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The President's Report on Progress Toward Ending Apartheid Insouth Africa and the Question of Future Sanctions

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The President's Report on Progress Toward Ending Apartheid Insouth Africa and the Question of Future Sanctions THE PRESIDENT'S REPORT ON PROGRESS TOWARD ENDING APARTHEID INSOUTH AFRICA AND THE QUESTION OF FUTURE SANCTIONS HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEES ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE, AND ON AFRICA OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDREDTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 5, 1987 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 82-205 WASHINGTON : 1988 For sale by the Superintendeit of Documents, Congressional Sales Office US. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 tj81-5 6 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS DANTE B. FASCE LL, Florida, Chairman LEE H. HAMILTON, Indiana WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD, Michigan GUS YATRON, Pennsylvania BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York STEPHEN J. SOLARZ, New York ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO, California DON BONKER, Washington JIM LEACH, Iowa GERRY E. STUDDS, Massachusetts TOBY ROTH, Wisconsin DAN MICA, Florida OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine HOWARD WOLPE, Michigan HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois GEO. W. CROCKETT, JR., Michigan GERALD B.H. SOLOMON, New York SAM GEJDENSON, Connecticut DOUG BEREUTER, Nebraska MERVYN M. DYMALLY, California ROBERT K.-DORNAN, California TOM LANTOS, California CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey PETER H. KOSTMAYER, Pennsylvania CONNIE MACK, Florida ROBERT G. TORRICELLI, New Jersey MICHAEL DEWINE, Ohio LAWRENCE J. SMITH, Florida DAN BURTON, Indiana HOWARD L. BERMAN, California JAN MEYERS, Kansas MEL LEVINE, California JOHN MILLER, Washington EDWARD F. FEIGHAN, Ohio DONALD E. "BUZ" LUKENS, Ohio TED WEISS, New York BEN BLAZ, Guam GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York MORRIS K. UDALL, Arizona JAMES McCLURE CLARKE, North Carolina JAIME B. FUSTER, Puerto Rico JAMES H. BILBRAY, Nevada WAYNE OWENS, Utah FOFO I.F. SUNIA, American Samoa JOHN J. BRADY, Jr., Chief of Staff MICKEY HARMON, Staff Assistant MEGAN BOWMAN, Staff Assistant NANCY M. CARMAN, Staff Consultant SUBCOMMITrEE ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE - DON BONKER, Washington, Chairman JAMES H. BILBRAY, Nevada TOBY ROTH, Wisconsin DAN MICA, Florida DOUG BEREUTER, Nebraska HOWARD WOLPE, Michigan JOHN MILLER, Washington SAM GEJDENSON, Connecticut GERALD B.H. SOLOMON, New York HOWARD L. BERMAN, California ROBERT K. DORNAN, California MEL LEVINE, California EDWARD F. FEIGHAN, Ohio CAROLE A. GRUNBERG, Subcommittee Staff Director JENNIFER J. WHITE, Minority Staff Consultant SUE E. ECKERT, Subcommittee Staff Consultant SUBCOMMITrEE ON AFRICA HOWARD WOLPE, Michigan, Chairman GEO. W. CROCKETT, JR., Michigan DAN BURTON, Indiana JAMES McCLURE CLARKE, North Carolina DONALD E. "BUZ" LUKENS, Ohio JAMES H. BILBRAY, Nevada BEN BLAZ, Guam FOFO I.F. SUNIA, American Samoa ROBERT K. DORNAN, California WAYNE OWENS, Utah ST EVEWEISSMAN, Subcommittee Staff Director SAUL SINGER, Minority Staff Consultant ADWOA DUNN-MOUTON, Subcommittee Staff Consultant J. STEPHEN MORRISON, Subcommittee Staff Consultant (11) CONTENTS WITNESSES Page Hon. Chester A. Crocker, Assistant Secretary, Bureau .of African Affairs, D epartm ent of State ................................................................................................... 8 Thomas Donahue, secretary-treasurer, AFL-CIO, accompanied by Pat O'Far- rell, executive director, African-American Labor Center, AFL-CIO, and Peggy Taylor, assistant legislative director, AFL-CIO ......................................... 33 James Motlatsi, president, National Union of Mine Workers (affiliate of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) ............................................ 49 Alan L. Keyes, resident scholar, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC ................... ........................................................ ............................................... 50 James Mndaweni, president, National Council of Trade Unions (NACTU)- South A frica .................................................................................................... 63 Richard E. Sincere, Jr., research associate, Ethics and Public Policy Center, Washington, DC ........................................................................................................... 72 Damu Smith, executive director, Washington Office on Africa .............................. 98 Nicholas Haysom, Center for Applied Legal Studies, University of Witswa- tersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ..................................................................... 122 APPENDIXES 1. Statement submitted by the Associated Students of the University of Cali- fornia at Berkeley, Office of External Affairs, November 2, 1987 .................. 145 2. Statement submitted by Paul A. Mazzuca, director of Peaceful Progress in Sou th A frica .............................................................................................................. 148 3. Ati cle entitled, "The Sanctions Surveys In Search of Ordinary Black Opinion," Indicator SA, Vol. 4, No. 2, Spring 1986, submitted by Repre- sentative Daniel Burton .......................................................................................... 151 4. Article entitled, "Sanctions: Case Against Case," Financial Mail, October 23, 1987, submitted by Representative Daniel Burton ................... 155 5. Correspondence from Norman Kilpatrick, Director, Kanawha Stamp Club, submitted by Representative Don Bonker ........................................................... 157 (11) THE PRESIDENT'S REPORT ON PROGRESS TOWARD ENDING APARTHEID IN SOUTH AFRICA AND THE QUESTION OF FUTURE SANCTIONS THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1987 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, SUBCOMMITTEES ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE, AND ON AFRICA, Washington, DC. The joint hearing met at 10:15 a.m., in room 2172, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Howard Wolpe (chairman of the Sub- committee on Africa) presiding. Mr. WOLPE. The hearing will come to order. I would like to re- quest that members of the press and others to take their seats. Our hearing today will focus on the President's Report on Progress Towards Ending Apartheid in South Africa and the Ques- tion of Further Sanctions. We have an extraordinary group of witnesses with us today, in- cluding not only prominent Americans in and out of government, but also leading South Africans, such as the president of South Af- rica's largest black trade union and the president of South Africa's second largest black trade union federation. On the eve of the President's Report to the Congress, a biparti- san, ideologically diverse group of 33 House Members wrote Presi- dent Reagan saying, and I quote: In light of the abominable and deteriorating situation in South Africa and the un- utilized potential of Western economic leverage in encouraging a negotiated, demo- cratic solution, we urge you to implemefit the law by recommending stronger sanc- tions and leading an international campaign of economic and diplomatic pressure against apartheid. This is essential if the administration is to avoid the impression that it applies one standard of human rights to the Soviet Union and other Commu- nist human rights violators, and quite another to the apartheid regime of South Africa. Regrettably, the President did not heed the appeal of those 17 Republican and 16 Democratic Members of the House. He has re- fused to carry out section 501(c) of the Comprehensive Anti-Apart- heid Act which required him to recommend new sanctions in the absence of significant progress, during the past year, towards ending apartheid and establishing a nonracial democracy. Previously, the administration had failed to implement provi- sions of the Act declaring it American policy to begin negotiations with other industrialized democracies to reach international agree- (1) 2 ments on sanctions. And it had ignored a strong sense of Congress expressed in the Act to mandate U.S. sanctions through the United Nations; in fact, it vetoed such a resolution last spring in the Secu- rity Council. The administration's actions are clearly in conflict with the es- tablished bipartisan congressional consensus on American policy toward South Africa. Ironically, in his report to the Congress, the President himself acknowledges that even limited U.S. and Western sanctions have constituted one of the, and I quote, "major elements in the coun- try's recent poor economic performance and promise to have great- er long-run effects." Similarly, the "messages of outrage and frustration" sent by the United States and other interested nations are said, in the Presi- dent's own report, to have been factors in the recent positive politi- cal ferment in the white Afrikaner community. The law that more than 80 percent of the Members of the House and Senate approved last year provided for the President to aban- don so-called "constructive engagement" and move beyond the static restatement of "values and goals"-the sort of tired rhetoric we heard last month in Secretary of State Shultz's speech. The Congress, in adopting a sanctions program, recognized that constructive engagement compromised not only our values but our political and strategic interests as well. The Congress recognized that the administration's policy of con- fronting South Africa with rhetoric alone has only exacerbated the crisis in South Africa, reinforcing the white minority's fantasy that it can hold onto its monopoly of power indefinitely, free of mount- ing economic costs or deepening international isolation. Thus, the effect of constructive engagement has been to invite much greater violence and bloodshed and to encourage the Afrikaners to resist the negotiations with the black majority
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