DOCSLIB.ORG

Writing the Royal Consort in Stuart England

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Writing the Royal Consort in Stuart England 1 WRITING THE ROYAL CONSORT IN STUART ENGLAND Submitted by Anna-Marie Linnell to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in July 2016. This dissertation is available for Library use only on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this dissertation which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. (Signature)…………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Abstract This dissertation examines the literature of royal consorts in Stuart England. Critics and historians have devoted considerable attention to the creation of the monarch’s image during this tumultuous period, which witnessed two revolutions and the explosion of print. We know that the Stuart monarchs embraced different forms of visual media – including pageantry, portraiture and print – to disseminate their image within the court and to a broader public. However, the extensive literature about the royal consorts remains under-examined. My thesis makes an original contribution to scholarship by exploring what texts were written about the royal consorts, by whom, and how these writers constructed images of the royal consorts that participated in broader debates over the status of the monarchy. The dissertation is divided into two main parts. Part 1 comprises six chapters that analyse succession writing, when a new monarch came to the throne and established their iconography for the new reign. I draw on hundreds of texts that were printed about the Stuart consorts at these moments. These writings span a variety of genres, from poems and plays to sermons and political pamphlets. I investigate the literature of each succession in turn, analysing the main themes and motifs that emerged. This approach enables me to uncover a swathe of anonymous and under-utilised literature, but also re- interpret works by more canonical writers such as Aphra Behn. I ask how the royal consorts themselves, their spouses and members of the public could influence the creation of the royal consorts’ images at these moments. Critically, I also compare the conventions that were used to describe the consorts across the century. Part 2 analyses how writers re-constructed ideals for the royal consorts in Restoration England, as debates about the structure of the monarchy came to be more explicit. Chapter 7 concentrates on images of Henrietta Maria when she returned to England as Queen Mother. Chapter 8 asks how writers adapted former models of representation to praise Catherine, the infertile queen, when it became clear that she would not bear an heir. Finally, Chapter 9 examines the numerous secret histories and romances that were authored about Mary Beatrice’s purported behaviour during her exile in the 1690s. These chapters highlight the continued importance of these women and examines how writers constructed their legacies. As a whole, the literature about the royal consorts reveals a dynamic project as part of which authors engaged with and adapted earlier models of writing. This enabled them to address broader questions about changes in the nature of the Stuart monarchy and political life. 3 Acknowledgements This dissertation would not have been possible without the generous support provided by the AHRC for my studentship. I am incredibly lucky to have had the opportunity to work with the Stuart Successions team. Professor Andrew McRae is a patient and thoughtful supervisor, whose support over the whole period and during the last year in particular has been invaluable. Professor Paulina Kewes is an exemplary second supervisor. Her enthusiasm for early modern history, generosity and unmatched vocabulary are both encouraging and inspiring. Working alongside John West and Joseph Hone has also been a pleasure, and my research has benefitted hugely from our conversations and their insights. Many colleagues and academic advisors have also assisted my research and generously contributed their ideas along the way. Both Susan Doran and Tracey Sowerby read early drafts of this material and provided helpful feedback. Adam Morton and Helen Watanabe O’Kelly invited me to participate in their conference for the excellent Marrying Cultures Project, and I am grateful to them both for offering me the opportunity to publish an essay in the Marrying Cultures edited collection. I was also very fortunate to meet Sara Wolfson on the day of my interview for the Stuart Successions Project. I owe many thanks to Sara, along with Louise Wilkinson and Liz Oakley-Brown, for inviting me to speak at the Queenship & Diplomacy conference and then editing the resulting article for Women’s History Review. I am also very grateful to Professor Mark Knights and Professor Karen Edwards for agreeing to examine this project, and for making the viva a constructive and enjoyable experience. Working at Exeter University I have had the opportunity to meet and collaborate with many great colleagues and friends. Callan Davies and Nora Williams were excellent co-founders and role shares on the community history project Staging Exeter. I learned a great deal from working with both of them, and owe many thanks to Callan for proof-reading a large part of this dissertation as well as to Nora for her advice and support. I am also indebted to the wonderful Peter Knowles and Isabelle Cosgrave, who put up with sharing an office with me for three years and both commented on a draft of this dissertation at a late stage. Isabel Galleymore and Sharanya Murali have also provided key friendship and trusted counsel. Final and special thanks are due to my family: my incredible sisters, Jenny and Kathryn, and my parents, Carole and David Linnell. They have given me more support and encouragement than I could ever have deserved over the last few years. This project could only be dedicated to them. 4 A note on the texts Many of the contemporary writings that I cite in this project include irregular spellings and unusual typography such as random italic type and capitalisation. Quotations in the thesis retain irregular spelling and the use of italic type or capitalisation. If the original quote was in italic type, I have reversed the use of italic in my quotes. I have also modernised the long ‘s’, and silently modified archaic spelling that substituted ‘i’ for ‘j’ or ‘u’ for ‘v’. These modifications should not affect the ease with which readers can find texts through online databases such as the ESTC, but are designed to make the quotations easier to read within the context of the thesis. 5 Contents Introduction 6 Part One: Literature at moments of succession 19 Chapter One: Queen Anna in 1603 20 Chapter Two: Queen Henrietta Maria in 1625 39 Chapter Three: Queen Catherine in 1662 53 Chapter Four: Queen Mary Beatrice in 1685 69 Chapter Five: Queen Mary II in 1689 82 Chapter Six: Prince George in 1702 96 Part Two: The Royal Family after 1660 112 Chapter Seven: Maternity and Henrietta Maria’s role as Queen Mother 113 Chapter Eight: Fertility and succession in the 1670s 137 Chapter Nine: Royal romance at the court of Saint-Germain 157 Conclusion 170 Appendices 174 Works Cited 210 6 Introduction An unprecedented number of writings was produced about the monarchs and their royal consorts during the Stuart century, a creative and turbulent era. The Stuart period started with the accession of King James VI and I in 1603 and closed with his great granddaughter Queen Anne’s accession one hundred years later. The intervening years witnessed a formative time for English politics, during which the constitutional status of the monarchy was transformed and new forms of political communication emerged. In particular, the growth of print changed the opportunities for royal representation. While there have been a number of recent scholarly enquiries into the creation of the monarch’s image in Stuart England, the royal consort’s public image remains under-examined. What sorts of texts were produced about the royal consorts? By whom and to what ends? What codes and conventions were associated with the royal consorts at moments of succession, and how did these change across a period in which the meaning of the monarchy shifted? How can these succession texts provide an entry point to understand the construction of the royal consort’s image more generally? In what follows, I concentrate on the representation of the five Stuart consorts: Anna, Henrietta Maria, Catherine, Mary Beatrice, and George. I also compare their representations with that of Mary II, who was queen in her own right but to all intents and purposes represented as a royal consort. I combine the perspectives of history and literary studies, making extensive use of online archives to map different kinds of writing about the royal consort. These diverse sources include works we would define as literature in modern terms, including masques, poems and romances. They also encompass non- imaginative writings, which can also be seen as forms of literature, such as sermons and short polemic pamphlets. My aim is to create a history of writings about the royal consort that is alive to both literary conventions – by which I mean the generic templates, images and themes that writers used – and the historical conditions within which these writings were produced. Across this material, I argue, polemicists and panegyrists make repeated efforts to forge a model for writing about the royal consort. It is only by analysing the full spectrum of material that we can understand the function of the royal consort’s image during this period. By doing so, we can learn a great deal about perceptions of the monarchy more widely.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Good King Charles Study Guide New.Pub
    In Good King Charles’s Golden Days By Bernard Shaw ONNECTIONS Shaw Festival CStudy Guide The Shaw Story 2 The Players 3 The Story 4 The Playwright 5 Who’s Who 6-7 Director’s Notes 8 Designer’s Notes 9-10 Production History 11 World of the Play 12-16 Did You Know? 17 Say What? 18 Sources 19 Activities 20-32 THE SHAW STORY MANDATE The Shaw Festival is the only theatre in the world which exclusively focuses on plays by Bernard Shaw and his contemporaries, including plays written during, or about the period of Shaw’s lifetime (1856 – 1950). The Shaw Festival’s mandate also includes: • Uncovered Gems – digging up undiscovered theatrical treasures, or plays which were considered major works when they were written but which have since been unjustly neglected • American Classics – we continue to celebrate the best of American theatre • Musicals – musical treats either from, or set during the period of our mandate • Canadian Work – to allow us to hear and promote our own stories, and our own WHAT MAKES points of view about the mandate period. SHAW SPECIAL MEET THE COMPANY — OUR ENSEMBLE • Our Actors: All Shaw performers contribute to the sense of ensemble, much like the players in an orchestra. Often, smaller parts are played by actors who are leading performers in their own right, but in our “orchestra,” they support the central action helping to create a density of experiences that are both subtle and informative. • Our Designers: Every production that graces the Shaw Festival stages is built “from scratch,” from an original design.
    [Show full text]
  • The Navy in the War of William Iii 1689-1697
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-64511-0 - The Navy: In the War of William III 1689-1697: Its State and Direction John Ehrman Frontmatter More information THE NAVY IN THE WAR OF WILLIAM III 1689-1697 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-64511-0 - The Navy: In the War of William III 1689-1697: Its State and Direction John Ehrman Frontmatter More information To A. and R.E. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-64511-0 - The Navy: In the War of William III 1689-1697: Its State and Direction John Ehrman Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-64511-0 - The Navy: In the War of William III 1689-1697: Its State and Direction John Ehrman Frontmatter More information PLATE I WILLIAM III Ships in Torbay in background rJAN WYK] © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-64511-0 - The Navy: In the War of William III 1689-1697: Its State and Direction John Ehrman Frontmatter More information THE NAVY IN THE WAR OF WILLIAM III 1689-1697 Its State and Direction BY JOHN EHRMAN, M.A. SOMETIME FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1953 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-64511-0 - The Navy: In the War of William III 1689-1697: Its State and Direction John Ehrman Frontmatter More information cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107645110 © Cambridge University Press 1953 This publication is in copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • HENRY VII M.Elizabeth of York (R.1485–1509)
    Historic Royal Places – Descriptors Small Use Width 74mm Wide and less Minimum width to be used 50mm Depth 16.5mm (TOL ) Others Various Icon 7mm Wide Dotted line for scaling Rules 0.25pt and minimum size establishment only. Does not print. HENRY VII m.Elizabeth of York (r.1485–1509) Arthur, m. Katherine HENRY VIII m.(1) Katherine m.(2) Anne m.(3) Jane m.(4) Anne of Cleves Edmund (1) James IV, m Margaret m (2) Archibald Douglas, Elizabeth Mary Catherine Prince of Wales of Aragon* (r.1509–47) Boleyn Seymour (5) Catherine Howard King of Earl of Angus (d. 1502) (6) Kateryn Parr Scotland Frances Philip II, m. MARY I ELIZABETH I EDWARD VI Mary of m. James V, Margaret m. Matthew Stewart, Lady Jane Grey King of Spain (r.1553–58) (r.1558–1603) (r.1547–53) Lorraine King of Earl of Lennox (r.1553 for 9 days) Scotland (1) Francis II, m . Mary Queen of Scots m. (2) Henry, Charles, Earl of Lennox King of France Lord Darnley Arbella James I m. Anne of Denmark (VI Scotland r.1567–1625) (I England r.1603–1625) Henry (d.1612) CHARLES I (r.1625–49) Elizabeth m. Frederick, Elector Palatine m. Henrietta Maria CHARLES II (r.1660–85) Mary m. William II, (1) Anne Hyde m. JAMES II m. (2) Mary Beatrice of Modena Sophia m. Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover m.Catherine of Braganza Prince of Orange (r.1685–88) WILLIAM III m. MARY II (r.1689–94) ANNE (r.1702–14) James Edward, GEORGE I (r.1714–27) Other issue Prince of Orange m.
    [Show full text]
  • Household of Prince George of Denmark 1680-1708 The
    Household of Prince George of Denmark 1680-1708 The Household of Prince George of Denmark was established in 1683-84 upon his marriage to Lady Anne, daughter of James, Duke of York, whereupon she became the Princess of Denmark. The household was paid for by a grant of £20,000 pounds per annum supplied evenly by Charles II and the Duke of York. This was to be supplemented by the Prince of Denmark’s personal estates, estimated, optimistically, to yield £17,500. In 1689 the Crown contribution rose to £50,000 per annum.1 Danes were not to be appointed, though exceptions were made for a number of the Prince’s closest confidants, in particular Christian Siegfried von Plessen, who was nevertheless forced to exercise his duties from Denmark. 1. Chamberlayne [1684], p. 237; ibid. [1692], p. 183; A. Somerset, Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion (2012), p. 41; E. Gregg, Queen Anne (1980), p. 32. Council and Revenue Treasurer of the Household and Revenue c. 1683-1702 By 1684, the “Treasurer of the Revenue and Treasurer and Comptroller of the Household” made £200 per annum.1 1. Chamberlayne [1684], p. 236; Add. MS. 15897, f. 54. By 1684 Bathurst, Sir B. Treasurer and Receiver General 1702-1708 In 1702 the treasurer and receiver general made £400 per annum.1 1. RA EB 14; John Rylands Library NP 35. 1702 June Nicholas, E. 1707 26 Apr. Compton, S. Deputy Treasurer c. 1707-1708 By 1707 Godfrey, T. Treasurer’s Clerk c. 1702-1708 In 1702 the treasurer’s clerk made £140 per annum.1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction: the Queen Versus the People 1
    N OTES Introduction: The Queen versus the People 1 . J e a n n e L o u i s e C a m p a n , Memoirs of the Court of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France , ed. M de Lamartine (Philadelphia, PA: Parry and McMillan, 1854), pp. 158–159. 2 . Nancy Nichols Barker, “Revolution and the Royal Consort,” in Proceedings of the Consortium on Revolutionary Europe (1989): 136–143. 3 . Barker, “Revolution and the Royal Consort,” p. 136. 4 . Clarissa Campbell Orr notes in the introduction to a 2004 collection of essays concerning the role of the European queen consort in the Baroque era that “there is little comparative work in English on any facet of European Court life in the period from 1660 to 1800.” See Clarissa Campbell Orr, “Introduction” in Clarissa Campbell Orr (ed.), Queenship in Europe: 1660–1815: The Role of the Consort (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 2. There are strong exceptions to Orr’s conclusion, including the works of Jeroen Duidam and T.C.W. Blanning, which compare the culture, structure, and politics of Early Modern courts revealing both change and continuity but these stud- ies devote little space to the specific role of the queen consort within her family and court. See Jeroen Duindam, Vienna and Versailles: The Courts of Europe’s Dynastic Rivals 1550–1780 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), and T.C.W. Blanning, The Culture of Power and the Power of Culture: Old Regime Europe 1660–1789 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002). 5 . See Kevin Sharpe, The Personal Rule of Charles I (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996); Bernard Bourdin, The Theological-Political Origins of the Modern State: Controversy between James I of England and Cardinal Bellamine (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 2010), pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Deixis and the Renaissance Art of Self Construction1
    1 Deixis and the renaissance art of self construction Sylvia ADAMSON University of Sheffield ABSTRACT This paper is offered as a contribution to our understanding of both the history of literary style and the psychology of reading. I begin with a comparison with art history, where the development of the technique of linear perspective provides a stylistic boundary-marker between medieval and renaissance styles. Identifying the ‘printed voice effect’ as an analogous demarcator in literary history, I explore the technical means by which the effect was created, in a set of case-studies representing the emergent genres of essay and dramatic lyric. My analytical model is adapted from Gombrich’s account of ‘guided projection,’ which explains pictorial illusion as the cooperative creation of the artist (who provides the visual cues) and the spectator (who interprets them). I argue that the literary equivalent to the geometric cues of perspective is to be found in the linguistic system of deixis and claim that renaissance texts show an innovative and experimental awareness of the deictic resources of the English language. KEYWORDS: deixis, renaissance, historicism, self in literature, language and style 1. The printed voice In the history of art forms, some stylistic innovations seem to demand the title revolutionary, if only because their effects are so striking as to be felt by the non-professional observer. In the western 1 I am grateful to the organisers of 15 SEDERI for inviting me to give the plenary on which this paper is based and to the conference participants for their helpful responses to my presentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Speakers of the House of Commons
    Parliamentary Information List BRIEFING PAPER 04637a 21 August 2015 Speakers of the House of Commons Speaker Date Constituency Notes Peter de Montfort 1258 − William Trussell 1327 − Appeared as joint spokesman of Lords and Commons. Styled 'Procurator' Henry Beaumont 1332 (Mar) − Appeared as joint spokesman of Lords and Commons. Sir Geoffrey Le Scrope 1332 (Sep) − Appeared as joint spokesman of Lords and Commons. Probably Chief Justice. William Trussell 1340 − William Trussell 1343 − Appeared for the Commons alone. William de Thorpe 1347-1348 − Probably Chief Justice. Baron of the Exchequer, 1352. William de Shareshull 1351-1352 − Probably Chief Justice. Sir Henry Green 1361-1363¹ − Doubtful if he acted as Speaker. All of the above were Presiding Officers rather than Speakers Sir Peter de la Mare 1376 − Sir Thomas Hungerford 1377 (Jan-Mar) Wiltshire The first to be designated Speaker. Sir Peter de la Mare 1377 (Oct-Nov) Herefordshire Sir James Pickering 1378 (Oct-Nov) Westmorland Sir John Guildesborough 1380 Essex Sir Richard Waldegrave 1381-1382 Suffolk Sir James Pickering 1383-1390 Yorkshire During these years the records are defective and this Speaker's service might not have been unbroken. Sir John Bussy 1394-1398 Lincolnshire Beheaded 1399 Sir John Cheyne 1399 (Oct) Gloucestershire Resigned after only two days in office. John Dorewood 1399 (Oct-Nov) Essex Possibly the first lawyer to become Speaker. Sir Arnold Savage 1401(Jan-Mar) Kent Sir Henry Redford 1402 (Oct-Nov) Lincolnshire Sir Arnold Savage 1404 (Jan-Apr) Kent Sir William Sturmy 1404 (Oct-Nov) Devonshire Or Esturmy Sir John Tiptoft 1406 Huntingdonshire Created Baron Tiptoft, 1426.
    [Show full text]
  • BRAVEBENBOW 2017 R1 Comp
    For my wife Petra without whose help this book would not have been possible, and for my children, Carol-Lynn and Sean, and grandchildren, Zachary, Eli and Griffin. Cover by Petra Benbow BRAVE BENBOW By William A. Benbow (Copyright 1987 by William A. Benbow All rights reserved Registration NO. 360746) CANADIAN CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA Benbow, William A. Brave Benbow Bibliography: ISBN 0-9692991-0-9 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 87-670036 e-Edition 2017 www.bravebenbow.com [email protected] Victoria, BC, Canada Preface Once upon a time, my father told me a tale of a renowned ancestor, an Admiral in the British Navy, who was part pirate and part hero, who had fought bravely on the Spanish Main, captured many enemy ships and died in a famous battle in the West Indies, in the midst of a mutiny. This family legend has led me on two quests, to search for my roots and to find Admiral Benbow. William A. Benbow Victoria, B.C. June 1988. ADMIRAL JOHN BENBOW Benbow! On the roll of fame Thine stands forth a honoured name; Britain mourned her gallant son, Wilst recounting trophies won; England’s Queen with pity moved Mourned the hero England loved. Many a year has passed since then, Many a race of gifted men: Heroes, statesmen, princes, kings, Borne on Time’s relentless wings In their turn have passed away, Mingling with their kindred clay. Yet the memory of the brave Dies not with the opening grave, But like some sweet perfume cast Lives, all fragrant, to the last.
    [Show full text]
  • Mythical Image of “Queen Mother of the West” and Metaphysical Concept of Chinese Jade Worship in Classic of Mountains and Seas
    IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 21, Issue11, Ver. 6 (Nov. 2016) PP 39-46 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Mythical Image of “Queen Mother of the West” and Metaphysical Concept of Chinese Jade Worship in Classic of Mountains and Seas Juan Wu1 (School of Foreign Language，Beijing Institute of Technology, China) Abstract: This paper focuses on the mythological image, the Queen Mother of the West in Classic of Mountains and Seas, to explore the hiding history and mental reality behind the fantastic literary images, to unveil the origin of jade worship, which plays an significant role in the 8000-year-old history of Eastern Asian jade culture, to elucidate the genetic mechanism of the jade worship budded in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, so that we can have an overview of the tremendous influence it has on Chinese civilization, and illustrate its psychological role in molding the national jade worship and promoting the economic value of jade business. Key words: Mythical Image, Mythological Concept, Jade Worship, Classic of Mountains and Seas I. WHITE JADE RING AND QUEEN MOTHER OF THE WEST As for the foundation and succession myths of early Chinese dynasties, Allan holds that “Ancient Chinese literature contains few myths in the traditional sense of stories of the supernatural but much history” (Allan, 1981: ix) and “history, as it appears in the major texts from the classical period of early China (fifth-first centuries B.C.)，has come to function like myth” (Allan, 1981: 10). While “the problem of myth for Western philosophers is a problem of interpreting the meaning of myths and the phenomenon of myth-making” as Allan remarks, “the problem of myth for the sinologist is one of finding any myths to interpret and of explaining why there are so few.” (Allen, 1991: 19) To decode why white jade enjoys a prominent position in the Chinese culture, the underlying conceptual structure and unique culture genes should be investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: ROYAL SUBJECTS
    ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: ROYAL SUBJECTS, IMPERIAL CITIZENS: THE MAKING OF BRITISH IMPERIAL CULTURE, 1860- 1901 Charles Vincent Reed, Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Dissertation directed by: Professor Richard Price Department of History ABSTRACT: The dissertation explores the development of global identities in the nineteenth-century British Empire through one particular device of colonial rule – the royal tour. Colonial officials and administrators sought to encourage loyalty and obedience on part of Queen Victoria’s subjects around the world through imperial spectacle and personal interaction with the queen’s children and grandchildren. The royal tour, I argue, created cultural spaces that both settlers of European descent and colonial people of color used to claim the rights and responsibilities of imperial citizenship. The dissertation, then, examines how the royal tours were imagined and used by different historical actors in Britain, southern Africa, New Zealand, and South Asia. My work builds on a growing historical literature about “imperial networks” and the cultures of empire. In particular, it aims to understand the British world as a complex field of cultural encounters, exchanges, and borrowings rather than a collection of unitary paths between Great Britain and its colonies. ROYAL SUBJECTS, IMPERIAL CITIZENS: THE MAKING OF BRITISH IMPERIAL CULTURE, 1860-1901 by Charles Vincent Reed Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2010 Advisory Committee: Professor Richard Price, Chair Professor Paul Landau Professor Dane Kennedy Professor Julie Greene Professor Ralph Bauer © Copyright by Charles Vincent Reed 2010 DEDICATION To Jude ii ACKNOWLEGEMENTS Writing a dissertation is both a profoundly collective project and an intensely individual one.
    [Show full text]
  • Mary, Queen of Scots: Fact Sheet for Teachers
    MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS: FACT SHEET FOR TEACHERS Mary, Queen of Scots is one of the most famous figures WHO’S WHO? in history. Her life was full of drama – from becoming queen at just six days old to her execution at the age of 44. Plots, JAMES V – Mary, Queen of Scots’ father. bloodshed, abdication, high politics, religious strife, romance He built the great tower which still survives and rivalry, Mary was a renaissance monarch who was at the Palace of Holyroodhouse. affected by and contributed to a momentous period of upheaval and uncertainty in the British Isles. MARY OF GUISE – Mary, Queen of Scots’ mother. She was French and became the regent (effectively The Palace of Holyroodhouse was one of her most the ruler) when Mary was a child and living in France. important homes, with many of the most significant events of her reign taking place within its walls. FRANCIS II – Mary, Queen of Scots’ first husband. Mary married him in 1558 when he was the Dauphin, heir to the French throne. After they married Mary gave him the title of King of Scots. He died in 1560, a year after he became King of France. WHY WAS MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS JOHN KNOX – a Protestant preacher who helped lead SO IMPORTANT? the Scottish Reformation and who was a fierce opponent of Mary because she was a Catholic and a woman ruler. She was Queen of Scots from 6 days old, and when she was an adult she became the first woman to HENRY, LORD DARNLEY – Darnely was a cousin of rule Scotland in her own right.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Review the Outline of My Research Topic Will Encompass
    Literature Review The outline of my research topic will encompass Anne of Denmark’s role as queen consort in Scotland and England, from 1589 to 1619, in order to investigate her political influence. To fully understand Anna’s political role, recent historiography surrounding influential women in early modern England and, in particular, the role of the queen consort will be evaluated in depth. My research will contribute to these two growing fields and fill a gap by re-examining Anna, who historians once considered frivolous and vain. Accompanied by re-definitions of high politics at one end of the spectrum and court masques at the other, a re-assessment of her character throughout her reign as queen consort of Scotland and England is accordingly needed. The value of analysing Anna in a political light will be demonstrated in this essay through an examination of the historiography surrounding influential women in early modern England, queen consorts in general and then Anna herself. Previous study has excluded women from high politics because it was considered part of the public sphere, rather than the private sphere that they belonged to. In her article ‘Women and Politics in Early Tudor England’, Harris challenges the traditional view of high politics by emphasising its redefinition to include the influence of women.1 Sara Mendelson and Patricia Crawford’s book, Women in Early Modern England, echoes this view. Although women exercised some influence in high politics, this is not 1 B. Harris., ‘Women and Politics in Early Tudor England’, The Historical Journal, 33:2 (1990), pp.259-281, p.259.
    [Show full text]