Still Waters run deep

Vapour, Vacuum and Pot – and the impact on mouth-feel and aroma

Distilling Techniques with Sam Carter and David T Smith

SCIENCE AND NATURE. HOW CHEMICAL ANALYSIS CAN HELP GIN DISTILLERS TO ENSURE BOTANICAL QUALITY, CONTROL AND ASSURANCE.

HENRIC MOLIN FOUNDER AND OWNER SPIRIT OF HVEN

SAFETY

UALITY Q CONSISTENCY

LANDED COST MOST GIN ALL GIN MANY GIN

CORIANDER WATER ANGELICA CITRUS ETHANOL CASSIA BARK JUNIPER CARDAMOM CHAMOMILE LIQUORICE ORRIS ROOT

KINGDOM DIVISION CLASS ORDER FAMILY PLANTAE PINOPHYTA PINOPSIDA PINALES CUPRESSACEAE

JUNIPERUS JUNIPERUS JUNIPERUS SABINAS (NEW WORLD) JUNIPERUS SABINAS (OLD WORLD) NEEDLE-LEAF JUNIPERS SCALE-LEAF JUNIPERS SCALE-LEAF JUNIPERS GENUS JUNIPERUS ANGOSTURANA JUNIPERUS CHINENSIS JUNIPERUS JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS JUNIPERUS ASHEI JUNIPERUS CONVALLIUM JUNIPERUS ARIZONICA JUNIPERUS EXCELSA COMMON JUNIPER JUNIPERUS BARBADENSIS JUNIPERUS EXCELSA JUNIPERUS CONFERTA JUNIPERUS BERMUDIANA JUNIPERUS FOETIDISSIMA SHORE JUNIPER JUNIPERUS BLANCOI JUNIPERUS INDICA JUNIPERUS RIGIDA JUNIPERUS CALIFORNICA JUNIPERUS KOMAROVII JUNIPERUS COAHUILENSIS JUNIPERUS PHOENICEA SPECIES TEMPLE JUNIPER JUNIPERUS COMITANA JUNIPERUS PINGII ~67 VARIETIES JUNIPERUS OXYCEDRUS JUNIPERUS DEPPEANA JUNIPERUS PROCERA JUNIPERUS BREVIFOLIA JUNIPERUS DURANGENSIS JUNIPERUS PROCUMBENS JUNIPERUS CEDRUS JUNIPERUS FLACCIDA JUNIPERUS PSEUDOSABINA JUNIPERUS DELTOIDES JUNIPERUS GAMBOANA JUNIPERUS RECURVA JUNIPERUS HORIZONTALIS JUNIPERUS SABINA JUNIPERUS FORMOSANA JUNIPERUS JALISCANA JUNIPERUS SALTUARIA JUNIPERUS LUTCHUENSIS JUNIPERUS MARITIMA JUNIPERUS SEMIGLOBOSA JUNIPERUS NAVICULARIS JUNIPERUS MONOSPERMA JUNIPERUS SQUAMATA JUNIPERUS OXYCEDRUS JUNIPERUS MONTICOLA JUNIPERUS THURIFERA JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS JUNIPERUS TIBETICA JUNIPERUS MACROCARPA JUNIPERUS OSTEOSPERMA JUNIPERUS WALLICHIANA JUNIPERUS CARYOCEDRUS JUNIPERUS PINCHOTII JUNIPERUS DRUPACEA JUNIPERUS SALTILLENSIS JUNIPERUS SCOPULORUM JUNIPERUS STANDLEYI JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA JUNIPERUS ZANONII

KINGDOM DIVISION CLASS ORDER FAMILY PLANTAE EUDICOTS ASTERIDS APIALES APIACEAE

CORIANDRUM SATIVUM CORINDRUM TORDYLIUM CILANTRO WILD CORIANDER GENUS

CORIANDRUM CULTIVATED, ANNUAL HERB. WILD SPECIE. ALL PARTS OF THE PLANT ARE EDIBLE.

SPECIES 2 KINGDOM DIVISION CLASS ORDER FAMILY PLANTAE EUDICOTS ROSIDS SAPINDALES RUTACEAE

ORIGINAL VARIETIES HYBRIDS AND CULTIVARS HYBRIDS AND CULTIVARS SUBFAMILY CITRUS CRENATIFOLIA MAXIMA BASED RETICULATA BASED AURANTIOIDEAE CITRUS JAPONICA CITRUS ×NATSUDAIDAI CITRUS ×AURANTIUM CITRUS MANGSHANENSIS CAM SÀNH CITRUS ×MYRTIFOLIA CITRUS MAXIMA CITRUS GRANDIS OSBECK CITRUS ×CLEMENTINA CITRUS MEDICA CITRUS ×PARADISI CITRUS ×RESHNI CITRUS IMPERIAL LEMON CITRUS ×DAIDAI CITRUS RETICULATA KINNOW CITRUS ×DELICIOSA CITRUS TRIFOLIATA KIYOMI CITRUS ×MEYERI TRIBE CITRUS ×LIMON CITRUS ×UNSHIU AUSTRALIAN LIMES CITREAE MINNEOLA TANGELO CITRUS ×TANGERINA CITRUS AUSTRALASICA ORANGELO CITRUS ×JUNOS CITRUS AUSTRALIS OROBLANCO CITRUS GLAUCA UNRESOLVED HERITAGE CITRUS ×SINENSIS CITRUS GARRAWAYAE CITRUS ×MACROPHYLLA CITRUS ×TANGELO CITRUS GRACILIS CITRUS ×AMBLYCARPA CITRUS ×NOBILIS CITRUS INODORA CITRUS ×PENNIVESICULATA UGLI GENUS CITRUS WARBURGIANA CITRUS TAMURANA CITRUS CITRUS WINTERSII CITRUS MEDICA-BASED CITRUS ×ICHANGENSIS CITRUS SARCODACTYLUS CITRUS ×IYO PAPEDAS CITRON CITRUS ×HYSTRIX CITRUS HALIMII CITRUS ×LIMONIMEDICA CITRUS ×LIMETTA CITRUS INDICA CITRUS ×LIMON CITRUS ×LATIFOLIA CITRUS MACROPTERA CITRUS ×AURANTIIFOLIA CITRUS ×TACHIBANA CITRUS MICRANTHA LUMIA CITRUS LATIPES RHOBS EL ARSA YEMENITE CITRON C. RETICULATA C. MAXIMA C. MEDICA C. MICRANTHA MANDARIN POMELO CITRON KAFFIR LIME

C. SINENSIS C. AURANTIUM C. DELICIOSA C. RETICULATA SWEET ORANGE SOUR ORANGE WILLOWLEAF MANDARIN PONKAN

C. CLEMENTINA C. PARADIS C. LIMON C. AURANTIFOLIA CLEMENTINE MANDARIN GRAPEFRUIT LEMON MEXICAN LIME ORGANOLEPTIC

MICROSCOPY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY (AKA ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY ANALYSIS) POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

Alpha-pinene Caryophyllene pine, resinous, minty spicy, clove, peppery

Ethanol transparent

Limonene Linalool citrus, orange, sweet citrus, waxy, woody, rose This GCMS method was used to analyze Juniper, Coriander and Citrus was done as shown below. Fingerprint_1 substance Ret. Time 3-Thujene 7,319 JUNIPER COMMUNIS alpha.-Pinene 7,420 Camphene 7,634 beta.-Phellandrene 7,899 LA01799 Enbär ADRI (-)-.beta.-Pinene 7,968 beta.-Myrcene 8,059 alpha.-Terpinene 8,388 o-Cymene 8,464 D-Limonene 8,516 gamma.-Terpinene 8,801 2-Carene 9,072 alpha.-Campholenal 9,452 L-Pinocarveol 9,610 LA01800 Enbär 10489PL (S)-cis-Verbenol 9,666 p-Mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol 9,859 (-)-Terpinen-4-ol 9,922 alpha.-Terpineol 10,032 Myrtenol 10,060 Verbenone 10,161 p-Cymen-8-ol 10,304 Bornyl acetate 10,726 alpha.-Cubebene 11,198 alpha.-Copaene 11,427 LA01801 Enbär 10601BG beta.-Elemene 11,492 gamma.-Muurolene 11,625 Caryophyllene 11,758 (E)-.beta.-Famesene 11,850 Humulene 11,995 Copaene 12,079 Germacrene D 12,150 alpha.-Muurolene 12,221 delta.-Cadinene 12,343 Germacrene B 12,635 (-)-Spathulenol 12,765 Caryophyllene oxide 12,820 Caryophyllene oxide 12,981 Di-epi-.alpha.-cedrene 13,050 (-)-.delta.-Cadinol 13,136 alpha.-Cadinol 13,206 JUNIPER COMMUNIS

(x1,000,000)

2.25 B-myrcene Terpinen-4-ol 2.00 A-pinene

1.75 Limonene Linalool

1.50

1.25

1.00

0.75

0.50 ALPHA-PINENE 0.25

7.00 7.25 7.50 7.75 8.00 8.25 8.50 8.75 9.00 9.25 9.50 9.75 10.00 10.25 10.50

(x1,000,000) substance Rt 1799 1800 1801 juniper Area Area Area 2.25 LA01799 = Blue alpha.-Pinene 7,42 1624786 8712140 2398423 2.00 LA01800 = Pink beta.-Pinene 7,97 133947 563344 175396

1.75 LA01801 = Black Humulene Caryophyllene D-Cadinene cadinol beta.-Myrcene 8,06 493162 2022972 682633 D-Limonene 8,52 174621 857283 346832 1.50 gamma.-Terpinene 8,80 92587 511298 199501 1.25 Linalool 9,86 49678 57492 56393

1.00 Terpinen-4-ol 9,92 21987 401026 73166 Caryophyllene 11,76 54166 163084 34900 0.75 Humulene 11,99 36784 139923 31105 0.50 Germacrene D 12,16 50574 146066 46622

0.25 delta.-Cadinene 12,34 44708 466181 57245 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00 12.25 12.50 12.75 13.00 13.25 13.50 cadinol13.75 14.00 13,12 36582 89912 21105

MYRCENE JUNIPER COMMUNIS Extraction from juniper 1799, 1800 and 1801 Enbär 1799 1800 1801 10000000 Area Area Area 8000000 alpha.-Pinene 1624786 8712140 2398423 beta.-Pinene 133947 563344 175396 6000000 beta.-Myrcene 493162 2022972 682633 With alpha-pinene 4000000 D-Limonene 174621 857283 346832 gamma.-Terpinene 92587 511298 199501 2000000 Linalool 49678 57492 56393 Terpinen-4-ol 21987 401026 73166 0 Caryophyllene 54166 163084 34900 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2500000 Germacrene D 50574 146066 46622 delta.-Cadinene 44708 466181 57245 2000000 Humulene 36784 139923 31105 1500000 Without alpha-pinene 1000000

500000

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 CORIANDER SATIVUM

LA01802 Ret.Time LA01802 LA01803 LA01812 alpha.-Pinene 7.421 2329132 242176 616250 Camphene 7.634 378360 0 181568 beta.-Phellandrene 7.899 130145 79772 56404 beta.-Pinene 7.967 194576 79772 92797 beta.-Myrcene 8.068 345999 54983 22218 o-Cymene 8.465 522522 27674 247768 LA01803 D-Limonene 8.516 878346 90271 37070 gamma.-Terpinene 8.798 2908995 25822 1275963 2-Carene 9.073 165360 31005 44114 3057775 1727200 Linalool 9.161 3 9175977 6 (+)-2-Bornanone 9.664 2019256 44225 1020835 Terpinen-4-ol 9.931 87319 0 85342 alpha.-Terpineol 10.039 128855 18910 81647 Nerol 10.429 672008 31656 461769 LA01812 Geranyl acetate 11.305 372252 0 180106 CORIANDER SATIVUM (x1,000,000)

2.75 LA01802 = Blue Ret.Time LA01802 LA01803 LA01812 LA01803 = Pink alpha.-Pinene 7.421 2329132 242176 616250 2.50 LA01812 = Black Camphene 7.634 378360 0 181568 beta.-Phellandrene 7.899 130145 79772 56404 2.25 beta.-Pinene 7.967 194576 79772 92797 beta.-Myrcene 8.068 345999 54983 22218 2.00 o-Cymene 8.465 522522 27674 247768 D-Limonene 8.516 878346 90271 37070 gamma.-Terpinene 8.798 2908995 25822 1275963 1.75 2-Carene 9.073 165360 31005 44114 Linalool 9.161 30577753 9175977 17272006 1.50 (+)-2-Bornanone 9.664 2019256 44225 1020835 Terpinen-4-ol 9.931 87319 0 85342 1.25 alpha.-Terpineol 10.039 128855 18910 81647 Nerol 10.429 672008 31656 461769 1.00 Geranyl acetate 11.305 372252 0 180106

0.75

0.50

0.25

7.25 7.50 7.75 8.00 8.25 8.50 8.75 9.00 9.25 9.50 9.75 10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50

LINALOOL CITRUS AURANTIUM

LA01804 Orange Peel 10617ES

substance Ret.Time LA01804 LA01805

alpha.-Pinene 7.421 166838 200176

Sabinene 7.899 40988 61597

beta.-Pinene 7.966 149498 136172

beta.-Myrcene 8.064 363198 572174

D-Limonene 8.514 24974803 39586182 LA01805 Orange Peel K26158 Linalool oxide 8.930 244549 150229 Linalool 9.166 282022 242292

L-.alpha.-Terpineol 10.040 74282 129185

Linalyl acetate 10.387 57396 137664 CITRUS AURANTIUM (x100,000)

8.0 Orange Peel

7.5 LA01804 = Black substance Ret.Time LA01804 LA01805 LA01805 = Pink alpha.-Pinene 7.421 166838 200176 7.0 Sabinene 7.899 40988 61597 6.5 beta.-Pinene 7.966 149498 136172 6.0 beta.-Myrcene 8.064 363198 572174

5.5 D-Limonene 8.514 24974803 39586182 Linalool oxide 8.930 244549 150229 5.0 Linalool 9.166 282022 242292 4.5 L-.alpha.-Terpineol 10.040 74282 129185 4.0 Linalyl acetate 10.387 57396 137664

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0 7.00 7.25 7.50 7.75 8.00 8.25 8.50 8.75 9.00 9.25 9.50 9.75 10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75

LIMONENE CITRUS AURANTIUM Extraction from Bitter Orange LA1804 and 1805 substance Ret.Time LA01804 LA01805 50000000 With Limonene alpha.-Pinene 7.421 166838 200176 40000000 Sabinene 7.899 40988 61597 30000000 beta.-Pinene 7.966 149498 136172 20000000 beta.-Myrcene 8.064 363198 572174 10000000 D-Limonene 8.514 24974803 39586182 Linalool oxide 8.930 244549 150229 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 Linalool 9.166 282022 242292 -10000000 L-.alpha.-Terpineol 10.040 74282 129185 700000 Linalyl acetate 10.387 57396 137664 600000 500000 Without Limonene 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 This GCMS method was used to analyze different gins. Method high high sensitivity due to later start of MS and 10 times lower split. Fingerprint_1_5 min start_Split 2_Gin Monkey 47 LA01607_G

Hendricks LA01587_G

Beefeater LA01576_G Gordons LA01582_G

Tanqueray LA01580_G

Bombay sapphire LA01577_G BASE AND RETENTION TIME SHIFT

(x1,000,000) LA01607 = Black 7.0 LA01587 = Pink LA01576 = Blue 6.0 LA01582 = Brown LA01580 = Green

5.0 LA01577 = Dark Blue

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 OTHER FEEDSTOCK OTHER INGREDIENTS MACERATION METHOD DISTILLATION METHOD CUT POINTS CATALYZERS AND BINDERS SINGLE SHOT – MULTI SHOT DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT BLENDING PROOFING AEREATING FILTERING BOTTLING

Gin compound

1: α-pinene CAS: 80-56-8 Pine, turpentine, lime, salvia, sweet

2: Sabinene CAS: 3387-41-5 woody, terpenic, citrus, pine, spicy

3: β-pinene CAS: 127-91-3 ANALYSIS GCMS-FINGERPRINT CHILL FILTRATION ORGANIC GIN spicy, woody, resinous, hay, green 4: β-myrcene CAS: 123-35-3 peppery, balsamic, plastic, celery 1 2 3 4 5 6 5: dextro-limonene CAS: 5989-27-5 Orange, citric, earthy, sweet, fresh

6: γ-terpinene CAS: 99-85-4 tropical lime, citrus, sweet, minty

7: Linalool CAS: 78-70-6 orange, mint, waxy, rose, blueberry

8: cis-verbenol CAS: 1845-30-3 perfume, veggie, pine, pheromone 7 8 9 10 11 Terpinen-4-ol 9: Terpinen-4-ol CAS: 562-74-3 clove, menthol, spicy, wood, citrus

10: α-terpineol CAS: 98-55-5 pine, lilac, floral, smoky tea, citrus

11: d-verbenone CAS: 18309-32-5 Pheromone, rosemary, verbena

12: terpinyl acetate CAS: 80-26-2 herbal, bergamot, lavender, lime 12 13 14 15 16 17 13: β-caryophyllen CAS: 87-44-5 clove, black pepper, camphoreous

14: α-humulene CAS: 6753-98-6 hops, elder, tobacco, ginger, wood

15: ε-germacrene CAS: 23986-74-5 woody, spicy, insect pheromone

Organic Gin filtered mechanically at 0,2 micron 16: δ-cadinene CAS: 483-76-1 Vs herbal, thyme, woody, angelica 17: α-cadinol CAS: 481-34-5 Organic Gin chill-filtered cooled to 2 degrees C then woody, wet soil, herbal, fatty filtered mechanically at 0,2 micron

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