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European Science Review European science review № 3–4 2018 March–April PREMIER Vienna Publishing 2018 European Sciences review Scientific journal № 3–4 2018 (March–April) ISSN 2310-5577 Editor-in-chief Lucas Koenig, Austria, Doctor of Economics International editorial board Abdulkasimov Ali, Uzbekistan, Doctor of Geography Kocherbaeva Aynura Anatolevna, Kyrgyzstan, Doctor of Economics Adieva Aynura Abduzhalalovna, Kyrgyzstan, Doctor of Economics Kushaliyev Kaisar Zhalitovich, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Arabaev Cholponkul Isaevich, Kyrgyzstan, Doctor of Law Lekerova Gulsim, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Psychology Zagir V. Atayev, Russia, Ph.D. of of Geographical Sciences Melnichuk Marina Vladimirovna, Russia, Doctor of Economics Akhmedova Raziyat Abdullayevna, Russia, Doctor of Philology Meymanov Bakyt Kattoevich, Kyrgyzstan, Doctor of Economics Balabiev Kairat Rahimovich, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Law Moldabek Kulakhmet, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Education Barlybaeva Saule Hatiyatovna, Kazakhstan, Doctor of History Morozova Natalay Ivanovna, Russia, Doctor of Economics Bestugin Alexander Roaldovich, Russia, Doctor of Engineering Sciences Moskvin Victor Anatolevich, Russia, Doctor of Psychology Boselin S.R. Prabhu, India, Doctor of Engineering Sciences Nagiyev Polad Yusif, Azerbaijan, Ph.D. of Agricultural Sciences Bondarenko Natalia Grigorievna, Russia, Doctor of Philosophy Naletova Natalia Yurevna, Russia, Doctor of Education Bogolib Tatiana Maksimovna, Ukraine, Doctor of Economics Novikov Alexei, Russia, Doctor of Education Bulatbaeva Aygul Abdimazhitovna, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Education Salaev Sanatbek Komiljanovich, Uzbekistan, Doctor of Economics Chiladze George Bidzinovich, Georgia, Doctor of Economics, Doctor of Law Shadiev Rizamat Davranovich, Uzbekistan, Doctor of Education Dalibor M. Elezović, Serbia, Doctor of History Shhahutova Zarema Zorievna, Russia, Ph.D. of Education Gurov Valeriy Nikolaevich, Russia, Doctor of Education Soltanova Nazilya Bagir, Azerbaijan, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D. of History) Hajiyev Mahammad Shahbaz oglu, Azerbaijan, Doctor of Philosophy Spasennikov Boris Aristarkhovich, Russia, Doctor of Law Ibragimova Liliya Ahmatyanovna, Russia, Doctor of Education Spasennikov Boris Aristarkhovich, Russia, Doctor of Medicine Blahun Ivan Semenovich, Ukraine, Doctor of Economics Suleymanov Suleyman Fayzullaevich, Uzbekistan, Ph.D. of Medicine Ivannikov Ivan Andreevich, Russia, Doctor of Law Suleymanova Rima, Russia, Doctor of History Jansarayeva Rima, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Law Tereschenko-Kaidan Liliya Vladimirovna, Ukraine, Doctor of Philosophy Khubaev Georgy Nikolaevich, Russia, Doctor of Economics Tsersvadze Mzia Giglaevna, Georgia, Doctor of Philology Khurtsidze Tamila Shalvovna, Georgia, Doctor of Law Vijaykumar Muley, India, Doctor of Biological Sciences Khoutyz Zaur, Russia, Doctor of Economics Yurova Kseniya Igorevna, Russia, Ph.D. of History Khoutyz Irina, Russia, Doctor of Philology Zhaplova Tatiana Mikhaylovna, Russia, Doctor of Philology Korzh Marina Vladimirovna, Russia, Doctor of Economics Zhdanovich Alexey Igorevich, Ukraine, Doctor of Medicine Proofreading Editorial office Kristin Theissen Premier Publishing s.r.o. Praha 8 – Karlín, Lyčkovo nám. 508/7, PSČ 18600 Cover design E-mail: Andreas Vogel [email protected] Additional design Homepage Stephan Friedman ppublishing.org European Journal of Arts is an international, German/English/Russian language, peer-reviewed journal. It is published bimonthly with circulation of 1000 copies. The decisive criterion for accepting a manuscript for publication is scientific quality. All research articles published in this journal have undergone a rigor- ous peer review. Based on initial screening by the editors, each paper is anonymized and reviewed by at least two anonymous referees. Recommending the articles for publishing, the reviewers confirm that in their opinion the submitted article contains important or new scientific results. Premier Publishing s.r.o. is not responsible for the stylistic content of the article. The responsibility for the stylistic content lies on an author of an article. Instructions for authors Full instructions for manuscript preparation and submission can be found through the Premier Publishing s.r.o. home page at: http://www. ppublishing.org. Material disclaimer The opinions expressed in the conference proceedings do not necessarily reflect those of the Premier Publishing s.r.o., the editor, the editorial board, or the organization to which the authors are affiliated. Premier Publishing s.r.o. is not responsible for the stylistic content of the article. The responsibility for the stylistic content lies on an author of an article. Included to the open access repositories: The journal has the GIF impact factor 1.26 for 2017. © Premier Publishing s.r.o. All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher. Typeset in Berling by Ziegler Buchdruckerei, Linz, Austria. Printed by Premier Publishing s.r.o., Vienna, Austria on acid-free paper. FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE CASTANEA SATIVA MILL Section 1. Biology Aliyev Bahman Musa oglu, Ph D., in Biology, docent, Azerbaijan State Agrarian University, Qabilov Malik Yusif oglu, PhD., in Biology, docent, Azerbaijan State Agrarian University, Aliyeva İlaha Fizuli qızı, PhD., in Biology, Senior lecturer, Azerbaijan State Agrarian University, E-mail: [email protected] FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE CASTANEA SATIVA MILL Abstract: One of the most valuable tree species, which has the most diverse application. Very valuable fruit tree. In addition, it has valuable wood, is a good tanning, dyeing, nectar source plant and very decorative. Chestnut kernels are very nutritious and used for food in boiled, baked and raw form. Keywords: Castanea sativa, anatomical, structure, vegetative organs. The tree is up to 30–35 m in height and 1.5–2 m in ful core root system. Heat-loving breed, strongly suffers diameter, with a wide, spreading crown. The buds are from frostbite [4]. large, ovate in dark brown color. Leaves are 10–25 cm The main constituent of chestnut nuts is carbohy- long, narrowed to the base, glabrous from above, dense- drates, to a lesser extent proteins and fats. In immature ly pubescent from below. The petiole is 1.5–2.5 cm chestnut nuts, a high content of vitamin C (1500 mg% long. Staminate flowers are yellowish, fragrant, pistil in fresh fruits) and a significant amount of vitamin B are flowers 1–3, in glomeruli. Fruit is a nut. Propagates by found. Chestnut leaves contain the highest amount of nuts and gives a great shoot of stump and root offspring. vitamin K (600–800 biological units) among plants. Tan- The best results are given by autumn crops. For spring nins are found in wood, bark, leaves and nuts. From the sowing it is necessary to store the seeds in winter on bark, as well as from the leaves of young branches, black dry areas. Trees of sprouts origin bear fruit from the and brown colors are obtained. Fruit oil, bark extract and age of 12–16, in planting on the 25–40th year; full fruit- leaves are used in medicine. The wood is sound, light ing comes from age 50. In the harvest years, one adult brown, when stored, becomes reddish brown, light, hard, chestnut tree gives 50–65 kg of chestnuts. From one very strong, used in construction [3]. hectare of chestnut trees an average of one ton of nuts High decorative qualities of the tree are due to the is collected [1]. powerful growth, beautiful bark, huge spreading bark, Rapidly growing and very durable breed, reaching beautiful large foliage. In green construction is suitable the age of more than 1000 years. In the forest, chestnuts for creating avenues, deserves a wide breeding in the older than 200 years of age are rare. Develops a power- gardens. 3 Section 1. Biology Anatomical analysis of vegetative organs of the cuticle layer. The leaf is hypostomatic, stomata are small, Castanea sativa Mill sparse, randomly oriented. On the upper epidermis sto- Theleaf has a dorsoventral structure. The adaxial side mata are not observed. Under the epidermis, the cells of of a sheet is strictly different from the abaxial. The leaf the palisade parenchyma are located in one row. Inside on both sides is covered with a single-layered epidermis. the spongy parenchyma is observed [2]. There is a strong In the transverse section, the epidermal cells are small, development of the central vein, over which there is a the cell walls are thin. Over the epidermis is located the protrusion. Figure 1 Anatomical structure of the leaf of the Castanea sativa – 1 – epidermis, 2 – palisade parenchyma, 3 – spongy parenchyma, 4 – xylem, 5 – phloem, 6 – mechanical fibers The petiole of the leaf is covered with a single- cupied by the conducting tissue. Conductive bundles row epidermis with papillae. Under the epidermis are are of various sizes: large and small, bicollateral. The located in 3–4 rows of the cage of the angular col- bundles surround the 6–7-row of sclerenchyma. Ori- lenchyma. The mass of the stalk structure is the main entation of xylem and phloem is centripetal, xylem parenchyma. The main weight of the petiole is oc- rays are numerous. Figure 2 Anatomical structure of the petiole of the Castanea sativa – 1 – epidermis, 2 – trichome, 3 – angular collenchyma, 4 – parenchyma, 5 – sclerenchyma, 6 – phloem, 7 – xylem, 8 – reserve nutrients 4 FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE
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