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Hamalpheus Acanthops, New Genus, New Species, a Stygiophilic Alpheid Shrimp from a Samoan Lava Tube

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Hamalpheus Acanthops, New Genus, New Species, a Stygiophilic Alpheid Shrimp from a Samoan Lava Tube JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, 1 l(4): 583-593, 199 1 HAMALPHEUS ACANTHOPS, NEW GENUS, NEW SPECIES, A STYGIOPHILIC ALPHEID SHRIMP FROM A SAMOAN LAVA TUBE A. J. Bruce and Thomas M. Ilzfle ABSTRACT A new stygiophilic alpheid shrimp from Upolu, Samoa Islands, is described and illustrated. Hamalpheus acanthops, new genus, new species, is the only alpheid shrimp definitely known from a marine lava tube. The new genus is characterized by a conspicuous spinifom process of the anterior eyestalk and a modified caudal fan with unique holdfast adaptations. The new genus is most closely related to Betaeopsis Yaldwyn, from which it is distinguished by the presence of the above-mentioned features. A key is also provided to the 29 alpheid genera currently known from the Indo-West Pacific Region. Alpheid shrimps are abundant in marine Second pereiopods slender, carpus 5-seg- habitats, particularly in the tropics and on mented. Ambulatory pereiopods robust, coral reefs. Few occur in brackish or fresh dactyls biunguiculate; first and second per- waters and their occurrence in troglobitic eiopods with epipods. Uropod with proto- situations is particularly rare. Potamal- pod distolaterally acute, exopod with well- pheops stygicola (Hobbs, 1973) has been re- developed diaeresis, proximal margin with ported from a fresh-water cave in Mexico single lateral spine only; endopod with pair and two species of Metabetaeus, M. lohena of stout spines distally. Banner and Banner, 1960, and M. minutus (Whitelegge, 1897) occur in anchialine lava Type Species. -Hamalpheus acanthops, new and coral pools (Holthuis, 1986). The pres- species. ent shrimp appears to be the first alpheid Systematic Position. -Hamalpheus is most shrimp to be found in a marine lava tube. closely related to. the genera Betaeus Dana, SYSTEMATICACCOUNT 1852, and BetaeopsisYaldwyn, 197 1. These three genesa share the following features: Hamalpheus, new genus rostrum absent; eyes completely covered by DeJinition.-Body subcylindrical, feebly anterior carapace; carapace spines com- compressed, smooth, glabrous. Rostrum pletely lacking; first pereiopods with chelae absent; carapace without supracorneal, su- camed in extended position, with dactyl praorbital, extracorneal, or infracorneal ventrally, fingers without molar process and spines; sixth abdominal segment with pos- fossa; second pereiopods with 5-segmented teroventral angle nonarticulate; pleura of carpus; ambulatory pereiopods robust, only first 4 abdominal segments rounded, fifth first and second with epipods; uropod with posteroventrally acute; telson without dor- diaeresis of exopod nondenticulate. The sal spines, anal tubercles absent. Antenna1 closely related genera Betaeus and Betaeop- peduncles robust; stylocerite well devel- sis are distinguished primarily by the pres- oped; basicerite with large lateral tooth, ence of a moveable articulated plate at the scaphocerite normal; antenna1 flagellum ro- posteroventral angle of the sixth abdominal bust, semirigid proximally; eyes with cor- segment in the former genus and its absence nea completely covered in dorsal view, stalk in the latter. In this feature, Hamalpheus with stout, acute anterior tooth. Mouthparts resembles Betaeopsis. Hamalphas may be normal; mandible with 2-jointed palp; mo- distinguished from Betaeopsis by (1) the ab- lar process well developed, incisor process sence of dorsal telson spines, associated with dentate; third maxilliped with slender en- (2) the recurved inner posterior telson spines dopod, not suboperculate. First pereiopods and (3) the strong spines at tip of the exopod small, robust, subequal, similar; chelae car- of the uropod, and (4) the acute spinous ried extended (?), palm tuberculate medi- processes on the anterior aspect of the eye ally, fingers without molar tooth and fossa. stalk. The mouthparts in the two genera are 584 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL I I, NO 4, 1991 essentially similar. In Hamalpheus the epi- locerite well developed, slender, acute, pod of the first maxilliped is more triangular reaching to about level of distal margin of and bilobed than in Betaeopsis and that on intermediate segment; statocyst normal; in- the second maxilliped more triangular than termediate segment subcylindrical, with oval. On the third maxilliped, the lateral feeble ventromedial lamina, about as long plate of the coxa is distinctly acute in Ham- as wide; distal segment subcylindrical, alpheus, but blunt in Betaeopsis. slightly compressed, about 1.6 times longer Etymology.-From hamus, Latin, a hook, than wide; upper flagellum feebly biramous, refemng to the spines on the caudal fan, rami fused for proximal 11 segments, com- and Alpheus, a generic name first used by pressed, each segment with paired groups Fabricius (1 798). of aesthetascs ventrally; shorter free ramus with single incompletely free segment; lon- Hamalpheus acanthops, new species ger free ramus slender, about 0.6 of carapace Figs. 1-5 length; lower flagellum slender, filiform, subequal to carapace length. Material Examined. - 1 P, Station 83--034, Tosua-To- Antenna with stout basicerite, with con- lesua lava tube cave located near Lotofaga village, south spicuous triangular laminar tooth antero- coast of Upolu Island, Western Samoa, 17 April 1988, laterally; carpocerite stout, far exceeding collected by T. M. Iliffe and S. Sarbu. scaphocerite and antennular peduncle, sub- Description. -Body form subcylindrical, cylindrical, about 2.6 times longer than dis- slightly compressed (particularly carapace), tal width; merocerite and ischiocerite nor- smooth, glabrous. mal; flagellum about 2.0 times carapace Carapace with rostrum completely lack- length, proximal segments fully fused, prox- ing, frontal region broad, feebly concave, imal half of flagellum semirigid, distal half completely covering eyes in dorsal view, more flexible; scaphocerite well developed, without dorsal canna; supracorneal, extra- reaching to about middle of distal segment corneal, and infracorneal spines or teeth ab- of antennular peduncle, broad, about 1.75 sent; anterior margin of branchiostegite times longer than wide, lateral margin fee- slightly produced, broadly rounded; cardiac bly convex, with strong distolateral tooth, notch distinct. reaching about to distal margin of lamella. Abdomen with pleuron of first 3 segments Eye completely concealed dorsally by car- broadly rounded, fourth slightly produced apace, cornea hemispherical, well pigment- posteriorly, rounded, fifth strongly pro- ed, obliquely orientated on stalk; stalk ovoid, duced posteriorly, posteroventrally acute; with large acute tooth projecting anteriorly sixth segment about 1.3 times length of fifth, from anterior margin adjacent to cornea, 1.3 times longer than deep; posterolateral without setae. angle slender, acute; posteroventral angle Mandible (right) robust, with 2-segment- blunt, nonarticulate. Telson subequal to ed palp, proximal segment irregularly sub- sixth segment length, strongly convex dor- cylindrical, slightly expanded distally, non- sally, concave ventrally, without anal tu- setose, distal segment laminar, oval, with bercles, about 1.6 times longer than anterior feebly plumose marginal setae; molar pro- width, lateral margins feebly sinuous, con- cess well developed, subcylindrical, vergent, without dorsal spines, posterior obliquely truncate distally, with dense tuft margin about 0.5 of anterior width, with of longer setae proximoanteriorly; incisor small acute lateral tooth, convex, with small process very stout, deeply concave medi- inner and outer spines laterally, inner spine ally, with 5 stout acute teeth distally. Max- smaller, curved dorsomedially, outer spine illula with bilobed palp, upper lobe with 2 longer, straight, projecting posteriorly, low- setae, lower lobe with 1 longer stouter seta; er convex margin with 13 long slender seg- upper lacinia broad, with double row of 14 mented plumose setae projecting posteri- short stout spines distally, with numerous orly, upper margin with numerous shorter feebly setulose setae distodorsally, coarsely simple setae projecting dorsally. setulose setae distoventrally; lower lacinia Antennular peduncle, short, robust; prox- slender, with 4 stout spines distally, nu- imal segment about 1.9 times longer than merous serrulate setae. Maxilla with short, wide, with large ventromedial tooth, sty- tapering, angulate palp, with short simple BRUCE AND ILIFFE: NEW STYGIOPHILlC ALPHEID SHRIMP FROM SAMOA Fig. 1. Hamalpheus acanthops, new genus, new species, holotype female, Upolu, Samoa. Scale bar in mm. distal setae, several short weakly plumose without medial protuberance, sparsely se- setae proximolaterally; basal endite large, tose, with large triangular simple epipod bilobed, lobes subequal, broad, densely laterally, without podobranch. Third max- fringed with short setae medially; coxal en- illiped with endopod slender, not suboper- dite reduced, angular, with few long setae; culate, ischiomerus and basis completely scaphognathite well developed, narrow, fused, about 5.6 times longer than central about 3.5 times longer than wide; anterior width, subuniform, with few short setae dis- lobe 1.75 times longer than wide, distal half tally on lateral margin, medial margin gen- narrow; posterior lobe well developed, about erally sparsely setose; carpal segment short, 0.3 of scaphognathite length. First maxilli- 2.0 times longer than central width, about ped with slender tapering simple palp, with 0.23 of antepenultimate segment length, slender feebly plumose setae along medial centrally
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