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NATO and Afghanistan
NATO and Afghanistan NATO led the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan from August 2003 to December 2014. ISAF was deployed at the request of the country’s authorities and mandated by the United Nations. Its mission was to enable the Afghan authorities to provide effective security across the country and ensure that the country would never again be a safe haven for terrorists. ISAF conducted security operations, while also training and developing the Afghan security forces. Following a three-year transition process during which the Afghans gradually took the lead for security across the country, ISAF’s mission was completed at the end of 2014. With that, Afghans assumed full responsibility for security. It is now fully in the hands of the country’s 352,000 soldiers and police, which ISAF helped train over the past years. However, support for the continued development of the Afghan security forces and institutions and wider cooperation with Afghanistan continue. ISAF helped create a secure environment for improving governance and socio-economic development, which are important conditions for sustainable stability. Afghanistan has made the largest percentage gain of any country in basic health and development indicators over the past decade. Maternal mortality is going down and life expectancy is rising. There is a vibrant media scene. Millions of people have exercised their right to vote in five election cycles since 2004, most recently in the 2014 presidential and provincial council elections, which resulted in the establishment of a National Unity Government. While the Afghan security forces have made a lot of progress, they still need international support as they continue to develop. -
Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law — Volume 18, 2015 Correspondents’ Reports
YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW — VOLUME 18, 2015 CORRESPONDENTS’ REPORTS 1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Contents Overview – United States Enforcement of International Humanitarian Law ............................ 1 Cases – United States Federal Court .......................................................................................... 3 Cases – United States Military Courts – Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF) ...... 4 Cases — United States Military Courts – United States Army ................................................. 4 Cases — United States Military Courts – United States Marine Corps .................................... 5 Issues — United States Department of Defense ........................................................................ 6 Issues — United States Army .................................................................................................... 8 Issues —United States Navy .................................................................................................... 11 Issues — United States Marine Corps ..................................................................................... 12 Overview – United States Detention Practice .......................................................................... 12 Detainee Challenges – United States District Court ................................................................ 13 US Military Commission Appeals ........................................................................................... 16 Court of Appeals for the -
1950-1960 Arası Türkiye'de Uygulanan Sosyo-Ekonomik Politikalar
Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute Yıl/Year: 2012 Cilt/Volume: 9 Sayı/Issue: 19, s. 47-63 1950-1960 ARASI TÜRKİYE’DE UYGULANAN SOSYO-EKONOMİK POLİTİKALAR Arş. Gör. Osman Cenk KANCA Kafkas Üniversitesi İİBF, İktisat Bölümü, [email protected] Özet Demokrat Parti 1950 yılında 27 yıllık tek parti iktidarına seçimle son vermiştir. DP iktidarı döneminde siyaset, halkın tabanına yayılmış böylelikle Türk siyasal hayatına pozitif katkıda bulunurken baskıcı devletçi anlayıştan milli, liberal bir sosyo-ekonomik yapının doğmasını sağlamıştır. Tarım reformu, dış ticaretin serbestleştirilmesi, yatırım harcamalarının yükselişi, sanayileşmede özel sektöre öncülük verme, işçilere yönelik sosyal politika yasalarının çıkarılması dönemin en belirgin özellikleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’de katı politik yapı son bulmuş ve ülke tarihinin en önemli değişimine tanık olmuştur. Çalışmada DP dönemindeki sosyo-ekonomik politikalar incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme gerçekleştirilirken bazı makro ekonomik göstergelerden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bir durum tespit araştırması olmasından hareketle anılan dönemin ilk yarısında gerek sosyal gerekse ekonomik gidişatın iyi olduğu izlenmiştir. Ancak dönemin ikinci yarısı itibariyle üstteki gelişmelerin tam anlamıyla sağlanabildiğini söylemek güçtür. Anahtar Kelimeler: Demokrat Parti, Sosyo-Ekonomik Politikalar, Siyasal Tarih, Adnan Menderes. SOCIO-ECONOMIC POLICIES APPLIED IN TURKEY BETWEEN THE YEARS OF 1950-1960 -
Turkey's Islamists: from Power-Sharing to Political
TURKEY’S ISLAMISTS: FROM POWER-SHARING TO POLITICAL INCUMBENCY The complex relationship between political Islam and the Turkish state – from political exclusion in the early Republican era, to power-sharing in the post-World War II multi-party era, to political incumbency in the 2000s – was crowned by AKP’s landslide electoral victory in 2002. The author debunks two myths regarding this relationship: first, that Kemalism enjoyed a monopoly of political power for decades and second, that Islamists achieved victory in 2002 after being the regime’s sole opposition. According to the author, Turkey’s failed Middle East policy can be attributed to AKP’s misconception that its Islamic counterparts would achieve power after the Arab uprisings just as they had done in Turkey in 2002. Behlül Özkan* Spring 2015 * Dr. Behlül Özkan is an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Marmara University, Istanbul. 71 VOLUME 14 NUMBER 1 BEHLÜL ÖZKAN he 1995 elections in Turkey, in which the Islamist Welfare Party (Refah Partisi) won the most votes, garnered much attention both in Turkey and abroad. Welfare Party leader Necmettin Erbakan took office as T prime minister the following year, the first time in the country’s histo- ry that an Islamist had occupied an executive position. Erbakan was subsequently forced out of office in the “post-modern coup” of 28 February 1997, widely inter- preted as a sign that achieving power by democratic means was still impossible for Islamists. Prominent Islamists such as current President and former Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan have often declared themselves to be the victims of the February 28 coup, which they cite as an instance of the perpetual repression faced by Islamists and their political constituencies since the founding of the Republic. -
12 TEMMUZ BEYANNAMESİ'nin SİYASAL ETKİLERİ VE ÖNEMİ Siyasal Hayatımızda Çatışma Çözümüne Bir Başarı Örneğ
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü DergisiYıl: 2012/2, Sayı:16 Journal of Süleyman Demirel University Institute of Social SciencesYear: 2012/2, Number:16 12 TEMMUZ BEYANNAMESİ’NİN SİYASAL ETKİLERİ VE ÖNEMİ Siyasal Hayatımızda Çatışma Çözümüne Bir Başarı Örneği Hüseyin ŞEYHANLIOĞLU ÖZET Türkiye, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra kurulan iki kutuplu dünya düzeninde Sovyetler Birliği’nden kaynaklanan tehdit, toplumsal değişim ihtiyacı, tek parti zihniyetinin sürdürülemezliği ve demokratik ülkeler safının ön şartı olarak altı ay içinde çok partili siyasal hayata geçmiştir. Ancak tek partinin otoriter politikacıları, kurumları ve bürokratları bir muhalefetin yaşamasını imkânsız hale getirmişti. Bu süreçte Cumhurbaşkanı İsmet İnönü, iktidar ve muhalefet partileri arasına tarafsız olarak girmiş ve muhalefetin de iktidar kadar yasal olduğunu belirten, 12 Temmuz Beyannamesi’ni yayımlamıştır. Bu makalenin amacı siyasi tarihimizde iktidar muhalefet ilişkilerinin kilitlendiği durumlara bir başarı örneği olarak gösterilen, 12 Temmuz Beyannamesi’nin önemini ve siyasal etkilerini analiz etmektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Demokrat Parti, 12 Temmuz Beyannamesi, İsmet İnönü. THE POLITICAL EFFECTS AND IMPORTANCE OF TWELVE JULY DECLARATION A Success Example of Conflict Resolutıon In Our Political Life ABSTRACT Following World War II, Turkey’s transition into multy-party political life occured within six months, which is a pre-condition of democratic countries. However, single-party regime’s institutions, bureaucrats and politicians made it impossible for a real opposition to come true in a short time. President İsmet İnönü, mediated impartially between the ruling and opposition parties, and pointed out that the opposition also was as legitimate as the ruling power. The subject of this article is to analyze national and international dimensions of the declaration of 12 July 1947, which is regarded as an examplary of success in the situations when the ruling power and opposition relations were in a stalemate in our political life. -
Afghanistan ORBAT
COALITION COMBAT AND ADVISORY FORCES IN AFGHANISTAN AFGHANISTAN ORDER OF BATTLE BY WESLEY MORGAN February 1, 2016 This document describes the composition and placement of U.S. and other Western forces in Afghanistan down to battalion level. It includes advisory and ?white? special operations units, as well as many of the units that support them: artillery, engineers, explosive ordnance disposal, aviation, but not some other categories such as logistics, medical, and intelligence units, and ?black? special operations forces. Some of the organizational changes that accompanied the December 2014 transition from NATO?s International Security Assistance Force to the Resolute Support Mission and from the U.S. Operation Enduring Freedom to Operation Freedom?s Sentinel remain unclear which U.S. units, for example, fall under Operation Freedom?s Sentinel but not under the Resolute Support Mission. Resolute Support Mission / United States Forces - Afghanistan (Gen. Mick Nicholson, USA) - Camp Resolute Support, Kabul TF Red Warrior / 1-187 Infantry (Lt. Col. Josh Bookout, USA) - Bagram Airfield; Theater Reserve Force 1 Kabul Security Force (Brigadier Ian Thomas, UK) - Camp Souter, Kabul; force protection for Resolute Support facilities and personnel in Kabul 2 1 Royal Irish Regiment (UK) - Camp Souter, Kabul; British element of Kabul Protection Unit 3 TF White Currahee / 2-506 Infantry (USA) - New Kabul Compound; U.S. element of Kabul Protection Unit 4 Special Operations Joint Task Force - Afghanistan / NATO Special Operations Component Command -
Counting Dollars Or Measuring Value: Assessing NATO And
JULY 2018 Counting Dollars or Measuring Value Assessing NATO and Partner Burden Sharing AUTHORS Kathleen H. Hicks Jeffrey Rathke Seamus P. Daniels Michael Matlaga Laura Daniels Andrew Linder A Report of the CSIS INTERNATIONAL SECURITY PROGRAM JULY 2018 Counting Dollars or Measuring Value Assessing NATO and Partner Burden Sharing AUTHORS KATHLEEN H. HICKS JEFFREY RATHKE SEAMUS P. DANIELS MICHAEL MATLAGA LAURA DANIELS ANDREW LINDER A Report of the CSIS INTERNATIONAL SECURITY PROGRAM About CSIS For over 50 years, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has worked to develop solutions to the world’s greatest policy challenges. Today, CSIS scholars are providing strategic insights and bipartisan policy solutions to help decisionmakers chart a course toward a better world. CSIS is a nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Center’s 220 fulltime staff and large network of affiliated scholars conduct research and analysis and develop policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Founded at the height of the Cold War by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke, CSIS was dedicated to finding ways to sustain American prominence and prosperity as a force for good in the world. Since 1962, CSIS has become one of the world’s preeminent international institutions focused on defense and security; regional stability; and transnational challenges ranging from energy and climate to global health and economic integration. Thomas J. Pritzker was named chairman of the CSIS Board of Trustees in November 2015. Former U.S. deputy secretary of defense John J. Hamre has served as the Center’s president and chief executive officer since 2000. -
The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2021
PERSONS • OF THE YEAR • The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • B The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • i The Muslim 500: The World’s 500 Most Influential Chief Editor: Prof S Abdallah Schleifer Muslims, 2021 Editor: Dr Tarek Elgawhary ISBN: print: 978-9957-635-57-2 Managing Editor: Mr Aftab Ahmed e-book: 978-9957-635-56-5 Editorial Board: Dr Minwer Al-Meheid, Mr Moustafa Jordan National Library Elqabbany, and Ms Zeinab Asfour Deposit No: 2020/10/4503 Researchers: Lamya Al-Khraisha, Moustafa Elqabbany, © 2020 The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre Zeinab Asfour, Noora Chahine, and M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin 20 Sa’ed Bino Road, Dabuq PO BOX 950361 Typeset by: Haji M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin Amman 11195, JORDAN www.rissc.jo All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro- duced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanic, including photocopying or recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Views expressed in The Muslim 500 do not necessarily reflect those of RISSC or its advisory board. Set in Garamond Premiere Pro Printed in The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Calligraphy used throughout the book provided courte- sy of www.FreeIslamicCalligraphy.com Title page Bismilla by Mothana Al-Obaydi MABDA • Contents • INTRODUCTION 1 Persons of the Year - 2021 5 A Selected Surveyof the Muslim World 7 COVID-19 Special Report: Covid-19 Comparing International Policy Effectiveness 25 THE HOUSE OF ISLAM 49 THE -
The Peace Conference of Lausanne (1922-1923)
Bern 1923 - 2008 With the kind support of: Mrs Ionna Ertegiin Mrs Selma Goksel Tiirkiye I~ Bankasi Anadolu Ajans1 Thanks to: Onur Ozc;:eri (Research, text and layout) Agathon Aerni (research) Tuluy Tanc;: (editing) © Embassy of Turkey, Bern 85 years of representation of the Republic of Turkey in Switzerland (1923-2008) The Embassy of the Republic of Turkey, Bern ~u6tic offJ'urk,ey rrfie (Jlresufent It is no coincidence that the Republic of Turkey purchased its first Embassy premises abroad, in Switzerland's capital, Bern, to establish the seat of its diplomatic representation. The negotiation of a peace treaty and its successful outcome took the shape of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. The Treaty of Lausanne left an indelible mark in our memory. The aspiration of the Turkish nation to live as a free and independent people is thus anchored in Switzerland, a land that earned the reputation for fairness, equity and justice. The subsequent adoption in 1926 of a Civil Code based on the Swiss example, the Montreux Convention negotiated in 1936 in Switzerland giving full sovereignty on the Turkish Straits and other events have solidified this perception. I am therefore particularly pleased that the roots of the friendship bonds between Turkey and Switzerland and the main events associating Switzerland to Turkey have been compiled in a book. The book also illustrates the reciprocal attention and like minded approaches of both Turkey and Switzerland to further promote bilateral relations between two democracies and to facilitate the realization of aspirations of peace. I would like to express my thanks to the President of the Swiss Confederation, His Excellency Pascal Couchepin and to all who have contributed to the realization of this book. -
ICC-02/17 Date: 20 November 2017 PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER III Before
ICC-02/17-7-Red 20-11-2017 1/181 NM PT ras Original: English No.: ICC-02/17 Date: 20 November 2017 PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER III Before: Judge Antoine Kesia-Mbe Mindua, Presiding Judge Judge Chang-ho Chung Judge Raul C. Pangalangan SITUATION IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN PUBLIC with confidential, EX PARTE, Annexes 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4A, 4B, 4C, 6, public Annexes 4, 5 and 7, and public redacted version of Annex 1-Conf-Exp Public redacted version of “Request for authorisation of an investigation pursuant to article 15”, 20 November 2017, ICC-02/17-7-Conf-Exp Source: Office of the Prosecutor ICC-02/17-7-Red 20-11-2017 2/181 NM PT Document to be notified in accordance with regulation 31 of the Regulations of the Court to: The Office of the Prosecutor Counsel for the Defence Mrs Fatou Bensouda Mr James Stewart Mr Benjamin Gumpert Legal Representatives of the Victims Legal Representatives of the Applicants Unrepresented Victims Unrepresented Applicants (Participation/Reparation) The Office of Public Counsel for The Office of Public Counsel for the Victims Defence States’ Representatives Amicus Curiae REGISTRY Registrar Defence Support Section Mr Herman von Hebel Victims and Witnesses Unit Detention Section Mr Nigel Verrill No. ICC- 02/17 2/181 20 November 2017 ICC-02/17-7-Red 20-11-2017 3/181 NM PT I. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 6 II. Confidentiality ................................................................................................. -
Lessons from Others for Future U.S. Army Operations in and Through the Information Environment CASE STUDIES
C O R P O R A T I O N Lessons from Others for Future U.S. Army Operations in and Through the Information Environment CASE STUDIES Christopher Paul, Colin P. Clarke, Michael Schwille, Jakub P. Hlávka, Michael A. Brown, Steven S. Davenport, Isaac R. Porche III, Joel Harding For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1925z2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9997-6 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2018 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover photos (clockwise from top left): Giorgio Montersino via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0); U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Adawn Kelsey; U.S. Air Force photo by Tech Sgt John Gordinier; U.S. Air National Guard photo by Master Sgt Andrew J. Moseley; Russian Ministry of Defence (CC BY 4.0); North Korean national media Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. -
Tarih Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başlangiçtan Bugüne Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hükümetleri
T.C. KÜLTÜR VE TURİZM BAKANLIĞI TÜRKİYE KÜLTÜR PORTALI PROJESİ TARİH TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ BAŞLANGIÇTAN BUGÜNE TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ HÜKÜMETLERİ Prof. Dr. Abdulhaluk Mehmet ÇAY 2009 ANKARA 6.8. Başlangıçtan Bugüne Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hükümetleri Muvakkat İcra Encümeni (25 Nisan 1920-3 Mayıs 1920) İcra Vekilleri Heyeti Reisi Mustafa Kemal Paşa, TBMM Reisi Celalettin Arif Bey, Erzurum Cami Bey (Baykut), Aydın Bekir Sami Bey (Kunduh), Amasya Hamdullah Suphi Bey (Tanrıöver), Antalya Hakkı Behiç Bey (Bayiç), Denizli İsmet Bey (İnönü), Edirne I. İcra Vekilleri Heyeti “1. TBMM Hükümeti” (Mustafa Kemal Paşa) (3 Mayıs 1920-24 Ocak 1921) Bakanlığı Adı Soyadı Seçim Bölgesi İcra Vekilleri Heyeti Reisi Mustafa Kemal Paşa (Başbakan) Umuru Şeriye Vekili Mustafa Fehmi Efendi Bursa (Diyanet Bakanı) (Gerçeker) Cami Bey (Baykut) Aydın Dahiliye Umuru Vekili Hakkı Behiç Bey (Bayiç) Denizli (İçişleri Bakanı) Nazım Bey (Resmor) Tokat Refet Bey (Bele) İzmir Adliye Vekili Celalettin Arif Bey Erzurum 2 (Adalet Bakanı) Nafıa Vekili İsmail Fazıl Paşa (Cebesoy) Yozgat (Bayındırlık Bakanı) Ömer Lütfü Bey (Argeşo) Amasya Hariciye Vekili Bekir Sami Bey (Kunduh) Amasya (Dışişleri Bakanı) Sıhhiye ve Muavenet-i İçtimaiye Vekili Adnan Bey (Adıvar) İstanbul (Sağlık ve Sosyal Yardım Bakanı) İktisat Vekili Yusuf Kemal Bey (Tengirşenk) Kastamonu (Ekonomi Bakanı) Müdafaa-i Milliye Vekili Fevzi Paşa (Çakmak) Kozan (Milli Savunma Bakanı) Bakanlığı Adı Soyadı Seçim Bölgesi Erkân-ı Harbiye-i Umumiye Vekili İsmet Bey (İnönü) Edirne (Genelkurmay Başkanı) Maliye Vekili Hakkı Behiç Bey