END Trafficking TOOLKIT

This toolkit was designed to help you gain a basic knowledge of human trafficking as it occurs in the United States and around the world. In addition to learning about the problem, you will also learn about efforts to fight human trafficking, and how you can take action within your community.

Get Informed: What Is Human Trafficking? Human trafficking has been likened to modern-day slavery that subjects children, women, and men to force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of exploitation. This horrific practice can include prostitution, pornography, and sex tourism as well as domestic servitude, factory work, and migrant farming. Hu- man trafficking is not the same as smuggling; it does not require movement across borders. The Numbers Supply and Demand Sex Trafficking in the U.S. Around the world today, it is esti- Human trafficking operates on prin- In the U.S., more citizens are victims mated that 27 million people are en- ciples of supply and demand. It is of sex trafficking than labor trafficking slaved (Kevin Bales, Free the Slaves). extremely profitable, generating(Trafficking in Persons Report, 2012). That is more than the total number an estimated $32 billion in yearly Pimp-controlled prostitution is one of of slaves transported during the four profits (ILO & UNODC). Traffickers the most common forms of sex traf- centuries of the trans-Atlantic slave make high profits and run low risks ficking. It also occurs at truck stops, trade. Some estimate that about half thanks to weak legislative policies, massage parlors, residential broth- of all trafficking victims are children. loopholes, corruption, and lack of en- els, and through escort agencies forcement. The incessant demand and online solicitation. The Internet for commercial sex and cheap labor is also becoming a “marketplace” Forms of Child Trafficking puts children throughout the world at for sex trafficking where pimps can easily avoid the authorities, facilitate Child victims of trafficking are of- risk of becoming the “supply.” transactions, and lie about the age of ten exploited for sexual purposes or their victims. forced labor including prostitution, pornography, sex tourism, forced Impact on Children In the U.S., victims of sex trafficking marriage, sweat-shop work, begging, Human trafficking of any kind violates often share risk factors, including: armed service, and migrant farming. a child’s rights to be protected, grow child sex abuse, parental neglect, up in a safe family environment, and parental drug use, emotional and/or have access to an education. Victims physical abuse by a family member, and poverty. Who Are the Traffickers? often suffer from inhumane living Traffickers include a wide range of conditions, neglect, poor diet and hy- criminal operators, including pimps, giene, and physical, sexual, and emo- small families or businesses, and or- tional abuse. ganized crime networks. They entice Trafficking of children children and unsuspecting families is a grave violation of with material goods, promises of em- Is It Really Happening their rights, robbing ployment and a better life, and false in the U.S.? them of their childhood, marriage proposals. There have been reports of human trafficking in all 50 U.S. states (Traf- their well-being, and ficking in Persons Report, 2011). The the opportunity to reach prostitution U.S. is a source and transit point for their full potential. No pornography trafficking and is considered one of country is untouched by sex tourism the major destinations for trafficking forced marriage victims. Anyone can be trafficked re- human trafficking as a sweat-shop work gardless of class, education, gender, source, transit point, or age, or citizenship when lured by destination. begging false promises and the desire for a armed services better life. -- Dr. Susan Bissell Chief of Child migrant farming Protection, UNICEF

1 Labor Trafficking in the U.S. The majority of the Child labor trafficking can occur in restaurants, bars, tourist industries, and in janitorial and agricultural work. Other exploitive labor done areas include begging rings, traveling sales crews, and do- by children is in... mestic servitude.

The Products We Buy The coffee, wine, and tea we drink, the food we eat, the cotton we wear, and the bricks in our buildings may all be products that are harvested or produced by slave labor. There are 128 “worst offenders”— goods that are most commonly produced by child labor or forced labor. Some 60% 26% 7% goods that have the highest rates of child labor are: gold, sugarcane, coal, cotton, rice, tobacco, cocoa, diamonds, agriculture service commercial garments, coffee, bricks and carpets. industry industry

Get Inspired: What Is Being Done to Address Trafficking? Because human trafficking is such a complex, widespread issue, addressing it requires coordination among many groups, including: government, non-profit organizations, businesses, faith-based communities, educators and students, law enforcement, and people like you!

UNICEF and Child Protection U.S. Government Efforts to Where did this come from? Or rather, Active in child protection in more than Combat Human Trafficking who was involved in producing this 150 countries, UNICEF is the primary For more than a decade, U.S. lead- product? Were they treated fairly? UN agency focusing on the rights of ership in fighting human trafficking Fair Trade certified products are pro- children and approaches trafficking has won international attention and duced without slave or child labor. as a serious violation of these rights. respect. Under the Clinton Adminis- Buying Fair Trade means that the la- UNICEF works closely with govern- tration, the United States established borers involved in production are paid ments at the national and local levels a foundation for combating human fairly, receive health care, have col- to combat child trafficking. UNICEF trafficking based on the “Three Ps”: lective bargaining power, and work focuses its child protection efforts prevention, protection, and prose- under safe conditions. For more in- on: cution. In 2000, President Clinton formation on Fair Trade, visit fairtra- • Reaching the most vulnerable signed into law the Trafficking Vic- deusa.org. children, including girls, orphans, tims Protection Act. The TVPA was children living on the streets, and the first comprehensive U.S. legis- children affected by conflict and lative framework for addressing hu- natural disasters man trafficking. It was subsequently reauthorized the TVPA in 2003, 2005, • Facilitating community educa- If we are going to end 2008 and 2013. tional activities to change social modern day slavery, gov- norms, attitudes, and behaviors that make children vulnerable to ernments, nongovern- exploitation Task Forces and Coalitions ment organizations, law • Promoting gender equality and Across the country, task forces and enforcement, service ensuring that anti-violence poli- coalitions of NGOs like The Alliance providers, communities to End Slavery and Trafficking (AT- cies, programs, and services and of faith, businesses and programs are implemented from EST) and Freedom Network are de- a gender perspective, while en- veloping innovative ways to combat corporations, individuals, gaging men and boys human trafficking. all have to work together. • Supporting comprehensive ser- The reality is traffickers vices for children and their fami- make up such a small lies, including access to health, Fair Trade and Ethically social protection and welfare ser- Sourced Products fraction of the human vices, psychosocial support, and These days, consumers are so far re- race. Then there are the legal assistance moved from the source and produc- rest of us. tion process of the things they buy that they don’t often stop to think: --Rob Morris, President and Co-Founder Love146 2 Take Action: How Do I Get Involved as an Individual, Group or UNICEF Club? Now that you’ve learned about the issue and what organizations around the world are doing to combat human trafficking, you may be wondering what you can do to help. The good news is that there’s a lot you can do! Below are 22 ways to get involved.

Join or start a UNICEF Club at your high school or A child’s vulnerability to trafficking can be greatly college.1. Dedicate a week to raising awareness about 6.reduced by the consistent presence of a caring adult. human trafficking. Visitunicefusa.org/highschool or Invest in the life of a young girl or boy in your community unicefusa.org/campusinitative to get involved. by volunteering as a tutor or mentor. Get connected to an organization near you at mentoring.org.

Post the National Human Trafficking Hotline (Call 1-888-3737-8882. or Text “BeFree” 233733), around your Host a panel discussion. Speakers could include lo- neighborhood, school, or work place. The hotline handles 7.cal experts in the field, a professor knowledgeable on the calls from anyone, including witnesses, potential victims, subject of human trafficking, a member of law enforce- service providers, community members, and people ment, or a survivor of trafficking. hoping to learn more. It is toll free, and can be reached anywhere in the U.S., 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. You can download a flyer for free atpolarisproject.org/ resources/outreach-and-awareness-materials or Keep learning. Sign up for Google alerts about hu- make your own. Please ask permission before posting man8. trafficking or a newsletter from an anti-trafficking flyers in coffee shops, restaurants, business locations, etc. organization like the Polaris Project or International Jus- tice Mission.

Teach your students about human trafficking. Check3. out our K-12 educator resources for lesson plans Write an article about human trafficking for your and activities for your students at teachunicef.org. local9. or school newspaper or community blog. Don’t feel comfortable writing it yourself? Write to the editors of the paper and ask them to do a piece on it.

Find out how the work of exploited people has a direct4. effect on your life. Visit the Slavery Footprint web- site to take an online survey that helps you determine Follow us on Twitter @endtraffick, GOOD how many slaves touch the products you buy. Through (good. 10. and Google+: the site’s action center and mobile app, consumers are is/members/end-trafficking) http://uncf. invited to take action and call for ethically sourced prod- us/19JiLzr. ucts. Visit slaveryfootprint.org.

Change the conversation by working within your 11.social circles. A “pimp” is not a cool guy, but someone Learn how to spot the signs of human trafficking. who abuses and exploits women. A “prostitute” is often 5.Visit: polarisproject.org/signs. a victim of sexual exploitation. Help your friends rethink their choice of language. For tips on how to talk about these issues, visit againstourwill.org/how-to-talk- about-it.

We could eradicate slavery. The laws are in place. The multi-nationals, the world trade organizations, the United Nations, they could end slavery, but they’re not going to do it until and unless we demand it. – Kevin Bales, Free the Slaves

3 Volunteer your skills. Do pro bono legal work, Switch to Fair Trade brands, and/or host a Fair promote12. products made by survivors, or create an ar- 18.Trade Party. Fair Trade-certified products are produced tistic piece to raise awareness about human trafficking. without slave or child labor. Profits from Fair Trade products support farmers and laborers involved in production and ensure that they are paid fairly and work under safe conditions. To learn more, visit fairtradeusa.org. A Call to Men: Men have an important role to 13.play in ending human trafficking. “A Call to Men” shares ways for men to speak out against domestic violence, rape, and human trafficking, visitacalltomen.org. Also, Hoops for Hope. Dedicate a sporting event to check out Man Up at manupcampaign.org. 19.raising awareness about human trafficking. Get the team involved, have proceeds from the game go to a local anti-trafficking organization. Feature an info session at halftime and show a short video clip, have a guest speaker, or read a survivor’s story. For video suggestions Walk for freedom. Join or organize a walk in visit mtvU’s Against Our Will campaign againstourwill. your14. city to raise awareness about human trafficking. For org/videos. more information on how to organize a walk, visit for- sakengeneration.com/about/freedomwalk/.

Purchase products made by survivors of human 20.trafficking. From jewelry and handbags to lotion and soc- Organize a fundraiser to benefit UNICEF or other cer balls -- purchasing survivor-made products helps to 15.organizations that address trafficking. For tips and ideas support sustainable employment and rehabilitation pro- on how to fundraise, sign up as a UNICEF volunteer grams for survivors. Start shopping. Visit polarisproj- at unicefusa.org/actioncenter and download a fundrais- ect.org/take-action/raise-awareness/buy-products- ing toolkit. Join the End Trafficking group to share ideas made-by-survivors. with others.

Be a child-safe tourist. Children in tourist areas Host a screening of Not My Life or another film are21. especially vulnerable to physical, emotional and sex- 16.focused on the issue of human trafficking. Facilitate a ual abuse. Learn how to take simple actions to minimize discussion afterward about ways to take action. E-mail harm to children at childsafetourism.org. [email protected] to learn how you can get a copy of Not My Life along with a discussion guide.

Advocate for state laws addressing human trafficking.22. Visitpolarisproject.org/what-we-do/policy-ad - Petition the President of the United States. Ask vocacy/state-policy. Advocate for victims by visiting 17.President Obama to sign the Convention on the Rights change.org’s human trafficking petition page. of the Child. This international treaty recognizes that children are not possessions, but people who have human rights. Visit unicefusa.org/advocate to learn more.

For more ways to take action, visit unicefusa.org/endtrafficking Sign up as a volunteer to get the latest updates at unicefusa.org/actioncenter For more info on the End Trafficking project contact [email protected] 4