Shenandoah National Park U.S
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Cabins Availability Charts in This Issue
ISSN 098—8154 The Newsletter of the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club Volume 35, Number 3 118 Park Street, S.E., Vienna, VA 22180-4609 March 2006 www.patc.net PATC Signs Lease Agreement with ATC for Management of Bears Den n Dec. 20, 2005, PATC President Tom OJohnson signed a two-year lease agree- ment with ATC for management of the Bears Den Trail Center located on the Appalachian Trail just off of Rte. 7 in Virginia. There is an official marker on Rte. 7 west- bound just before the turnoff on to Rte. 601 for Bears Dens that reads as follows: Appalachian Trail and Bears Den This 2,100-mile-long hiking path passes through 14 states from Mount Katahdin, Maine, to Springer Mountain, Ga., along the ridges of the Appalachian Mountains. Conceived in 1921 by Benton MacKaye, the trail was completed in 1937. It was designated a National Scenic Trail in 1968. One-half mile to the south along the trail is Bears Den, a Dave Starzell Bob WIlliams and Tom Johnson signing the agreement to transfer See Bears Den page management of Bears Den to PATC Web Site Breakthrough! Cabins Availability Charts In This Issue . Council Fire . .2 ne of PATC’s crown jewels is its 32 navigate forward or backward a week at a Tom’s Trail Talk . .3 rentable cabins, many only for member time through the calendar. The starting day of Chain Saw Course . .3 O Annual Family Weekend . .4 use. For the first time you may now visit the the week will be the day you are visiting the Smokeys Environmental Impact . -
Birds Rockingham County
BIRDS OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY VIRGINIA Clair Mellinger, Editor Rockingham Bird Club o DC BIRDS OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY VIRGINIA Clair Mellinger, Editor Rockingham Bird Club November 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................1 THE ENVIRONMENT....................................................................3 THE PEOPLE AND THE RECORDS........................................11 THE LOCATIONS........................................................................23 DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS......................................29 SPECIES ACCOUNTS...............................................................33 LITERATURE CITED................................................................ 113 INDEX...........................................................................................119 PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE AMERICAN GOLDFINCHES ON THE FRONT AND BACK COVER WERE GENEROUSLY PROVIDED BY JOHN TROTT. The American Goldfinch has been used as the emblem for the Rockingham Bird Club since the club’s establishment in 1973. Copyright by the Rockingham Bird Club November 1998 FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book is the product and a publication of the Rockingham Bird Club. It is a compilation of many historical and more recent records of bird sightings in Rockingham County. The primary purpose of the book is to publish Rockingham County bird records that may otherwise be unavailable to the general public. We hope that these records will serve a variety of useful purposes. For example, we hope that it will be useful to new (and experienced) birders as a guide to when and where to look for certain species. Researchers may find records or leads to records of which they were unaware. The records may support or counterbalance ideas about the change in species distribution and abundance. It is primarily a reference book, but fifty years from now some persons may even find the book interesting to read. In the Records section we have listed some of the persons who contributed to this book. -
Catoctin Formation
Glimpses of the Past: THE GEOLOGY of VIRGINIA The Catoctin Formation — Virginia is for Lavas Alex Johnson and Chuck Bailey, Department of Geology, College of William & Mary Stony Man is a high peak in Virginia’s Blue Ridge Mountains that tops out at just over 1200 m (4,000’). Drive south from Thornton Gap along the Skyline Drive and you’ll see the impressive cliffs of Stony Man’s northwestern face. These are the cliffs that give the mountain its name, as the cliffs and slopes have a vague resemblance to a reclining man’s forehead, eye, nose, and beard. Climb to the top and you’ll see peculiar bluish-green rocks exposed on the summit that are ancient lava flows, part of a geologic unit known as the Catoctin Formation. From the presidential retreat at Camp David to Jefferson’s Monticello, from Harpers Ferry to Humpback Rocks, the Catoctin Formation underlies much of the Blue Ridge. This distinctive geologic unit tells us much about the long geologic history of the Blue Ridge and central Appalachians. Stony Man’s summit and northwestern slope, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Cliffs expose metabasaltic greenstone of the Neoproterozoic Catoctin Formation. (CMB photo). Geologic cross section of Stony Man summit area (modified from Badger, 1999). The Catoctin Formation was first named by Arthur Keith in 1894 and takes its name for exposures on Catoctin Mountain, a long ridge that stretches from Maryland into northern Virginia. The word Catoctin is rooted in the old Algonquin term Kittockton. The exact meaning of the term has become a point of contention; among historians the translation “speckled mountain” is preferred, however local tradition holds that that Catoctin means “place of many deer” (Kenny, 1984). -
Shenandoah National Park Project Virginia
SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK PROJECT VIRGINIA White Oak Canyon UNITED STATES SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK PROJECT DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary In the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Arno B. Cammerer, Director national park in the Virginia section of the Blue Ridge Mountains was authorized by an act of Congress approv A ed May 22, 1926. The act specified that when title to 250,000 acres of a tract of land approved by the Secretary of the Interior should be vested in the United States, it would constitute a national park dedicated and set apart for the benefit and enjoyment of the people, and the Government would VIRGINIA STATE COMMISSION proceed with the installation of accommodations for visitors, ON the development of an adequate road and trail system, the CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT stocking of fishing streams, and the inauguration of an educa William E. Carson, Chairman tional service to acquaint the public with the historical back ground and natural beauty of this famous region. Upon the passage of the act, the State of Virginia, through its Commission on Conservation and Development, im mediately began the work of acquiring the money to purchase SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK PROJECT the necessary land. This was a tremendous undertaking as the approved area was made up of thousands of parcels of privately VIRGINIA owned land. Funds were raised through State appropriations, contributions from citizens of Virginia, and from outside sources. The work moved forward with all possible expediency until the period of general depression set in, and it became increasingly difficult to obtain funds. -
Acid Rain in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia
Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service Acid Rain in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia Visitors to Shenandoah National Park (SNP) enjoy the animal and plant The pH scale is a measure of how acidic (low pH) or alkaline life and the scenery but may not real- (high pH) a solution is. Rainwater is considered normal at 5.6 pH ize how vulnerable these features are to units. Shenandoah National Park rain typically is 10 times more various threats, such as invasion of exotic acidic than normal rain. plants and insects, improper use of park resources by humans, and air and water pollution. The National Park Service rain (currently about 4.6 pH units) falling mic, which means that each whole-num- strives to protect natural resources from onto an environment that has little inher- ber change indicates a 10-fold change in such threats to ensure that the resources ent ability to neutralize the acidic input acidity or alkalinity. For example, a pH of will be available for enjoyment now and and decades of exposure to acid rain have 4 is 10 times more acidic than a pH of 5. in the future. Because SNP has limited resulted in a fragile environment. When Rainwater is considered normal at 5.6 pH influence over the air pollution that the effects of acid rain are combined units; therefore, rain with a pH of 4.6, envelops the region, acidic deposition— with stressors, such as forest defoliation which typically occurs in SNP, is about commonly known as acid rain—is one of caused by the gypsy moth or conifer- 10 times more acidic than normal rain. -
History of Virginia
14 Facts & Photos Profiles of Virginia History of Virginia For thousands of years before the arrival of the English, vari- other native peoples to form the powerful confederacy that con- ous societies of indigenous peoples inhabited the portion of the trolled the area that is now West Virginia until the Shawnee New World later designated by the English as “Virginia.” Ar- Wars (1811-1813). By only 1646, very few Powhatans re- chaeological and historical research by anthropologist Helen C. mained and were policed harshly by the English, no longer Rountree and others has established 3,000 years of settlement even allowed to choose their own leaders. They were organized in much of the Tidewater. Even so, a historical marker dedi- into the Pamunkey and Mattaponi tribes. They eventually cated in 2015 states that recent archaeological work at dissolved altogether and merged into Colonial society. Pocahontas Island has revealed prehistoric habitation dating to about 6500 BCE. The Piscataway were pushed north on the Potomac River early in their history, coming to be cut off from the rest of their peo- Native Americans ple. While some stayed, others chose to migrate west. Their movements are generally unrecorded in the historical record, As of the 16th Century, what is now the state of Virginia was but they reappear at Fort Detroit in modern-day Michigan by occupied by three main culture groups: the Iroquoian, the East- the end of the 18th century. These Piscataways are said to have ern Siouan and the Algonquian. The tip of the Delmarva Penin- moved to Canada and probably merged with the Mississaugas, sula south of the Indian River was controlled by the who had broken away from the Anishinaabeg and migrated Algonquian Nanticoke. -
Private-Sector Involvement in Virginia's Nineteenth-Century Transportation Improvement Program
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 1107 3 In the United Kingdom we have observed the potency of REFERENCES these ideas of privatization sweep policy along at a pace that 1. A. F. Friedlander. The Interstate Highway System: A Study in Public few would have thought possible. And I suspect that, were Investment. North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1965. Keynes to have lived until his lOOth birthday, his judgment 2. A. Walters. Track Costs and Motor Taxation. Journal of Industrial would have been good. Economics, 1954. Private-Sector Involvement in Virginia's Nineteenth-Century Transportation Improvement Program HOWARD NEWLON, JR. This paper is a discussion of the financing of roads, and to a constructed by stock companies under the General Turnpike lesser extent other modes of transportation, in Virginia Law of 1817. Other relevant works are Wayland Dunaway's between 1816 and 1860, a period of major expansion during History of the James River and Kanawha Company, published which a mixed system of private- and public-sector financing by Columbia University Press in 1922, that provides extensive was used. The intent was to maximize the benefits and mini mize the disadvantages of both systems. The perceived and real treatment of Virginia's major canal effort and Carter Good costs and benefits of this system are described, and parallels rich's "The Virginia System of Mixed Enterprise: A Study of with the present situation are pointed out. State Planning of Internal Improvements," published in the Political Science Quarterly in September 1949, in which are discussed the funding, policy, and planning aspects of Vir The history of transportation in Vrrginia during the 19th century ginia's internal improvement program. -
Addendum No. 2
Addendum No. 2 Issue Date: 22 May 2017 To: Bidding Contractors - Plan Holders Project: Blue Ridge (Crozet) Tunnel Rehabilitation and Trail Project Nelson County Board of Supervisors The following items are being issued here for clarification, addition or deletion and have been incorporated into the Construction Documents and Project Manual, and shall be included as part of the bid documents. All Contractors shall acknowledge this Addendum No. 2 in the Bid Form. Failure of acknowledgment may result in rejection of your bid. All Bidders shall be responsible for seeing that their subcontractors are properly apprised of the contents of this addendum. BID DATE AND TIME: 1. The sign in sheet from the pre-bid meeting held on Friday May 12 th is included with Addenda 2. 2. At this time, the bid opening remains May 31 st at 2.00 PM. CLARIFICATIONS / CONTRACTOR QUESTIONS: 1. Q: The unit of measurement for the aggregate base material is in cubic yards. Can the units be revised to reflect the number of tons? A: Section 607.12 Unit Costs and Measures provides for the acceptable units for measurement. The quantity reflected in the bid form is based upon the area x thickness of the material. Please note that the volume is measured as “in-place and does not account for any volumetric loss due to compaction. The conversion from cubic yards to tons is based upon the unit weight of the material. For example, assuming a unit weight of 130 lbs/ft 3, which may be considered normal for VDOT 21B material, the conversion to tons would be 1 CY x (27 ft 3 / yd 3) x (130 lbs/ft 3) x (1 ton/2000 lbs). -
Mm Wttmn, the Shenandoah Valley Became an Artery of Critical Impor Soil Forest in the South Section of the Park
Shenandoah NATIONAL PARK VIRGINIA mm wttMN, The Shenandoah Valley became an artery of critical impor soil forest in the south section of the park. The characteristically tance during the War Between the States. General Jackson's dwarfed appearance of the deciduous trees overtopped by pine Shenandoah valley campaign is recognized as a superb example of military serves to distinguish the dry-soil forest from the moist-soil tactics. The mountain gaps within the park were strategically forest which predominates in the park. NATIONAL PARK important and were used frequently during these campaigns. Certain sections of the park support a variety of shrubs. The idea for a national park in the Southern Appalachian Notable among these are the azalea, the wild sweet crabapple, The Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia are famed for their Mountains originated in the early 1920's. In succeeding years, and the hawthorn which bloom in May, followed in summer by scenic loveliness, romantic setting, and historical association. the State and people of Virginia, together with public-spirited the ninebark, Jersey-tea, and the sumac. During late May and In the heart of these lofty mountains is the Shenandoah Na conservationists from other parts of the United States, purchased June the mountain-laurel transforms whole mountainsides into tional Park. Its majestic tree-covered peaks reach elevations of 176,430 acres of Blue Ridge Mountain lands. This area was a mass of bloom. more than 4,000 feet above the sea. Much of the time these deeded to the Federal Government for administration and Trees with a profusion of conspicuous blossoms include development as a national park in 1935. -
Cultural Landscapes Inventory: Piney River, Shenandoah National Park
National Park Service Cultural Landscapes Inventory 1999 Revised 2006 Piney River Shenandoah National Park Table of Contents Inventory Unit Summary & Site Plan Concurrence Status Geographic Information and Location Map Management Information National Register Information Chronology & Physical History Analysis & Evaluation of Integrity Condition Treatment Bibliography & Supplemental Information Piney River Shenandoah National Park Inventory Unit Summary & Site Plan Inventory Summary The Cultural Landscapes Inventory Overview: CLI General Information: Cultural Landscapes Inventory – General Information The Cultural Landscapes Inventory (CLI) is a database containing information on the historically significant landscapes within the National Park System. This evaluated inventory identifies and documents each landscape’s location, size, physical development, condition, landscape characteristics, character-defining features, as well as other valuable information useful to park management. Cultural landscapes become approved inventory records when all required data fields are entered, the park superintendent concurs with the information, and the landscape is determined eligible for the National Register of Historic Places through a consultation process or is otherwise managed as a cultural resource through a public planning process. The CLI, like the List of Classified Structures (LCS), assists the National Park Service (NPS) in its efforts to fulfill the identification and management requirements associated with Section 110(a) of the National Historic Preservation Act, National Park Service Management Policies (2001), and Director’s Order #28: Cultural Resource Management. Since launching the CLI nationwide, the NPS, in response to the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), is required to report information that respond to NPS strategic plan accomplishments. Two goals are associated with the CLI: 1) increasing the number of certified cultural landscapes (1b2B); and 2) bringing certified cultural landscapes into good condition (1a7). -
Nomination Form
VLR Listed: 12/4/1996 NRHP Listed: 4/28/1997 NFS Form 10-900 ! MAR * * I99T 0MB( No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 8-86) .^^oTT^Q CES United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM 1. Name of Property historic name: Skyline Drive Historic District other name/site number: N/A 2. Location street & number: Shenandoah National Park (SHEN) not for publication: __ city/town: Luray vicinity: x state: VA county: Albemarle code: VA003 zip code: 22835 Augusta VA015 Greene VA079 Madison VA113 Page VA139 Rappahannock VA157 Rockingham VA165 Warren VA187 3. Classification Ownership of Property: public-Federal Category of Property: district Number of Resources within Property: Contributing Noncontributing 9 8 buildings 8 3 sites 136 67 structures 22 1 objects 175 79 Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register: none Name of related multiple property listing: Historic Park Landscapes in National and State Parks 4. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this _x _ nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property _x _ meets __^ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant x nationally __ statewide __ locally. ( __ See continuation sheet for additional comments.) _____________ Signature of certifying of ficial Date _____ ly/,a,-K OAJ. -
Shenandoah N a T > ° N a Vjrginia 1
SHENANDOAH N A T > ° N A VJRGINIA 1 . SHENANDOAH 'T'HE Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia are famed in song and tradition for their scenic loveliness, romantic setting, and historical as sociation. In the heart of these mountains is the Shenandoah National Park, established in 1935, the first wilderness area east of the Mis sissippi to be created a national park. Comprising 182,854 acres, the park extends for 75 miles in a narrow strip along the crest of the Blue Ridge from Front Royal on the northeast to the vicinity of Waynesboro on the southeast. The altitude varies from 600 feet above sea level at the north entrance to 4,049 feet at the summit of Hawksbill Mountain. The Skyline Drive It is for the far-reaching views from the Skyline Drive that the park is most widely known. The drive, macadamized and smooth, with an easy gradient and wide, sweeping curves, unfolds to view innumerable sweeping pano ramas of lofty peaks, forested ravines, meander ing streams, and the green and brown patchwork A TYPICAL SECTION OF THE FAMOUS SKYLINE DRIVE fields of the valley farms below. SHOWING THE EASY GRADIENT AND FLOWING CURVES. Virginia Conservation Commission Photo Built at a cost of more than $4,500,000, the famous 97-mile scenic highway traverses the LATE AFTERNOON ON SKYLINE DRIVE. KAWKSBILL, HIGH entire length of the park along the backbone of EST POINT IN THE PARK, IS SILHOUETTED IN THE DISTANCE. the Blue Ridge from Front Royal to Jarman Virginia State Chamber of Commerce Photo Gap, where it connects with the 485-mile Blue Ridge Parkway, now under construction, that will link Shenandoah National Park with the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee and North Carolina.