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American Historical Association 108th Annual Meeting San Francisco January 6-9, 1994 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION Program of the One Hundred Eighth Annual Meeting January 6-9, 1994 San Francisco Editor: Sharon K. Tune, Convention Manager Please bring your program Extra copies $400 Photo by Mark Stern LOUISE A. TILLY Professor of History and Sociology, Graduate faculty New School for Social Research President of the American Historical Association AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 400A Street, S.E., Washington, D.C. 20003 202/544-2422 1993 OFFICERS President LOUISE A. TILLY, New School for Social Research President-elect THOMAS C. HOLT, University of Chicago Executive Director: SAMUEL R. GAMMON Deputy Executive Director: JAMES B. GARDNER Editor: DAVID L. RANSEL, Indiana University Controller: RANDY B. NORELL COUNCIL LOUISE A. TILLY FREDERIC E. WAKEMAN, Jr.,past president THOMAS C MOLT SAMUEL R GAMMON ex offtcto BLANCHE WIESEN COOK ROBERT A. BLACKEY vice-president vice-president Research Division (1994) Teaching Division (1995) John Jay College-CUNY California Slate University, San Bernardino DREW GILPIN FAUST, vice-president Professional Division (1996) University of Pennsylvania CAROLE K. FINK (1994) NELL IRVIN PAINTER (1994) Ohio State University Princeton University SUZANNE W. BARNETT (1995) SAM BASS WARNER, JR. (1995) University of Puget Sound Brandeis University MARY ELIZABETH PERRY (1996) DONALD A. RITCHIE (1996) Occidental College and U.S. Senate Historical Office University of California, Los Angeles PACIFIC COAST BRANCH OFFICERS President LOIS W. BANNER, University of Southern California Vice-President F. BRADFORD BURNS, University of California, Los Angeles Secretary-Treasurer LAWRENCE J. JELINEK, Loyola Marymount University Managing Editor NORRIS HUNDLEY, Jr., University of California, Los Angeles PRESIDENTS OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 1884-85 Andrew Dickson White 1941 James Westfall Thompson 1885-86 George Bancroft 1942 Arthur M. Schlesinger 1886-87 JustinWinsor 1943 Nellie Neilson 1887-88 WilliamFrederickPoole 1944 WilliamL. Westermann 1889 Charles Kendall Adams 1945 Canton J, H. Hayes 1$90 JohnJay 1946 Sidney B. fay 1891 William Wirt Henry 1947 Thomas J. Wertenbaker 1892-93 James Burrill Angell 1948 Kenneth Scott Latourette 1893-94 Henry Adams 1949 Conyers Read 1895 George Frisbie Hoar 1950 Samuel E. Modson 1896 Richard Sa]ter Storrs 1951 Robert L. Schuyler 1897 James Schouler 1952 James G. Randall 1898 George Park Fisher 1953 Louis Gottschalk 1899 James Ford Rhodes 1954 Merle Curti 1900 Edward Eggleston 1955 Lynn Thomdike 1901 Charles Francis Adams 1956 Dexter Perkins 1902 Alfred Thayer Mahan 1957 William Langer 1903 Henry Charles Lea 1958 Walter Prescott Webb 1904 Goldwin Smith 1959 Allan Nevins 1905 John Bach McMaster 1960 Bernadotte E. Schmitt 1906 Simeon E. Baldwin 1961 Samuel Flagg Bemis 1907 J. Franklin Jameson 1962 Carl Bridenbaugh 190$ George Burton Adams 1963 Crane Brinton 1909 Albert Bushnell Hart 1964 Julian P. Boyd 1910 FrederickJackson Turner 1965 Frederic C. Lane 1911 William Milligan Sloane 1966 Roy F. Nichols 1912 TheodoreRoosevelt 1967 HajoHolborn 1913 William Archibald Dunning 1968 John K. Fairbank 1914 Andrew C. McLaughlin 1969 C. VannWoodward 1915 H. Morse Stephens 1970 R. R. Palmer 1916 George Lincoln Burr 1971 David M. Potter; Joseph R. Strayer 1917 Worthington C. Ford 1972 Thomas C. Cochran 1916-19 William Roscoe Thayer 1973 Lynn White, Jr. 1920 Edward Chanmng 1974 Lewis Hanke 1921 Jean Jules Jusserand 1975 Gordon Wright 1922 Charles H. Haskins 1976 Richard B. Morris 1923 Edward P. Cheyney 1977 Charles Gibson 1924 Woodrow Wilson 1978 WilliamJ. Bouwsma 1924-25 Charles M. Andrews 1979 John Hope Franklin 1926 Dana C. Munro 1980 David H. Pinkney 1927 Henry Osborn Taylor 1961 Bernard Bailyn 1928 James H. Breasted 1982 Gordon A. Craig 1929 James Harvey Robinson 1983 Philip D. Curtin 1930 Evarts Boutell Greene 1984 Arthur S. kink 1931 Carl Lotus Becker 1985 William H. McNeill 1932 Herbert Eugene Bolton 1986 Carl N. Degler 1933 Charles A. Beard 1987 Natalie Z. Davis 1934 William E. Dodd 1988 Akira Iniye 1935 Michael I. Rostovtzeff 1989 Louis R. Harlan 1936 Charles Mcllwain 1990 David Herlihy 1937 Guy Stanton Ford 1991 William E. Leuchtenburg 1938 Laurence M. Larson; Frederic L. Paxson 1992 Frederic E. Wakeman. Jr. 1939 William Scott Ferguson 1993 Louise A.Tilly 1940 Max Farnand PLANNING AND ARRANGEMENTS, 1994 ANNUAL MEETING Program Committee Chair: LINDA LEVY PECK MAR1LYNN JO HITCHENS University of Rochester Wheat Ridge (CO) High School Cochair STANLEY ENGERMAN GARY KULIK University.of Rochester National Museum of American History ELIZABETH CLARK PATRICK MANNING Duke University Northeastern University SHERMAN COCHRAN FRANCISCO A. SCARANO Cornell University University of Wisconsin-Madison MARK U. EDWARDS, JR. ROBERT L. HARRIS, JR. Harvard University Cornell University RACHEL FUCHS ANN-LOUISE SHAPIRO Anzona State University Wesleyan University EVELYN BROOKS HIGGINBOTHAM University of Pennsylvania Local Arrangements Committee Chair: WILLIAM N. BONDS DAVID 0 McNEIL San Francisco State University San Jose State University JUDITH ABBOTI’ EDWARD W. MORENO Sonoma State University City College of San Francisco MARTIN A, CLAUSSEN ALEXANDRA M. NICKUSS University of San Francisco City College of San Francisco CATHERINE ANN CURRY, PBVM JULYANA PEARD Institute for Historical Study San Francisco State University ROBIN L. EINHORN HENRY C. REICHMAN University of California, Berkeley California State University, Hayward MARGARET M. GOODART E. BRUCE REYNOLDS California State University, Sacramento San Jose State University LOIS L. HUNEYCUT ROBERTM. SENKEWICZ, S.J. California State University, Hayward Santa Clara University SOPHIA LEE PAUL ROBINSON California State University, Hayward Stanford University GRETCHEN LEMKE-SANTANGELO RUTH SUTER Saint Mary’s College of California Diablo Valley College YAN LI STANLEY J. UNDERDAL San Jose State University San Jose State University PAUL K. LONGMORE NANCY C. UNGER San Francisco State University San Francisco State University AHA Editorial Staff Editor and Convention Manager: Sharon K. Tune Editorial Assistants.’ Gretchen L. Miller Trinette Stewart LEGEND TO HOTEL LOCATIONS 1. San Francisco Hilton & Towers 4. Westin St. Francis Hotel 333 O’Farrell Street 335 Powell Street 2. Parc Fifty Five Hotel 5. Villa Florence Hotel 55 Cyril Magnin Street 225 Powell Street 3 Hotel Nikko San Francisco 6. Galleria Park Hotel 222 Mason Street 191 Sutter Street 6 8 13 15 TABLE OF CONTENTS Map of San Francisco Hotel Locations General Information Teaching Meetings of Affiliated Societies and Other Groups Floor Plan of Hotels 33, 34, 35 Daily Schedule of AHA & Affiliate Sessions 36 Joint and Sponsored Sessions 45 AHA Sessions 47 Luncheons .59, 60, 85, 86 Topical Index 120 Index of Participants 122 Scholars from Abroad 132 Exhibitors * 135 Awards and Pnzes for 1994 * * . * 139 Fifty-Year Members * * * * 141 Annual Reports of the Executive Director * * * * 143 Editor, AHR * * * * 147 Controller * * * * 149 Advertisers * * * * 168 GENERAL INFORMATION The Association’s 108th annual meeting will be held in San Francisco, California, headquartered at the San Francisco Hilton and Towers. Many of the profession’s most distinguished members will be present to deliver papers, and over seven hundred and fifty scholars, including seventy-seven foreign scholars, will participate in the three-day meeting. In addition, over three dozen specialized societies will be meeting in conjunction with the AHA. Each society will be holding its own sessions, luncheons and/or meetings, as well as joint sessions with the Association. Louise A, Tilly of the New School for Social Research will deliver the presidential address on the evening of January 7, and the recipients of the 1993 book awards, honorary foreign membership, the Awards for Scholarly Distinction, the Nancy Lyman Roelker Mentorship Award, the John O’Connor Film Award, and the Eugene Asher Distinguished Teaching Award will be announced. Noted below are the locations of various events: AHA Sessions Hilton and Parc fifty five hotels Affiliated Society Events Hilton and Parc Fifty Five hotels AHA Headquarters/Staff Office Hilton, Main Room Press Room Hilton, Saratoga Room Local Arrangements Committee Office Hilton, Saratoga Room AHA Job Register Hilton, Yosemite Ballroom AHA Meeting Registration Hilton, Continental Ballroom Foyer Meal Ticket Cashiers Hilton, Continental Ballroom Foyer Book Exhibits Hilton, Grand Ballroom ACCOMMODATIONS The AHA has reserved substantial blocks of rooms at six downtown San Francisco hotels: the San Francisco Hilton, the Parc Fifty Five, the Hotel Nikko, the Westin St. Francis, the Galleria Park, and the Villa Florence hotels. The San Francisco Hilton and Towers Hotel (415/771 -1400), located at 3330’ Farrell Street, will serve as headquarters and house the AHA book exhibits and the Job Register. The Parc Fifty Five Hotel (415/392-8000) is located at 55 Cyril Magnin Street and will host AHA sessions and affiliated society sessions and events. Rates at the two hotels will be $89 single and $98 double. B lock of rooms have also been reserved at the Hotel Nikko (415/394-1111), 222 Mason Street, with rates at $99 single and $125 doubles and at the Westin St. Francis (415/397-7000), 335 Powell Street, with rates at $125 for singles and doubles. The side entrances of the Nikko and the Parc Fifty Five are directly across the street from the Hilton and the St. Francis is one block from the Hilton. In addition, a limited number