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Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Bath PHD A Political Economy of Insecurity? State and Socio-Economic Actors in the Making of Industrial Relations in Modern Turkey Ozkiziltan, Didem Award date: 2014 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 04. Oct. 2021 A Political Economy of Insecurity? State and Socio-Economic Actors in the Making of Industrial Relations in Modern Turkey Didem Ozkiziltan A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Bath Department of Social and Policy Sciences September 2013 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with the author. A copy of this thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that they must not copy it or use material from it except as permitted by law or with the consent of the author. This thesis may be made available for consultation within the University Library and may be photocopied or lent to other libraries for the purposes of consultation with effect from………………. Signed on behalf of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ 4 LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. 5 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... 7 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................. 8 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 9 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Turkish Industrial Relations in a Nutshell: From 1960s to 1980s ............... 10 1.3 The Political Economy of Industrial relations in Turkey: Investigating the Roots of Insecurity ................................................................................... 17 1.4 Research Questions and Structure of the Thesis ......................................... 26 CHAPTER 2: POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INSECURITY: A CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ............................. 29 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 29 2.2 Security as a Concept .................................................................................. 30 2.2.1 Security as a Power Resource ............................................................... 31 2.2.2 Security as an Institutional Outcome .................................................... 33 2.2.3 Security as an Institutional Rationale ................................................... 36 2.3 Political Economy of Security/Insecurity in Industrial Relations ............... 39 2.3.1 Power Resources of Actors in Industrial Relations: A Theoretical Background for Insecurity in Capitalist-Democratic Societies ............ 42 2.3.2 Institution Building in Industrial Relations: Rational and Practical Arrangements in the Organisation of Policy Making ........................... 50 2.3.3 Flexible employment arrangements and labour movements: Challenge or opportunity? ..................................................................................... 56 2.3.4 Political Economy of Security/Insecurity: Making Security/Insecurity an Institutional Rationale in Industrial Relations ................................. 61 2.3.5 Industrial Relations and the Capitalist State: The State as an Actor Placing Security/Insecurity within a Regulatory Framework .............. 69 2.4 Discussion & Conclusion ............................................................................ 74 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ................................................................ 76 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 76 3.2 Employing Historical Institutionalism in an Industrial Relations Study ..... 76 3.3 Design of the Study ..................................................................................... 84 3.4 Data Sources, Research Limitations and Ethical Considerations ................ 95 3.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 96 CHAPTER 4: THE MONO-PARTY PERIOD (1923-45) .......................... 97 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 97 4.2 Legacy of the Ottoman Empire: A Background .......................................... 97 1 4.3 The Political Economy of Industry and Industrial Relations in the Mono- Party Period .............................................................................................. 99 4.3.1 Actors .................................................................................................. 100 4.3.1.1 State .............................................................................................. 100 4.3.1.1.1 Power and Ideology ............................................................... 101 4.3.1.1.2 Economy ................................................................................ 104 4.3.1.2 Capital .......................................................................................... 107 4.3.1.3 Labour .......................................................................................... 110 4.3.2 Interests ............................................................................................... 116 4.3.3 Interactions ......................................................................................... 123 4.4 Discussion & Conclusion .......................................................................... 128 CHAPTER 5: THE MULTI-PARTY PERIOD (1945-1960) .................... 132 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 132 5.2 The Political Economy of Insecurity in Industrial Relations .................... 133 5.2.1 Actors .................................................................................................. 133 5.2.1.1 State .............................................................................................. 133 5.2.1.1.1 Power, the Political Atmosphere and Ideology in the Era..... 136 5.2.1.1.2 Political Economy of Economic Development ..................... 138 5.2.1.1.3 The State as a Rule Maker in Industrial Relations ................ 141 5.2.1.2 Capital .......................................................................................... 144 5.2.1.3 Labour .......................................................................................... 147 5.2.1.3.1 Labour Migration and Urban Labour Markets in the Post-War Period .......................................................................................... 147 5.2.1.3.2 Labour as an Actor in Industrial Relations ............................ 150 5.2.2 Interests ............................................................................................... 154 5.2.2.1 State .............................................................................................. 154 5.2.2.2 Capital .......................................................................................... 158 5.2.2.3 Labour .......................................................................................... 161 5.2.3 Interactions ......................................................................................... 165 5.3 Discussion & Conclusion .......................................................................... 171 CHAPTER 6: THE PLANNED ECONOMY PERIOD ............................ 174 6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 174 6.2 The Political Economy of (In)security in Industrial Relations .................. 175 6.2.1 Actors .................................................................................................. 175 6.2.1.1 State .............................................................................................. 175 6.2.1.1.1 Power, Political Atmosphere and Ideology in the Era .......... 180 6.2.1.1.2 Political Economy of Industrialisation .................................. 184 6.2.1.1.3 The State as a Rule Maker in Industrial Relations ................ 187 6.2.2 Capital ................................................................................................. 190 6.2.2.1.1 State of the Private Industry
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