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Singapore, July 2006
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Singapore, July 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: SINGAPORE July 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Republic of Singapore (English-language name). Also, in other official languages: Republik Singapura (Malay), Xinjiapo Gongheguo― 新加坡共和国 (Chinese), and Cingkappãr Kudiyarasu (Tamil) சி க யரச. Short Form: Singapore. Click to Enlarge Image Term for Citizen(s): Singaporean(s). Capital: Singapore. Major Cities: Singapore is a city-state. The city of Singapore is located on the south-central coast of the island of Singapore, but urbanization has taken over most of the territory of the island. Date of Independence: August 31, 1963, from Britain; August 9, 1965, from the Federation of Malaysia. National Public Holidays: New Year’s Day (January 1); Lunar New Year (movable date in January or February); Hari Raya Haji (Feast of the Sacrifice, movable date in February); Good Friday (movable date in March or April); Labour Day (May 1); Vesak Day (June 2); National Day or Independence Day (August 9); Deepavali (movable date in November); Hari Raya Puasa (end of Ramadan, movable date according to the Islamic lunar calendar); and Christmas (December 25). Flag: Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; a vertical white crescent (closed portion toward the hoist side), partially enclosing five white-point stars arranged in a circle, positioned near the hoist side of the red band. The red band symbolizes universal brotherhood and the equality of men; the white band, purity and virtue. The crescent moon represents Click to Enlarge Image a young nation on the rise, while the five stars stand for the ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality. -
Discourses Exploring the Space Between Tradition and Modernity in Indonesia
In the 8th International Indonesia Forum Conference DISCOURSES EXPLORING THE SPACE BETWEEN TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN INDONESIA i Sanksi Pelanggaran Pasal 72 Undang-undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2002 Perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1987 Perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1982 Tentang Hak Cipta 1. Barang siapa dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak melakukan perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) atau Pasal 49 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) dipidana dengan pidana penjara masing-masing paling singkat 1 (satu) bulan dan/atau denda paling sedikit Rp. 1.000.000,00 (satu juta rupiah), atau pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp. 5.000.000.000,00 (lima miliar rupiah). 2. Barang siapa dengan sengaja menyiarkan, memamerkan, mengedarkan atau menjual kepada umum suatu ciptaan atau barang hasil pelanggaran Hak Cipta atau Hak Terkait sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1), dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp. 500.000.000,00 (lima ratus juta rupiah). ii In the 8th International Indonesia Forum Conference DISCOURSES EXPLORING THE SPACE BETWEEN TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN INDONESIA Editorial Board: Hermanu Joebagio, Frank Dhont Pramudita Press iii In the 8th International Indonesia Forum Conference Sebelas Maret University, Solo, Indonesia 29 – 30 July 2015 Organized by: Sebelas Maret University and International Indonesia Forum DISCOURSES EXPLORING THE SPACE BETWEEN TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN INDONESIA Editorial Board: Hermanu Joebagio, Frank Dhont Paper Contributor: -
The Aesthetic Dimension
THE AESTHETII DlmEDSIOD TOWARD A CRITIQUE OF MARXIST AESTHETICS HERBERT MARC USE Beacon Press Boston In a situation where the miserable reality can be changed only through radical political praxis, the concem with aesthetics demands justification. It would be senseless to deny the element of despair inherent in this concern: the retreat into a world of fictionwhere existing conditions are changed· and overcome only in the realm of the imagination. However, this purely ideological conception of art is being questioned with increasing intensity. It seems that art as art expresses a truth, an ex perience, a necessity which, although not in the domain of radical praxis, are nevertheless essential components of revolution. With this insight, the basic conception of Marxist aesthetics, that is its treatment of art as ideology, and the emphasis on the class character of art, become again the topic of critical reexamination.1 This discussion is directed to the following theses of Marxist aesthetics: 1. There is a definite connection between art and the material base, between art and the totality of the relations of production. With the change in production relations, art itself is trans formed as part of the superstructure, although, like other ideologies, it can lag behind or anticipate social change. 1 2. There is a definite connection between art and social class. The only authentic, true, pro gressive art is the art of an ascending class. It expresses the consciousness of this class. 3. Consequently, the political and the aes thetic, the revolutionary content and the artistic quality tend to coincide. 4. The writer has an obligation to articulate and express the interests and needs of the ascending class. -
Singapore's Chinese-Speaking and Their Perspectives on Merger
Chinese Southern Diaspora Studies, Volume 5, 2011-12 南方華裔研究雜志, 第五卷, 2011-12 “Flesh and Bone Reunite as One Body”: Singapore’s Chinese- speaking and their Perspectives on Merger ©2012 Thum Ping Tjin* Abstract Singapore’s Chinese speakers played the determining role in Singapore’s merger with the Federation. Yet the historiography is silent on their perspectives, values, and assumptions. Using contemporary Chinese- language sources, this article argues that in approaching merger, the Chinese were chiefly concerned with livelihoods, education, and citizenship rights; saw themselves as deserving of an equal place in Malaya; conceived of a new, distinctive, multiethnic Malayan identity; and rejected communist ideology. Meanwhile, the leaders of UMNO were intent on preserving their electoral dominance and the special position of Malays in the Federation. Finally, the leaders of the PAP were desperate to retain power and needed the Federation to remove their political opponents. The interaction of these three factors explains the shape, structure, and timing of merger. This article also sheds light on the ambiguity inherent in the transfer of power and the difficulties of national identity formation in a multiethnic state. Keywords: Chinese-language politics in Singapore; History of Malaya; the merger of Singapore and the Federation of Malaya; Decolonisation Introduction Singapore’s merger with the Federation of Malaya is one of the most pivotal events in the country’s history. This process was determined by the ballot box – two general elections, two by-elections, and a referendum on merger in four years. The centrality of the vote to this process meant that Singapore’s Chinese-speaking1 residents, as the vast majority of the colony’s residents, played the determining role. -
The War on Terrorism and the Internal Security Act of Singapore
Damien Cheong ____________________________________________________________ Selling Security: The War on Terrorism and the Internal Security Act of Singapore DAMIEN CHEONG Abstract The Internal Security Act (ISA) of Singapore has been transformed from a se- curity law into an effective political instrument of the Singapore government. Although the government's use of the ISA for political purposes elicited negative reactions from the public, it was not prepared to abolish, or make amendments to the Act. In the wake of September 11 and the international campaign against terrorism, the opportunity to (re)legitimize the government's use of the ISA emerged. This paper argues that despite the ISA's seeming importance in the fight against terrorism, the absence of explicit definitions of national security threats, either in the Act itself, or in accompanying legislation, renders the ISA susceptible to political misuse. Keywords: Internal Security Act, War on Terrorism. People's Action Party, Jemaah Islamiyah. Introduction In 2001/2002, the Singapore government arrested and detained several Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) operatives under the Internal Security Act (ISA) for engaging in terrorist activities. It was alleged that the detained operatives were planning to attack local and foreign targets in Singa- pore. The arrests outraged human rights groups, as the operation was reminiscent of the government's crackdown on several alleged Marxist conspirators in1987. Human rights advocates were concerned that the current detainees would be dissuaded from seeking legal counsel and subjected to ill treatment during their period of incarceration (Tang 1989: 4-7; Frank et al. 1991: 5-99). Despite these protests, many Singaporeans expressed their strong support for the government's actions. -
BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Tan Malaka, Bapak Madilog, Adalah Salah Satu Sosok Yang
BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Tan Malaka, Bapak Madilog, adalah salah satu sosok yang “misterius” dalam sejarah Indonesia. Dia merupakan salah satu tokoh founding fathers bangsa Indonesia. Bertahun-tahun bergerilya dan melakukan gerakan bawah tanah dalam perjuangan revolusi melawan penjajah Belanda dan juga Jepang yang telah lama mencengkramkan kuku penjajahannya di bumi Nusantara. Meski banyak yang tidak mengenal sosok Tan Malaka, tokoh ini sebenarnya mempunyai peran penting dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Ia merupakan salah satu dari empat orang, dimana Presiden Soekarno menghendaki untuk melanjutkan tugas kepemimpinan Republik.1 Tan Malaka (1897-1949) dilahirkan di desa Pandan Gadang, tak jauh dari kecamatan Suliki Kabupaten Limopuluh koto, Payakumbuh, Sumatra Barat pada tahun 1897. Beliau dilahirkan dengan nama Ibrahim Bin Rasad. Ibunya bernama Rangkayo 1 Poeze Harry A, Tan Malaka, Gerakan Kiri, Dan Revolusi Indonesia: Agustus 1945-Maret 1946 (Jakarta: Yayasan Obor, 2008).hal 60 1 2 Sinah, putri dari salah satu orang yang disegani didesanya.2 Jika mengingat tempat kelahiran dan situasi sosial bumi Minangkabau ketika beliau tumbuh besar, sudah dapat dipastikan beliau mempelajari Agama Islam dengan cukup baik. Di dalam tradisi Minang pada masa itu, seorang laki-laki belumlah dapat dikatakan sebagai seorang lelaki sepenuhnya jika tidak pandai ber-Silat. Agaknya, dikarenakan situasi sosial yang demikianlah Tan Malaka (1897-1949) kecil belajar ilmu silat yang kemudian menjadi bekal dalam hidupnya untuk sekedar membela diri.3 Tidak sebagaimana RA Kartini, Tan Malaka memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia dengan maksud membentuk suatu negara Republik yang mandiri dan lepas dari penjajahan. Bahkan ia menulis buku Naar de 'Republiek Indonesia' (Menuju Republik Indonesia) sejak tahun 1924. -
The Communist Party of the Philippines and the Partai Komunis Indonesia
Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 49, No. 2, September 2011 Blood-Brothers: The Communist Party of the Philippines and the Partai Komunis Indonesia Ramon Guillermo* This paper discusses the significant role of the Indonesian Communist movement in the formation of Jose Maria Sison as a leading Filipino Marxist radical and its possible influence on the founding of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) in 1968. After a study fellowship in Indonesia in 1962, Sison published pioneering translations of Chairil Anwar’s poetry and popularized matters pertaining to Indo- nesia during the Sukarno era through the journal Progressive Review. He also had a memorable and intellectually fruitful friendship with the Indonesian nationalist guerrilla and University of the Philippines graduate student Bakri Ilyas. A small but persistent controversy on the alleged plagiarization by Sison of Indonesian radical sources in the late 1960s and early 1970s will then be addressed through systematic textual analysis. The paper will propose some general theses on authorship, mod- ularity, adaptation, and dissemination of texts and ideas in twentieth-century radical movements. Finally, the article will assess the impact of the 1965–66 massacre in Indonesia on the revolutionary ideas and practice of the CPP. Keywords: Communist Party of the Philippines, Partai Komunis Indonesia, Jose Maria Sison, Dipa Nusantara Aidit, Philippine Society and Revolution, Maphilindo “The thirty-five years history of the CPI is not a tranquil and peaceful one; it is a history which has gone through many turmoils and many dangers, many mistakes, and many sacrifices. But it is also a heroic history, a joyful history, a history with many lessons, a successful history.” — D. -
Tan Malaka (1943)
Koleksi Rowland MADILOG Tan Malaka (1943) 1 DISCLAIMER MADILOG Oleh Tan Malaka adalah publikasi KOLEKSI ROWLAND. E-book pdf ini adalah bebas dan tanpa biaya apapun. Siapapun yang menggunakan file ini, untuk tujuan apapun dan karenanya menjadi pertanggungan jawabnya sendiri. Pihak institusi, editor, atau individu yang terkait dengan ECONARCH Institute tidak dalam kapasitas sebagai pihak yang bertanggung jawab atas isi dokumen atau file perihal transimisi elektronik dalam hal apapun. MADILOG Oleh Tan Malaka, KOLEKSI ROWLAND, Electronic Classics Series, Editor, Indonesia adalah file PDF yang diproduksi sebagai bagian proyek publikasi belajar untuk memberikan literatur klasik bebas dan mudah diakses bagi mereka yang bermaksud mendayagunakannya. 2 MADILOG Tan Malaka (1943) DAFTAR ISI SEJARAH MADILOG PENDAHULUAN I. LOGIKA MISTIKA II. FILSAFAT III. ILMU PENGETAHUAN - SCIENCE IV. SCIENCE (SAMBUNGAN) V. DIALEKTIKA VI. LOGIKA VII. PENINJAUAN DENGAN MADILOG 3 SEJARAH MADILOG Ditulis di Rawajati dekat pabrik sepatu Kalibata Cililitan Jakarta. Disini saya berdiam dari 15 juli 1942 sampai dengan pertengahan tahun 1943, mempelajari keadaan kota dan kampung Indonesia yang lebih dari 20 tahun ditinggalkan. Waktu yang dipakai buat menulis Madilog, ialah lebih kurang 8 bulan dari 15 juli 1942 sampai dengan 30 maret 1943 (berhenti 15 hari), 720 jam, ialah kira-kira 3 jam sehari. Buku yang lain ialah Gabungan Aslinya sudah pula setengah di tulis. Tetapi terpaksa ditunda. Sebab yang pertama karena kehabisan uang. Kedua sebab sang Polisi, Yuansa namanya diwaktu itu, sudah 2 kali datang memeriksa dan menggeledah rumah lebih tepat lagi “pondok’’ tempat saya tinggal. Lantaran huruf madilog dan Gabungan Aslia terlampau kecil dan ditaruh di tempat yang tiada mengambil perhatian sama sekali, maka terlindung ia dari mata polisi. -
The North Kalimantan Communist Party and the People's Republic Of
The Developing Economies, XLIII-4 (December 2005): 489–513 THE NORTH KALIMANTAN COMMUNIST PARTY AND THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FUJIO HARA First version received January 2005; final version accepted July 2005 In this article, the author offers a detailed analysis of the history of the North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP), a political organization whose foundation date itself has been thus far ambiguous, relying mainly on the party’s own documents. The relation- ships between the Brunei Uprising and the armed struggle in Sarawak are also referred to. Though the Brunei Uprising of 1962 waged by the Partai Rakyat Brunei (People’s Party of Brunei) was soon followed by armed struggle in Sarawak, their relations have so far not been adequately analyzed. The author also examines the decisive roles played by Wen Ming Chyuan, Chairman of the NKCP, and the People’s Republic of China, which supported the NKCP for the entire period following its inauguration. INTRODUCTION PRELIMINARY study of the North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP, here- after referred to as “the Party”), an illegal leftist political party based in A Sarawak, was published by this author in 2000 (Hara 2000). However, the study did not rely on the official documents of the Party itself, but instead relied mainly on information provided by third parties such as the Renmin ribao of China and the Zhen xian bao, the newspaper that was the weekly organ of the now defunct Barisan Sosialis of Singapore. Though these were closely connected with the NKCP, many problems still remained unresolved. In this study the author attempts to construct a more precise party history relying mainly on the party’s own information and docu- ments provided by former members during the author’s visit to Sibu in August 2001.1 –––––––––––––––––––––––––– This paper is an outcome of research funded by the Pache Research Subsidy I-A of Nanzan University for the academic year 2000. -
Pemikiran Tan Malaka Tentang Islam Dalam Buku Madilog
PEMIKIRAN TAN MALAKA TENTANG ISLAM DALAM BUKU MADILOG TESIS Diajukan Kepada Program Studi Magister Pemikiran Islam Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Surakarta Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Guna Memperoleh Gelar Magister dalam Pemikiran Islam (Magister Pemikiran Islam) Oleh: MUHAMMAD EDO SUKMA WARDHANA NIM : O 000 090 062 PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER PEMIKIRAN ISLAM SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA 2014 ii iii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN iv PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN Dengan ini saya: Nama : Muhammad Edo Sukma Wardhana NIM : O 000 090 062 Jenjang : Magister (S2) Program : Magister Pemikiran Islam Judul : PEMIKIRAN TAN MALAKA TENTANG ISLAM DALAM MADILOG. Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa tesis ini secara keseluruhan adalah hasil penelitian/karya saya sendiri, kecuali pada bagian kutipan-kutipan dan ringkasan- ringkasan yang telah saya jelaskan rujukannya dan sumbernya. Dan apabila dikemudian hari terbukti tesis ini jiplakan, gelar yang diberikan oleh Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta batal saya terima. Surakarta, Maret 2014 Yang menyatakan, Muhammad Edo Sukma Wardhana v MOTTO !$tΒ tβρ߉Î7≈tã óΟçFΡr& Iωuρ ∩⊄∪ tβρ߉ç7÷ès? $tΒ ß‰ç6ôãr& Iω ∩⊇∪ šχρãÏ≈x6ø9$# $pκš‰r'¯≈tƒ ö≅è% ö/ä3s9 ∩∈∪ ߉ç6ôãr& !$tΒ tβρ߉Î7≈tã óΟçFΡr& Iωuρ ∩⊆∪ ÷Λ–n‰t6tã $¨Β Ó‰Î/%tæ O$tΡr& Iωuρ ∩⊂∪ ߉ç7ôãr& ∩∉∪ È⎦⎪ÏŠ u’Í<uρ ö/ä3ãΨƒÏŠ (1) Katakanlah: “Hai orang-orang kafir, (2) aku tidak akan menyembah apa yang kamu sembah. (3) Dan kamu bukan penyembah Tuhan yang aku sembah. (4) Dan aku tidak pernah menjadi penyembah apa yang kamu sembah, (5) dan kamu tidak pernah (pula) menjadi penyembah Tuhan yang aku sembah. (6) Untukmu agamamu, dan untukkulah, agamaku.” (Q.S. Al-Kafirun: 1-6) £]t/uρ $yγy_÷ρy— $pκ÷]ÏΒ t,n=yzuρ ;οy‰Ïn≡uρ <§ø¯Ρ ⎯ÏiΒ /ä3s)n=s{ “Ï%©!$# ãΝä3−/u‘ (#θà)®?$# â¨$¨Ζ9$# $pκš‰r'¯≈tƒ tβ%x. -
The International Newsletter of Communist Studies
THE INTERNATIONAL NEWSLETTER OF COMMUNIST STUDIES Der Internationale Newsletter der Kommunismusforschung La newsletter internationale des recherches sur le communisme Международный бюллетень исторических исследований коммунизма La Newsletter Internacional de Estudios sobre el Comunismo A Newsletter Internacional de Estudos sobre o Comunismo Edited by Bernhard H. Bayerlein and Gleb J. Albert VOL. XXII/XXIII (2016/2017) NO 29-30 Published by The European Workshop of Communist Studies With Support of the Institute of Social Movements and the Library of the Ruhr University Bochum ISSN 1862-698X http://incs.ub.rub.de The International Newsletter of Communist Studies XXII/XXIII (2016/17), nos. 29-30 2 Executive Editor Bernhard H. Bayerlein Honorary Senior Researcher, Institute of Social Movements (ISB), University of Bochum, Germany Associate, Center of Contemporary History Potsdam (ZZF), Germany [email protected] / [email protected] Junior Editor Gleb J. Albert Department of History, University of Zurich [email protected] Assisted by Marcel Bois, Hamburg Board of Correspondents Lars Björlin (Stockholm) Ottokar Luban (Berlin) Kasper Braskén (Åbo) Kevin McDermott (Sheffield) Hernán Camarero (Buenos Aires) Brendan McGeever (London) Cosroe Chaqueri † (Paris) Kevin Morgan (Manchester) Sonia Combe (Paris) Timur Mukhamatulin (New Brunswick) Mathieu Denis (Montréal) Manfred Mugrauer (Wien) Jean-François Fayet (Fribourg) José Pacheco Pereira (Lisbon) Jan Foitzik (Berlin) Fredrik Petersson (Åbo/Stockholm) José Gotovitch (Bruxelles) Adriana -
One Party Dominance Survival: the Case of Singapore and Taiwan
One Party Dominance Survival: The Case of Singapore and Taiwan DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Lan Hu Graduate Program in Political Science The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Professor R. William Liddle Professor Jeremy Wallace Professor Marcus Kurtz Copyrighted by Lan Hu 2011 Abstract Can a one-party-dominant authoritarian regime survive in a modernized society? Why is it that some survive while others fail? Singapore and Taiwan provide comparable cases to partially explain this puzzle. Both countries share many similar cultural and developmental backgrounds. One-party dominance in Taiwan failed in the 1980s when Taiwan became modern. But in Singapore, the one-party regime survived the opposition’s challenges in the 1960s and has remained stable since then. There are few comparative studies of these two countries. Through empirical studies of the two cases, I conclude that regime structure, i.e., clientelistic versus professional structure, affects the chances of authoritarian survival after the society becomes modern. This conclusion is derived from a two-country comparative study. Further research is necessary to test if the same conclusion can be applied to other cases. This research contributes to the understanding of one-party-dominant regimes in modernizing societies. ii Dedication Dedicated to the Lord, Jesus Christ. “Counsel and sound judgment are mine; I have insight, I have power. By Me kings reign and rulers issue decrees that are just; by Me princes govern, and nobles—all who rule on earth.” Proverbs 8:14-16 iii Acknowledgments I thank my committee members Professor R.