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Human Trafficking in America's Schools
Human Trafficking in AMERICA’S SCHOOLS 2015 JANUARY Human Trafficking in AMERICA’S SCHOOLS i This report was written under U.S. Department of Education Grant Number Q184L070139 by Jeneé Littrell of the Grossmont Union High School District. Eve Birge served as the grant monitor. This report was designed for the U.S. Department of Education under Contract Number EDESE12O0035 with American Institutes for Research, Inc. Rita Foy Moss served as the contracting officer’s representative for the National Center on Safe Supportive Learning Environments technical assistance center (NCSSLE). The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the positions or policies of the Department of Education. No official endorsement by the Department of any product, commodity, service or enterprise mentioned in this publication is intended or should be inferred. For the reader’s convenience, this publication contains information about and from outside organizations, including hyperlinks and URLs. Inclusion of such information does not constitute the Department’s endorsement. Office of Safe and Healthy Students David Esquith Director January 2015 This report is in the public domain. Authorization to reproduce it in whole or in part is granted. While permission to reprint this publication is not necessary, the citation should be U.S. Department of Education, Office of Safe and Healthy Students, Human Trafficking in America’s Schools, Washington, D.C., 2015. This report is available for free at http://safesupportivelearning.ed.gov/human-trafficking-americas-schools. Availability of Alternate Formats Requests for documents in alternate formats such as Braille or large print should be submitted to the Alternate Format Center by calling 202.260.0852 or by contacting the 504 coordinator via email at [email protected]. -
Sex Trafficking in Hawaii: the Stories of Survivors
PART II SEX TRAFFICKING IN HAWAIʻI The Stories of Survivors January 2019 ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF SEX TRAFFICKING INTERVENTION AND THE HAWAIʻI STATE COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN Sex Trafficking in Hawaiʻi: The Stories of Survivors Executive Summary January 2019 By Dominique Roe-Sepowitz, MSW, Ph.D. Arizona State University, Office of Sex Trafficking Intervention Research. Khara Jabola-Carolus, J.D. Hawaiʻi State Commission on the Status of Women Funding for this study was provided by the Kaimas Foundation. 1 Sex Trafficking in Hawaiʻi: The Stories of Survivors “I didn’t ever feel like a victim. I never felt victimized until I started listening to other things that people were saying. And then questioning, what is victimization? That is someone like me. Someone took advantage of me. Someone coerced me. That is somebody like me. And it is so obvious I am a victim. It was because when I was 15 and I thought I had it together and I knew what I wanted and I knew what I was doing and I was down for my man.” “When we called law enforcement to report her missing, they told me “if she wants to be out by herself, then let her.” “You just don’t get out of this. That doesn’t happen. I would get my ass beat.” --------From the participants in this study. “Using sex for power or punishment, or for symbolically punitive purposes…punishing, or bargaining for power through sex — these don’t appear at all in Hawaiʻiʻs old terms. Nor, for that matter does ‘selling sex.’” -Mary Pukui Kawena, Nānā I Ke Kumu, 1972 “Sexual violence is not only a means of patriarchal control, it is also a tool of colonialism and white supremacy. -
Migrant Smuggling in Asia
Migrant Smuggling in Asia An Annotated Bibliography August 2012 2 Knowledge Product: !"#$%&'()!*##+"&#("&(%)"% An Annotated Bibliography Printed: Bangkok, August 2012 Authorship: United Nations O!ce on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Copyright © 2012, UNODC e-ISBN: 978-974-680-330-4 "is publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-pro#t purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNODC would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations O!ce on Drugs and Crime. Applications for such permission, with a statement of purpose and intent of the reproduction, should be addressed to UNODC, Regional Centre for East Asia and the Paci#c. Cover photo: Courtesy of OCRIEST Product Feedback: Comments on the report are welcome and can be sent to: Coordination and Analysis Unit (CAU) Regional Centre for East Asia and the Paci#c United Nations Building, 3 rd Floor Rajdamnern Nok Avenue Bangkok 10200, "ailand Fax: +66 2 281 2129 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.unodc.org/eastasiaandpaci#c/ UNODC gratefully acknowledges the #nancial contribution of the Government of Australia that enabled the research for and the production of this publication. Disclaimers: "is report has not been formally edited. "e contents of this publication do not necessarily re$ect the views or policies of UNODC and neither do they imply any endorsement. -
Incestuous Abuse: Its Long-Term Effects
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 390 010 CG 026 765 AUTHOR Russell, Diana E. H. TITLE Incestuous Abuse: Its Long-Term Effects. SPONS AGENCY Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria (South Africa). REPORT NO ISBN-0-7969-1651-9 PUB DATE 95 NOTE 111p. PUB TYPE Books (010) Reports Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adult Children; *Child Abuse; *Family Violence; Females; Foreign Countries; *Incidence; Interviews; Parent Child Relationship; Qualitative Research; *Sexual Abuse; *Victims of Crime; Violence IDENTIFIERS South Africa ABSTRACT Despite the growing recognition of the prevalence of incest which is challenging-traditional views about the family as a safe haven for children, there is a serious paucity of scientific research on incest in South Africa in the new field of family violence. Almost a century after Sigmund Freud dismissed most women's reports of incest victimization as wishful fantasy, the extent of the damage done by this form of abuse remains controversial in South Africa, with some researchers maintaining that incest victims often suffer no severe effects. This report presents the findings of a qualitative study designed to explore the short- and long-term effects of incestuous abuse experienced by 20 adult women ince:-.t survivors. Although all but one of the in-depth interviews were conducted with women who at the time were residing in Cape Town, the places in which the incestuous abuse had occurred are dispersed throughout South Africa. The purpose of this study is to inform policy discussions on incestuous abuse, violence in South Africa, and violence against women in general. Includes information on prevalence of incestuous abuse, study methodology, characteristics of incestuous abuse, initial effects abuse; and long-terms effects. -
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE FACTS Child Sexual Abuse Is a Crime That Happens Across Race, Religion and Class and Has Lifetime Effects
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE FACTS Child sexual abuse is a crime that happens across race, religion and class and has lifetime effects. It includes any interaction between a child and an adult (or another child) in which the child is used for the sexual stimulation of the perpetrator or an observeri. Child sexual abuse is often predicated on silencing the victim, and as a result, reporting and disclosure is low. Even without knowing the full scope of child sexual abuse instances, most experts will agree that 500,000 children will be impacted by child sexual abuse per yearii. Annually, YWCA associations provide nearly 980,000 women and children with gender based violence services. At YWCA, we know that not all violence is acknowledged or responded to equally and that some victims go unrecognized altogether. Child sexual abuse survivors are often left out of the mainstream dialogue about gender-based violence altogether despite their heightened risk. YWCA is the largest network of domestic violence service providers in the country and is also dedicated to promoting women’s and children’s health and safety through a variety of local programs, legislative advocacy, and issue education. FACTS • A common myth is that child sexual abuse is perpetrated by strangers and pedophiles. But most people who sexually abuse children are our friends, partners, family members, and community members. About 93 percent of children who are victims of sexual abuse know their abuseriii. Less than 10 percent of sexually abused children are abused by a stranger. • Children are at heightened risk for sexual violence. Nearly 70 percent of all reported sexual assaults occur to children ages 17 and underiv. -
Victims of Early and Forced Marriages
5 Chapter 1: Victims of early and forced marriages The purpose of this chapter isn’t to deal term provides a clearer definition, among exhaustively with the issue of forced marriages other things, of the control exerted over a in connection (or not) with human trafficking. person within the framework of a forced marriage, with a view to their exploitation4. Instead, it aims to provide an introduction to the problem, specifically concerning minors, Forced, arranged, sham, early, customary, based on several cases that came to Myria’s white, or grey marriages: these terms are attention. frequently used and sometimes confused. What is the current situation regarding these 5 1. The concept of forced marriage terms ? The aim of European directive 2011/36 on Also note that these concepts are a particular human trafficking1 is to tackle recent source of debate when they concern couples developments in trafficking by including forms where one or both partners don’t have Belgian nationality, given that family migration of exploitation such as forced begging and the 6 exploitation of criminal activities. In this is one of the only legal migration channels . respect, preamble 11 of the directive specifies that the definition also includes other behaviours “such as illegal adoption or forced 1° for the purposes of the exploitation of prostitution or marriage, insofar as they fulfil the constitutive other forms of sexual exploitation; elements of trafficking in human beings”. 2° for the purposes of the exploitation of begging; 3° for the purposes of work or services, in conditions contrary to human dignity; The Belgian legislator, on the other hand, 4° for the purposes of organ harvesting in violation of decided not to explicitly include illegal the Law of 13 June 1986 on the harvesting and adoption or forced marriages in the definition transplantation of organs, or human biological material of trafficking and, more particularly, as a form in violation of the Law of 19 December 2008 relating to 2 the collection and use of human biological material of exploitation . -
Orphanage Entrepreneurs: the Trafficking of Haiti's Invisible Children
Protecting Children. Providing Solutions. Orphanage Entrepreneurs: The Trafficking of Haiti’s Invisible Children 2 Orphanage Entrepreneurs: The Trafficking of Haiti’s Invisible Children Authors Georgette Mulheir with Mara Cavanagh and colleagues. Contributors and researchers Eugene Guillaume, Jamie McMutrie, Ali McMutrie, Morgan Wienberg and Matthew Thomas. Orphanage Entrepreneurs: The Trafficking of Haiti’s Invisible Children 3 Contents Executive Summary 5 Purpose of this document 7 A forgotten history 7 The harm caused by institutionalisation 8 Violence and abuse in children’s institutions 9 Institutionalisation and trafficking 10 Definitions 11 Children in orphanages and institutions in Haiti 12 Trafficking in Haiti 13 The international and national legislative and policy framework 14 Research evidence on institutionalisation and trafficking of children in Haiti 15 Case evidence of trafficking children in institutions in Haiti 17 Patterns of abuse and trafficking in institutions 26 How to close an orphanage that is trafficking children 28 Outcomes of the Lumos intervention in three orphanages 30 Money: part of the problem and a possible solution 30 Faith-based funding and support of orphanages 34 Conclusions 35 Recommendations 36 4 Orphanage Entrepreneurs: The Trafficking of Haiti’s Invisible Children Orphanage Entrepreneurs: The Trafficking of Haiti’s Invisible Children 5 Executive summary An estimated 32,000 children live in orphanages in Haiti. More than 80% are not orphans. 80 years of research demonstrates the harm caused by raising children in institutions. As a result, most countries in the developed world moved away from this form of care decades ago. The Haitian government has prioritised reducing reliance on orphanage care, to ensure children can be raised in families. -
Forced Marriage & Modern Slavery
FORCED MARRIAGE & MODERN SLAVERY Freedom Network USA Conference 5-6 April 2017 Washington D.C Laura Vidal National Projects Coordinator The Freedom Partnership-to End Modern Slavery Sydney, Australia [email protected] ABOUT THE SALVATION ARMY FREEDOM PARTNERSHIP- TO END MODERN SLAVERY The Freedom Partnership-to End Modern Slavery is the national response of The Salvation Army in Australia to respond to issues related to human trafficking, slavery and slavery-like practices. The Salvation Army in Australia has been undertaking this work for coming onto 10 years; having opened Australia’s only Safe House for victims in 2008. The work undertaken by The Freedom Partnership remains independent of the Australian Government. The Freedom Partnership: . Mobilises community to effectively identify and respond to modern slavery . Engages with government, business, corporations and consumers to uncover, mitigate and remediate slavery in production supply chains . Partners with local, state and territory governments that develop and implement localised responses . Empowers survivor advocates to contribute their expertise Since Forced Marriage was criminalised as a slavery-practice in 2013, The Freedom Partnership has expanded its work in this area to address Australia’s response and strengthen protections for individuals at risk. Including delivering in the following program areas: . Community outreach and training—assisting communities to identify and appropriately respond to disclosures of early and forced marriage . Confidential advice and technical assistance—to individuals and organisations facing early and forced marriage, including information about Australia’s response framework and making referrals for assistance . Supported accommodation and case management—via Australia’s only trafficking and slavery safe house . -
Understanding and Addressing Trauma and Child Sex Trafficking
Understanding and Addressing Trauma and Child Sex Trafficking Child sex trafficking is a severe form of trauma exposure that has significant immediate and long-term consequences for survivors. According to the Unit- ed Nations International Labor Organization, in 2016 more than 1 million children worldwide were victims of commercial sexual exploitation.1 Currently, no reliable estimate of the prevalence of child sex trafficking in the US exists, in part due to its hidden nature, disparities in definitions, and methodological challenges. 2,3,4,5 What is Child Sex Trafficking? According to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, the sex trafficking of -mi nors is the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, obtaining, pa- tronizing, or solicitation of a person under the age of 18 for the purposes of a commercial sex act, defined as any sex act for which anything of value is given or received by any person.6 Who is at Risk of Child Sex Trafficking? Child sex trafficking is a geographically broad-based and growing concern across urban, suburban, and rural communities in the US, including in American Indian communities.4,7 It transcends racial, ethnic, gender, and socio-economic boundaries, although some youth appear to be at greater risk, including those who are racial and ethnic minorities; Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans- gender; runaway and homeless; and economically disadvantaged.5,8 In addition, male survivors appear to be under-identified and underserved compared to female survivors.9,10,11 Exposure to childhood trauma and -
Human Trafficking: Issues Beyond Criminalization
IA SCIEN M T E IA D R A V C M A PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM SOCIALIVM ACTA 20 S A O I C C I I F A I T L I N V M O P Human Trafficking: Issues Beyond Criminalization The Proceedings of the 20th Plenary Session 17-21 April 2015 Edited by Margaret S. Archer | Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo Libreria Editrice Vaticana • Vatican City 2016 Human Trafficking: Issues Beyond Criminalization The Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences Acta 20 The Proceedings of the 20th Plenary Session Human Trafficking: Issues Beyond Criminalization 17-21 April 2015 Edited by Margaret S. Archer Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo IA SCIE M NT E IA D R A V C M A S A I O C C I F I I A T L I N V M O P LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA • VATICAN CITY 2016 The Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences Casina Pio IV, 00120 Vatican City Tel: +39 0669881441 • Fax: +39 0669885218 Email: [email protected] • Website: www.pass.va The opinions expressed with absolute freedom during the presentation of the papers of this meeting, although published by the Academy, represent only the points of view of the participants and not those of the Academy. ISBN 978-88-86726-32-0 © Copyright 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, pho- tocopying or otherwise without the expressed written permission of the publisher. THE PONTIFICAL ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA VATICAN CITY In recent years, the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, thanks to the efforts of its President, its Chancellor and a num- ber of prestigious external collaborators – to whom I offer my heartfelt thanks – has engaged in important activities in defence of human dignity and freedom in our day. -
Intersection Forced Marriage & Human Trafficking
A PRIL Intersection 6, 2017 F 2017 6, Forced Marriage & Human Trafficking REEDOM NETWORK Moderator: Daliah Setareh Presenters: Casey Swegman USA Pooja Dadhania Laura Vidal 1. Identify forced marriage 2. Identify intersections between forced marriage and trafficking 3. Explore remedies for forced marriage 4. Discuss policies to protect forced marriage survivors and prevent forced marriage 5. Discuss the Australian model as a case study WHY ARE WE TALKING ABOUT THIS? • Forced marriage is a form of violence against women in its own right. • Forced marriage is just one part of a spectrum of other harms. • Forced marriage cases can have elements of trafficking and human trafficking survivors may have experienced a forced marriage. FORCED MARRIAGE – STORY OF L. L. is a mother of two teenaged daughters. L.’s husband began to arrange marriages for his two daughters. L. and her daughters did not agree. When they challenged him, he isolated them and beat them. L. and her daughters fled, and are currently in hiding. FORCED MARRIAGE – STORY OF R. When R. was 15 years old, her mother borrowed money from an older family friend to support R. and her siblings. The family friend believed that R. was promised to him in return. He came to R.’s home multiple times, threatening to rape R. if she did not marry him. R. was terrified and escaped to the United States alone. FORCED MARRIAGE – STORY OF F. When she was 19, F.’s family arranged a marriage for her. She and her husband were not allowed to be alone before marriage. F.’s husband became abusive very soon after they married. -
Trafficking of Women and Children for Sexual Exploitation in the Americas
Trafficking of Women and Children for Sexual Exploitation in the Americas Women, Health and Development Program Pan-American Health Organization Women, Health and Development Program Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN FOR SEXUAL EXPLOITATION IN THE AMERICAS prepared by Alison Phinney for the Inter-American Commission of Women (Organization of American States) and the Women, Health and Development Program (Pan American Health Organization) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………........... 1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK…………………………………………………………............ 1 TRAFFICKING IN THE AMERICAS........................................................................................... 3 TRAFFIKCING AND HUMAN RIGHTS............................................................................... 4 TRAFFICKING AND HEALTH.................................................................................................. 4 THE LEGAL CONTEXT........................................................................................................ 6 WHAT IS BEING DONE?..................................................................................................... 7 REFERENCES..................................................................................................................... 9 Women, Health and Development Program Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation “We came to the United States to find a better future, not to be prostitutes. No woman or child would want to be a sex slave and endure the evil that I have