DOCSLIB.ORG

(Hymenoptera: Apidae) En Valdivia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Hymenoptera: Apidae) En Valdivia Universidad Austral de Chile Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Escuela de Agronomía Prospección de parásitos y comensales asociados a insectos adultos en Bombus spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) en Valdivia. Memoria presentada como parte de los requisitos para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo Enrique Felipe Vallejos Lagos Valdivia – Chile 2013 PROFESOR PATROCINANTE: ____________________________________ Miguel Neira Caamaño Ingeniero Agrónomo Instituto de Producción y Sanidad Vegetal PROFESORES INFORMANTES: ____________________________________ Roberto Carrillo Llorente Ingeniero Agrónomo, M.Sc., Ph.D. Instituto de Producción y Sanidad Vegetal ___________________________________ Rubén Palma Millanao Ingeniero Agrónomo, Dr. Instituto de Producción y Sanidad Vegetal i AGRADECIMIENTOS Quiero agradecer ante todo a Dios, por permitir que llegara este momento tan anhelado y culminar esta gran etapa de mi vida. A mis padres Pamela y Enrique y a mis hermanos Paula y Fernando, agradecerles por su gran apoyo incondicional, cariño y preocupación durante todos estos años que estuve en Valdivia. Gracias a Don Miguel Neira, por su buena voluntad y cada palabra que me brindó de conocimiento y sabiduría en todo este trabajo. A Don Roberto Carrillo, por sus consejos y tiempo en la corrección de la tesis. A Maritza Reyes y Rubén Palma, por su ayuda al compartir sus conocimientos y críticas siempre constructivas. En especial quiero agradecer a Leticia Silvestre por estar conmigo en todas, ya que me ayudó muchísimo en el desarrollo de este trabajo, y cada vez que la necesite estuvo apoyándome y aconsejándome, he logrado además quererla mucho a través de mi estadía por la universidad. A Sonia, Erick, Francisco, Cesar, Gonzalo y Nicolás que siempre me han apoyado en los momentos alegres y difíciles y a Manuel, Álvaro, Cesar y Gabo por compartir su amistad en una larga etapa en el Hogar estudiantil. A mis amigos del laboratorio, Julio, Sebastián, Carolina, Alejandro, Gloria, Karyn, Sandy, Eniuska, Jorge y Constanza, gracias por su amistad y por haberlos conocido. Mi pasión por la Entomología, ha albergado gran parte de mi formación y de amor por la naturaleza, llenándola de alegrías. A Todas las personas que hicieron posible este gran sueño y que estuvieron presentes en cada momento. Muchísimas gracias……………. ii INDICE DE MATERIAS Capítulo Página RESUMEN 1 SUMMARY 2 1 INTRODUCCIÓN 3 2 REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA 5 2.1 Características de Bombus spp. 5 2.1.1 Biología de los abejorros 6 2.1.2 Características de Bombus spp. como agente polinizador 7 2.2 Sanidad de Bombus spp. 8 2.3 Ácaros foréticos 9 2.4 Bombacarus buchneri 9 2.5 Nosema bombi 11 3 MATERIAL Y METODOS 13 3.1 Material biológico 13 3.2 Metodología de prospección 13 3.2.1 Análisis de muestras para la determinación de ácaros foréticos 14 3.2.2 Análisis de muestras para la determinación de ácaro traqueal 14 3.2.3 Análisis de muestras para la determinación de Nosema bombi 15 iii 3.2.3.1 Recuento de esporas 16 3.2.3.2 Determinación del nivel de infección 16 3.2.4 Análisis morfológico 17 3.2.5 Análisis estadístico 17 4 PRESENTACIÓN Y DISCUSIÓN DE RESULTADOS 18 4.1 Presencia de ácaros foréticos en muestras analizadas 18 4.1.1 Prevalencia de muestras con P. longanalis y K. laevis por especie de abejorro 18 4.1.2 Número de ácaros foréticos por insecto en las especies de Bombus 21 4.2 Presencia de ácaro traqueal 26 4.3 Presencia de Nosema bombi 30 4.4 Posibles efectos de organismos asociados a especies de Bombus 33 5 CONCLUSIONES 35 6 BIBLIOGRAFÍA 36 7 ANEXOS 42 iv INDICE DE CUADROS Cuadro Página 1 Especies de ácaros foréticos y traqueales reportados para Bombus spp. 10 2 Determinación del grado y nivel de infección adaptado de la escala para Nosema apis. 17 v INDICE DE FIGURAS Figura Página 1 Especies de abejorros presentes en Chile. B. dahlbomii (A), B. 5 terrestris (B) y B. ruderatus (C). 2 Ciclo de desarrollo de una colonia de Bombus. 7 3 Principales ácaros foréticos y traqueal que afectan a Bombus spp.: K. laevi (A), P. longanalis (B) y B. buchneri (C). 11 4 Esporos de N. bombi en preparación microscópica en B. terrestris. 12 5 Características de las flores de las especies muestreadas: Azara lanceolata (A) y Rhododendron spp. (B). 13 6 Muestra de corte transversal de la parte anterior del tórax de Bombus spp. vista en lupa óptica. 15 7 Vista microscópica de microsporidios de N. bombi utilizando una cámara de Neubauer. 16 8 Prevalencia del ácaros foréticos P. longanalis (A) y K. laevis (B) en reinas de especies de Bombus colectadas. Primavera 2011 (B. dahlbomii n=176, B. terrestris n=88). Letras distintas indican diferencias estadísticas significativas al 5%, según la prueba de FISHER. 21 9 Número promedio de P. longanalis (A) y K. laevis (B) (± error estándar) encontrados sobre B. dahlbomii y B. terrestris. Letras distintas indican diferencias estadísticas significativas al 5%, según prueba de Mann- Whitney. 23 10 Deutoninfas de P. longanalis (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) y K. laevis (Astigmata: Acaridae) en muestras de B. dahlbomii. 25 11 Número promedio (± error estándar) de P. longanalis y K. laevis por B. dahlbomii (A) y por B. terrestris (B) en cada fecha de colecta. 26 12 Hembra larviforme de B. buchneri (Trombidiforme: Podapolipidae) encontrada en tráqueas de B. terrestris. 29 vi 13 Prevalencia de B. buchneri en B. dahlbomii y B. terrestris. Primavera 2011. (B. dahlbomii n=176, B. terrestris n=88). Letras distintas indican diferencias estadísticas significativas al 5%, según prueba de FISHER. 29 14 Prevalencia de N. bombi en B. dahlbomii y B. terrestris. Primavera 2011. (B. dahlbomii n=176, B. terrestris n=88). Letras distintas indican diferencias estadísticas significativas al 5%, según prueba de FISHER. 31 15 Reinas de B. dahlbomii con alopecia torácica (A) y sin alopecia torácica (B). 34 vii INDICE DE ANEXOS Anexo Página 1 Fechas de colecta, horarios, número de ácaros foréticos y presencia o ausencia de parásitos internos en la especie Bombus dahlbomii en la temporada primaveral 2011. 43 2 Fechas de colecta, horarios, número de ácaros foréticos y presencia o ausencia de parásitos internos en la especie Bombus terrestris en la temporada primaveral 2011. 45 1 RESUMEN En el Jardín Botánico de la Universidad Austral de Chile en Valdivia, entre octubre y diciembre del 2011, se realizó un estudio de prospección para evaluar la presencia de parásitos y patógenos en reinas de Bombus spp., con el fin de establecer la identificación de las especies, y determinar su prevalencia. Las reinas se colectaron en dos especies de plantas (Rhododendron spp. Gray y Azara lanceolata Hook) y en cada una se delimitó una superficie de colecta correspondiente a 2 m2, realizándose esta en tres horarios: mañana (10:00 a 11:00 h), medio día (13:30 a 14:30 h) y tarde (17:00 a 18:00 h). Se colectó e identificó a las especies Bombus dahlbomii y Bombus terrestris. El análisis interno y externo de los insectos permitió identificar tres especies de ácaros y una especie de hongo microsporidio que afectan a las dos especies de Bombus. Entre los ácaros externos se determinó a Pneumolaelaps longanalis Hunter y Husband y Kuzinia laevis Dujardin, así como al ácaro interno Bombacarus buchneri Stammer. Además pudo determinarse la presencia de Nosema bombi Fantham y Porter. La prevalencia de P. longanalis y K. laevis superó el 90% y 50% en B. dahlbomii y B. terrestris respectivamente. La mayor prevalencia de ambos ácaros sobre la especie nativa B dahlbomii, pueden explicarse debido a que estas relaciones comensales son más recientes, siendo los principales mecanismos de propagación el contacto de individuos al momento de pecorear las flores y en el nido. La prevalencia de B. buchneri en ambas especies de Bombus es baja, pero más alta en B. terrestris. Esto puede deberse a que este ácaro poseía una relación parasítica con B. terrestris al momento de introducirse esta especie de insecto al país, a diferencia de B. dahlbomii que fue parasitado posteriormente. Esta situación es similar para N. bombi, siendo su prevalencia más alta en la especie B. terrestris, pero a diferencia de B. buchneri, la adquisición del parásito de una especie de abejorro a otra seria más asequible, ya que la vía de contagio es por medio de fecas infectadas en la colonia. 2 SUMMARY In the Botanical Garden of the Universidad Austral de Chile in Valdivia, between October and December 2011, an study was performed to evaluate the presence of parasites and pathogens in queens of Bombus spp. In the study was carried out species to establish the species identification, and determine their prevalence. The queens were collected in two plant species (Rhododendron spp. Gray and Azara lanceolata Hook), the area of collecting was to 2 m2 in three times a day: morning (10:00 to 11:00 h), midday (13:30 to 14:30) and afternoon (17:00 to 18:00 h). Were collected and identified two species of bumblebees, Bombus terrestris and Bombus dahlbomii. The internal and external analysis of insects identified three species of mites and fungal microsporidian species affecting the two species. Among external mites was determined Pneumolaelaps longanalis Hunter and Husband, Kuzinia laevis Dujardin and internal mite Bombacarus buchneri Stammer. However was determined the presence of Nosema bombi Fantham and Porter. The prevalence of P. longanalis and K. laevis exceeded 90% and 50% in B. dahlbomii and B. terrestris respectively. The highest prevalence of both mites on native species B. dahlbomii, can be explained because these relationships are more recent diners, the main mechanisms of propagation the individuals contact when foraging on flowers and nest. The prevalence of B. buchneri in both species of Bombus is low, but higher in B.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Mite-Y Bee: Factors Affecting the Mite Community of Bumble Bees (Bombus Spp., Hymenoptera: Apidae)
    The Mite-y Bee: Factors Affecting the Mite Community of Bumble Bees (Bombus spp., Hymenoptera: Apidae) By Stephanie Margaret Haas Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Ottawa, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for M.Sc. Degree in the Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology Thèse soumise à la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, Université d’Ottawa en vue de l’obtention de la maîtrise en sciences de l’Institut de Biologie d’Ottawa-Carleton © Stephanie Haas, Ottawa, Canada, 2017 Abstract Parasites and other associates can play an important role in shaping the communities of their hosts; and their hosts, in turn, shape the community of host-associated organisms. This makes the study of associates vital to understanding the communities of their hosts. Mites associated with bees have a range of lifestyles on their hosts, acting as anything from parasitic disease vectors to harmless scavengers to mutualistic hive cleaners. For instance, in Apis mellifera (the European honey bee) the parasitic mite Varroa destructor has had a dramatic impact as one of the causes of colony-collapse disorder. However, little is known about mites associated with bees outside the genus Apis or about factors influencing the makeup of bee- associated mite communities. In this thesis, I explore the mite community of bees of the genus Bombus and how it is shaped by extrinsic and intrinsic aspects of the bees' environment at the individual bee, bee species, and bee community levels. Bombus were collected from 15 sites in the Ottawa area along a land-use gradient and examined for mites.
    [Show full text]
  • Report for the Yellow Banded Bumble Bee (Bombus Terricola) Version 1.1
    Species Status Assessment (SSA) Report for the Yellow Banded Bumble Bee (Bombus terricola) Version 1.1 Kent McFarland October 2018 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Northeast Region Hadley, Massachusetts 1 Acknowledgements Gratitude and many thanks to the individuals who responded to our request for data and information on the yellow banded bumble bee, including: Nancy Adamson, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS); Lynda Andrews, U.S. Forest Service (USFS); Sarah Backsen, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Charles Bartlett, University of Delaware; Janet Beardall, Environment Canada; Bruce Bennett, Environment Yukon, Yukon Conservation Data Centre; Andrea Benville, Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre; Charlene Bessken USFWS; Lincoln Best, York University; Silas Bossert, Cornell University; Owen Boyle, Wisconsin DNR; Jodi Bush, USFWS; Ron Butler, University of Maine; Syd Cannings, Yukon Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada; Susan Carpenter, University of Wisconsin; Paul Castelli, USFWS; Sheila Colla, York University; Bruce Connery, National Park Service (NPS); Claudia Copley, Royal Museum British Columbia; Dave Cuthrell, Michigan Natural Features Inventory; Theresa Davidson, Mark Twain National Forest; Jason Davis, Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife; Sam Droege, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Daniel Eklund, USFS; Elaine Evans, University of Minnesota; Mark Ferguson, Vermont Fish and Wildlife; Chris Friesen, Manitoba Conservation Data Centre; Lawrence Gall,
    [Show full text]
  • PETITION to LIST the Rusty Patched Bumble Bee Bombus Affinis
    PETITION TO LIST The rusty patched bumble bee Bombus affinis (Cresson), 1863 AS AN ENDANGERED SPECIES UNDER THE U.S. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Female Bombus affinis foraging on Dalea purpurea at Pheasant Branch Conservancy, Wisconsin, 2012, Photo © Christy Stewart Submitted by The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Prepared by Sarina Jepsen, Elaine Evans, Robbin Thorp, Rich Hatfield, and Scott Hoffman Black January 31, 2013 1 The Honorable Ken Salazar Secretary of the Interior Office of the Secretary Department of the Interior 18th and C Street N.W. Washington D.C., 20240 Dear Mr. Salazar: The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation hereby formally petitions to list the rusty patched bumble bee (Bombus affinis) as an endangered species under the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq. This petition is filed under 5 U.S.C. 553(e) and 50 CFR 424.14(a), which grants interested parties the right to petition for issue of a rule from the Secretary of the Interior. Bumble bees are iconic pollinators that contribute to our food security and the healthy functioning of our ecosystems. The rusty patched bumble bee was historically common from the Upper Midwest to the eastern seaboard, but in recent years it has been lost from more than three quarters of its historic range and its relative abundance has declined by ninety-five percent. Existing regulations are inadequate to protect this species from disease and other threats. We are aware that this petition sets in motion a specific process placing definite response requirements on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and very specific time constraints upon those responses.
    [Show full text]
  • Status Report and Assessment of Western
    SPECIES STATUS REPORT Western Bumble Bee, Yellow-banded Bumble Bee, and Gypsy Cuckoo Bumble Bee (Bombus occidentalis, Bombus terricola, Bombus bohemicus) Bourdon de l’ouest, Bourdon terricole, Psithyre bohémien (French) Ineedzit (Teetl’it and Gwichyah Gwich’in) Kw’ıahnǫ dekwoo (Dogrib) Tł’ıstthó Tł’ıstthóghe (Chipewyan) Tth’ıhnǫ detthoı (South Slavey) April 2019 DATA DEFICIENT – Western bumble bee NOT AT RISK – Yellow-banded bumble bee DATA DEFICIENT – Gypsy cuckoo bumble bee Status of Western Bumble Bee, Yellow-banded Bumble Bee, and Gypsy Cuckoo Bumble Bee in the NWT Species at Risk Committee status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of species suspected of being at risk in the Northwest Territories (NWT). Suggested citation: Species at Risk Committee. 2019. Species Status Report for Western Bumble Bee, Yellow-banded Bumble Bee, and Gypsy Cuckoo Bumble Bee (Bombus occidentalis, Bombus terricola, Bombus bohemicus) in the Northwest Territories. Species at Risk Committee, Yellowknife, NT. © Government of the Northwest Territories on behalf of the Species at Risk Committee ISBN: 978-0-7708-0264-6/0-7708-0264-8 Production note: The drafts of this report were prepared by Dr. Christopher M. Ernst under contract with the Government of the Northwest Territories, and edited by Claire Singer. For additional copies contact: Species at Risk Secretariat c/o SC6, Department of Environment and Natural Resources P.O. Box 1320 Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9 Tel.: (855) 783-4301 (toll free) Fax.: (867) 873-0293 E-mail: [email protected] www.nwtspeciesatrisk.ca ABOUT THE SPECIES AT RISK COMMITTEE The Species at Risk Committee was established under the Species at Risk (NWT) Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Bombus Terrestris
    The impact of inbreeding and parasitism on bumblebees Penelope R Whitehorn 2011 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Natural Sciences The University of Stirling SUMMARY ABSTRACT Many bumblebee species are suffering from the effects of habitat fragmentation and population isolation. In some cases, populations have lost genetic diversity due to genetic drift and it is possible they are now at heightened risk of extinction. Inbreeding may be particularly costly to bumblebees because, as Hymenoptera, their complementary sex determination system can lead to the production of sterile or inviable diploid males. However, little is known about the effect that diploid male production has on bumblebee colony fitness. Here, the consequences of brother-sister mating in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris are investigated, and the production of diploid males was found to exert considerable costs at the colony level by reducing productivity and survival. Diploid males may therefore act as indicators of the genetic health of populations, and their detection could be used as an informative tool in hymenopteran conservation. Due to the costs associated with inbreeding, selection may have favoured the evolution of kin recognition systems in bumblebees. Data are presented that suggest that B. terrestris can discriminate between kin and non-kin as gynes were less willing to mate with siblings compared to non-relatives. Theory predicts that inbreeding may impose further costs on bumblebees through increased levels of parasitism, but empirical data are scarce. The relationship between population genetic diversity and parasite prevalence is assessed using Hebridean island populations of Bombus muscorum and Bombus jonellus .
    [Show full text]
  • Bombus Terrestris) Nests in Polish Greenhouses
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Exp Appl Acarol (2012) 56:271–282 DOI 10.1007/s10493-012-9510-8 Mite species inhabiting commercial bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) nests in Polish greenhouses Elzbieta_ Rozej_ • Wojciech Witalin´ski • Hajnalka Szentgyo¨rgyi • Marta Wantuch • Dawid Moron´ • Michal Woyciechowski Received: 31 January 2011 / Accepted: 5 January 2012 / Published online: 24 January 2012 Ó The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Nests of social insects are usually inhabited by various mite species that feed on pollen, other micro-arthropods or are parasitic. Well-known negative effects of worldwide economic importance are caused by mites parasitizing honeybee colonies. Lately, attention has focused on the endoparasitic mite Locustacarus buchneri that has been found in commercial bumblebees. However, little is known of other mites associated with commercial bumblebee nests. Transportation of commercial bumblebee colonies with unwanted residents may introduce foreign mite species to new localities. In this study, we assessed the prevalence and species composition of mites associated with commercial bumblebee nests and determined if the mites are foreign species for Poland and for Europe. The study was conducted on 37 commercial bumblebee nests from two companies (Dutch and Israeli), originating from two greenhouses in southern Poland, and on 20 commercial bumblebee colonies obtained directly from suppliers. The species composition and abundance of mites inhabiting commercial bumblebee nests were determined. Seven mite E. Rozej_ Á H. Szentgyo¨rgyi Á M. Wantuch Á M. Woyciechowski (&) Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying Spiders Through DNA Barcodes
    481 Identifying spiders through DNA barcodes Rowan D.H. Barrett and Paul D.N. Hebert Abstract: With almost 40 000 species, the spiders provide important model systems for studies of sociality, mating systems, and sexual dimorphism. However, work on this group is regularly constrained by difficulties in species identi- fication. DNA-based identification systems represent a promising approach to resolve this taxonomic impediment, but their efficacy has only been tested in a few groups. In this study, we demonstrate that sequence diversity in a standard segment of the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) is highly effective in discriminating spider species. A COI profile containing 168 spider species and 35 other arachnid species correctly assigned 100% of subse- quently analyzed specimens to the appropriate species. In addition, we found no overlap between mean nucleotide di- vergences at the intra- and inter-specific levels. Our results establish the potential of COI as a rapid and accurate identification tool for biodiversity surveys of spiders. Résumé : Avec presque 40 000 espèces, les araignées constituent un modèle important pour l’étude de la vie sociale, des systèmes d’accouplement et du dimorphisme sexuel. Cependant, la recherche sur ce groupe est souvent restreinte par les problèmes d’identification des espèces. Les systèmes d’identification basés dur l’ADN présentent une solution prometteuse à cette difficulté d’ordre taxonomique, mais leur efficacité n’a été vérifiée que chez quelques groupes. Nous démontrons ici que la diversité des séquences dans un segment type du gène mitochondrial de la cytochrome c oxydase I (COI) peut servir de façon très efficace à la reconnaissance des espèces d’araignées.
    [Show full text]
  • Haired Bumblebee (Bombus Subterraneus) to the UK
    Natural England Commissioned Report NECR216 Disease risk analysis for the reintroduction of the short- haired bumblebee (Bombus subterraneus) to the UK First published 14 September 2016 www.gov.uk/natural -england Foreword Natural England commission a range of reports from external contractors to provide evidence and advice to assist us in delivering our duties. The views in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Natural England. Background In 2007, Natural England proposed the re- More broadly, it is important to consider introduction of the short-haired bumblebee parasites explicitly within reintroductions, if we (Bombus subterraneus) to the UK, a species want reintroductions to succeed and, at the declared regionally extinct in 2000. A same time, have minimal negative impacts to reintroduction project for this bumblebee was the areas where animals and plants are being formed in 2009 with partners Natural England, taken from and introduced to. Hymettus, the RSPB and the Bumblebee This report considers how the risk of disease in Conservation Trust, with the intention being both native UK bee populations and in the to re-establish a sustainable population of this reintroduced bees might be investigated through bee in the UK and to act as a flagship for surveillance and mitigated through disease bumblebee conservation more generally. control and other measures. This report sets out the findings of a Disease It is important for Natural England: Risk Analysis (DRA) conducted in 2011 for the reintroduction of the short-haired bumblebee to • to be informed of potential alien infectious the UK, sourced from southern Sweden.
    [Show full text]
  • A Validated Workflow for Rapid Taxonomic Assignment and Monitoring of a National Fauna of Bees (Apiformes) Using High Throughput DNA Barcoding
    Article (refereed) - postprint This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Creedy, Thomas J.; Norman, Hannah; Tang, Cuong Q.; Qing Chin, Kai; Andujar, Carmelo; Arribas, Paula; O'Connor, Rory S.; Carvell, Claire; Notton, David G.; Vogler, Alfried P. 2020. A validated workflow for rapid taxonomic assignment and monitoring of a national fauna of bees (Apiformes) using high throughput DNA barcoding. Molecular Ecology Resources, 20 (1). 40-53, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13056 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd This version available http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/525292/ Copyright and other rights for material on this site are retained by the rights owners. Users should read the terms and conditions of use of this material at http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/policies.html#access This document is the authors’ final manuscript version of the journal article, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer review process. There may be differences between this and the publisher’s version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from this article. The definitive version is available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Contact UKCEH NORA team at [email protected] The NERC and UKCEH trademarks and logos (‘the Trademarks’) are registered trademarks of NERC and UKCEH in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner.
    [Show full text]
  • Status Review of Three Formerly Common Species of Bumble Bee in the Subgenus Bombus
    Status Review of Three Formerly Common Species of Bumble Bee in the Subgenus Bombus Bombus affinis (the rusty patched bumble bee), B. terricola (the yellowbanded bumble bee), and B. occidentalis (the western bumble bee) Photograph of Bombus affinis by Johanna James, 2008 Prepared by: Elaine Evans (The Xerces Society), Dr. Robbin Thorp (U.C. Davis), Sarina Jepsen (The Xerces Society), and Scott Hoffman Black (The Xerces Society) 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Executive Summary………………………………..……………………………. 3 II. Biology, Habitat Requirements, Pollination Ecology, and Taxonomy…………. 4 A. Biology…………………………………………………………………. 4 B. Habitat requirements…………………………………………………… 6 C. Pollination Ecology…………………………………………………….. 6 D. Taxonomy……………………………………………………………… 6 III. The rusty patched bumble bee, Bombus affinis Cresson……………………….. 7 A. Species Description…………………………………………………….. 7 B. Pollination Ecology…………………………………………………….. 8 C. Population Distribution and Status…………………………………….. 9 IV. The yellowbanded bumble bee, Bombus terricola Kirby……………………… 13 A. Species Description…………………………………………………….. 13 B. Pollination Ecology…………………………………………………….. 14 C. Population Distribution and Status…………………………………….. 14 V. The western bumble bee, Bombus occidentalis Greene………………………… 17 A. Species Description…………………………………………………….. 17 B. Pollination Ecology…………………………………………………….. 18 C. Population Distribution and Status…………………………………….. 19 VI. Current and Potential Threats – Summary of Factors for Consideration……… 24 A. Spread of Diseases and Pests by Commercial Bumble Bee Producers... 24
    [Show full text]
  • Species Documentation STATE of VERMONT ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE
    Species Documentation STATE OF VERMONT ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE 1. Scientific Name: Bombus affinis (Cresson, 1863) 7. Surrounding State & Provincial Status: 2. Common Name: Rusty-patched Bumble Bee Maine: SH 3. Species Code (Department use only): New Hampshire: SH 4. Current Vermont Status: S1 Massachusetts: SH 5. Recommended Vermont Status: Endangered New York: SH 6. Federal Status: ESA petition filed Jan. 2013 with Quebec: not ranked USFWS, Global Status- G1 (critically imperiled), Ontario: Endangered Canada Status- endangered, listed as imperiled on the Xerces Society’s Red List of Pollinator Insects of North America (Shepherd et al. 2005). POPULATION STATUS 8. Global, North American, and Vermont Ranges: Until recently, the Rusty-patched Bumble Bee (Bombus affinis) was broadly distributed across the eastern U.S. and Upper Midwest, north to Maine and southern Quebec and Ontario in Canada, south to the northeast corner of Georgia, reaching west to the eastern edges of North and South Dakota at elevations from sea level to approximately 6,000 feet (Fig. 1). Since 2000, B. affinis has been observed or collected in Connecticut (Litchfield County), Illinois (Champaign, Cook, DeWitt, Dupage, McHenry, Ogle, Peoria, and Winnebago Counties), Indiana (Jasper, Marion, Montgomery, Newton, and Starke Counties), Iowa (unknown county), Maryland (Anne Arundel and Prince George Counties), Massachusetts (Barnstable County), Minnesota (Cass, Hennepin, Itasca, Ramsey, and Washington Counties), Ontario (Lambton and Norfolk Counties), Tennessee (Blount/Swain County), and Wisconsin (Dane and Iowa Counties) (Jepsen et al. 2013). Three recent studies indicated a recent and rapid decline of B. affinis populations and range contraction (Cameron et al. 2011a, Colla et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Petition to List
    PETITION TO LIST Franklin’s Bumble Bee Bombus franklini (Frison), 1921 AS AN ENDANGERED SPECIES UNDER THE U.S. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Photo of Bombus franklini by Pete Schroeder Submitted by The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation and Dr. Robbin W. Thorp Prepared by Dr. Robbin Thorp, Sarina Jepsen, Sarah Foltz Jordan, Elaine Evans and Scott Hoffman Black June 23, 2010 Ken Salazar Secretary of the Interior Office of the Secretary Department of the Interior 18th and C Street N.W. Washington D.C., 20240 Dear Mr. Salazar: The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation and Dr. Robbin Thorp hereby formally petition to list the Franklin’s Bumble Bee (Bombus franklini) as endangered under the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq. This petition is filed under 5 U.S.C. 553(e) and 50 CFR 424.14 (1990), which grants interested parties the right to petition for issue of a rule from the Secretary of the Interior. Petitioners also request that critical habitat be designated concurrent with the listing, as required by 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b)(6)(C) and 50 C.F.R. § 424.12, and pursuant to the Administrative Procedures Act (5 U.S.C. § 553). The Franklin’s bumble bee (Bombus franklini) has a very limited geographic range and it is under significant and immediate threat. Based on almost a decade of cooperative surveys which were funded by the USDA Forest Service and the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, and USDI Bureau of Land Management, we believe that the worldwide population may be limited to only a few nests.
    [Show full text]