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Ptürkiye-FİNLANDİYA İLİŞKİLERİ 1917-1980 Evren KÜÇÜK YÜKSEK

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Ptürkiye-FİNLANDİYA İLİŞKİLERİ 1917-1980 Evren KÜÇÜK YÜKSEK pTÜRKİYE-FİNLANDİYA İLİŞKİLERİ 1917-1980 Evren KÜÇÜK YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI Prof.Dr. Yavuz ASLAN 2011 Her Hakkı Saklıdır ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI Evren KÜÇÜK TÜRKİYE-FİNLANDİYA İLİŞKİLERİ 1917-1980 YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ TEZ YÖNETİCİSİ Prof.Dr. Yavuz ASLAN ERZURUM-2011 √ I İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET.......................................................................................................................... V ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. VI KISALTMALAR VE AÇIKLAMALAR ............................................................... VII ÖNSÖZ ................................................................................................................... VIII GİRİŞ .......................................................................................................................... 1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM FİNLANDİYA’NIN KISA TARİHİ OSMANLI-FİN İLİŞKİLERİ 1.1. FİNLANDİYA’NIN KISA TARİHİ .................................................................... 3 1.2. FİNLANDİYA’NIN BAĞIMSIZLIĞI VE İÇ SAVAŞI .................................... 10 1.3. OSMANLI-FİN İLİŞKİLERİ ............................................................................ 14 1.4. I. DÜNYA HARBİ’NDE TÜRK ESİRLERİ VE FİNLANDİYA ..................... 24 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ VE FİNLANDİYA CUMHURİYETİ ARASINDAKİ SİYASİ İLİŞKİLER 2.1. MUSTAFA KEMAL (ATATÜRK) DÖNEMİ TÜRKİYE-FİNLANDİYA İLİŞKİLERİ .............................................................................................................. 28 2.1.1. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün Ölümü ve Finlandiya’daki Yankıları ............ 44 2.2. İSMET İNÖNÜ DÖNEMİ TÜRKİYE-FİNLANDİYA İLİŞKİLERİ .............. 46 2.3. MANNERHEİM’İN TÜRK DIŞ POLİTİKASINA BAKIŞI VE FİN DIŞ POLİTİKASI ............................................................................................................ 60 2.4. 1950-1960 DÖNEMİ TÜRKİYE-FİNLANDİYA İLİŞKİLERİ ....................... 63 2.5. 1960-1980 DÖNEMİ TÜRKİYE-FİNLANDİYA İLİŞKİLERİ ....................... 69 2.5.1. Finlandiya Cumhurbaşkanı Urho Kaleva Kekkonen’in 1971’de Türkiye Ziyareti ................................................................................................................... 77 2.5.2. CHP Genel Başkanı Bülent Ecevit’in Aralık 1975’te Finlandiya Ziyareti .................................................................................................................. .84 2.5.3. Cumhurbaşkanı Fahri S. Korutürk’ün Nisan 1977’teki Finlandiya Ziyareti ................................................................................................................... 87 II 2.5.4. Başbakan Bülent Ecevit’in Aralık 1978’deki Finlandiya Ziyareti ............. 96 2.5.5. Türk-Fin İlişkilerinde Kıbrıs Meselesi ........................................................ 98 2.6. FİNLANDİYA’NIN AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NE ÜYELİĞİ ................................ 102 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM TÜRKİYE-FİNLANDİYA EKONOMİK İLİŞKİLERİ 3.1. FİNLANDİYA’NIN İKTİSADİ YAPISI ......................................................... 105 3.2. TÜRKİYE-FİNLANDİYA EKONOMİK İLİŞKİLERİNİN BAŞLAMASI VE GELİŞMESİ ............................................................................................................ 116 3.2.1. Finlandiya’nın Türkiye’deki Yatırımları .................................................. 119 3.2.2. Türkiye’nin Finlandiya’daki Yatırımları .................................................. 120 3.2.3. Finlandiya’nın Türkiye’den İthalatı ve İhracatı ....................................... 121 3.2.4. İkili Ticari İlişkilerdeki Sorunlar .............................................................. 124 DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM TÜRKİYE-FİNLANDİYA KÜLTÜREL İLİŞKİLERİ FİNLANDİYA’YA TÜRK İLGİSİ VE AYDINLARIN GÖZÜYLE FİNLANDİYA . 4.1.1. Celal Nuri (İleri) (1882-1938) ..................................................................... 127 4.1.2. Grigoriy Spiridonoviç Petrov (1866-1925) ................................................ 130 4.1.3. Şükûfe Nihal (1896-1973) ........................................................................... 133 4.1.4. Selim Sırrı Tarcan ...................................................................................... 136 4.1.5. Leman Arbatlı ............................................................................................ 137 4.2. FİNLANDİYA’DAKİ TÜRK-TATAR TOPLUMU VE TÜRK-TATAR DERNEKLERİ ....................................................................................................... 138 4.2.1. Suomen Islamilainen Seurakunta (Finlandiya İslam Cemaati)................ 138 4.2.2. Finlandiya Türkleri Birliği ........................................................................ 145 4.2.3. Tampereen Islamilainen Seurakunta (Tampere Cemaati İslamiyesi) ..... 146 4.2.4. Jarvenpaa Cemiyeti ................................................................................... 148 4.2.5. Yolduz (Yıldız) Spor Kulübü ..................................................................... 149 4.2.6. Finlandiya Türk Derneği (Suomen Turkkilainen Yhdistys Ry) ............... 149 4.2.7. Uudenmaan Islam-Kültür Derneği ............................................................ 150 4.3. FİNLANDİYA’DA İSLAMİYET .................................................................... 151 III 4.3.1. İslam Mezarlığı (Islamilainen Hautausmaa) ............................................. 155 4.4. FİNLANDİYA’DA TÜRK İNCELEMELERİ YAPAN KURULUŞLAR ..... 157 4.5. TÜRKİYE’DE GÖREV YAPAN FİNLANDİYALI BİLİM ADAMLARI VE UZMANLAR ........................................................................................................... 161 SONUÇ .................................................................................................................... 164 BİBLİYOGRAFYA ................................................................................................ 166 EKLER ................................................................................................................... 180 Ek 1. Finlandiya Cumhurbaşkanları .................................................................. 180 Ek 2. Helsinki’de Görev Yapan Türk Temsilciler ve Elçiler ............................. 181 Ek 3. Ankara’da Görev Yapan Finli Temsilciler ve Elçiler ................................ 182 Ek 4. Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin 10. uncu yıl etkinliklerinin Finlandiya’da Kutlanması ............................................................................................................ 183 Ek 5. Mannerheim’ın Kuran-ı Kerimin Finceye Çevrilmesinden Dolayı Teşekkür Mektubu ............................................................................................... 184 Ek 6. Finlandiya Cumhurbaşkanı Urho Kaleva Kekkonen ve Cumhurbaşkanı Cevdet Sunay ............................................................................ 185 Ek 7. Finlandiya’daki Türk-Tatar İleri Gelenlerinden ...................................... 186 Ek 8. Finlandiya Türklerinin Dernek Binası ....................................................... 187 Ek 9. Helsinki’deki Türk-Tatar Mezarlığı ......................................................... 188 Ek 10. Altın Ordan Oyuncuları............................................................................ 189 Ek 11. Finlandiya Türklerinin Villa Traskkulla’daki Yaz Okulu Etkinlikleri . 190 Ek 12. Türk-Tatar Mezarlığı, II. Dünya Harbinde Şehit Olan Finlandiya Türkleri için Yaptırılan Anıt ................................................................................ 191 Ek 13. Sadri Maksudi ve Yusuf Akçura Finlandiya’da ...................................... 192 Ek 14. Helsinki’deki Senato Meydanında Çar II. Aleksandr’ın Heykeli .......... 193 Ek 15. General Mannerheim’in Heykeli .............................................................. 194 Ek 16. Finlandiya’nın simgelerinden biri olan Protestan Kilisesi ...................... 195 Ek 17. Finlandiya’daki Ortodoks Kilisesi ............................................................ 196 Ek 18. Suomen Islam-Seurakunta, Finlandiya İslam Cemaati’nin Arması ...... 197 Ek 19. Turku (Åbo) Mezarlığının Kapısı ............................................................. 198 Ek 20.Finlandiya Körfezini ve Petersburg Civarlarını Gösteren Harita ........... 199 Ek 21. Zuhur Tahir Bey’in Başbakan Adnan Menderes’e Mektubu ................. 200 IV Ek 22. Finlandiya’nın Cenevre Mukavelatına Girme İsteği ve Osmanlı Devletinin Cevabı ................................................................................................. 201 Ek 23. Cumhuriyet’in 25. Yıl Döneminde Finlandiya Ankara Büyükelçisi Yrjö Koskinen’in Raporu .................................................................................... 202 Ek 24. Väinö Tanner’in Refet Paşa ile Görüşmesine Dair Raporu .................... 203 Ek 25. Rus-Fin Harbi 1939 ................................................................................... 204 Ek 26. Kızıl Ordunun Finlandiya’ya Saldırısı .................................................... 205 Ek 27. Rus-Fin Harbi ........................................................................................... 206 Ek 28. Türkiye-Finlandiya İthalat ve İhracat Oranları ..................................... 207 Ek 29. Türkiye'de Temsilciliği Bulunan Bazı Finli Firmalar.............................. 208 Ek 30. Finlandiya Ankara Büyükelçisi Klaus Castren’in Anıtkabir Özel Defterine Yazdıkları ............................................................................................
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