Ento 331 - Crop Pests and Stored Grain Pests and Their Management

ENTO 331 - CROP PESTS AND STORED GRAIN PESTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT Questions - Sugarcane Dead heart in 1-3 month old crop, which can be easily pulled out is due to attack of 1. following pest a. Early shoot borer b. Internode borer c. Top shoot borer d. Root borer Poor germination of setts after planting, characteristic semi-circular feeding marks on 2. the margin of the leaves in the standing crop are due to the attack of a. Root grub b. Root borers c. White grub d. Termite 3. Top shoot borer belongs to the family a. Crambidae b. Pyralidae c. Noctuidae d. Phycitidae Presence of bore holes with fresh excreta in the nodal region and reddening of affected 4. tissues is symptom of--------------------- Internode borer Presence of shot holes in the emerging leaves, reddening, tunnels in the midribs of 5. leaves and bunchy top are the symptoms caused by -------------Top shoot borer 6. Pre-pupal parasitoid used for control of top shoot borer ---------------- Isotima javensis Planting of sugarcane so that it escapes damage by early shoot borer - 7. December – January 8. Name the dipteran parasitoid of early shoot borer of sugarcane - Sturmiopsis inferens Bunchy top appearance in sugarcane is due to damage by _________-Top shoot 9. borer: Scirpophaga excerptalis The adult of which of the shoot borers of sugarcane is a white coloured moth with a buff 10. coloured anal tuft in the abdominal tip of female. – Top shoot borer Ichneumonid parasitoid, Isotima javensis is used against which pest of sugarcane –Top 11. shoot borer Name some resistant varieties of sugarcane against internode borer - CO 975, CO 7304 12. and COJ 46 13. Aphid, Tetraneura javensis infests ________ portion of sugarcane- Root Trichogramma chilonis can be released @ ___________ for the control of internode 14. borer 2.5 ml / ha – 6 releases – 4th month onwards at 15 days intervals Sturmiopsis inferens can be released @ _________ for the contol of early shoot borer. 15. 125 gravid females .

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www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Towards a global DNA barcode reference library for quarantine identifcations of lepidopteran Received: 28 November 2018 Accepted: 5 April 2019 stemborers, with an emphasis on Published: xx xx xxxx sugarcane pests Timothy R. C. Lee 1, Stacey J. Anderson2, Lucy T. T. Tran-Nguyen3, Nader Sallam4, Bruno P. Le Ru5,6, Desmond Conlong7,8, Kevin Powell 9, Andrew Ward10 & Andrew Mitchell1 Lepidopteran stemborers are among the most damaging agricultural pests worldwide, able to reduce crop yields by up to 40%. Sugarcane is the world’s most prolifc crop, and several stemborer species from the families Noctuidae, Tortricidae, Crambidae and Pyralidae attack sugarcane. Australia is currently free of the most damaging stemborers, but biosecurity eforts are hampered by the difculty in morphologically distinguishing stemborer species. Here we assess the utility of DNA barcoding in identifying stemborer pest species. We review the current state of the COI barcode sequence library for sugarcane stemborers, assembling a dataset of 1297 sequences from 64 species. Sequences were from specimens collected and identifed in this study, downloaded from BOLD or requested from other authors. We performed species delimitation analyses to assess species diversity and the efectiveness of barcoding in this group. Seven species exhibited <0.03 K2P interspecifc diversity, indicating that diagnostic barcoding will work well in most of the studied taxa. We identifed 24 instances of identifcation errors in the online database, which has hampered unambiguous stemborer identifcation using barcodes. Instances of very high within-species diversity indicate that nuclear markers (e.g. 18S, 28S) and additional morphological data (genitalia dissection of all lineages) are needed to confrm species boundaries.
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Pathogen of Chilo Infliscatelllls Snellen P.SIVASANKARAN, S.EASWARAMOORTHY and H.DAVID Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore - 641 007
J.Biol.Control, 4 (I), 48-51, 1990 Pathogenicity and Host Range of Beauveria nr. bassiana, a Fungal Pathogen of Chilo infliscatelllls Snellen P.SIVASANKARAN, S.EASWARAMOORTHY and H.DAVID Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore - 641 007 ABSTRACT Second and third instar larvae of the shoot borer Chilo infuseatellus Snell., were more susceptible (51.47 to 65.2%) to the fungus, Beauveria nr. bassiana even at a low dosage (105 or 106 spores/ml). At 107 spores/ml, the mortality observed was 68.53-75.93 %. Mortality of the larvae decreased with increase In larval age or decrease in the concentration of tbe fungus. The fungus took less time to cause mortality in second Instar larvae and the incubation period Increased with increase in the age of the larvae or decrease in the dosage. All the six species of phytophagous insects tested Viz., Chilo sacehariphagus in die us (Kapur), C. partellus Swinhoc, SCirpophaga exeerptalis Walker, Sesamia inferens Walker, Hello/his arnilgera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fabricius were susceptible to the fungal infection. The mean mortality of third Instar larvae varied from 50.0 to 65.0 per cent in the different species. The fungus was not infective to Sturmiopsls inferens Tns. tbe principal larval parasite of the shoot borer. Key Words: Beauveria nr. bassiana, Chilo inJuscare/lus, pathogenicity, host range The shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus Snellen sporulated abundantly. Fully sporulated fungal is cosmopolitan in distribution (Avasthy and mat along with carrot pieces was taken out. Tiwari. 1986) and poscs serious problems to thoroughly washed in water, filtered and used cane cultivation under drought and hot summer at thc required spore concentration.
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Crambidae Biosecurity Occurrence Background Subfamilies Short Description Diagnosis
Diaphania nitidalis Chilo infuscatellus Crambidae Webworms, Grass Moths, Shoot Borers Biosecurity BIOSECURITY ALERT This Family is of Biosecurity Concern Occurrence This family occurs in Australia. Background The Crambidae is a large, diverse and ubiquitous family of moths that currently comprises 11,500 species globally, with at least half that number again undescribed. The Crambidae and the Pyralidae constitute the superfamily Pyraloidea. Crambid larvae are concealed feeders with a great diversity in feeding habits, shelter building and hosts, such as: leaf rollers, shoot borers, grass borers, leaf webbers, moss feeders, root feeders that shelter in soil tunnels, and solely aquatic life habits. Many species are economically important pests in crops and stored food products. Subfamilies Until recently, the Crambidae was treated as a subfamily under the Pyralidae (snout moths or grass moths). Now they form the superfamily Pyraloidea with the Pyralidae. The Crambidae currently consists of the following 14 subfamilies: Acentropinae Crambinae Cybalomiinae Glaphyriinae Heliothelinae Lathrotelinae Linostinae Midilinae Musotiminae Odontiinae Pyraustinae Schoenobiinae Scopariinae Spilomelinae Short Description Crambid caterpillars are generally cylindrical, with a semiprognathous head and only primary setae (Fig 1). They are often plainly coloured (Fig. 16, Fig. 19), but can be patterned with longitudinal stripes and pinacula that may give them a spotted appearance (Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 14, Fig. 22). Prolegs may be reduced in borers (Fig. 16). More detailed descriptions are provided below. This factsheet presents, firstly, diagnostic features for the Pyraloidea (Pyralidae and Crambidae) and then the Crambidae. Information and diagnostic features are then provided for crambids listed as priority biosecurity threats for northern Australia.
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Biocontrol of Insect Pests of Sugarcane (Saccharum Sp
BIOCONTROL OF INSECT PESTS OF SUGARCANE ( SACCHARUM SP .) By *Zia-ul-Hussnain, Asia Naheed and Saadia Rizwana *Shakarganj Sugar Research Institute, Jhang, PAKISTAN ABSTRACT Sugarcane ( Saccharum sp.) crop is habitat of more than 1500 species of insects in the sugar world. Amongst these borers like Scirpophaga excerptalis , Chilo infuscatellus , Emmalocera depresella , Acigona steniellus and sucking insect pest Pyrilla perpusilla are major devastators to cause considerable loss in yield and quality of the crop. In our country primary and secondary insect pests species identified were 11, while parasites and predators species were 14 in cane fields. Studies revealed that with 75 % infestation of borers, sucrose recovery was 52 % lower. Field data on infestation of Pyrilla perpusilla showed that decline in cane yield was 18%. Biocontrol of insect pest of sugarcane crop through artificial rearing of Trichogramma chilonis was initiated from 1999 and for Chrysoperla carnea from 2002 at the institute . Results of the field studies revealed that under unreleased area of Trichogramma chilonis, the infestation of borers was 11.65% and in the released area it was 2.74 %. The acreage covered with the released of the parasites was more than 50 thousands from last five years in cane growing areas of Shakarganj Mills. It was observed that under controlled conditions Chrysoperla carnea larvae predated 80% eggs of Pyrilla perpusilla . Efficiency of biocontrol of the insect pest can be improved only with integrated management practices of the crop identified, these are resistant varieties, alternate planting dates, trash blanketing of ratoon crop, early harvesting, balanced fertigation, pest-free seed cane and field monitoring.
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~ New Record of Granulovirus on Sugarcane Top Borer, Sclrpophaga Excerptalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
1. BioI. Control, 13: 133-135, 1999 Research Note ~ new record of granulovirus on sugarcane top borer, SClrpophaga excerptalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) B. SINGARAVELU, R. NIRMALA and S. EASWARAMOORTHY Section of Entomology, Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil N adu, India A~STRACT: A gran~lovirus was found to infect sugarcane top borer, SClrp?pha,?a exc~rpt~lzs Walker for the first time. In a preliminary study, the v~us Infechon In field population was found to vary from 1.6 to 14.4 (X=.S.8) per cent. In the laboratory test, the virus caused mortality of final Instar larvae up to 55.2 per cent in 4 to 8 days after infection. KEY WORDS: Baculovirus, granulovirus, natural infection, pathogenicity, sugarcane top borer The top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis the larvae were verticalIy planted on moist Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is unique sand bed. The bed was kept moist to among the moth borers of sugarcane in that prevent shrinkage of the cane bits unti I the it is prevalent in all the sugarcane regions study was completed. The larvae in the cane and attacks all stages of the crop bits were examined periodically for (Mukunthan, 1986). In a field survey made mortality or pupation. Tissue smears of around Coimbatore for natural enemies, dead larvae and pupae were examined for some of the larvae were found dead. the presence of virus particles and the level Examination of haemolymph and tissue of virus infection was determined. The smears of dead larvae, under dark field infection level varied from 1.6 per cent microscope, revealed the presence of a during March, 1999 to 14.4 per cent in granulovirus, which was further confirmed December, 1998 with a mean of 5.8 per by electron microscopic examination.
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Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) As Biological Control Agents of Pests
Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) As Biological Control Agents Of Pests A Bibliography Hassan Ghahari Department of Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Campus, P. O. Box 14515/775, Tehran – Iran; [email protected] Preface The Ichneumonidae is one of the most species rich families of all organisms with an estimated 60000 species in the world (Townes, 1969). Even so, many authorities regard this figure as an underestimate! (Gauld, 1991). An estimated 12100 species of Ichneumonidae occur in the Afrotropical region (Africa south of the Sahara and including Madagascar) (Townes & Townes, 1973), of which only 1927 have been described (Yu, 1998). This means that roughly 16% of the afrotropical ichneumonids are known to science! These species comprise 338 genera. The family Ichneumonidae is currently split into 37 subfamilies (including, Acaenitinae; Adelognathinae; Agriotypinae; Alomyinae; Anomaloninae; Banchinae; Brachycyrtinae; Campopleginae; Collyrinae; Cremastinae; Cryptinae; Ctenopelmatinae; 1 Diplazontinae; Eucerotinae; Ichneumoninae; Labeninae; Lycorininae; Mesochorinae; Metopiinae; Microleptinae; Neorhacodinae; Ophioninae; Orthopelmatinae; Orthocentrinae; Oxytorinae; Paxylomatinae; Phrudinae; Phygadeuontinae; Pimplinae; Rhyssinae; Stilbopinae; Tersilochinae; Tryphoninae; Xoridinae) (Yu, 1998). The Ichneumonidae, along with other groups of parasitic Hymenoptera, are supposedly no more species rich in the tropics than in the Northern Hemisphere temperate regions (Owen & Owen, 1974; Janzen, 1981; Janzen & Pond, 1975), although
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Validation of Biocontrol Technology for Suppression of Sugarcane Top Borer, Scirpophaga Excerptalis (Fabricius) with Trichogramma Japonicum Ashmead in Punjab
Journal of Biological Control, 25 (3): 203-206, 2011 Research Article Validation of biocontrol technology for suppression of sugarcane top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis (Fabricius) with Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead in Punjab JASPAL SINGH VIRK*, RABINDER KAUR, NEELAM JOSHI AND SUDHENDU SHARMA Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, Punjab, India. Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The efficacy of Trichogramma japonicum released @ 50, 000 per ha at 10 days interval for the management of sugarcane top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis, was validated at four locations in Punjab during 2009 and 2010. The mean incidence of top borer in T. japonicum released fields (6.2%) was at par with chemical control (5.8%) but lower than no release (control) (13.7%). The mean parasitism of eggs of S. excerptalis in released field was 32.1 per cent as compared to 2.5 percent in chemical control and 3.0 per cent in no release (control) plots. The mean yield in released plots (717.6 q/ha) and insecticide treated plots (725.1 q/ha), were significantly higher than the control plots (645.8 q/ha). The cost: benefit ratio for T. japonicum (1:21.5) was wider than for chemical control (1:6.8). KEY WORDS: Sugarcane, biocontrol validation, Scirpophaga excerptalis, Trichogramma japonicum (Article chronicle: Received:18-5-2011; Sent for revision: 12-8-2011; Accepted: 4-9-2011) INTRODUCTION However, it is important to validate their impact and economic benefit in linkage with farmers, as means of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum Linnaeus) is an promoting the technology adoption. The present studies important agro-industrial crop of India.
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Rice White Borer (408)
Pacific Pests, Pathogens and Weeds - Online edition Rice white borer (408) Common Name White rice borer; also known as the paddy stem borer. Scientific Name Scirpophaga nivella; however, there are other Scirpophaga species and there has been confusion between them: e.g., Scirpophaga excerptalis is a pest of sugarcane, Scirpophoga incertulas, yellow stem borer, occurs on rice as does Scirpophaga innota, white rice stem borer. Some authors consider Scirpophaga nivella to be the sugarcane top borer, and a miner pest of rice. Additionally, in the introduction to Scirpophaga nivella, PaDIL states: "This species is the same Photo 1. 'Whitehead' - a symptom caused by moth as the Australian species, Scirpophaga chrysorrhoa..." These moths belong in the stem borers: the base of the panicle is damaged preventing it from emerging or, if Crambidae. already emerged, the grain is unfilled and Distribution white. South and Southeast Asia, Oceania. It is recorded from Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, and Papua New Guinea. Hosts Rice, and species in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. Symptoms & Life Cycle The larvae do the damage, similar to other rice borer species (see Fact Sheet nos. 409, 410, 411). Photo 2. Larva white rice borer, Scirpophaga The young larvae bore into the leaf vein of a still folded leaf, making a series of holes across it - nivella. seen when the leaf is unfurled. They then tunnel through the internodes down to the growing point. The youngest, unrolled leaf, withers and dies as the larvae eat the young stem. The dead stems, known as 'deadhearts', can easily be pulled from the base of the plant.
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Integrated Management of Top Borer, Scirpophaga Excerptalis Walker in Sugarcane Crop
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2021; 10(2): 622-624 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 www.phytojournal.com Integrated management of top borer, Scirpophaga JPP 2021; 10(2): 622-624 Received: 05-01-2021 excerptalis Walker in sugarcane crop Accepted: 17-02-2021 Shyamvir Singh Shyamvir Singh and Arvind Kumar Janta Vedic Post Graduate College, Baraut, Bagpat, Uttar Abstract Pradesh, India The results of two years on larval population of top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis showed remarkable Arvind Kumar variations under the influence of various treatments and were superior over untreated control Percent Janta Vedic Post Graduate reduction in larval population of top borer showed significant variation in the treatments. Treatment of College, Baraut, Bagpat, Uttar endosulfan reduced the larval population to great extent (76.66%) followed by NPV (53.29%). The Pradesh, India treatment with NSKE proved to be less effective (41.73%) against top borer. Two sprays with endosulfan gave highest per Rupee return (Rs. 4.29) followed by treatment having sprayed with neem seed kernel extract (Rs. 3.40), whereas, lowest per Rupee return of Rs 3.14 was recorded in the treatment having two sprays of NPV (Rs 3.14). Keywords: Top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis, sugarcane crop Introduction More than 200 species of insects are known from India, however, a few are considered as most devastating. Some of the common insects of the sugarcane, among them the sugarcane top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker is the most dangerous to mid-late maturing varieties and responsible for heavy loss in cane yield to the extent of 51% (Pandey et al.
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Comparative Studies on Quantity and Quality of Pests' Incursion
Research Article Agri Res & Tech: Open Access J Volume 24 Issue 4 - June 2020 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Khalid Zamir Rasib DOI: 10.19080/ARTOAJ.2020.24.556276 Comparative Studies on Quantity and Quality of Pests’ Incursion Sugarcane grown at Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan Khalid Zamir Rasib*, Sundaisa Abru and Arif Malik University of Lahore, Institute of molecular, Biotechnology and biology, Pakistan Submission: June 10, 2020; Published: June 22, 2020 *Corresponding author: Khalid Zamir Rasib, University of Lahore, Institute of molecular, Biotechnology and biology, Pakistan Abstract Sugarcane is a vital crop worldwide well-known for many nutritious and economic uses. This study was designed to evaluate the association between sugar cane plantation and pest infestation to crop in relation to abiotic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) in tehsil Khan Pur district Rahim Yar khan from April 1 to July 30, 2019.These abiotic parameters whether have any impact on population density or not was checked. Generally cane varieties grown the Rahim yar khan are, In Pakistan, sugarcane was cultivated on 1313 thousand hectares area in 2017-18. During the last few years the average area under cultivation has increased while the average production of sugarcane falls between the ranges of 45-50 tons/hectare. Insect and pests had been reported playing havoc and main role in reducing the yield of sugarcane. The most serious insect pests limiting sugarcane production are sugarcane borers, stem borers, guard spur borer and Pyrilla. These insects pests potentially caused reduction in the sugarcane production from 15-20, 10-20 and 30-35 percent respectively.
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Screening of Sugarcane Genotypes Against Top Borer (Scirpophaga Exerptalis Walker) Infestation Kapil Paudel1*, Naresh Dangi2, Anisur Rahman Ansari3 and Rashmi Regmi4
Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources (2021) 4(2): 148-154 ISSN: 2661-6270 (Print), ISSN: 2661-6289 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i2.33694 Research Article Screening of sugarcane genotypes against Top Borer (Scirpophaga exerptalis Walker) infestation Kapil Paudel1*, Naresh Dangi2, Anisur Rahman Ansari3 and Rashmi Regmi4 1Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Singhadurbar Plaza, Kathmandu, Nepal 2National Entomology Research Centre, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal 3National Sugarcane Research Program, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Jeetpur, Bara, Nepal 4Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal *Correspondence: [email protected] *ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1091-1655 Received: June 05, 2020; Revised: October 25, 2020; Accepted: December 12, 2020; Available online: January 01, 2021 © Copyright: Paudel et al. (2021). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. ABSTRACT Fourty sugarcane genotypes with different period of maturity were evaluated against top borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker) infestation under natural field condition during 2018 and 2019 at National Sugarcane Research Program, Jeetpur, Nepal. The experiment was conducted in alpha-lattice design under natural condition of infestation using Co 0238 as susceptible check. Based on the incidence, 26 genotypes were categorized as less susceptible, eleven genotypes were found moderately susceptible to S. excerptalis. However, among less susceptible genotypes lowest incidence of 3.11 percent was recorded in genotype CoS 8432. Whereas, highest incidence of 25.24 percent was recorded in highly susceptible genotype, CoSe 98255BD 24. Most of the cane genotypes were found low to moderately susceptible, having 5 to 20% incidence of the pest.
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Evaluation of Chemical Pesticides for the Management of Top Borer (Scirpophaga Excerptalis Walker) in Sugarcane
Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources (2021) 4(1): 282-290 ISSN: 2661-6270 (Print), ISSN: 2661-6289 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i1.33289 Research Article Evaluation of chemical pesticides for the management of Top Borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker) in sugarcane Kapil Paudel1*, Naresh Dangi2, Sunil Aryal2 and Rashmi Regmi3 1Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Singhadurbar Plaza, Kathmandu, Nepal 2National Entomology Research Centre, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal 3Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal *Correspondence: [email protected] *ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1091-1655 Received: October 05, 2020; Accepted: December 10, 2020; Published: January 01, 2021. © Copyright: Paudel et al. (2021). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted at research field of National Sugarcane Research Program, Jeetpur, Nepal in 2014 and 2016, to evaluate the efficacy of chemical insecticides against sugarcane top borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker). Nine different treatments viz. Chlorantraniliprole 0.4 G, Cartap hydrochloride 4 G, Fipronil 0.3 G, Carbofuran 3 G (standard check) as soil application and foliar spray of Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Thiodicarp 75 WP, Spinosad 45 SC, Chlorpyrifos 20 EC (standard check) and one untreated check (control) were used in randomized complete block design with three replications. The top borer susceptible genotype, Co 0238 was planted on February and single application of these insecticides was done on July at brood stage against top borers. The lowest 10.65 and 12.43, 13.68, 14.61, 14.15 percentage of top borer damage was found in foliar application of Chlorantraniliprole @ 35g a.i.
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