DOCSLIB.ORG

Snp-Park-Map.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

0 1 5 Kilometers Front Royal (North) Entrance to Winchester, 24 miles 66 0 1 5 Miles North Front Royal (North) Entrance to Washington, D.C., 72 miles STRASBURG 81 340 FRONT ROYAL 55 Front Royal (North) 11 Entrance Station 1390ft Shenandoah Valley Overlook R ap Dickey Ridge Visitor Center pa 5 ha nn 1940ft o c 604 k Ri ver 2085ft Signal Knob Overlook Dickey Hill Low Gap 1790ft 522 r e v 2085ft Gooney Run Overlook i R Compton Gap 2415ft h 10 a 649 o d n a n e Jenkins Gap 2355ft h T S 630 k S Bentonville r r Browntown e o E iv F 613 R Hogwallow Flats Overlook 2665ft h R t r r o e O v N i 15 Jordan R F Gimlet h Ridge a The Peak o Mt Marshall L d 3000ft n 3368ft a A n e N h S 2655ft Gravel Springs Gap Range View Overlook 2810ft O k 3035ft Little Hogback Overlook I r o F 3474ft Hogback Mtn 81 T Massies Corner 3385ft Hogback Overlook 20 h A t R u 622 ush N o River S Mathews Arm See detail map at right Thornton Gap 2750ft Piney River N to WASHINGTON Washington, D.C., O Elkwallow 80 miles T mile 24 G Pignut Mtn N 25 211 n 2530ft I u 522 R H 340 Riv Jeremys Run ing er S Overlook Cov ton A 2410ft ys m W ere 654 J Beahms Gap 2485ft E Pass Mtn SPERRYVILLE G Three Sisters R 30 2085ft er Pass Riv O Run Pass Mountain 2460ft Overlook E Thornton 522 Park Headquarters 2304ft G Panorama Thornton Gap Entrance Station Tunnel Tunnel Parking Overlook 2510ft 211 Marys Rock Hazel Mtn Overlook 2770ft N I 231 A Hazel LURAY Mountain T Jewell Hollow Overlook N 3320ft 35 U Pinnacles Pinnacles Overlook H O az 3350ft 3320ft el M 3100ft Stony Man Overlook Hughes River Gap 3100ft R ive H r a w 3215ft Little Stony Man Parking k s Hemlock Springs Overlook 3380ft b 4011ft Stony Man i l he l Pinnacle Peak g 211 40 Hu s 3680ft Highest Point on Drive 3401ft 600 Thorofare Mtn Overlook 3595ft Rive BUS r 707 340 Skyland Whiteoak Canyon Parking 3510ft C Limberlost Parking 601 r mile 41.7 or 42.5 e e k 3360ft Timber Hollow Overlook New Market 340 Thornton Gap to Bettys Rock Old Rag Harrisonburg, 42 miles 3550ft Crescent Rock Overlook 45 3268ft 3365ft Hawksbill Gap Parking N STANLEY 689 4051ft Hawksbill E 611 Highest Peak in Park 600 T 3150ft Spitler Knoll Overlook Upper Hawksbill Parking 3630ft T Spitler R 643 U o Big Meadows Hill b Franklin Cliffs Overlook 3140ft in 231 N s mile 51 Fishers Gap Overlook 3140ft on A R R iv iv e e e S 50 r Ros r Dark Hollow S Byrd Visitor Center Falls 643 A Dark Hollow Falls 670 3465ft Tanners Ridge Overlook Parking 600 M Syria 3490ft Tanners Ridge Milam Gap 3230ft D ou bl 670 etop Mountain Banco 3250ft Naked Creek Overlook Rapidan Camp 649 R obin R son i ve 340 Fo r rk Hazeltop Mo un 3812ft tain J o n n ai 55 Bootens Gap e nt 3235ft s Mou 3235ft The Point Overlook Grindstone Mountain Bush Mountain 2850ft 3527ft Bluff 662 Mountain 3295ft Bearfence Mtn Parking Bearfence R Mountain ap SHENANDOAH id a 759 615 n MADISON Green Lewis Mountain Mountain mile 57.2 662 k 2149ft e R i re v Naked C Kirtley e 609 Lewis Mountain r 3125ft The Oaks Overlook Mountain 2593ft 759 606 Piney Mountain 1975ft 607 Dry 665 R 60 un Wolftown Huckleberry 759 Mountain 2158ft 623 634 623 ELKTON 2950ft Dean Mtn Gap South River Overlook 2950ft 29 Elk Co un South River nw R a y 624 Saddleback Mountain 3375ft Riv 65 er er iv Swift Run Gap 2365ft 230 R Swift Run Gap h 33 a Entrance Station Hightop Mountain o d Parking 2637ft n Sou a 2710ft Swift Run Overlook th n Hightop 3587ft River e McGaheysville S h 340 STANARDSVILLE 2620ft Smith Roach Gap 649 70 Bacon Hollow Overlook 2450ft Rocky Mount Eaton Hollow 33 2490ft Overlook Powell Gap 2295ft Swift Run Gap to 2740ft Sw rk 810 ift Harrisonburg, 21 miles o F R th u u n So Flattop Mtn B Ruckersville ig 2255ft Simmons Gap 3320ft N or Simmons Gap th 2770ft Two Mile Run Overlook Brown 75 Mtn F Loft Mtn Overlook 2450ft R o R oa r u Rocky c er k n Mtn h iv Pinefield Gap 2530ft R Swift Run Gap to Brown Mtn Ivy Creek Overlook 2885ft Fredericksburg – 75 miles 2840ft Overlook Brokenback Mtn 1750ft 2860ft Rockytop Overlook Loft Ri Lynch van Mountain na Loft Mtn County Line 628 R Wayside Mountain iver Port Republic mile 79.5 1980ft 80 2860ft Big Run Overlook Riv M Loft Mountain er ad is 659 o n Big Flat Mtn Run Doyles River Overlook 2870ft Browns Gap 2595ft 664 663 Dundo Group Camp GROTTOES 810 Jones Run Parking 2790ft 2520ft Blackrock Summit Parking 85 Blackrock D o y l 3374ft e Trayfoot Mtn s 2330ft Blackrock Gap So Trayfoot Mtn Overlook 2575ft u t Pasture Fence Mountain h R a i iv nn v R a 2880ft e Fork r Riv 2730ft Riprap Trail Parking er 20 er 90 29 iv R 2920ft Riprap Overlook r a Moormans River Overlook 2975ft e n er v n Riv i a R v Wildcat Ridge Parking Area 2980ft 614 i R Mo ns 2975ft Crimora Lake Overlook o r ma s m u h c Turk Gap Parking 2610ft e M Rockfish (South) Entrance 810 to Richmond – 91 miles Turk 2787ft CHARLOTTESVILLE Mountain Bucks Elbow Mountain 2960ft 95 2195ft Sawmill Run Overlook 250 250 340 619 Jarman Gap 2175ft CROZET l 611 mil R w un kingh Creek Sa Lic ole Skyline Drive lies within 64 2485ft Calf Mtn Overlook Shenandoah National Park and all park regulations apply. 2532ft Beagle Gap 100 McCormick Gap 20 2455ft Overlook WAYNESBORO McCormick Gap 2434ft 29 Scott Mtn 2760ft 250 64 Rockfish (South) Entrance Station to Staunton, 18 miles 105 Rockfish Gap (South) Entrance Station 1900ft Rockfish Gap Blue Ridge Parkway Shenandoah National Park - Park map March 15, 2004 Lori.
Recommended publications
  • Birds Rockingham County

    Birds Rockingham County

    BIRDS OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY VIRGINIA Clair Mellinger, Editor Rockingham Bird Club o DC BIRDS OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY VIRGINIA Clair Mellinger, Editor Rockingham Bird Club November 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................1 THE ENVIRONMENT....................................................................3 THE PEOPLE AND THE RECORDS........................................11 THE LOCATIONS........................................................................23 DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS......................................29 SPECIES ACCOUNTS...............................................................33 LITERATURE CITED................................................................ 113 INDEX...........................................................................................119 PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE AMERICAN GOLDFINCHES ON THE FRONT AND BACK COVER WERE GENEROUSLY PROVIDED BY JOHN TROTT. The American Goldfinch has been used as the emblem for the Rockingham Bird Club since the club’s establishment in 1973. Copyright by the Rockingham Bird Club November 1998 FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book is the product and a publication of the Rockingham Bird Club. It is a compilation of many historical and more recent records of bird sightings in Rockingham County. The primary purpose of the book is to publish Rockingham County bird records that may otherwise be unavailable to the general public. We hope that these records will serve a variety of useful purposes. For example, we hope that it will be useful to new (and experienced) birders as a guide to when and where to look for certain species. Researchers may find records or leads to records of which they were unaware. The records may support or counterbalance ideas about the change in species distribution and abundance. It is primarily a reference book, but fifty years from now some persons may even find the book interesting to read. In the Records section we have listed some of the persons who contributed to this book.
  • Where Is Afton Mountain? Christopher M

    Where Is Afton Mountain? Christopher M

    Worthy Field Locales THE GEOLOGY of VIRGINIA Mind the Gap! Where is Afton Mountain? Christopher M. Bailey, College of William & Mary Ask Virginians where the top of Afton y e Mountain is located, and they will ll likely tell you “it’s the place where a V s Interstate 64 crosses the Blue Ridge h n Mountains between Charlottesville and a i o ta Staunton”. The trouble with that de- d n n u scription is this: Interstate 64 crests the a o Blue Ridge Mountains at Rockfish Gap. n M e So where exactly is Afton Mountain? h Waynesboro S Look on the U.S. Geological Survey’s ge topographic map of the area and you’ll id not find an Afton Mountain. Afton is a R I-64 small town located on the slopes of the Blue Ridge about a mile to the east of Rockfish Gap. Interstate 64 cuts a long e gentle grade across the southern slope lu Rockfish of the Blue Ridge topping out at 1900 ft B Gap (580 m) above sea level at Rockfish Gap before descending westward into the 0 3 miles Shenandoah Valley. Rockfish Gap has 0 5 N long been an important nexus between kilometers the Piedmont and Shenandoah Valley, False color satellite image of the Blue Ridge Mountains, Shenandoah but as we shall see it is also a fascinat- Valley, and Rockfish Gap. ing geological locale. Rockfish Gap C. M. Bailey, W&M Geology Oblique aerial photo of Rockfish Gap and the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains as viewed from the south-southeast.
  • Scenic Landforms of Virginia

    Scenic Landforms of Virginia

    Vol. 34 August 1988 No. 3 SCENIC LANDFORMS OF VIRGINIA Harry Webb . Virginia has a wide variety of scenic landforms, such State Highway, SR - State Road, GWNF.R(T) - George as mountains, waterfalls, gorges, islands, water and Washington National Forest Road (Trail), JNFR(T) - wind gaps, caves, valleys, hills, and cliffs. These land- Jefferson National Forest Road (Trail), BRPMP - Blue forms, some with interesting names such as Hanging Ridge Parkway mile post, and SNPMP - Shenandoah Rock, Devils Backbone, Striped Rock, and Lovers Leap, National Park mile post. range in elevation from Mt. Rogers at 5729 feet to As- This listing is primarily of those landforms named on sateague and Tangier islands near sea level. Two nat- topographic maps. It is hoped that the reader will advise ural lakes occur in Virginia, Mountain Lake in Giles the Division of other noteworthy landforms in the st& County and Lake Drummond in the City of Chesapeake. that are not mentioned. For those features on private Gaps through the mountains were important routes for land always obtain the owner's permission before vis- early settlers and positions for military movements dur- iting. Some particularly interesting features are de- ing the Civil War. Today, many gaps are still important scribed in more detail below. locations of roads and highways. For this report, landforms are listed alphabetically Dismal Swamp (see Chesapeake, City of) by county or city. Features along county lines are de- The Dismal Swamp, located in southeastern Virginia, scribed in only one county with references in other ap- is about 10 to 11 miles wide and 15 miles long, and propriate counties.
  • Catoctin Formation

    Catoctin Formation

    Glimpses of the Past: THE GEOLOGY of VIRGINIA The Catoctin Formation — Virginia is for Lavas Alex Johnson and Chuck Bailey, Department of Geology, College of William & Mary Stony Man is a high peak in Virginia’s Blue Ridge Mountains that tops out at just over 1200 m (4,000’). Drive south from Thornton Gap along the Skyline Drive and you’ll see the impressive cliffs of Stony Man’s northwestern face. These are the cliffs that give the mountain its name, as the cliffs and slopes have a vague resemblance to a reclining man’s forehead, eye, nose, and beard. Climb to the top and you’ll see peculiar bluish-green rocks exposed on the summit that are ancient lava flows, part of a geologic unit known as the Catoctin Formation. From the presidential retreat at Camp David to Jefferson’s Monticello, from Harpers Ferry to Humpback Rocks, the Catoctin Formation underlies much of the Blue Ridge. This distinctive geologic unit tells us much about the long geologic history of the Blue Ridge and central Appalachians. Stony Man’s summit and northwestern slope, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Cliffs expose metabasaltic greenstone of the Neoproterozoic Catoctin Formation. (CMB photo). Geologic cross section of Stony Man summit area (modified from Badger, 1999). The Catoctin Formation was first named by Arthur Keith in 1894 and takes its name for exposures on Catoctin Mountain, a long ridge that stretches from Maryland into northern Virginia. The word Catoctin is rooted in the old Algonquin term Kittockton. The exact meaning of the term has become a point of contention; among historians the translation “speckled mountain” is preferred, however local tradition holds that that Catoctin means “place of many deer” (Kenny, 1984).
  • Shenandoah National Park Project Virginia

    Shenandoah National Park Project Virginia

    SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK PROJECT VIRGINIA White Oak Canyon UNITED STATES SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK PROJECT DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary In the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Arno B. Cammerer, Director national park in the Virginia section of the Blue Ridge Mountains was authorized by an act of Congress approv­ A ed May 22, 1926. The act specified that when title to 250,000 acres of a tract of land approved by the Secretary of the Interior should be vested in the United States, it would constitute a national park dedicated and set apart for the benefit and enjoyment of the people, and the Government would VIRGINIA STATE COMMISSION proceed with the installation of accommodations for visitors, ON the development of an adequate road and trail system, the CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT stocking of fishing streams, and the inauguration of an educa­ William E. Carson, Chairman tional service to acquaint the public with the historical back­ ground and natural beauty of this famous region. Upon the passage of the act, the State of Virginia, through its Commission on Conservation and Development, im­ mediately began the work of acquiring the money to purchase SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK PROJECT the necessary land. This was a tremendous undertaking as the approved area was made up of thousands of parcels of privately VIRGINIA owned land. Funds were raised through State appropriations, contributions from citizens of Virginia, and from outside sources. The work moved forward with all possible expediency until the period of general depression set in, and it became increasingly difficult to obtain funds.
  • Acid Rain in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia

    Acid Rain in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia

    Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service Acid Rain in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia Visitors to Shenandoah National Park (SNP) enjoy the animal and plant The pH scale is a measure of how acidic (low pH) or alkaline life and the scenery but may not real- (high pH) a solution is. Rainwater is considered normal at 5.6 pH ize how vulnerable these features are to units. Shenandoah National Park rain typically is 10 times more various threats, such as invasion of exotic acidic than normal rain. plants and insects, improper use of park resources by humans, and air and water pollution. The National Park Service rain (currently about 4.6 pH units) falling mic, which means that each whole-num- strives to protect natural resources from onto an environment that has little inher- ber change indicates a 10-fold change in such threats to ensure that the resources ent ability to neutralize the acidic input acidity or alkalinity. For example, a pH of will be available for enjoyment now and and decades of exposure to acid rain have 4 is 10 times more acidic than a pH of 5. in the future. Because SNP has limited resulted in a fragile environment. When Rainwater is considered normal at 5.6 pH influence over the air pollution that the effects of acid rain are combined units; therefore, rain with a pH of 4.6, envelops the region, acidic deposition— with stressors, such as forest defoliation which typically occurs in SNP, is about commonly known as acid rain—is one of caused by the gypsy moth or conifer- 10 times more acidic than normal rain.
  • History of Virginia

    History of Virginia

    14 Facts & Photos Profiles of Virginia History of Virginia For thousands of years before the arrival of the English, vari- other native peoples to form the powerful confederacy that con- ous societies of indigenous peoples inhabited the portion of the trolled the area that is now West Virginia until the Shawnee New World later designated by the English as “Virginia.” Ar- Wars (1811-1813). By only 1646, very few Powhatans re- chaeological and historical research by anthropologist Helen C. mained and were policed harshly by the English, no longer Rountree and others has established 3,000 years of settlement even allowed to choose their own leaders. They were organized in much of the Tidewater. Even so, a historical marker dedi- into the Pamunkey and Mattaponi tribes. They eventually cated in 2015 states that recent archaeological work at dissolved altogether and merged into Colonial society. Pocahontas Island has revealed prehistoric habitation dating to about 6500 BCE. The Piscataway were pushed north on the Potomac River early in their history, coming to be cut off from the rest of their peo- Native Americans ple. While some stayed, others chose to migrate west. Their movements are generally unrecorded in the historical record, As of the 16th Century, what is now the state of Virginia was but they reappear at Fort Detroit in modern-day Michigan by occupied by three main culture groups: the Iroquoian, the East- the end of the 18th century. These Piscataways are said to have ern Siouan and the Algonquian. The tip of the Delmarva Penin- moved to Canada and probably merged with the Mississaugas, sula south of the Indian River was controlled by the who had broken away from the Anishinaabeg and migrated Algonquian Nanticoke.
  • The Louisa Railroad (1836-1850) Charles W

    The Louisa Railroad (1836-1850) Charles W

    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research 1937 The Louisa Railroad (1836-1850) Charles W. Turner Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Turner, Charles W., "The Louisa Railroad (1836-1850)" (1937). Honors Theses. 1051. https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses/1051 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITYOF RIC HMONDLIB RARIES llllll~llll~~iililllllllm~llll~IIIIII _ . 3 3082 01028 3231 THE· 'LOUISA RAILROAD (1836-1850) History Thesis May 24 ,1937. Presented by Charles w. Turner. (In this paper, there will be found facts concerning the lives of many of the characters connected with the railroad.) BIBLIOGRAPHY Books 1. Freeman, D.S., R. E. Lee, Vol. II, III, IV, Charles Scribners Sons, NewYork, N. Y., l934-36. 2. Harris, Malcohn H., ~ History of Louisa County, Virg~n1a, The Dietz Presa, Ric~mond, V1rg1n1a, 1937. 3. Morton, R. L., Historx of V1r5lnia, Vol. III, Amertcan Historical Society, New York, N. Y. 1924. 4. Nelson, James P., Hlstor~ of the c. and o. Ra11 a~ Co., I.ew1e Printing Company, R1cnmond, -VirginTa, -r~ 7. -- Newspapers and Magazines 6. Reli6ious He~ald, ~eb. 13, 1873~ 7. Richmond Ingui-rer, 1835-50• 8. Stanard, W. G. ed., Virginia Historical Magazine, Vol. XXIX, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia, 1921. · 9. Stanard, w.
  • Private-Sector Involvement in Virginia's Nineteenth-Century Transportation Improvement Program

    Private-Sector Involvement in Virginia's Nineteenth-Century Transportation Improvement Program

    TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 1107 3 In the United Kingdom we have observed the potency of REFERENCES these ideas of privatization sweep policy along at a pace that 1. A. F. Friedlander. The Interstate Highway System: A Study in Public few would have thought possible. And I suspect that, were Investment. North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1965. Keynes to have lived until his lOOth birthday, his judgment 2. A. Walters. Track Costs and Motor Taxation. Journal of Industrial would have been good. Economics, 1954. Private-Sector Involvement in Virginia's Nineteenth-Century Transportation Improvement Program HOWARD NEWLON, JR. This paper is a discussion of the financing of roads, and to a constructed by stock companies under the General Turnpike lesser extent other modes of transportation, in Virginia Law of 1817. Other relevant works are Wayland Dunaway's between 1816 and 1860, a period of major expansion during History of the James River and Kanawha Company, published which a mixed system of private- and public-sector financing by Columbia University Press in 1922, that provides extensive was used. The intent was to maximize the benefits and mini­ mize the disadvantages of both systems. The perceived and real treatment of Virginia's major canal effort and Carter Good­ costs and benefits of this system are described, and parallels rich's "The Virginia System of Mixed Enterprise: A Study of with the present situation are pointed out. State Planning of Internal Improvements," published in the Political Science Quarterly in September 1949, in which are discussed the funding, policy, and planning aspects of Vir­ The history of transportation in Vrrginia during the 19th century ginia's internal improvement program.
  • Railroad Building in Virginia (1827 to 1860)

    Railroad Building in Virginia (1827 to 1860)

    Railroad Building in Virginia (1827 to 1860) Virginia History Series #10-08 © 2008 Major Railroads in Virginia (from 1827-1860) • Baltimore and Ohio (1827) – Winchester & Potomac (at Harpers Ferry) – Winchester & Strasburg • South Side or “Petersburg & -- North Western to Lynchburg RR” (1849-54) Parkersburg, WV • Richmond & Danville (1847-1856) • Manassas Gap (1850-54) • Petersburg & Roanoke (river in NC) • Orange & Alexandria (1848) (1833) -- Richmond & Petersburg (1838) • Virginia Central (1836) -- Blue Ridge (1858) • Norfolk and Petersburg (1853) • Virginia & Tennessee (1850s) • Seaboard & Roanoke (river in NC) or “Portsmouth and Weldon RR” (1835) • Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac to Alexandria (1834) & Fredericksburg & Charlottesville RR Major RR Routes in Virginia by 1860 Wheeling●, Ohio River Parkersburg ● ● Grafton Maryland & York RR+ + ++++++/ + Norfolk Stn + Petersburg & + Norfolk RR + + + + Suffolk Stn + + Bristol ● + + + + Norfolk & + Roanoke RR Weldon ■ On March 8, 1827, the Commonwealth of Virginia joined Maryland in giving the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road (B&O RR) the task of building a railroad from the port of Baltimore, MD West to a suitable point on the Ohio River. The railroad was intended to provide a faster route for Midwestern goods to reach the East Coast than the successful Erie Canal across upstate NY. Construction began on July 4th, 1828. It was decided to follow the Patapsco River to a point near where the railroad would cross the “fall line” and descend into the valley of the Monocacy and Potomac Rivers. Thomas Viaduct (on the B&O RR) spans the Patapsco River and Patapsco Valley between Relay and Elkridge, MD (1833-35) It was the largest bridge in the nation and today its still the world's oldest multiple arched stone railroad bridge Further extensions of the B&O RR soon opened to Frederick and Point of Rocks on the Potomac river.
  • Addendum No. 2

    Addendum No. 2

    Addendum No. 2 Issue Date: 22 May 2017 To: Bidding Contractors - Plan Holders Project: Blue Ridge (Crozet) Tunnel Rehabilitation and Trail Project Nelson County Board of Supervisors The following items are being issued here for clarification, addition or deletion and have been incorporated into the Construction Documents and Project Manual, and shall be included as part of the bid documents. All Contractors shall acknowledge this Addendum No. 2 in the Bid Form. Failure of acknowledgment may result in rejection of your bid. All Bidders shall be responsible for seeing that their subcontractors are properly apprised of the contents of this addendum. BID DATE AND TIME: 1. The sign in sheet from the pre-bid meeting held on Friday May 12 th is included with Addenda 2. 2. At this time, the bid opening remains May 31 st at 2.00 PM. CLARIFICATIONS / CONTRACTOR QUESTIONS: 1. Q: The unit of measurement for the aggregate base material is in cubic yards. Can the units be revised to reflect the number of tons? A: Section 607.12 Unit Costs and Measures provides for the acceptable units for measurement. The quantity reflected in the bid form is based upon the area x thickness of the material. Please note that the volume is measured as “in-place and does not account for any volumetric loss due to compaction. The conversion from cubic yards to tons is based upon the unit weight of the material. For example, assuming a unit weight of 130 lbs/ft 3, which may be considered normal for VDOT 21B material, the conversion to tons would be 1 CY x (27 ft 3 / yd 3) x (130 lbs/ft 3) x (1 ton/2000 lbs).

  • Mm Wttmn, the Shenandoah Valley Became an Artery of Critical Impor­ Soil Forest in the South Section of the Park

    Shenandoah NATIONAL PARK VIRGINIA mm wttMN, The Shenandoah Valley became an artery of critical impor­ soil forest in the south section of the park. The characteristically tance during the War Between the States. General Jackson's dwarfed appearance of the deciduous trees overtopped by pine Shenandoah valley campaign is recognized as a superb example of military serves to distinguish the dry-soil forest from the moist-soil tactics. The mountain gaps within the park were strategically forest which predominates in the park. NATIONAL PARK important and were used frequently during these campaigns. Certain sections of the park support a variety of shrubs. The idea for a national park in the Southern Appalachian Notable among these are the azalea, the wild sweet crabapple, The Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia are famed for their Mountains originated in the early 1920's. In succeeding years, and the hawthorn which bloom in May, followed in summer by scenic loveliness, romantic setting, and historical association. the State and people of Virginia, together with public-spirited the ninebark, Jersey-tea, and the sumac. During late May and In the heart of these lofty mountains is the Shenandoah Na­ conservationists from other parts of the United States, purchased June the mountain-laurel transforms whole mountainsides into tional Park. Its majestic tree-covered peaks reach elevations of 176,430 acres of Blue Ridge Mountain lands. This area was a mass of bloom. more than 4,000 feet above the sea. Much of the time these deeded to the Federal Government for administration and Trees with a profusion of conspicuous blossoms include development as a national park in 1935.