DOCSLIB.ORG

The Other Two Houses Is Restricted Through the Existence of Overarching "General Affairs" Ministries

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Other Two Houses Is Restricted Through the Existence of Overarching • t; T H E OTHER TWO H O U S E S The first five years of the Houses of Representatives and Delegates by Gerd Behrens University of Cape Town A dissertation submitte.d to the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Cape Town, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Cape Town, October 1989 The University of Cape Town has been glven the right to reproduce this thesis in whole or In part. Co:,yright is h&!d by the author. ·., The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town ,_ For Gillian ABSTRACT Defying widespread predictions, the tricameral Parliament not only continues to function but, after five years, has become an integral part of the political realities in South Africa. This thesis is concerned with an assessment of the dynamics of the n~w dispensation in general and the role played by the Houses of Representatives and Delegates in particular. It evaluates the implications of the new dis­ pensation for the government, participants in governmen~­ created, racially segregated bodies and the extra­ Parliamentary opposition. In addition, it synthesizes empirical data and theory by applying concepts of eth­ nicity and by reviewing the tricameral system in the light of the theoretical discussions on consociation and "control". The general elections of September 1989 have been used as a cut-off point for this study because the poll amongst Coloureds and Indians provides an opportunity to observe the effects of the performance of the "other" two Houses. Although it is too early for an exhaustive evaluation of the tricameral system, three preliminary conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, despite its failure to gain legitimacy in wider circles, the new dispensation proved to be a qualified success for the government, particularly in so far as it has managed to involve Coloured and Indian participants in the administration of their "own" affairs. Secondly, after an acquiescent start the two new chambers began to utilize the not inconsiderable potential innate to the Constitution of 1983 but failed to bridge the gulf separating them from the mainstream of black opposition. Thirdly, events in and more significantly outside Parlia­ ment, seriously undermined the success of the boycott strategy employed by the extra-Parliamentary opposition. While conducting research into apartheid institutions it has become necessary to use official terminology, for ex­ ample, whites, Coloureds, Indians, Africans. 1 It goes without saying that this does not imply any measure of ac­ ceptance of government policy. The methodology of the study is outlined in a brief ap­ pendix. 1. As it has become common practice, the term "black" will be used to refer to all three oppressed groups. DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation is my own unaided work. It is being submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Cape Town� It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination in any other university. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I should like to extend my thanks to all those people who contributed to this dissertation: my supervisor, Professor Hermann Giliomee, the friendly and competent staf~ of the University of Cape,Town and all people interviewed or otherwise approached. It is remembered that several people who were interviewed or gave background information have been or are currently in detention. Financial assistance from a UCT Postgraduate Research Scholarship was very much appreciated. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS lillC African National Congress CLP Coloured Labour Preference CP Conservative Party CRC Coloured Representative Council CTPA Cape Teachers' Professional Organisation DEC Department of Education and Culture DP Democratic Party DWP Democratic Workers' Party FP Freedom Party Ho A House of Assembly HoD House of Delegates HoR House of Representatives LP Labour Party MDM Mass Democratic Movement MP Member of Parliament MPC Member of the President's Council NF National Forum NIC Natal Indian Congress NP National Party NPP National People's Party PC President's Council PCP People's Congress Party PFP Progressive Federal Party PPSA People's Party of South Africa PRP Progressive Reform Party SAIC South African Indian Council TASA Teachers' Association of South Africa TIC Transvaal Indian Congress UDF United Democratic Front UDP United Democratic Party WECTU Western Cape Teachers' Union TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ABSTRACT DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION . ........................................., 1 2. THE COLOURED AND INDIAN POPULATION GROUPS .•.......•... 8- 2.1. Ethnicity and Group Concepts •.•........••... : .•••... 8 2.2. The Intermediate Position of Coloureds and Indians.14 2.3. Separate Political Parties ••••••••••••••••••••••••. 19 2.3.1. The Labour Party ................................. 23 2.3.2. Other Coloured Parties ••.•....•.........•........ 39 2 .-3 . 3 . Indian Parties . .................................. 5 3 2.3.4. The Indian Congresses ...•.••....•.•..•••...••.... 66 3. THE CONSTITUTION OF 1983 ...•...•.......••........•... 70 3.1. The Evolution of the Constitution •..•.•............ 70~ 3.2. The Provisions of the Constitution .•..•..••.•...... 76 'I 4 . THE 19 8 4 ELECT! ONS . • . • • . • • • • • . • • . • . • . • . • . 8 6 4.1. The Delimitation of Constituencies ...........•••.•• 86 4.2. The Registration of Voters ..••.•...•..•.•...••.•... 90 4.3. The Participation Debate ••••••..•......•........... 92 Y 4 . 4. The Election Campaign ......•.....•••••••.•........ 1 O5 ~-· 4.5. The Results ....................................... 108 Y. .4. 6. Analysis . ........................................ 117 4 . 7 The MPs . ........................•.•................ 131 5 . OWN AFFAIRS . .... 13 9 5.1. The Own Affairs System ......... ~··················139 5.2. The Own Affairs Budgets ........................... 151 5.3. The own Affairs Portfolios ........................ 160 5.3.1. Agriculture ..................................... 160 5.3.2. Local Government ................................ 162 5.3.3. Welfare ......................................... 162 5.3.4. Health ........•................................. 164 5.3.5. Housing ......................................... 166 5 . 3 . 6 . Education . ...................................... 1 71 5.3.6.1. Coloured Education ••....••...•.......•....•..• 172 5.3.6.1.1. The Labour Party Policy ....•..•...•... ; .•... 172 5 . 3 . 6 . l . 2. The DEC and the CTPA •...•......•........•... 179 5.3.6.1.3. The School Boycotts in the Western Cape ..... 193 5.3.6.2. Indian Education; •......••••..•.•••.....••.... 200 5.4. Conclusion ................................. ; ...... 207 6 . GENERAL AFFAIRS ..............................· ........ f 11 6.1. The Performance of the Houses of Representatives and Delegates .................• .................... 211 \' 6.2. Key Policy Areas .............................. ~ ~ .. 2 2.9 6.2.1. Constitutional Policy ••.•.............•.•...•... 230 6 . 2 . 2 . Group Areas • ..•.•...•.•...•••••••....... ·· . : ..... 2 3 8 6.2.3. Security ........................................ 243 6.3. The Standing Committees ...•••••.•.•.....•..••.••.• 253 6 . 3 . 1. The Standing Cammi t tee Sys tern •..•.......••..•... 2 5 3 6.3.2. Case Studies .................................... 264 7. THE PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL •......•.......•••........... 274 7 .1. · Constitutional Provisions •.......•.•.•.....•..••.. 27 4 7.2. The Performance of the Coloured and Indian MPCs ..• 277" 8. THE RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER POLITICAL FORCES ••....•• 284 8.1. The Liberal White Opposition .•............ • ••••• 284 8 . 2 . I nka tha . .... 2 9 3 8.3. The UDF . ......................................... 294 9. CONCLUSION ....•................... ·.•..............•. 309 APPENDIX I: CONCEPTUALIZATION: CONSOCIATION AND "CONTROL" ...........................•........................... 3 3 4 I.1. Consociation •.•••.•.•...••.••...•..•....••..•••... 334 I.2. ''Control'' ...............................· .......... 340 APPENDIX II: METHODOLOGY .•.••...••..•..•......•......•• 344 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY ••.•..•.....•...•..•....•.•....•..•. 353 1 "If the tricameral Parliament succeeds, we fail." (Ismail Omar, Solidarity MPC) 1 "They thought they were entering a partnership with the President, and they were mistaken. They thought he 11 needed them, and he didn' t. - ( Paul Bell on the Labour Party) 2 1. INTRODUCTION Nadine Gordimer has called the Houses of Representatives and Delegates "the outhouses of Parliament". This quota­ tion expresses a sentiment widely held by the general public, the media and the academia. The attitude is that the Coloured and Indian chambers of Parliament are void of any relevance. This argument rests on two assumptions, namely the waning significance of Parliament in general and the impotence of the "other" two Houses in particular. The first assumption has been notably associated with Frederik van Zyl Slabbert. He argued that South Africa had an extra-Parliamentary government as Parliament had lost 1. Interview: Ismail Omar, 21.1.1987 2. Paul Bell(1988): 60 2 all relevance for both the representativity and ac- countability of government as well as for
Load more

Recommended publications
  • South·Africa in Transition
    POLITICS OF HOPE AND TERROR: South ·Africa in Transition Report on Violence in South Africa by an American Friends Service Committee Study Team November 1992 The American Friends Service Committee's concern over Southern Africa has grown out of over 60 years of relationships since the first visit by a representative of the organization. In 1982 the AFSC Board of Directors approved the release of a full length book, Challenge and Hope, as a statement of its views on South Africa. Since 1977 the AFSC has had a national Southern Africa educational program in its Peace Education Division. AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE 1501 Cherry Street Philadelphia, PA 19102 (215) 241-7000 AFSC REGIONAL OFFICES: Southeastern Region, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, 92 Piedmont Avenue, NE; Middle Atlantic Region, Baltimore, Maryland 21212, 4806 York Road; New England Region, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, 2161 Massachusetts Avenue; Great Lakes Region, Chicago, Illinois 60605, 59 E. Van Buren Street, Suite 1400; North Central Region, Des Moines, Iowa 50312, 4211 Grand Avenue; New York Metropolitan Region, New York, New York 10003, 15 Rutherford Place; Pacific Southwest Region, Pasadena, California 91103, 980 N. Fair Oaks Avenue; Pacific Mountain Region, San Francisco, California 94121,2160 Lake Street; Pacific Northwest Region, Seattle, Washington 98105, 814 N.E. 40th Street. CONTENTS II THE AFSC DELEGATION 1 PREFACE III POLITICS OF HOPE AND TERROR: South Africa in Transition 1 THE BASIC VIOLENCE 2 ANALYZING THE VIOLENCE 5 THE HIDDEN HAND 7 RETALIATION 9 POLICE INVESTIGATIONS 11 LESSONS FROM THE BOIPATONG MASSACRE 12 HOMELAND VIOLENCE IN CISKEI AND KWAZULU 13 HOMELAND LEADERS BUTHELEZI AND GQOZO 16 CONCLUSION 19 RECOMMENDATIONS 20 ACRONYMS 21 TEAM INTERVIEWS AND MEETINGS 22 THE AFSC DELEGATION TO SOUTH AFRICA The American Friends Service Committee's Board of Directors approved a proposal in June 1992 for a delegation to visit South Africa to study the escalating violence there.
    [Show full text]
  • Vigilantism V. the State: a Case Study of the Rise and Fall of Pagad, 1996–2000
    Vigilantism v. the State: A case study of the rise and fall of Pagad, 1996–2000 Keith Gottschalk ISS Paper 99 • February 2005 Price: R10.00 INTRODUCTION South African Local and Long-Distance Taxi Associa- Non-governmental armed organisations tion (SALDTA) and the Letlhabile Taxi Organisation admitted that they are among the rivals who hire hit To contextualise Pagad, it is essential to reflect on the squads to kill commuters and their competitors’ taxi scale of other quasi-military clashes between armed bosses on such a scale that they need to negotiate groups and examine other contemporary vigilante amnesty for their hit squads before they can renounce organisations in South Africa. These phenomena such illegal activities.6 peaked during the1990s as the authority of white su- 7 premacy collapsed, while state transfor- Petrol-bombing minibuses and shooting 8 mation and the construction of new drivers were routine. In Cape Town, kill- democratic authorities and institutions Quasi-military ings started in 1993 when seven drivers 9 took a good decade to be consolidated. were shot. There, the rival taxi associa- clashes tions (Cape Amalgamated Taxi Associa- The first category of such armed group- between tion, Cata, and the Cape Organisation of ings is feuding between clans (‘faction Democratic Taxi Associations, Codeta), fighting’ in settler jargon). This results in armed groups both appointed a ‘top ten’ to negotiate escalating death tolls once the rural com- peaked in the with the bus company, and a ‘bottom ten’ batants illegally buy firearms. For de- as a hit squad. The police were able to cades, feuding in Msinga1 has resulted in 1990s as the secure triple life sentences plus 70 years thousands of displaced persons.
    [Show full text]
  • Trekking Outward
    TREKKING OUTWARD A CHRONOLOGY OF MEETINGS BETWEEN SOUTH AFRICANS AND THE ANC IN EXILE 1983–2000 Michael Savage University of Cape Town May 2014 PREFACE In the decade preceding the dramatic February 1990 unbanning of South Africa’s black liberatory movements, many hundreds of concerned South Africans undertook to make contact with exile leaders of these organisations, travelling long distances to hold meetings in Europe or in independent African countries. Some of these “treks”, as they came to be called, were secret while others were highly publicised. The great majority of treks brought together South Africans from within South Africa and exile leaders of the African National Congress, and its close ally the South African Communist Party. Other treks involved meetings with the Pan Africanist Congress, the black consciousness movement, and the remnants of the Non-European Unity Movement in exile. This account focuses solely on the meetings involving the ANC alliance, which after February 1990 played a central role in negotiating with the white government of F.W. de Klerk and his National Party regime to bring about a new democratic order. Without the foundation of understanding established by the treks and thousands of hours of discussion and debate that they entailed, it seems unlikely that South Africa’s transition to democracy could have been as successfully negotiated as it was between 1990 and the first democratic election of April 1994. The following chronology focuses only on the meetings of internally based South Africans with the African National Congress (ANC) when in exile over the period 1983–1990. Well over 1 200 diverse South Africans drawn from a wide range of different groups in the non- governmental sector and cross-cutting political parties, language, educational, religious and community groups went on an outward mission to enter dialogue with the ANC in exile in a search to overcome the escalating conflict inside South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • 200 1. Voortrekkers Were Groups of Nineteenth- Century Afrikaners Who
    Notes 1. Voortrekkers were groups of nineteenth- century Afrikaners who migrated north from the Cape colony into the South African interior to escape British rule. 2. ‘Township’ is the name given by colonial and later apartheid authorities to underdeveloped, badly resourced urban living areas, usually on the outskirts of white towns and cities, which were set aside for the black workforce. 3. See, for example, Liz Gunner on Zulu radio drama since 1941 (2000), David Coplan on township music and theatre (1985) and Isabel Hofmeyr on the long- established Afrikaans magazine Huisgenoot (1987). 4. In 1984 the NP launched what it called a ‘tricameral’ parliament, a flawed and divisive attempt at reforming the political system. After a referendum among white voters it gave limited political representation to people classi- fied as coloured and Indian, although black South Africans remained com- pletely excluded. Opposition to the system came from both the left and right and voting rates among non- whites remained extremely low, in a show of disapproval of what many viewed as puppet MPs. 5. The State of Emergency was declared in 1985 in 36 magisterial districts. It was extended across the whole country in 1986 and given an extra year to run in 1989. New measures brought in included the notorious 90- day law, in which suspects could be held without trial for 90 days, after which many were released and then re- arrested as they left the prison. 6. According to André Brink, ‘The widespread notion of “traditional Afrikaner unity” is based on a false reading of history: strife and division within Afrikanerdom has been much more in evidence than unity during the first three centuries of white South African history’ (1983, 17).
    [Show full text]
  • Land Reform from Post-Apartheid South Africa Catherine M
    Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review Volume 20 | Issue 4 Article 4 8-1-1993 Land Reform from Post-Apartheid South Africa Catherine M. Coles Follow this and additional works at: http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/ealr Part of the Land Use Law Commons Recommended Citation Catherine M. Coles, Land Reform from Post-Apartheid South Africa, 20 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 699 (1993), http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/ealr/vol20/iss4/4 This Comments is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LAND REFORM FOR POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA Catherine M. Coles* I. INTRODUCTION...................................................... 700 II. LAND SYSTEMS IN COLLISION: PRECOLONIAL AND COLONIAL LAND SYSTEMS IN SOUTH AFRICA. 703 A. An Overview of Precolonial Land Systems. 703 B. Changing Rights to Landfor Indigenous South African Peoples Under European Rule. 706 III. THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF RACIAL INEQUALITY AND APART- HEID THROUGH A LAND PROGRAM. 711 A. Legislative Development of the Apartheid Land Program. 712 B. The Apartheid System of Racial Zoning in Practice: Limiting the Land Rights of Black South Africans. 716 1. Homelands and National States: Limiting Black Access to Land by Restricting Citizenship. 716 2. Restricting Black Land Rights in Rural Areas Outside the Homelands through State Control. 720 3. Restricting Black Access to Urban Land..................... 721 IV. DISMANTLING APARTHEID: THE NATIONAL PARTY'S PLAN FOR LAND REFORM............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2
    VOLUME TWO Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 6 National Overview .......................................... 1 Special Investigation The Death of President Samora Machel ................................................ 488 Chapter 2 The State outside Special Investigation South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 42 Helderberg Crash ........................................... 497 Special Investigation Chemical and Biological Warfare........ 504 Chapter 3 The State inside South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 165 Special Investigation Appendix: State Security Forces: Directory Secret State Funding................................... 518 of Organisations and Structures........................ 313 Special Investigation Exhumations....................................................... 537 Chapter 4 The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990 ..................................................... 325 Special Investigation Appendix: Organisational structures and The Mandela United
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Provinces for a New South Africa, 1993
    NEGOTIATING DIVISIONS IN A DIVIDED LAND: CREATING PROVINCES FOR A NEW SOUTH AFRICA, 1993 SYNOPSIS As South Africa worked to draft a post-apartheid constitution in the months leading up to its first fully democratic elections in 1994, the disparate groups negotiating the transition from apartheid needed to set the country’s internal boundaries. By 1993, the negotiators had agreed that the new constitution would divide the country into provinces, but the thorniest issues remained: the number of provinces and their borders. Lacking reliable population data and facing extreme time pressure, the decision makers confronted explosive political challenges. South Africa in the early 1990s was a patchwork of provinces and “homelands,” ethnically defined areas for black South Africans. Some groups wanted provincial borders drawn according to ethnicity, which would strengthen their political bases but also reinforce divisions that had bedeviled the country’s political past. Those groups threatened violence if they did not get their way. To reconcile the conflicting interests and defuse the situation, the Multi-Party Negotiating Forum established a separate, multiparty commission. Both the commission and its technical committee comprised individuals from different party backgrounds who had relevant skills and expertise. They agreed on a set of criteria for the creation of new provinces and solicited broad input from the public. In the short term, the Commission on the Demarcation/Delimitation of States/Provinces/Regions balanced political concerns and technical concerns, satisfied most of the negotiating parties, and enabled the elections to move forward by securing political buy-in from a wide range of factions. In the long term, however, the success of the provincial boundaries as subnational administrations has been mixed.
    [Show full text]
  • Heidedal Filling Station Situated on Erf 16603
    FINAL BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT HEIDEDAL FILLING STATION SITUATED ON ERF 16603 Reference No.: EMB/9(i),10(i)13,14,19(i),27/16/05 June 2016 Bokamoso Landscape Architects & Environmental Consultants CC. P. O. Box 11375 Maroelana, 0161 Tel: (012) 346 3810 Fax: 086 570 5659 Email: [email protected] FINAL BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS APPLICATION FORM ACKNOWLEDGEMENT LETTERS BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION A: ACTIVITY INFORMATION 03 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 03 2. FEASIBLE AND REASONABLE ALTERNATIVES 06 3. PHYSICAL SIZE OF THE ACTIVITY 09 4. SITE ACCESS 10 5. LOCALITY MAP 12 6. LAYOUT/ROUTE PLAN 14 7. SENSITIVITY MAP 14 8. SITE PHOTOGRAPHS 15 9. FACILITY ILLUSTRATION 16 10. ACTIVITY MOTIVATION 16 11. APPLICABLE LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND/OR GUIDELINES 25 12. WASTE, EFFLUENT, EMISSION AND NOISE MANAGEMENT 33 13. WATER USE 35 14. ENERGY EFFICIENCY 35 SECTION B: SITE/AREA/PROPERTY DESCRIPTION 37 1. GRADIENT OF THE SITE 38 2. LOCATION IN LANDSCAPE 38 3. GROUNDWATER, SOIL AND GEOLOGICAL STABILITY OF THE SITE 38 4. GROUNDCOVER 39 5. SURFACE WATER 39 6. LAND USE CHARACTER OF SURROUNDING AREA 40 7. CULTURAL/HISTORICAL FEATURES 42 8. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTER 42 9. BIODIVERSITY 44 FINAL BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION C: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 47 1. ADVERTISEMENT AND NOTICE 47 2. DETERMINATION OF APPROPRIATE MEASURES 47 3. ISSUES RAISED BY INTERESTED AND AFFECTED PARTIES 48 4. COMMENTS AND RESPONSE REPORT 48 5. AUTHORITY PARTICIPATION 48 6. CONSULTATION WITH OTHER STAKEHOLDERS 49 SECTION D: IMPACT ASSESSMENT 50 1. IMPACTS THAT MAY RESULT FROM THE PLANNING AND DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, OPERATIONAL, DECOMMISSIONING AND CLOSURE PHASES AS WELL AS PROPOSED MANAGEMENT OF IDENTIFIED IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES 50 2.
    [Show full text]
  • What Ended Apartheid?
    NEW YORK STATE SOCIAL STUDIES RESOURCE TOOLKIT 10th Grade Apartheid Inquiry What Ended Apartheid? Photographer unknown, photograph of protests against Pass Laws, 1956. NatIonal LIbrary of South AfrIca: Cape Town campus. Used with permIssIon. Supporting Questions 1. What was apartheId? 2. What efforts were made by Nelson Mandela to end apartheId? 3. What efforts were made by groups wIthIn South AfrIca to end apartheId? 4. What efforts were made by InternatIonal bodIes to end apartheId? THIS WORK IS LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION- NONCOMMERCIAL- SHAREALIKE 4.0 INTERNATIONAL LICENSE. 1 NEW YORK STATE SOCIAL STUDIES RESOURCE TOOLKIT 10th Grade Apartheid Inquiry What Ended Apartheid? 10.10 HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS: Since the Holocaust, human rIghts vIolatIons have generated New York State worldwide attentIon and concern. The UnIted NatIons UnIversal DeclaratIon of Human RIghts has Social Studies provIded a set of prIncIples to guide efforts to protect threatened groups and has served as a lens Framework Key Idea through whIch hIstorIcal occurrences of oppression can be evaluated. & Practices Gathering, Using, and Interpreting Evidence Chronological Reasoning and Causation Comparison and Contextualization Staging the Question Students examIne varIous maps of the “homelands” In South AfrIca and dIscuss the ImplIcatIons of, and challenges to, thIs physIcal separation. Supporting Question 1 Supporting Question 2 Supporting Question 3 Supporting Question 4 What was apartheId? What efforts were made by What efforts were made by What
    [Show full text]
  • The President's Report on Progress Toward Ending Apartheid Insouth Africa and the Question of Future Sanctions
    THE PRESIDENT'S REPORT ON PROGRESS TOWARD ENDING APARTHEID INSOUTH AFRICA AND THE QUESTION OF FUTURE SANCTIONS HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEES ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE, AND ON AFRICA OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDREDTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 5, 1987 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 82-205 WASHINGTON : 1988 For sale by the Superintendeit of Documents, Congressional Sales Office US. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 tj81-5 6 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS DANTE B. FASCE LL, Florida, Chairman LEE H. HAMILTON, Indiana WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD, Michigan GUS YATRON, Pennsylvania BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York STEPHEN J. SOLARZ, New York ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO, California DON BONKER, Washington JIM LEACH, Iowa GERRY E. STUDDS, Massachusetts TOBY ROTH, Wisconsin DAN MICA, Florida OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine HOWARD WOLPE, Michigan HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois GEO. W. CROCKETT, JR., Michigan GERALD B.H. SOLOMON, New York SAM GEJDENSON, Connecticut DOUG BEREUTER, Nebraska MERVYN M. DYMALLY, California ROBERT K.-DORNAN, California TOM LANTOS, California CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey PETER H. KOSTMAYER, Pennsylvania CONNIE MACK, Florida ROBERT G. TORRICELLI, New Jersey MICHAEL DEWINE, Ohio LAWRENCE J. SMITH, Florida DAN BURTON, Indiana HOWARD L. BERMAN, California JAN MEYERS, Kansas MEL LEVINE, California JOHN MILLER, Washington EDWARD F. FEIGHAN, Ohio DONALD E. "BUZ" LUKENS, Ohio TED WEISS, New York BEN BLAZ, Guam GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York MORRIS K. UDALL, Arizona JAMES McCLURE CLARKE, North Carolina JAIME B. FUSTER, Puerto Rico JAMES H. BILBRAY, Nevada WAYNE OWENS, Utah FOFO I.F.
    [Show full text]
  • The Apartheid Divide
    PUNC XI: EYE OF THE STORM 2018 The Apartheid Divide Sponsored by: Presented by: Table of Contents Letter from the Crisis Director Page 2 Letter from the Chair Page 4 Committee History Page 6 Delegate Positions Page 8 Committee Structure Page 11 1 Letter From the Crisis Director Hello, and welcome to The Apartheid Divide! My name is Allison Brown and I will be your Crisis Director for this committee. I am a sophomore majoring in Biomedical Engineering with a focus in Biochemicals. This is my second time being a Crisis Director, and my fourth time staffing a conference. I have been participating in Model United Nations conferences since high school and have continued doing so ever since I arrived at Penn State. Participating in the Penn State International Affairs and Debate Association has helped to shape my college experience. Even though I am an engineering major, I am passionate about current events, politics, and international relations. This club has allowed me to keep up with my passion, while also keeping with my other passion; biology. I really enjoy being a Crisis Director and I am so excited to do it again! This committee is going to focus on a very serious topic from our world’s past; Apartheid. The members of the Presidents Council during this time were quite the collection of people. It is important during the course of this conference that you remember to be respectful to other delegates (both in and out of character) and to be thoughtful before making decisions or speeches. If you ever feel uncomfortable, please inform myself or the chair, Sneha, and we will address the issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Bloemfontein / Mangaung Hospitals Brochure
    H1N1 EMERGENCY NUMBERS You can help the Free State to prevent and Police Emergency Services deal with H1N1 influenza by taking everyday 10111 BLOEMFONTEIN / precautions that can help protect you and others against flu. Fire Brigade MANGAUNG + 27 51 406 6666 ?Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue HOSPITALS when you cough or sneeze. ?Throw the tissue in the bin after using it. ?Wash your hands with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing. AMBULANCE SERVICES ?Avoid close contact with sick people. ?If you have a flu stay at home. Provincial: The symptoms include fever, cough, sore 10177 or + 27 51 407 600 throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Diarrhea and vomiting may occur. Er24: 084 124 or +2751 444 3724 Should you experience any of these CONTACT symptoms and have had contact with Mapanya 911: somebody who is already infected, seek 086 1960 960 INFORMATION medical attention at your nearest health facility. Netcare 911: 082 911 H1N1 influenza can be successfully treated. Life Rosepark Response: This message is brought to you by the Free 0800 22 22 22 or State Department of Health. +27 51 505 5200 For more information call the H1N1 Hotline number: 0861 364 232. UNIVERSITAS PELONOMI NATIONAL ACADEMIC REGIONAL DISTRICT HOSPITAL HOSPITAL HOSPITAL Universitas Academic Hospital, Universitas Academic Hospital Pelonomi Regional Hospital National District Hospital 1 Logeman Street, Universitas Dr Belcher Road, Heidedal Roth Avenue, Willows • BLOEMFONTEIN Postal Address: Postal Address: Postal Address: Private Bag X20660
    [Show full text]