Issct Xii Pathology Workshop Coimbatore, India
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Insert Report Title Here
Vegetable biosecurity & quarantine gap analysis Prue McMichael Scholefield Robinson Horticultural Services Pty Ltd Project Number: VG07087 VG07087 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the vegetable industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of the vegetable industry. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 1849 X Published and distributed by: Horticulture Australia Ltd Level 7 179 Elizabeth Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 E-Mail: [email protected] © Copyright 2008 FINAL REPORT Vegetable Biosecurity and Quarantine Gap Analysis VG07087 Prepared for : Horticulture Australia Ltd HAL Project No. VG07087 Prepared by : Prue McMichael Completion Date : September 2008 SCHOLEFIELD ROBINSON HORTICULTURAL SERVICES PTY LTD 118A Glen Osmond Road, Parkside SA 5063 Australia ACN 008 199 737 PO Box 650, Fullarton SA 5063 Ph: (08) 8373 2488 ABN 63 008 199 737 Fax: (08) 8373 2442 Email: [email protected] Web Site: www.srhs.com.au Offices in Adelaide and Mildura Scholefield Robinson Horticultural Services Pty Ltd HAL Project No. VG 07087 PROJECT LEADER Dr Prue McMichael Senior Consultant/Plant Pathologist Scholefield Robinson Horticultural Services Pty Ltd PO Box 650 Fullarton SA 5063 PURPOSE OF REPORT This Final Report has been prepared to document information acquired, analysed and considered during the review undertaken for HAL, into all aspects of the biosecurity of Australia’s vegetable industries that are members of AUSVEG. -
Downloaded from BOLD Or Requested from Other Authors
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Towards a global DNA barcode reference library for quarantine identifcations of lepidopteran Received: 28 November 2018 Accepted: 5 April 2019 stemborers, with an emphasis on Published: xx xx xxxx sugarcane pests Timothy R. C. Lee 1, Stacey J. Anderson2, Lucy T. T. Tran-Nguyen3, Nader Sallam4, Bruno P. Le Ru5,6, Desmond Conlong7,8, Kevin Powell 9, Andrew Ward10 & Andrew Mitchell1 Lepidopteran stemborers are among the most damaging agricultural pests worldwide, able to reduce crop yields by up to 40%. Sugarcane is the world’s most prolifc crop, and several stemborer species from the families Noctuidae, Tortricidae, Crambidae and Pyralidae attack sugarcane. Australia is currently free of the most damaging stemborers, but biosecurity eforts are hampered by the difculty in morphologically distinguishing stemborer species. Here we assess the utility of DNA barcoding in identifying stemborer pest species. We review the current state of the COI barcode sequence library for sugarcane stemborers, assembling a dataset of 1297 sequences from 64 species. Sequences were from specimens collected and identifed in this study, downloaded from BOLD or requested from other authors. We performed species delimitation analyses to assess species diversity and the efectiveness of barcoding in this group. Seven species exhibited <0.03 K2P interspecifc diversity, indicating that diagnostic barcoding will work well in most of the studied taxa. We identifed 24 instances of identifcation errors in the online database, which has hampered unambiguous stemborer identifcation using barcodes. Instances of very high within-species diversity indicate that nuclear markers (e.g. 18S, 28S) and additional morphological data (genitalia dissection of all lineages) are needed to confrm species boundaries. -
Pathogen of Chilo Infliscatelllls Snellen P.SIVASANKARAN, S.EASWARAMOORTHY and H.DAVID Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore - 641 007
J.Biol.Control, 4 (I), 48-51, 1990 Pathogenicity and Host Range of Beauveria nr. bassiana, a Fungal Pathogen of Chilo infliscatelllls Snellen P.SIVASANKARAN, S.EASWARAMOORTHY and H.DAVID Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore - 641 007 ABSTRACT Second and third instar larvae of the shoot borer Chilo infuseatellus Snell., were more susceptible (51.47 to 65.2%) to the fungus, Beauveria nr. bassiana even at a low dosage (105 or 106 spores/ml). At 107 spores/ml, the mortality observed was 68.53-75.93 %. Mortality of the larvae decreased with increase In larval age or decrease in the concentration of tbe fungus. The fungus took less time to cause mortality in second Instar larvae and the incubation period Increased with increase in the age of the larvae or decrease in the dosage. All the six species of phytophagous insects tested Viz., Chilo sacehariphagus in die us (Kapur), C. partellus Swinhoc, SCirpophaga exeerptalis Walker, Sesamia inferens Walker, Hello/his arnilgera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fabricius were susceptible to the fungal infection. The mean mortality of third Instar larvae varied from 50.0 to 65.0 per cent in the different species. The fungus was not infective to Sturmiopsls inferens Tns. tbe principal larval parasite of the shoot borer. Key Words: Beauveria nr. bassiana, Chilo inJuscare/lus, pathogenicity, host range The shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus Snellen sporulated abundantly. Fully sporulated fungal is cosmopolitan in distribution (Avasthy and mat along with carrot pieces was taken out. Tiwari. 1986) and poscs serious problems to thoroughly washed in water, filtered and used cane cultivation under drought and hot summer at thc required spore concentration. -
Crambidae Biosecurity Occurrence Background Subfamilies Short Description Diagnosis
Diaphania nitidalis Chilo infuscatellus Crambidae Webworms, Grass Moths, Shoot Borers Biosecurity BIOSECURITY ALERT This Family is of Biosecurity Concern Occurrence This family occurs in Australia. Background The Crambidae is a large, diverse and ubiquitous family of moths that currently comprises 11,500 species globally, with at least half that number again undescribed. The Crambidae and the Pyralidae constitute the superfamily Pyraloidea. Crambid larvae are concealed feeders with a great diversity in feeding habits, shelter building and hosts, such as: leaf rollers, shoot borers, grass borers, leaf webbers, moss feeders, root feeders that shelter in soil tunnels, and solely aquatic life habits. Many species are economically important pests in crops and stored food products. Subfamilies Until recently, the Crambidae was treated as a subfamily under the Pyralidae (snout moths or grass moths). Now they form the superfamily Pyraloidea with the Pyralidae. The Crambidae currently consists of the following 14 subfamilies: Acentropinae Crambinae Cybalomiinae Glaphyriinae Heliothelinae Lathrotelinae Linostinae Midilinae Musotiminae Odontiinae Pyraustinae Schoenobiinae Scopariinae Spilomelinae Short Description Crambid caterpillars are generally cylindrical, with a semiprognathous head and only primary setae (Fig 1). They are often plainly coloured (Fig. 16, Fig. 19), but can be patterned with longitudinal stripes and pinacula that may give them a spotted appearance (Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 14, Fig. 22). Prolegs may be reduced in borers (Fig. 16). More detailed descriptions are provided below. This factsheet presents, firstly, diagnostic features for the Pyraloidea (Pyralidae and Crambidae) and then the Crambidae. Information and diagnostic features are then provided for crambids listed as priority biosecurity threats for northern Australia. -
Biosecurity Risk Assessment
An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries RIRDC Publication No. 11/141 RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries by Dr Robert C Keogh February 2012 RIRDC Publication No. 11/141 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-007347 © 2012 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-320-8 ISSN 1440-6845 An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries Publication No. 11/141 Project No. PRJ-007347 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. -
BSES Limited
BSES Limited REVIEW OF MOTH-BORER RESISTANCE SCREENING AND REPORT ON VISIT TO SASRI by Peter Samson SR09004 Contact: Peter Samson Principal Entomologist BSES Limited PMB 57 Mackay Mail Centre, Q 4741 Telephone: 07 4963 6815 Facsimile: 07 4954 5167 Email: [email protected] BSES is not a partner, joint venturer, employee or agent of SRDC and has no authority to legally bind SRDC, in any publication of substantive details or results of this Project. BSES Limited Publication Study Tour Report SR09004 November 2009 Copyright © 2009 by BSES Limited All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of BSES Limited. Warning: Our tests, inspections and recommendations should not be relied on without further, independent inquiries. They may not be accurate, complete or applicable for your particular needs for many reasons, including (for example) BSES Limited being unaware of other matters relevant to individual crops, the analysis of unrepresentative samples or the influence of environmental, managerial or other factors on production. Disclaimer: Except as required by law and only to the extent so required, none of BSES Limited, its directors, officers or agents makes any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to, or shall in any way be liable (including liability in negligence) directly or indirectly for any loss, damages, costs, expenses or reliance arising out of or in connection with, the accuracy, currency, completeness or balance of (or otherwise), or any errors in or omissions from, any test results, recommendations statements or other information provided to you. -
Identification of Natural Enemy in Stem Borers Complex in Sugar Cane at Tendaho Sugar Factory, Ethiopia
Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. (2019). 6(1): 25-32 International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences ISSN: 2348-8069 www.ijarbs.com DOI: 10.22192/ijarbs Coden: IJARQG(USA) Volume 6, Issue 1 - 2019 Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2019.06.01.003 Identification of Natural Enemy in Stem Borers Complex in Sugar cane at Tendaho Sugar Factory, Ethiopia. Kidane T/Michael1*, Bayeh Mulatu2 and Mulugeta Negeri3 1Ethiopian Sugar Corporation, Research and Development, P. O. Box 15, Wonji, Ethiopia 2Ethiopia Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 3Department of Plant science, Ambo University, Ambo P. O. Box 19, Ethiopia *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract Field study was conducted in Tendaho sugarcane plantation to identify the natural enemy of stalk borers under field condition using four commercial sugarcane varieties during 2013/14 cropping season. From 98 surveyed fields, a total of two different cotesia species were identified. the two species of natural enemy of stalk borers: Cotesia flavies and Cotesia sesamiae were recorded at Tendaho. Among these species, Cotesia flavies were the most dominant species. Among the different factors considered variety and cuttings had a significant effect on parasitism of stalk borer. Parasitism of stalk borer increased in the season. Among the different cuttings, ratoon had a significant variation in stalk borer larvae parasitism. Moreover, among the varieties, NCO334 had showed significant variation in percent parasitism of stalk borer larvae as compared to the other varieties in the plantation. as well as, in terms of percent parasitism of stalk borer larvae in the varieties B52/298, NCO334 and N14 showed no significant variation. -
Biocontrol of Insect Pests of Sugarcane (Saccharum Sp
BIOCONTROL OF INSECT PESTS OF SUGARCANE ( SACCHARUM SP .) By *Zia-ul-Hussnain, Asia Naheed and Saadia Rizwana *Shakarganj Sugar Research Institute, Jhang, PAKISTAN ABSTRACT Sugarcane ( Saccharum sp.) crop is habitat of more than 1500 species of insects in the sugar world. Amongst these borers like Scirpophaga excerptalis , Chilo infuscatellus , Emmalocera depresella , Acigona steniellus and sucking insect pest Pyrilla perpusilla are major devastators to cause considerable loss in yield and quality of the crop. In our country primary and secondary insect pests species identified were 11, while parasites and predators species were 14 in cane fields. Studies revealed that with 75 % infestation of borers, sucrose recovery was 52 % lower. Field data on infestation of Pyrilla perpusilla showed that decline in cane yield was 18%. Biocontrol of insect pest of sugarcane crop through artificial rearing of Trichogramma chilonis was initiated from 1999 and for Chrysoperla carnea from 2002 at the institute . Results of the field studies revealed that under unreleased area of Trichogramma chilonis, the infestation of borers was 11.65% and in the released area it was 2.74 %. The acreage covered with the released of the parasites was more than 50 thousands from last five years in cane growing areas of Shakarganj Mills. It was observed that under controlled conditions Chrysoperla carnea larvae predated 80% eggs of Pyrilla perpusilla . Efficiency of biocontrol of the insect pest can be improved only with integrated management practices of the crop identified, these are resistant varieties, alternate planting dates, trash blanketing of ratoon crop, early harvesting, balanced fertigation, pest-free seed cane and field monitoring. -
~ New Record of Granulovirus on Sugarcane Top Borer, Sclrpophaga Excerptalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
1. BioI. Control, 13: 133-135, 1999 Research Note ~ new record of granulovirus on sugarcane top borer, SClrpophaga excerptalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) B. SINGARAVELU, R. NIRMALA and S. EASWARAMOORTHY Section of Entomology, Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil N adu, India A~STRACT: A gran~lovirus was found to infect sugarcane top borer, SClrp?pha,?a exc~rpt~lzs Walker for the first time. In a preliminary study, the v~us Infechon In field population was found to vary from 1.6 to 14.4 (X=.S.8) per cent. In the laboratory test, the virus caused mortality of final Instar larvae up to 55.2 per cent in 4 to 8 days after infection. KEY WORDS: Baculovirus, granulovirus, natural infection, pathogenicity, sugarcane top borer The top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis the larvae were verticalIy planted on moist Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is unique sand bed. The bed was kept moist to among the moth borers of sugarcane in that prevent shrinkage of the cane bits unti I the it is prevalent in all the sugarcane regions study was completed. The larvae in the cane and attacks all stages of the crop bits were examined periodically for (Mukunthan, 1986). In a field survey made mortality or pupation. Tissue smears of around Coimbatore for natural enemies, dead larvae and pupae were examined for some of the larvae were found dead. the presence of virus particles and the level Examination of haemolymph and tissue of virus infection was determined. The smears of dead larvae, under dark field infection level varied from 1.6 per cent microscope, revealed the presence of a during March, 1999 to 14.4 per cent in granulovirus, which was further confirmed December, 1998 with a mean of 5.8 per by electron microscopic examination. -
Ento 331 - Crop Pests and Stored Grain Pests and Their Management
ENTO 331 - CROP PESTS AND STORED GRAIN PESTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT Questions - Sugarcane Dead heart in 1-3 month old crop, which can be easily pulled out is due to attack of 1. following pest a. Early shoot borer b. Internode borer c. Top shoot borer d. Root borer Poor germination of setts after planting, characteristic semi-circular feeding marks on 2. the margin of the leaves in the standing crop are due to the attack of a. Root grub b. Root borers c. White grub d. Termite 3. Top shoot borer belongs to the family a. Crambidae b. Pyralidae c. Noctuidae d. Phycitidae Presence of bore holes with fresh excreta in the nodal region and reddening of affected 4. tissues is symptom of--------------------- Internode borer Presence of shot holes in the emerging leaves, reddening, tunnels in the midribs of 5. leaves and bunchy top are the symptoms caused by -------------Top shoot borer 6. Pre-pupal parasitoid used for control of top shoot borer ---------------- Isotima javensis Planting of sugarcane so that it escapes damage by early shoot borer - 7. December – January 8. Name the dipteran parasitoid of early shoot borer of sugarcane - Sturmiopsis inferens Bunchy top appearance in sugarcane is due to damage by _________-Top shoot 9. borer: Scirpophaga excerptalis The adult of which of the shoot borers of sugarcane is a white coloured moth with a buff 10. coloured anal tuft in the abdominal tip of female. – Top shoot borer Ichneumonid parasitoid, Isotima javensis is used against which pest of sugarcane –Top 11. shoot borer Name some resistant varieties of sugarcane against internode borer - CO 975, CO 7304 12. -
Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) As Biological Control Agents of Pests
Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) As Biological Control Agents Of Pests A Bibliography Hassan Ghahari Department of Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Campus, P. O. Box 14515/775, Tehran – Iran; [email protected] Preface The Ichneumonidae is one of the most species rich families of all organisms with an estimated 60000 species in the world (Townes, 1969). Even so, many authorities regard this figure as an underestimate! (Gauld, 1991). An estimated 12100 species of Ichneumonidae occur in the Afrotropical region (Africa south of the Sahara and including Madagascar) (Townes & Townes, 1973), of which only 1927 have been described (Yu, 1998). This means that roughly 16% of the afrotropical ichneumonids are known to science! These species comprise 338 genera. The family Ichneumonidae is currently split into 37 subfamilies (including, Acaenitinae; Adelognathinae; Agriotypinae; Alomyinae; Anomaloninae; Banchinae; Brachycyrtinae; Campopleginae; Collyrinae; Cremastinae; Cryptinae; Ctenopelmatinae; 1 Diplazontinae; Eucerotinae; Ichneumoninae; Labeninae; Lycorininae; Mesochorinae; Metopiinae; Microleptinae; Neorhacodinae; Ophioninae; Orthopelmatinae; Orthocentrinae; Oxytorinae; Paxylomatinae; Phrudinae; Phygadeuontinae; Pimplinae; Rhyssinae; Stilbopinae; Tersilochinae; Tryphoninae; Xoridinae) (Yu, 1998). The Ichneumonidae, along with other groups of parasitic Hymenoptera, are supposedly no more species rich in the tropics than in the Northern Hemisphere temperate regions (Owen & Owen, 1974; Janzen, 1981; Janzen & Pond, 1975), although -
Validation of Biocontrol Technology for Suppression of Sugarcane Top Borer, Scirpophaga Excerptalis (Fabricius) with Trichogramma Japonicum Ashmead in Punjab
Journal of Biological Control, 25 (3): 203-206, 2011 Research Article Validation of biocontrol technology for suppression of sugarcane top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis (Fabricius) with Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead in Punjab JASPAL SINGH VIRK*, RABINDER KAUR, NEELAM JOSHI AND SUDHENDU SHARMA Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, Punjab, India. Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The efficacy of Trichogramma japonicum released @ 50, 000 per ha at 10 days interval for the management of sugarcane top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis, was validated at four locations in Punjab during 2009 and 2010. The mean incidence of top borer in T. japonicum released fields (6.2%) was at par with chemical control (5.8%) but lower than no release (control) (13.7%). The mean parasitism of eggs of S. excerptalis in released field was 32.1 per cent as compared to 2.5 percent in chemical control and 3.0 per cent in no release (control) plots. The mean yield in released plots (717.6 q/ha) and insecticide treated plots (725.1 q/ha), were significantly higher than the control plots (645.8 q/ha). The cost: benefit ratio for T. japonicum (1:21.5) was wider than for chemical control (1:6.8). KEY WORDS: Sugarcane, biocontrol validation, Scirpophaga excerptalis, Trichogramma japonicum (Article chronicle: Received:18-5-2011; Sent for revision: 12-8-2011; Accepted: 4-9-2011) INTRODUCTION However, it is important to validate their impact and economic benefit in linkage with farmers, as means of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum Linnaeus) is an promoting the technology adoption. The present studies important agro-industrial crop of India.