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The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities (JIABU) The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities (JIABU) Vol. 10 No.1 (January – June 2017) Aims and Scope The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities is an academic journal published twice a year (1st issue January-June, 2nd issue July-December). It aims to promote research and disseminate academic and research articles for researchers, academicians, lecturers and graduate students. The Journal focuses on Buddhism, Sociology, Liberal Arts and Multidisciplinary of Humanities and Social Sciences. All the articles published are peer-reviewed by at least two experts. The articles, submitted for The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities, should not be previously published or under consideration of any other journals. The author should carefully follow the submission instructions of The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities including the reference style and format. Views and opinions expressed in the articles published by The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities, are of responsibility by such authors but not the editors and do not necessarily refl ect those of the editors. Advisors The Most Venerable Prof. Dr. Phra Brahmapundit Rector, Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand The Most Venerable Xue Chen Vice President, Buddhist Association of China & Buddhist Academy of China The Most Venerable Dr. Ashin Nyanissara Chancellor, Sitagu International Buddhist Academy, Myanmar Executive Editor Ven. Prof. Dr. Phra Rajapariyatkavi Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand ii JIABU | Vol.10 No.1 (January-June 2017) Chief Editor Seth Evans Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand Editorial Team Ven. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Phramaha Hansa Dhammahaso Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand Prof. Dr. D. Philips Stanley Naropa University, USA Prof. Ven. Dr. Khammai Dhammasami University of Oxford,UK Prof. Dr. Tamas Agocs Dharma Gate Buddhist College, Hungary The Most Venerable Dr. Ching Hsing Ching Cheuh Buddhist Sangha University, Chinese-Taipei Ven. Prof. Chisho Namai Koyasan University, Japan Ven. Prof. Jinwol Lee Dongguk University, Korea Ven. Prof. Dr. Yuanci Buddhist Academy of China, China Prof. Dr. Takahide Takahashi Rissho University, Japan Prof. Dr. Le Mahn That Vietnam Buddhist University, Vietnam Senior Prof. Sumanapala Galmangoda University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka Ven. Dr. Phramaha Somboon Vutthikaro Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand Dr. Rabindra Panth Nalanda Deemed University (Nalanda Mahavihar), India JIABU | Vol.10 No.1 (January-June 2017) iii Assistant Editors Ven. Phra Weerasak Jayadhammo (Suwannawong) International Buddhist Studies College (IBSC), Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand Ven. Dr. Phramaha Somphong Khunakaro International Buddhist Studies College (IBSC), Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University Ven. Dr. Phramaha Nantakorn Piyabhani International Buddhist Studies College (IBSC), Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University H.E. Janos Jelen Dharma Gate Buddhist College, Hungary Dr. Sanu Mahatthanadull International Buddhist Studies College (IBSC), Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University Dr. Soontaraporn Techapalokul International Buddhist Studies College (IBSC), Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University Staff Phramaha Wutthimet Vudhimedho Phramaha Manothai Nepakkhavedhi Ms. Orawan Topathomwong Ms. Ubonwanna Klinjuy Owner International Association of Buddhist Universities Offi ce International Buddhist Studies College (IBSC) Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University IABU Offi ce, IBSC Building, MCU, 79 Moo1, Lamsai, Wang-noi, Phra Nakorn Si Ayutthaya 13170, Thailand Tel: (6635)248-000 ext.8501, 8505 Email: [email protected] Editorial Message At the International Association of Buddhist Universities, we have several principles that we take as our guidelines in moving forward in our engagements. Here is a reminder of how we progress: IABU Vision: • Motivate future generations to gain and apply profound understanding of the Buddhadhamma in every aspect of life • Raise the quality of scholarly work within Buddhist Studies and across other academic endeavors • Contribute to meeting the challenges that face human society worldwide IABU Mission: • Support and collaborate with members to ensure humanity can benefi t from the richness and variety of the multi-dimensional Buddhist traditions • Provide a framework towards better understanding diverse policies and activities • Collaborate in administration, teaching, research and outreach • Recognize each other’s qualifi cations IABU Goals: • Propagate the Buddhadhamma through collaborative academic channels • Eliminate Buddhist sectarian, national, and institutional barriers • Raise the academic standards throughout the Buddhist world • Maximize academic potentials and abilities Volume X Number 1: Buddhism and the Brain JIABU | Vol.10 No.1 (January-June 2017) v Contributors : Bhikkhuni Tran Thi Binh, Ph.D. Candidate, IBSC Dr.Thunnawat Wattanaseth, MD, Faculty of Humanities, MCU Ven. Hui Chen, Ph.D. Candidate, IBSC Dr. Samart Sukhuprakarn, Faculty of Buddhism, MCU Asst. Prof. Dr.Siriwat Srikhruedong, Faculty of Buddhism, MCU Dr. Sompoch Srivichitvorakul, Faculty of Buddhism, MCU Nadnapang Phophichit, Ph.D. Candidate, IBSC Dinh Thi Bich Luy, M.A. student, IBSC Seth Evans, Assumption University Ph.D. Candidate Kar Lok, Ng, Ph.D. Candidate, IBSC Bhikkhunī Do Thi Thao, Ph.D. Candidate, IBSC Editorial Team vi JIABU | Vol.10 No.1 (January-June 2017) Table of Contents Editorial Message iv Where the Mind Exists: a Study of the Śūraṅgama Sūtra 1 Bhikkhuni Tran Thi Binh A Study of Meditation Effect on the Brain and Emotional Happiness by MRI Scan 14 Dr.ThunnawatWattanaseth, MD, Asst. Prof. Dr. Siriwat Srikhruedong Dr. Sompoch Srivichitvorakul The Relationship between the Brain and the Base of the Mind from 35 the Perspective of Yogācāra Buddhism Ven. Hui Chen Mind Wave: How the Mind Builds Life 46 Dr. Samart Sukhuprakarn Brain and Resilience: A Buddhist Perspective 60 Nadnapang Phophichit The Concept of Brain: An Overview 77 Dinh Thi Bich Luy Buddhism and the Mind-Body Probelm 88 Seth Evans Theoretical Study on Buddhism as a Means to Treatment to Murderers 99 with Frontal Lobe Damage Kar Lok, Ng Book Review 115 Bhikkhunī Do Thi Thao Where the Mind Exists: A Study of the Śūraṅgama Sūtra Bhikkhuni Tran Thi Binh Abstract The essential point of understanding the mind is that liberation from suffering cannot be found of outside the mind. This is demonstrated in seven places of the Śūraṅgama Sūtra, a famous Mahāyāna Sūtra. In neuroscience, the brain is the primary concern of cognition which functions as an information conduit receiving data from the sense organs and transmitting commands to all part of the body. Buddhist Philosophy deals with the mind while neuroscience deals with the brain. The permanent liberation can be found only by purifying the mind. Therefore, if we want to become free from problems and attain lasting peace and happiness we need to increase our knowledge and understanding of the mind. Keywords: Mind, Śūraṅgama Sūtra, Existence, Brain. 2 JIABU | Vol.10 No.1 (January-June 2017) Introduction A contrast between Buddhism and Science can be investigated in their respective interpretations of the mind and its functions. Some people think that the mind is the brain or some other part or function of the body. The brain is a physical object that can be seen with the eyes and that can be photographed or operated on in surgery. The mind, on the other hand, is not a physical object. It cannot be seen with the eyes, nor can it be photographed or repaired by surgery. The brain, therefore, is not the mind but simply part of the body. There is nothing within the body that can be identified as being our mind because our body and mind are different entities. For example, our body is relaxed and immobile when our mind can be very busy, darting from one object to another or going far way traveling. This indicates that our body and mind are not the same entity. In the Buddhist viewpoint, our body is compared to a guest house and our mind to a guest dwelling within it. When we die, our mind leaves our body and goes to the next life, just like a guest leaving a guest house and going somewhere else. Assuming the mind is neither the brain nor any other part of the body, the question of where the mind exists naturally follows. The Existence of the Mind The question of where the mind exists may be found in investigating the seven mind locations, that being a viewpoint of the mind as explained in the Śūraṅgama Sūtra. JIABU | Vol.10 No.1 (January-June 2017) 3 The first series of the Śūraṅgama Sūtra1 appears as a discourse between the Buddha and Ananda about the “seven places of the mind”2. First Existence Ananda pointed out the mind is located inside the body: Knowing mind is in the body, I look at the Lotus-blue eyes on the Buddha, I see that they are on his face. My understanding that my eyes are on my face whereas my knowing mind is in my body.3 Through the use of analogy, the Buddha showed that mind is not in body. The Buddha’s example follows: Ananda and the Buddha are sitting in a hall in Jetavana Park. Since he is inside the hall, he firstly sees the Tathāgata, the inside of the hall, the assembly and then sees the park outside. The reason Ananda can see outside is because the doors and windows are open. It is impossible to see what is outside without seeing inside. 1 The Śūraṅgama Sūtra
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