A Capital Da Ucrânia É Kiev, Kêiv, Kieve, Quieve Ou Kyiv

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A Capital Da Ucrânia É Kiev, Kêiv, Kieve, Quieve Ou Kyiv N.o 539 (3968) NOVEMBRO 2019 ЛИСТОПАД 2019 BOLETIM INFORMATIVO DA SOCIEDADE UCRANIANA DO BRASIL Інформативний бюлетень Українського Товариства Бразилії Al. Augusto Stellfeld, 795 - CEP 80410-140 Curitiba - Paraná - Brasil - Fone/Fax: (41) 3224-5597 - e-mail: [email protected] PROJETO MEMÓRIA UCRANIANA ATRAVÉS DO ACERVO DA SOCIEDADE UCRANIANA DO BRASIL Lançado em abril deste ano, o Projeto vem mês a mês caminhando a passos firmes, com a ajuda de voluntários muito dedicados e comprometidos com o trabalho. Cada dia é uma conquista e os encontros de trabalho são sempre proveitosos, agradáveis e interessantes. Mas temos a compartilhar com os leitores a conquista que tivemos este mês. Para a realização do Projeto Memória Ucraniana já foi adquirido um computador e um scanner. O computador tem a função de estação de trabalho para o processamento, edição e armazenamento do acervo documental digital. Sua configuração é compatível com o volume de trabalho a ser realizado. A máquina é composta por um processador Intel i5-9400, 16Gb de memória Ram, SSD 256Gb, HD 2Tb e monitor de 23”. Por se tratarem de documentos históricos bastante sensíveis, a escolha do scanner ideal para efetuar a digitalização foi de suma importância para a preservação da integridade física dos documentos originais. Para tanto foi adquirido um Scanner SV600 da marca Fujitsu, que possui características de realizar a digitalizações no formato A3 sem contato físico com a superfície do documento original, mantendo elevado padrão de qualidade das imagens. Visto o grande volume de documentos históricos, este equipamento proporciona grande agilidade em seu manuseio, automatizando rotinas de trabalho como correções de distorções causadas pela curvatura da abertura livros, digitalização automática ao reconhecer o movimento de virar páginas, adequação dos documentos para o formato de arquivos PDF pesquisável com a função de reconhecimento de texto, entre outros benefícios. Ainda assim, a digitalização dos jornais deverá ocorrer fora da Sociedade, pois requer scanner de porte muito grande, de valor incompatível à nossa possibilidade. Os equipamentos foram adquiridos através das doações das pessoas que já deram seu apoio financeiro: Anastácia Sosiak Bernardo Dakiw Piaceski Eugênio Czmyr Emílio Gaudeda Folclore Ucraniano Barvinok Hamilton Wons Igor Baran Larissa Fedosenko Lili Raulik Mariano Czaikowski Metódio Groxko Nadía Voloschen Kudrek Organização Feminina Paulo Lucas Ochrym Vera Alice Piaceski Agradecemos a cada um constante da lista pela disposição em apoiar o Projeto. Ainda temos muitos materiais a serem comprados, especialmente para o acondicionamento e armazenamento de forma a preservar e prolongar a vida do documento físico. Continuamos precisando de apoio financeiro. Por isso, se você ainda não teve a oportunidade de fazer a sua contribuição, não se constranja. Faça sua doação através de depósito em conta. Dados para depósito: Sociedade Ucraniana do Brasil / CNPJ 76.573.682/0001-93 Mirna Slava K. Voloschen Banco Caixa Econômica – Nº 104 / Agência 0368 / Operação 003 Presidente Conta Corrente 300267-1 Bernardo Dakiw Piaceski *Não esqueça de enviar seu comprovante de depósito por e-mail ([email protected]) ou pelo Whatsapp/business Vice-Presidente da Sociedade: 3224-5597 2 ХЛІБОРОБ – ЛИСТОПАД 2019 N.o 539 (3968) NOVEMBRO 2019 A capital da Ucrânia é Kiev, Kêiv, Kieve, Kei deve ser Kei+iv, como em Petró (Pedro) e Petriv Quieve ou Kyiv? (de Pedro). Aglutinados os dois ii de Keiiv, resultou em ucraniano Київ /Kêiv/, no masculino, pois na A capital da Ucrânia atual é o resultado do primeiro época paleoslávica cidade se chamava horod ou embrião urbano que surgiu em terras ucranianas no hrad, no masculino. Hoje o nome de cidade em final do século V e início do VI e que deu origem ucraniano é місто (leia misto), neutro, daí talvez por ao povo ucraniano como nação consolidada. Entre que em russo muitos usam em português Kieve ou diversas tribos locais afins da época, a dos polianos, Quieve, com o sufixo adjetivo russo neutro –e, ainda sob a liderança do seu chefe lendário Kei e de seus que o nome “cidade” continue masculino também irmãos, se sobressaiu e criou um núcleo habitacional em russo – horod (город). (Dicionário prático russo- nas serranias à beira da metade do curso do rio português, N. Voinova e S. Starets, Moscovo, 1986, Dnipró, a cidade do Kei, subjugando ou envolvendo ed. Russki Yazik). concomitantemente tais tribos locais e regionais sob Em russo a cidade se escreve Киев e lê-se Kiev seu mando, formando um “estado” unificado. Desta (o и se pronuncia i). Logo o russo conservou a letra cidade do Kei ou sede, ele regia os territórios das ucraniana и (ê), mas pronuncia i, e o –ev, que no tribos unificadas e os expandia. ucraniano também praticamente se manteve como Essa cidade também já teve outros nomes tal até o Formulário Ortográfico do século XIX, usados por outros povos. Por exemplo, os turcos quando passou para i, resultando - iv. E mais, dada a a chamavam de Makermen (cidade grande); nas política externa, tanto do Império Russo, que para se histórias e narrativas semimitológicas medievais expandir, subjugou muitos povos, quanto do Governo dos países nórdicos, principalmente na Islândia, era Soviético, que os manteve isolados do mundo chamada de Kaenugardur. livre numa “cortina de ferro”, concentrando todo o A cidade sempre foi capital, se não do estado relacionamento com o exterior na mão de Moscou. da Ucrânia, pelo menos do povo ucraniano, com Em vista disso, o nome da capital da Ucrânia se mínimas interrupções, como no período da sua difundiu e se consagrou em todo o universo terrestre decadência, quando o principado gálico-voleniano na pronúncia russa, Kiev. assumiu a hegemonia de 90% dos territórios Em ucraniano, a capital escreve-se Київ, lê-se ucranianos da Ucrânia atual, por aproximadamente Kêiv. Kei do nome do fundador, mais –iv, sufixo de 100 anos, de 1289 a 1303, com Hálitch capital da posse ou pertinência. No entanto, o movimento da Galícia e Volodêmer do Vólen, e no período soviético, desrussificação transliterou Kyiv, empregando o y quando o governo, temendo a consciência nacional como vogal tônica pronunciada ê. Isso para evitar a dos kievianos, transferiu a capital para Khárkiv, que forma russa Kiev, argumentando erroneamente que assim ficou de 1919 a 1934. Na verdade, a Ucrânia assim corresponderia também à pronúncia correta. teve 11 capitais, algumas, devido a capitulações, O caso de Kyiv não é o mesmo que de outras duraram menos de uma semana. mudanças, como por exemplo, de Dnepr para Dnipró, Como escrever a capital da Ucrânia em português? de Lvov para Lviv, aqui há correspondência fonêmica No Brasil quem oficializa tudo o que se refira e gráfica. Já o y não corresponde ao fonema /ê/ em ao uso oficial e adequado da Língua Portuguesa português, tanto no vocábulo Kyiv como em qualquer é a Academia Brasileira de Letras (ABL). A ela outra situação. compete oficialmente decidir e se pronunciar sobre Na esteira da independência da Ucrânia, o Vocabulário Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa sobreveio a política de desrussificação e de (VOLP) e a Nomenclatura Gramatical Brasileira descomunização dos topônimos ucranianos (NGB). Quem não seguir suas normas na linguagem impostos nos períodos do imperialismo russo e escrita ou falada formal, obviamente ela pode ser soviético na Ucrânia, intensificada pela anexação considerada no mínimo de pouca ou sem categoria. da Crimeia e pela agressão bélica no Donbas pela Por isso consultei-a sobre a grafia oficial no Brasil Rússia. A reação ucraniana irrompeu implacável, do nome da capital da Ucrânia, textualmente assim: a ponto de tentar desrussificar até os topônimos ucranianos no emprego em línguas estrangeiras, “Pergunta: A capital da Ucrânia – Kiev, Kieve, Kêiv como é o caso de Kiev. Uma reação mais política, ou Kyiv? emotiva, temperamental, que linguística. Argumenta- Resposta: A capital da Ucrânia é Kiev. se que Kiev é de uso do opressor e agressor, não Academia Brasileira de Letras, 30 de outubro de corresponde à pronúncia ucraniana, e que o “y” de 2019 21:42”. correspondência ao fonema /ê/, é etimológico, i. é, histórico, pois vem da remota língua indo-europeia Já que o nome provém de Kei, seu fundador, através do antigo eslavo e que já havia sido usado acrescentando a este radical o sufixo ucraniano de na transliteração para o latim. posse –iv, que significa “de quem”, logo a cidade de E esse movimento na mídia e nas redes N.o 539 (3968) NOVEMBRO 2019 ХЛІБОРОБ – ЛИСТОПАД 2019 3 sociais, iniciado pela rádio nacionalista Svobodá português, não corresponde ao fonema /ê/, tônico ou - #KyivNotKiev - foi também encampado pelo não, mas sim à semivogal pré- ou pós-tônica, como Ministério das Relações Exteriores da Ucrânia em em fiapo / fyapo/, feito /feyto/, particularmente em 2018, e, segundo se presume, atingiu cerca de 10 nomes estrangeiros. milhões de internautas no mundo. A adesão não - Afinal, como devemos escrever? correspondeu aos esforços da campanha. Aderiu - Kiev, se você quiser que o seu texto esteja de acordo parcialmente a mídia de língua inglesa, como com a grafia oficial no Brasil, na linguagem padrão, Euronews, The Guardian, Aljazeera news, Financial correto e de respeito para com a língua nacional e Times, The Washington Post e alguns aeroportos, com leitores do Brasil, fonética e fonologicamente como Luton Airport de Londres, embora continuem a procedente. Eventualmente você pode ser suspeito usar também a forma Kiev. de simpatizar com a Rússia em detrimento da A propósito, depois de aprovada pela Resolução do Ucrânia por usar a mesma transliteração que usa o Gabinete de Ministros da Ucrânia do dia 27 de janeiro agressor da Ucrânia, bem como se indispor com os de 2010 a nova transliteração do alfabeto ucraniano, defensores dessa grafia. chamado de cirílico, kerêletsia em ucraniano, para a - Kêiv, se preferir transmitir aos usuários da língua grafia latina, latênetsia em ucraniano, não demoraram portuguesa no Brasil a pronúncia ucraniana da a chamá-la de transliteração para o inglês, i.
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