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t9761 PALM BRIEFS 119 PALM BRIEFS and again in January, 1970, aI the same or different localities within the same A NomenclqlurqlNole on district. The collector also observed Hyophorbe female and male inflorescences on the A monographic study of the genus same group of plants at dif{erent times. Hyophorbe is in preparation,but one o{ From the detailed description, the palm the conclusionsrequires advance publi- appears to be monocarpic, a character- cation in order to provide a name that istic of most of the caryotoid group of can be used in Hortus Third, and,in an- palms"(Moore, 1973). In monocarpic other publication. It has become clear habit, inflorescences develop basipetally that the genus Mascarena is not ade- from a terminal in{lorescence which is quately separated fuom Hyophorbe and generally a female, followed by axillary that the palm commonly cultivated as male inflorescences. This monocarpic Mascarena lagenicaulis must be trans- habit is seen in all three genera {erred to the older genus. Study has (Arenga, Caryota, Wallichia) of the shown that MascarenareuaughaniiL. H. caryotoid group. Arenga Labill. has Bailey is not different [rom M. lageni- imparipinnate or undivided leaves,often caulis, and in combining the two I am aggregate inflorescences, distinct sepals taking up the epithet that is descriptive and petals in staminate flowers, numer- and not likely to be confused with Hyo- ous stamens, trilocular ovary with 2-3 phorbe uaughanii. fertile locules, and homogeneousendo- The five species are: sperm. Caryota L. has bipinnate leaves, solitary inflorescences,reduction of fer- Hyophorbe amaricaulis Martius tile locules to I-2, and development of Hyophorbe indica Gaertner J. -
WRA Species Report
Family: Arecaceae Taxon: Hyophorbe verschaffeltii Synonym: Mascarena vershaffeltii L. H. Bailey Common Name: Spindle palm Palmiste Marron Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score -5 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n -
1 Ornamental Palms
1 Ornamental Palms: Biology and Horticulture T.K. Broschat and M.L. Elliott Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA D.R. Hodel University of California Cooperative Extension Alhambra, CA 91801, USA ABSTRACT Ornamental palms are important components of tropical, subtropical, and even warm temperate climate landscapes. In colder climates, they are important interiorscape plants and are often a focal point in malls, businesses, and other public areas. As arborescent monocots, palms have a unique morphology and this greatly influences their cultural requirements. Ornamental palms are over- whelmingly seed propagated, with seeds of most species germinating slowly and being intolerant of prolonged storage or cold temperatures. They generally do not have dormancy requirements, but do require high temperatures (30–35°C) for optimum germination. Palms are usually grown in containers prior to trans- planting into a field nursery or landscape. Because of their adventitious root system, large field-grown specimen palms can easily be transplanted. In the landscape, palm health and quality are greatly affected by nutritional deficien- cies, which can reduce their aesthetic value, growth rate, or even cause death. Palm life canCOPYRIGHTED also be shortened by a number of MATERIAL diseases or insect pests, some of which are lethal, have no controls, or have wide host ranges. With the increasing use of palms in the landscape, pathogens and insect pests have moved with the Horticultural Reviews, Volume 42, First Edition. Edited by Jules Janick. 2014 Wiley-Blackwell. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1 2 T.K. BROSCHAT, D.R. HODEL, AND M.L. -
Hyophorbe Verschaffeltii, Spindle Palm1
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. FOR 241 Hyophorbe verschaffeltii, Spindle Palm1 Melissa H. Friedman, Michael G. Andreu, Heather V. Quintana, and Mary McKenzie2 Family Description Arecaceae, palm family. This palm is endemic to the Mascarene Islands, which are located to the east of Madagascar in the Genus Indian Ocean. The palm naturally inhabits the well-drained sandy soils of upland forests and coastal Hyophorbe is a combination of two Greek words: savannas. In the United States, this palm grows in hyo meaning "pig, hog" and phorb, meaning "feed, south Florida, extreme southern California, and the fodder." The name is thought to come from the use of Hawaiian Islands. This slow-growing tree can reach the palm's fruit for pig fodder. heights that range from 20 to 25 feet, growing best in full sunlight. The pinnately compound leaves or Species fronds can grow from 6 to 10 feet long and are The species name, verschaffeltii, is the Latinized attached to a petiole that can extend nearly one foot version of the person's surname for which this palm long. Its lance-shaped leaflets are dark green, was named: Verschaffelt, a Belgian nurseryman of approximately 2 1/2 feet long, and grow out of the the 19th century. rachis at different angles, giving the leaf a feathery look. The trunk is light gray, has rings around it, and Common Name is most swollen at the midpoint of its total height. On top of the trunk sits a bright green crownshaft (from spindle palm which the fronds emerge) that has a smooth, waxy surface and can reach 2 to 3 feet in height. -
Notes on the Conservation Status of Mauritian Palms
PALMS Ludwig et al.: Mauritian Palms Vol. 54(2) 2010 NICOLE LUDWIG P.O. Box 6, 97429 Petite Île, La Réunion, France Notes on the [email protected] CHRISTOPHE LAVERGNE Conservation 5 allée des Azalées, 97429 Petite Île, La Réunion, France Status of christophe.lavergne@univ- Mauritian reunion.fr AND Palms JEAN-CLAUDE SEVATHIAN Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Vacoas, Mauritius jcsevathian@mauritian- wildlife.org 1. Blue latan savannah on Round Island; photo by C. Lavergne. Mauritius, the uninhabited Round Island and several smaller islets are part of the Republic of Mauritius. These islands, with La Réunion and Rodrigues, constitute the Mascarene archipelago located in the Indian Ocean, off the east coast of Madagascar. They have a unique flora and fauna. Many Mauritian palms are more common in cultivation elsewhere in the world than they are in the wild. This paper investigates the precarious state of the palms of Mauritius in their natural habitat (Fig. 1). PALMS 54(2): 77–93 77 PALMS Ludwig et al.: Mauritian Palms Vol. 54(2) 2010 Table 1. The nine native palm taxa described in Mauritius. Scientific name Local name Endemic range Acanthophoenix rubra (Bory) Palmiste rouge Mauritius & Reunion H. Wendl. Acanthophoenix sp. Florin Palmiste piquant Mauritius Dictyosperma album (Bory) Palmiste blanc Mauritius & Reunion H. Wendl. et Drude ex Scheff. var. album Dictyosperma album var. Palmiste de l’Île Ronde Round Island conjugatum Moore et Guého Hyophorbe amaricaulis Mart. No local name recorded Mauritius Hyophorbe lagenicaulis Palmiste bonbonne Round Island (L.H. Bailey) H.E. Moore Hyophorbe vaughanii L.H. Bailey No local name recorded Mauritius Latania loddigesii Mart. -
Insects on Palms
Insects on Palms i Insects on Palms F.W. Howard, D. Moore, R.M. Giblin-Davis and R.G. Abad CABI Publishing CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International CABI Publishing CABI Publishing CAB International 10 E 40th Street Wallingford Suite 3203 Oxon OX10 8DE New York, NY 10016 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 (212) 481 7018 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 (212) 686 7993 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Web site: www.cabi.org © CAB International 2001. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro- duced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Insects on palms / by Forrest W. Howard … [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-85199-326-5 (alk. paper) 1. Palms--Diseases and pests. 2. Insect pests. 3. Insect pests--Control. I. Howard, F. W. SB608.P22 I57 2001 634.9’74--dc21 00-057965 ISBN 0 85199 326 5 Typeset by Columns Design Ltd, Reading Printed and bound in the UK by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn Contents List of Boxes vii Authors and Contributors viii Acknowledgements x Preface xiii 1 The Animal Class Insecta and the Plant Family Palmae 1 Forrest W. Howard 2 Defoliators of Palms 33 Lepidoptera 34 Forrest W. Howard and Reynaldo G. Abad Coleoptera 81 Forrest W. -
1 Palm Tree Susceptibility to Hemi-Epiphytic Parasitism By
PALM TREE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HEMI-EPIPHYTIC PARASITISM BY FICUS BY GREGORY KRAMER A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Gregory Kramer 2 To my parents for always supporting my curiosity for the sciences and allowing me to follow that curiosity through education 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to sincerely thank my entire supervisory committee, Dr. Kimberly Moore, Dr. George E. Fitzpatrick, and Dr. Wagner Vendrame for making my learning experience at UF an exceptional one. A special acknowledgment to Dr. Moore, for encouraging me to pursue my degree, and, and for being a constant source of guidance throughout my studies. I would also like to thank the staff of Montgomery Botanical Center for allowing me to use the facility to conduct my research, in particular, Dr. Patrick Griffith, Executive Director; Arantza A. Strader, Database Supervisor; and Vickie Murphy, Nursery Curator. And finally to my entire family, who have supported my curiosity for the sciences from a young age, in particular, Dave, Nancy and Emil. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 6 LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... -
Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Activity of Hyophorbe Verschaffeltii (Arecaceae)
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2016; 5(2): 39-46 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2016; 5(2): 39-46 Phytochemical investigation and antioxidant activity of Received: 17-01-2016 Accepted: 18-02-2016 Hyophorbe verschaffeltii (Arecaceae) Mohamed R Elgindi A) Department of Mohamed R Elgindi, Abd El-Nassar B Singab, Shaza H Aly, Ibrahim I Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Mahmoud Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt. B) Department of Abstract Pharmacognosy, Faculty of The investigation was carried out for isolation and characterization of the possible phytochemical Pharmacy, Helwan University, compounds of leaves of Hyophorbe verschaffeltii and determination of its antioxidant activity. The air Cairo, Egypt. dried leaves of Hyophorbe verschaffeltii were extracted with 70% methanol. The chromatographic investigation for aqueous fraction lead to isolation of five compounds by Column chromatography, thin Abd El-Nassar B Singab layer chromatography (TLC), Preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and paper chromatography. Department of Pharmacognosy, The isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic techniques as 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams 70% methanolic extract was assayed for its antioxidant activity in vivo by CCl4-induced hepatic injury University, Cairo, Egypt. technique and levels of serum liver enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined, also Oxidative Damage Markers as superoxide dismutase Shaza H Aly (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue were studied. Hyophorbe verschaffeltii (Arecaceae) Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr afforded aqueous fraction from which five compounds Quercetin (compound H-1), Quercetin 7, 3', 4' University in Cairo, Cairo, trimethoxy (compound H-4), Luteolin (compound H-5), Cannigenin (compound H-2) and Brisbagenin Egypt. -
The Decline and Conservation Management of the Threatened Endemic Palms of the Mascarene Islands
Oryx Vol 36 No 1 January 2002 The decline and conservation management of the threatened endemic palms of the Mascarene Islands Mike Maunder, Wayne Page, John Mauremootoo, Richard Payendee, Yousoof Mungroo, Aleks Maljkovic, Christian Vericel and Ben Lyte Abstract The conservation status of the five genera population fragmentation, invasive plants and animals, and 11 species of palm endemic to the Mascarene Islands and high levels of seed predation that prevent natural (Mauritius, La Re´union and Rodriques) are reviewed. regeneration. The advantages of in situ management for All species are threatened with extinction; nine taxa the recovery of these palm populations are discussed. are classified as Critically Endangered and four as Without a long-term conservation programme, utilising Endangered on the 2000 IUCN Red List. Two taxa both in situ and ex situ management, extinction of wild survive as single wild specimens (Hyophorbe amaricaulis populations will occur. and Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum); an additional seven taxa have wild populations of 100 or fewer. Keywords Acanthophoenix, Dictyosperma, ex situ, Although the historical phase of large-scale forest clear- Hyophorbe, in situ, Latania, Mascarene Islands, palms, ance has passed, the remaining palm populations in Tectiphiala. the Mascarenes are under threat from the eCects of of the challenges in managing threatened island plants, Introduction and the endemic species include some of the most widely The Mascarene Islands are situated to the east of cultivated commercial and ornamental palm species in Madagascar in the south-west Indian Ocean (Fig. 1). the world (Maunder et al., 2001). They consist of three main islands: Mauritius and The palm family Arecaceae is represented in the Rodrigues, comprising The Republic of Mauritius, and Mascarenes by 11 species in five endemic genera (Moore La Re´union, a French Overseas Department. -
Ancient Polyploidy and Genome Evolution in Palms
Faculty & Staff Scholarship 2019 Ancient Polyploidy and Genome Evolution in Palms Craig F. Barrett Michael R. McKain Brandon T. Sinn Xue Jun Ge Yuqu Zhang See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Biology Commons Authors Craig F. Barrett, Michael R. McKain, Brandon T. Sinn, Xue Jun Ge, Yuqu Zhang, Alexandre Antonelli, and Christine D. Bacon GBE Ancient Polyploidy and Genome Evolution in Palms Craig F. Barrett1,*, Michael R. McKain2, Brandon T. Sinn1, Xue-Jun Ge3, Yuqu Zhang3, Alexandre Antonelli4,5,6, and Christine D. Bacon4,5 1Department of Biology, West Virginia University 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama 3Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article-abstract/11/5/1501/5481000 by guest on 05 May 2020 4Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden 5Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Go¨ teborg, Sweden 6Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: April 19, 2019 Data deposition: This project has been deposited at the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under the accession BioProject (PRJNA313089). Abstract Mechanisms of genome evolution are fundamental to our understanding of adaptation and the generation and maintenance of biodiversity, yet genome dynamics are still poorly characterized in many clades. Strong correlations between variation in genomic attributes and species diversity across the plant tree of life suggest that polyploidy or other mechanisms of genome size change confer selective advantages due to the introduction of genomic novelty. -
Ontogeny and Structure of the Acervulate Partial Inflorescence in Hyophorbe Lagenicaulis (Arecaceae; Arecoideae)
Annals of Botany 108: 1517–1527, 2011 doi:10.1093/aob/mcr149, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON PALM BIOLOGY Ontogeny and structure of the acervulate partial inflorescence in Hyophorbe lagenicaulis (Arecaceae; Arecoideae) N. Ortega-Cha´vez and F. W. Stauffer* Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Gene`ve, Universite´ de Gene`ve, laboratoire de syste´matique ve´ge´tale et biodiversite´, CP 60, CH-1292 Chambe´sy/GE, Switzerland * For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] Received: 8 December 2010 Returned for revision: 4 January 2011 Accepted: 29 March 2011 Published electronically: 28 June 2011 † Background and Aims The palm tribe Chamaedoreeae displays flowers arranged in a complex partial inflores- cence called an acervulus. This type of partial inflorescence has so far not been reported elsewhere in the largest palm subfamily Arecoideae, which is traditionally characterized by flowers predominantly arranged in triads of one central female and two lateral male flowers. The ontogenetic basis of the acervulus is as yet unknown and its structural diversity throughout the genera of the Chamaedoreeae poorly recorded. This study aims to provide criti- cal information on these aspects. † Methods Developmental series and mature inflorescences were sampled from plants cultivated in international botanical gardens and wild populations. The main techniques employed included scanning electronic microscopy and serial anatomical sectioning of resin-embedded fragments of rachillae. † Key Results Inflorescence ontogeny in Hyophorbe lagenicaulis demonstrates that the acervulus and the inflor- escence rachilla form a condensed and cymose branching system resembling a coenosome. Syndesmy results from a combined process of rapid development and adnation, without or with reduced axis elongation. -
Comparison of Floral Structure and Ontogeny in Monoecious and Dioecious Species of the Palm Tribe Chamaedoreeae (Arecaceae; Arecoideae)
Int. J. Plant Sci. 177(3):000–000. 2016. q 2016 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 1058-5893/2015/17703-00XX$15.00 DOI: 10.1086/684262 COMPARISON OF FLORAL STRUCTURE AND ONTOGENY IN MONOECIOUS AND DIOECIOUS SPECIES OF THE PALM TRIBE CHAMAEDOREEAE (ARECACEAE; ARECOIDEAE) Felipe Castaño,* Xavier Marquínez,† Michèle Crèvecoeur,‡ Myriam Collin,* Fred W. Stauffer,§ and James W. Tregear1,* *Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche–Diversité, Adaptation, et Développement des Plantes, Centre IRD Montpellier, BP 64501, 911, avenue Agropolis, cedex 5, 34394 Montpellier, France; †Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de q1 Colombia, sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 45-03, Edificio 421, Bogotá, Colombia; ‡Université de Genève, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Botanique et Biologie Végétale, quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland and §Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Université de Genève, Laboratoire de Systématique Végétale et Biodiversité, CP 60, CH-1292 Chambésy, Switzerland Editor: Bruce K. Kirchoff Premise of research. The sexuality of flowers is an important reproductive character in angiosperms. An insight into the evolutionary events that led to the appearance of monoecious and dioecious species can be gained by comparing closely related groups with contrasting characters. For this study, we focused on the tribe Chamaedoreeae, within which dioecy appears to have evolved twice from a monoecious ancestor. Methodology. To improve our knowledge of flower structure and ontogeny in this group, SEM and an- atomical sectioning were performed on inflorescences and flowers of the dioecious species Chamaedorea tepejilote and the monoecious species Hyophorbe lagenicaulis at different developmental stages.