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INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 1945-1995

1999 USER GUIDE 1

DATA FORMAT

The data is set up in a standard SPSS data file (med99.sps). There are three records per case (conflict management event). The first record contains the dispute data, incorporating 66 columns. The second record contains the party data incorporating 77 columns. The third record contains the conflict management data including a 67 column repeating data format. The position of the data within the records is shown below.

Variable Code Variable Labels Column #

Dispute Variables Record 1

D1 Dispute Number 1-3 D2a Dispute Start Date (month) 5-6 D2b Dispute Start Date (year) 7-8 D3a Dispute End Date (month) 10-11 D3b Dispute End Date (year) 12-13 D4 Duration (grouped) 15 D4a Duration (raw) 16-18 D5 Fatalities (grouped) 19 D5a Fatalities (raw) 20-26 D6 Dispute Intensity 27 D7 Highest Action 28-29 D8 Hostility Level 30 D9 Reciprocity 31 D10 System Period Dispute Start 32 D11a Dispute in Progress 1945-55 33 D11b Dispute in Progress 1956-65 34 D11c Dispute in Progress 1966-75 35 D11d Dispute in Progress 1976-85 36 D11e Dispute in Progress 1986-95 37 D12 Geographic Region 38 D13 Geographical Proximity of Parties 39 D14 Issue One 40 D14a Issue Two 41 D14b Issue Three 42 D15 Final Outcome 43 D16 Reemergence of Dispute 44 D17 Type of Conflict 45 D18 Number Mediation Efforts 46-48 D18a Number of Mediations Offered Only 49 D19 Number of Mediators in the Dispute 50-51 D20 Number of Negotiations in the Dispute 52-54 D21 Number of Arbitrations in the Dispute 55 D22 Number of Referals to INO in the Dispute 56 D23 Number of Multilateral Conferences in the Dispute 57 D24 Total Number Conflict Management Efforts 58-60 D25 UN Involvment in the Dispute 61 D26 Super Power Involvement in the Dispute 62 D27 UN Peacekeeping/Sanctions/Embargos Operating 63 D28 Code Number of Previous Joint Dispute Between the Parties 64-66

Party Variables Record 2

P1 Dispute Initiator (Party A) 15-18 P2 Type of Power Initiator 19 P3 Balance of Power Initiator 20 P4a Party A Initiator in Previous Disputes 21 P4b Party B Initiator in Previous Disputes 22 P5a Identity Party A 23-26 P5b Identity Party B 27-30 P6a Time in International System Party A 31 P6b Time in International System Party B 32 P7 Alignment 33 P8a Type of Actor Party A 34 P8b Type of Actor Party B 35 P9a Member of UN Party A 36 P9b Member of UN Party B 37 P10a Power Party A (raw) 38-39 P10b Power Party B (raw) 40-41 P11a Power Party A (grouped) 42 P11b Power Party B (grouped) 43 P12 Previous Relations Between the Parties 44 P13a History Disputes with Other Parties Party A 45 P13b History Disputes with Other Parties Party B 46 P14a Political System Party A 47 P14b Political System Party B 48 P15a Political Openness/Democracy Score Party A 49-50 P15b Political Openness/Democracy Score Party B 51-52 P16a Political Closedness/Autocracy Score Party A 53-54 P16b Political Closedness/Autocracy Score Party B 55-56 P17a Politiy Change During the Dispute Party A 57 P17b Politiy Change During the Dispute Party B 58 P18a Leadership Change During the Dispute Party A 59 P18b Leadership Change During the Dispute Party B 60 P19a Number of Parties Supporting Party A 61 P19b Number of Parties Supporting Party B 62 P20a Homogeneity Party A 63 P20b Homogeneity Party B 64 P21a Political Rights Party A 65 P21b Political Rights Party B 66 P22a Civil Liberties Party A 67 P22b Civil Liberties Party B 68 P23 Initiator Same in Previous Disputes with the Parties 69 P24 Issues in Previous Dispute Between the Parties 70 P25 Balance of Power in the Parties Previous Dispute 71 P26 Highest Hostility Level in the Parties Previous Dispute 72 P27 Outcome of Previous Dispute Between the Parties 73 P28 Temporal Proximity the Parties Previous Dispute 74 P29 Polity Change of Parties Since Previous Joint Dispute 75 P30 Leadership Change of Parties Since Previous Joint Dispute 76 P31 United Nations Operations Present in Previous Joint Dispute 77

Record 3 RDCM Repeating Data Variable 1-3

Conflict Management Variabels Record 3

CM1 Mediation Number in the Dispute 5-8 CM2a Conflict Management start date (day) 10-11 CM2b Conflict Management start date (month) 13-13 CM2c Conflict Management start date (year) 14-15 CM3 Conflict Management Type 17 CM4 Third Party Identity 18-21 CM5 Mediator Rank 22-23 CM6 Strategies-Primary 24 CM6a Supplementary Strategies 25 CM7 Previous Relationship of the Parties with the Mediator 26 CM8 Previous Conflict Management Attempts this Dispute 27 CM9 Previous Attempts this Mediator in the Dispute 28 CM10a Timing of Conflict Management Effort (grouped) 29 CM10b Timing of Conflict Management Effort (raw) 30-32 CM11 Dispute Phase of Conflict Management Effort 33 CM12 Initiation of Conflict Management Effort By 34 CM13 Environment of Conflict Management Effort 35 CM14 Outcome of Conflict Management Effort 36 CM15 Hostilities Reported at Time of Intervention 37 CM16 Durability Outcome 38 CM17a Rank of Negotiator for Party A 39 CM17b Rank of Negotiator for Party B 40 CM18 Number of Mediators Acting in the Mediation Effort 41 CM19 Functional Mediator Identity 42 CM20 Mediation Effort Type 43 CM21 Mediator Experience 44 CM22 United Nations Mediator 45 CM23 Conflict Management Duration 46 CM24 Identifying International Organisation Mediating 47-48 CM25 Rank of Mediator Representing INO 49 CM26 Number Mediators in INO Attempts 50-51 CM27 Previous Conflict Management Type 52 CM28 Previous Conflict Management Initiated By 53 CM29 Previous Conflict Management Environment 54 CM30 Previous Conflcit Management Outcome 55 CM31 Previous Mediation/Negotiation Initiated by 56 CM32 Previous Mediation/Negotiation Environment 57 CM33 Previous Mediation/Negotiation Outcome 58 CM34 Change in Negotiator From Last Effort 59 CM35 Change in Mediator From Last Effort 60 CM36 Previous Rank of Last Mediator this Dispute 61-62 CM37 Previous Strategy of Last Mediation Effort 63 CM38 Previous Relationship of Last Mediator with the Parties 64 CM39 Previous Number of Mediators in Last Effort 65 CM40 Number of Different Mediators in the Dispute so far 66 CM41 Previous Strategy This Mediator in this Dispute 67 CM42 Previous Initiator With This Mediator this Dispute 68 CM43 Previous Environment With This Mediator this Dispute 69 CM44 Previous Outcome With This Mediator this Dispute 70 CM45 Mediator’s Experience With The Parties In Other Disputes 71

DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIABLES

DISPUTE CHARACTERISTICS

Identifying the Dispute.

D1 DISPUTE NUMBER Each dispute has an individual code number (Appendix 2)

Dispute Occurance.

D2a DISPUTE START DATE (MONTH) Month the dispute started

(01) Jan (05) May (09) Sept (13) 1st quarter (02) Feb (06) June (10) Oct (14) 2nd quarter (03)March (07) July (11) Nov (15) 3rd quarter (17) 1st half year (04) April (08) Aug (12) Dec (16) 4th quarter (18) 2nd half year

D2b DISPUTE START DATE (YEAR) Year the dispute started

From (45) to (95)

D3a DISPUTE END DATE (MONTH) Month the dispute ended

(01) Jan (05) May (09) Sept (13) 1st quarter (02) Feb (06) June (10) Oct (14) 2nd quarter (03) March (07) July (11) Nov (15) 3rd quarter (17) 1st half year (04) April (08) Aug (12) Dec (16) 4th quarter (18)2nd half year

D3b DISPUTE END DATE (YEAR) Year the dispute ended

From (45) to (95) (96) = ongoing dispute

D4 DURATION (GROUPED) Total duration of the dispute in months

(1) 0-1 months (3) 4-6 (5)13-24 (7) 36+ (2) 1-3 (4) 7-12 (6) 25-36 (9) Unknown

D4a DURATION (RAW)

The actual number of months

D10 SYSTEM PERIOD The system period in which the major part of the dispute occurred.

(1) 1945-55 (2) 1956-65 (3) 1966-75 (4) 1976-85 (5) 1986-95

D11a DISPUTE IN PROGRESS 1945-55

(0) no (1) yes

D11b DISPUTE IN PROGRESS 1956-65

(0) no (1) yes

D11c DISPUTE IN PROGRESS 1966-75

(0) no (1) yes

D11d DISPUTE IN PROGRESS 1976-85

(0) no (1) yes

D11e DISPUTE IN PROGRESS 1986-95

(0) no (1) yes

D12 GEOGRAPHIC REGION The geographic region in which the dispute occurred

(1) North America (4) South West Asia (2) Central and South America (5) East Asia and the Pacific (3) Africa (6) Middle East (7) Europe

D13 GEOGRAPHICAL PROXIMITY OF PARTIES

(1) both parties from region of dispute (2) one party outside of region (3) one party colonial power outside of region

Nature of the Dispute.

D5 FATALITIES (GROUPED)

(1) 0-500 (3) 1001-5000 (5) 10000+ (2) 501-1000 (4) 5001-10000 (9) Unknown

D5a FATLAITIES (RAW)

The actual number of fatalities

D6 DISPUTE INTENSITY Fatalities per month

(1) 0-500 (2) 501-1000 (3) 1001-10000 (4) 10000+ (5) Unknown

D7 HIGHEST ACTION

(01) no militarized action (11) nuclear alert (21) use of CBR weapons (02) threat to use force (12) mobilization (22) interstate war (03) threat to blockade (13) fortify border-close air space (23) full civil war (04) threat to occupy territory (14) border-air violation (24) rebellion-insurgency (05) threat to declare war or coup (15) blockade (25) independence war (06) threat to use nuclear weapons (16) occupation of territory-invasion attempt (07) show of troops (17) seizure (08) show of ships (18) clash (09) show of planes (19) other use of force-armed intervention to keep peace-security (10) alert (20) declaration of war

D8 HOSTILITY LEVEL

(1) no miliarized threat (2) threat to use force (3) display of force (4) use of force (5) war

D9 RECIPROCITY

(0) no (1) yes

D14 ISSUE ONE

(0) unspecified (2) Ideology (4) Independence (1) Territory (3) Security (5) Resources (6) Ethnic

D14a ISSUE TWO

(0) unspecified (2) Ideology (4) Independence (1) Territory (3) Security (5) Resources (6) Ethnic

D14b ISSUE THREE

(0) unspecified (2) Ideology (4) Independence (1) Territory (3) Security (5) Resources (6) Ethnic

D17 TYPE OF CONFLICT The level of internationalisation of the conflict.

(1) Civil/internal conflict which has been internationalised (2) Interstate

Outcome of the Dispute and Management Efforts.

D15 FINAL OUTCOME The eventual outcome of the dispute.

(1) Ongoing (3) One party victory (5) Partial settlement (2) Lapse (4) Abated (6) Full settlement

D16 REEMERGENCE OF DISPUTE

(1) ongoing dispute (3) regional dispute (2) later dispute emerge (4) continuing tensions (5) no later dispute emerge

D18 NUMBER OF MEDIATION EFFORTS The actual number of mediations attempted in this dispute

D18a NUMBER MEDIATIONS OFFERED ONLY The actual number of mediations offered but not accepted

D19 NUMBER MEDIATORS IN THE DISPUTE The actual number of mediators intervening in the dispute in total

D20 NUMBER NEGOTIATIONS IN THE DISPUTE The actual number of negotiations attempted in the dispute

D21 NUMBER ARBITRATIONS IN THE DISPUTE The actual number of arbitration attempts in the dispute

D22 NUMBER REFERRALS TO IINO’S IN THE DISPUTE The actual number of referrals to regional or international organisations

D23 NUMBER MULITLATERAL CONFERENCES IN THE DISPUTE The actual number of multilateral conferences managing the dispute

D24 TOTAL NUMBER CONFLICT MANAGEMENT EFFORTS IN THE DISPUTE The actual number of conflict management attempts made in the dispute

D25 UNITED NATIONS INVOLVEMENT IN THE DISPUTE

(1) United Nations involvement in managing the dispute (2) No United Nations Involvement

D26 SUPER POWER INVOLVEMENT IN DISPUTE

(1) Super Power as party (2) Super Power as active ally (5) Super Power combined role as party/ally/mediator (3) Super Power as mediator (9) No Super Power involvement (4) Super Power key member of Organisation committee/group mediating

D27 UN PEACEKEEPING/SANCTIONS/EMBARGOS IN OPREATION

(0) No UN Operations (4) Peacekeeping/sanctions/embargos established (1) Peacekeeping established theis dispute (5) Peacekeeping/sanctions/embargos already operating (2) Peacekeeping already operating (3) Peacekeeping established and already operating

D28 CODE NUMBER OF THE PREVIOUS JOINT DISPUTE BETWEEN THE PARTIES The dispute code number (D1) of the previous dispute between these two parties.

PARTY CHARACTERISTICS

Idenifiying the Dispute Initiator.

P1 DISPUTE INITIATOR (Party A) Party Code number of the initiating party. See Appendix B.

P2 TYPE OF POWER INITIATOR Based on Cox-Jacobson scale scores (Appendix 2)

(1) superpower (3) middle power (5) micro power (2) large power (4) small power (6) non-state

P3 BALANCE OF POWER INITIATOR

(1) stronger (2) equal to other party (3) weaker

P4a PARTY A INITIATOR IN PREVIOUS DISPUTES

(1) no (2) yes

P4b PARTY B INITIATOR IN PREVIOUS DISPUTES

(1) no (2) yes

The Nature of the Parties -Internal factors.

P5a IDENTITY PARTY A Party identity code (Appendix B)

P5b IDENTITY PARTY B Party identity code (Appendix B)

P10a POWER PARTY A (RAW) Raw power score from the Cox-Jacobson Scale (Appendix 2)

P10b POWER PARTY B (RAW) Raw power score from the Cox-Jacobson Scale (Appendix 2)

P11a POWER PARTY A (GROUPED) (from Cox-Jacobson Scale)

(1) Non-state actor (4) 14-20 (2) 1-7 (5) 21-26 (3) 8-13 (6) 27-30 (7) 30+

P11b POWER PARTY B (GROUPED) (from Cox-Jacobson Scale)

(1) Non-state actor (4) 14-20 (2) 1-7 (5) 21-26 (3) 8-13 (6) 27-30 (7) 30+

P14a POLITICAL SYSTEM PARTY A Nature of the POLITY of the Party at the start of the dispute.

(1) Democracy (6) Military regime (2) Totalitarian (7) Nonstate- becomes independent during the dispute (3) Communist (8) Nonstate- ethnic/regional base (4) Authoritarian (9) Nonstate- political/military base (5) Monarchy

P14b POLITICAL SYSTEM PARTY B Nature of the POLITY of the Party at the start of the dispute

P15A POLITICAL OPENNESS/DEMOCRACY SCORE PARTY A Polity III Scale for Democracy

(1) through (10) degree on democracy operating (55) nonstate actor (77) interreguum (66) interruption (88) transitional (99) data not available

P15B POLITICAL OPENNESS/DEMOCRACY SCORE PARTY B Polity III Scale for Democracy

(1) through (10) degree on democracy operating (55) nonstate actor (77) interreguum (66) interruption (88) transitional (99) data not available

P16A POLITICAL CLOSEDNESS/AUTOCRACY SCORE PARTY A Polity III Scale for Autocracy

(1) through (10) degree on democracy operating (55) nonstate actor (77) interreguum (66) interruption (88) transitional (99) data not available

P16B POLITICAL CLOSEDNESS/AUTOCRACY SCORE PARTY B Polity III Scale for Autocracy

(1) through (10) degree on democracy operating (55) nonstate actor (77) interreguum (66) interruption (88) transitional (99) data not available

P17A POLITY CHANGE DURING THE DISPUTE PARTY A

(1) Nonstate to Democratic (5) Type of Autocracy change (2) Nonstate to Autocracy or Communist (6) Change to Communist (3) Democracy -increase or change (7) Enters a Transition Period (4) Autocracy -increase or change (8) A combination of Poliy changes (9) No significant polity change

P17B POLITY CHANGE DURING THE DISPUTE PARTY B

P18A LEADERSHIP CHANGE DURING THE DISPUTE PARTY A A change in the political leadership of the party during the period of the dispute.

(1) Leadership Change (2) No Leadership Change (3) Unknown

P18B LEADERSHIP CHANGE DURING THE DISPUTE PARTY B A change in the political leadership of the party during the period of the dispute.

(1) Leadership Change (2) No Leadership Change (3) Unknown

P20a HOMOGENEITY OF PARTY A Index of internal homogeneity (Appendix 2)

P20b HOMOGENEITY OF PARTY B Index of internal homogeneity (Appendix 2)

P21a POLITICAL RIGHTS PARTY A Index of political rights (Appendix 2)

P21b POLITICAL RIGHTS PARTY B Index of political rights (Appendix 2)

P22a CIVIL LIBERTIES PARTY A Index of civil liberties (Appendix 2)

P22b CIVIL LIBERTIES PARTY B Index of civil liberties (Appendix 2)

The Nature of the Parties -External factors.

P6a TIME IN INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM PARTY A Length of time in the international system as a legitimate state actor

(0) Not applicable (2) 6-20 (4) 51-100 (1) 0-5 years (3) 21-50 (5) 100+

P6b TIME IN INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM PARTY B Length of time in the international system as a legitimate state actor

(0) Not applicable (2) 6-20 (4) 51-100 (1) 0-5 years (3) 21-50 (5) 100+

P8a TYPE OF ACTOR PARTY A

(1) state (2) non-state (3) Party becomes a legitimate state during the conflict

P8b TYPE OF ACTOR PARTY B

(1) state (2) non-state (3) Party becomes a legitimate state during the conflict

P9a MEMBER OF UN PARTY A

(1) yes (2) no (3) joins UN during conflict

P9b MEMBER OF UN PARTY B

(1) yes (2) no (3) joins UN during conflict

P7 ALIGNMENT The political alignment of the disputing parties.

(1) Members of opposing blocs (4) Both unaligned (2) Members of the same bloc (5) Different regional organisation (3) Bloc member vs. unaligned (6) Same regional organisation (7) Regional organisation vs. unaligned

Conflict History of the Parties.

P12 PREVIOUS RELATIONS BETWEEN THE PARTIES IN THE DISPUTE The nature of the parties relationship prior to the dispute.

(1) Friendly (4) Previous conflict, no (military) hostilities (2) No previous relationship (5) 1 Previous dispute (3) Antagonism (6) More than 1 previous dispute

P13a HISTORY OF DISPUTES WITH OTHER PARTIES PARTY A

(1) no (2) yes

P13b HISTORY OF DISPUTES WITH OTHER PARTIES PARTY B

(1) no (2) yes

P19a NUMBER OF PARTIES SUPPORTING PARTY A Number of additional parties allied with Party A.

(1) No other party involved (3) Additional 3-5 parties involved (2) Additional 1-2 parties involved (4) More than 5 parties involved

P19b NUMBER OF PARTIES SUPPORTING PARTY B Number of additional parties allied with Party B

(1) No other party involved (3) Additional 3-5 parties involved (2) Additional 1-2 parties involved (4) More than 5 parties involved

P23 INITIATOR THE SAME IN PREVIOUS DISPUTE BETWEEN THESE PARTIES

(0) no previous dispute' (1) yes (2) no (9) 1st in series of disputes

P24 ISSUES PREVIOUS DISPUTE BETWEEN THESE PARTIES

(0) no previous dispute (3) Security (6) Other/Ethnic (1) Territory (4) Independence (9) 1st in series of disputes (2) Ideology (5) Resource

P25 BALANCE OF POWER IN PREVIOUS DISPUTE BETWEEN THESE PARTIES

(0) no previous dispute (2) same balance (1) greater disparity (3) less disparity' (9) 1st in series of disputes

P26 HIGHEST HOSTILITY LEVEL IN PREVIOUS DISPUTE BETWEEN THESE PARTIES

(0) no previous dispute (2) threat to use force (4) use of force (1) no miliarized threat (3) display of force (5) war (9) 1st in series of disputes

P27 OUTCOME OF PREVIOUS DISPUTE BETWEEN THESE PARTIES

(0) no previous dispute (3) Victory (6) Full Settlement (1) Ongoing (4) Abated (9) 1st in series of disputes (2) Lapse (5) Partial Settlement

P28 TEMPORTAL PROXIMITY OF PREVIOUS DISPUTE BETWEEN THESE PARTIES

(0) no previous dispute (3) >6mths to 2 years (6) greater than 10 years (1) 1 month or less (4) >2yrs to 5 years (9) 1st in series of disputes (2) >1 to 6 months (5) >5yrs to 10 years

P29 POLITY CHANGE OF PARTIES SINCE THEIR PREVIOUS JOINT DISPUTE

(0) no previous dispute (2) polity change Party A (4) polity change both parties (1) no polity change (3) polity change Party B (9) 1st in series of disputes

P30 LEADERSHIP CHANGE OF THE PARTIES SINCE THEIR PREVIOUS JOINT DISPUTE

(0) no previous dispute (2) leadership change Party A (4) leadership change both parties (1) no leadership change (3) leadership change Party B (9) 1st in series of disputes

P31 UNITED NATIONS OPERATIONS IN THE PARTIES PREVIOUS JOINT DISPUTE

(0) no previous dispute (2) Peacekeeping (1) no UN operations (3) Peacekeeping/Sanctions/Embargos present (9) 1st in series of disputes

RDCM REPEATING DATA VARIABLE This is the key (‘occurs’) variable in the repeating data format.

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT CHARACTERISTICS

Identifying Conflcit Management Efforts.

CM2a CONFLICT MANAGEMENT START DATE (DAY) The actual day of the month of the conflict management attempt

(01) to (31) according to the specific day of the month if known. (32) 1st week (35) 4th week (37) 1st half month (33) 2nd week (36) 5th week (38) 2nd half month (34) 3rd week

CM2b CONFLICT MANAGEMENT START DATE (MONTH) Month the conflict management attempt started

(01) Jan ( 05) May (09) Sept (13) 1st quarter (02) Feb (06) June (10) Oct (14) 2nd quarter (03) March (07) July (11) Nov (15) 3rd quarter (17) 1st half year (04) April (08) Aug (12) Dec (16) 4th quarter (18) 2nd half year

CM2c CONFLICT MANAGEMENT START DATE (YEAR) Year the conflict management attempt started

From (45) to (95)

CM3 CONFLICT MANAGEMENT TYPE

(0) No Conflict Management Activity (3) Arbitration / Adjudication (1) Mediation (4) Referral to International Organisation (2) Negotiation (5) Multilateral Conference

General Conflict Management Factors.

CM8 NUMBER OF PREVIOUS CONFLICT MANAGEMENT ATTEMPTS IN THIS DISPUTE

(0) 0 (2) 3-4 (4) 7-8 (6) 10+ (1) 1-2 (3) 5-6 (5) 9-10 (9) No mediation/negotiation

CM10a TIMING (GROUPED) OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT EFFORT The number of months elapsed at the time of intervention.

(1) 1-2 (3) 7-12 (5) 25-36 (2) 3-6 (4) 13-24 (6) 36+ (9) No Management

CM10b TIMING (RAW) OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT EFFORT The exact number of months elapsed at the time of intervention

CM23 CONFLICT MANAGEMENT DURATION The length of time that the conflict management attempt took to achieve an outcome

(1) 1 Day (4) 2-3 Weeks (7) 2 Months (2) 2-5 Days (5) 1 Month (8) 3+ Months (3) 1 Week (6) 6-7 Weeks (9) Unknown/not applicable

CM11 DISPUTE PHASE CONFLICT MANAGEMENT EFFORT

(1) Dispute (3) Hostilities (5) Dispute Post-Hostilities (2) Crisis (4) Crisis Post-Hostilities (6) Settlement (9) No Conflict Management

CM12 INITIATED BY Request for conflict management initiated by (0) No management (2) Both parties (4) Regional organisation (1) One party (3) Mediator (5) International organisation (6) Unspecified

CM13 ENVIRONMENT The physical environment in which conflict management takes place

(1) Party A’s territory (3) Third Party territory (5) Composite (2) Party B’s territory (4) Neutral site (6) 0ffered only/unspecified (9) No management

CM14 OUTCOME The specific outcome of the conflict management attempt

(0) No management (2) Unsuccessful (4) Partial settlement (1) Offered Only (3) Cease-fire (5) Full settlement

CM15 HOSTILITIES REPORTED AT TIME OF INTERVENTION Military hostilities during conflict management attempt

(1) Yes (2) No (9) No Conflict Management

CM16 DURABILITY OUTCOME Number of weeks that the cease-fire or settlement has lasted

(0) Less than 1 week (4) 4 weeks (1) 1 week (5) 5 weeks (2) 2 weeks (6) 6 weeks (8) 8 weeks or more (3) 3 weeks (7) 7 weeks (9) Unspecified/Not applicable

CM17a RANK OF NEGOTIATORS FOR PARTY A Negotiators in the conflict management attempt for Party A

(0) Offered Only (2) Senior-Level Decision-Maker (6) Unspecified (1) Primary Decision-Maker (3) Low-Level Representatives. (9) No Conflict management/Not Applicable

CM17b RANK OF NEGOTIATORS FOR PARTY B Negotiators in the conflict management attempt for Party B

(0) Offered Only (2) Senior-Level Decision-Maker (6) Unspecified (1) Primary Decision-Maker (3) Low-Level Representatives. (9) No Conflict management/Not Applicable

Mediator Factors.

CM1 MEDIATION NUMBER A number allocated to each mediation event according to the sequential order of mediations in the dispute

CM4 THIRD PARTY IDENTITY Mediator/Third party code number (Appendices 2)

CM5 MEDIATOR RANK

(00) No mediation (06) Leader of an international organisation (01) Private Individual (07) Representative of a small government (02) Leader of a national organisation (08) Representative of a large government (03) Representative of a regional organisation (09) Leader of a small government (04) Leader of a regional organisation (10) Leader of a large government (05) Representative of an international organisation

CM6 STRATEGIES - PRIMARY The primary strategy employed by the mediator.

(0) No mediation (3) Procedural (1) Mediation Offered Only (4) Directive (2) Communication-Facilitation (6) Unspecified

CM6a SUPPLEMENTARY STRATEGIES

(0) No mediation (5) Communication-Facilitation/Directive (1) Mediation Offered Only (6) CommunicationFacilitation/Procedural (2) Communication-Facilitation (7) Procedural/Directive (3) Procedural (9) Unspecified (4) Directive

CM7 PREVIOUS RELATIONSHIP OF THE PARTIES WITH THE MEDIATOR

(0) No mediation (2) Different bloc (4) Same bloc as both parties (1) No previous relationship (3) Same bloc as one party (5) Mixed relationship

CM9 NUMBER OF PREVIOUS MEDIATION ATTEMPTS BY THIS MEDIATOR IN THE DISPUTE

(0) 0 (2) 2 (4) 4 (6) 5+ (1) 1 (3) 3 (5) 5 (9) No mediation

CM18 NUMBER OF MEDIATORS ACTING IN THE MEDIATION EVENT Identification of the number of mediators involved in the current mediation attempt and the interests represented

(1) One mediator (4) Group mediator -members with same interests (2) Two mediators - representing same interests (5) Group mediator -members with different interests (3) Two mediators - representing different interests (9) no mediation/not applicable

CM19 FUNCTIONAL MEDIATOR IDENTITY The nature of the group the mediator represents.

(1) Individual (4) Functional Non-Governmental Organisation (2) Regional Organisation (5) State (7) Unspecified (3) International Organisation (6) Mixed (9) No mediation/not applicable

CM20 MEDIATION EFFORT TYPE The wider diplomatic context of mediation effort.

(0) Ongoing effort (3) Unspecified (2) Solo effort (9) Not applicable

CM21 MEDIATOR EXPERIENCE Known previous experience of the mediator in any international conflict situation

(1) No previous experience (4) 5-6 (7) At least 1 experienced mediator in Group/Pair (2) 1-2 previous mediations (5) 7-8 (8) Unknown Mediators Experience (3) 3-4 (6) 9+ (9) Not applicable

CM22 UNITED NATIONS MEDIATOR

(1) United Nations Mediator (2) Non United Nations Mediator (9) no mediation

CM24 IDENTIFYING INO MEDIATING

(01) UN (06) OSCE (12) Arab League-UN (16) OSCE-UN (02) Arab League (07) ASEAN (13) EU-UN (17) ASEAN-UN (03) EU (14) OAS-UN (18) EU-OSCE (04) OAS (15) OAU-UN (19') UN-OAU-Arab League (05) OAU (09) not applicable

CM25 RANK OF MEDIATOR REPRESENTATIVE OF INO

(0) Unspecified mediator from INO (5) Special Envoy-representative of Secretary-General (1) Secretary-General from INO (6) Commander-high ranking military official (2) Security Council of INO (7) Appointed high ranking INO mediator (3) INO body/committee (8) Appointed low ranking INO mediator (4) Commission-Special Mission (9) not applicable

CM26 NUMBER MEDIATORS IN INO ATTEMPT

(00) INO body involved (05) 1 INO mediator-Diplomatic mediator (01) single mediator (06) 2 INO mediator-Diplomatic mediator (02) INO body-specified (07) multiple INO mediators-Diplomatic mediators (03) 2 mediators (08) referral to INO only (04) multiple mediators (09) unspecified INO mediator (10) not applicable

Identifying Factors From Previous Conflict Management Efforts.

CM27 PREVIOUS CONFLICT MANAGEMENT TYPE

(0) No Previous Conflict Management Activity (3) Arbitration / Adjudication (1) Mediation (4) Referral to International Organisation (2) Negotiation (5) Multilateral Conference (9) No conflict management

CM28 PREVIOUS CONFLICT MANAGEMENT INITIATED BY

(0) No previous management (2) Both parties (4) Regional organisation (6) Unspecified (1) One party (3) Mediator (5) International organisation(9)No conflict management

CM29 PREVIOUS CONFLICT MANAGMEENT ENVIRONMENT

(0) No previous management (1) Party A’s territory (3) Third Party territory (5) Composite (2) Party B’s territory (4) Neutral site (6) 0ffered only/unspecified (9) No management

CM30 PREVIOUS CONFLICT MANAGEMENT OUTCOME

(0) No previous management (2) Unsuccessful (4) Partial settlement (1) Offered Only (3) Cease-fire (5) Full settlement (9) No management

CM31 PREVIOUS MEDIATION OR NEGOTIATION INITIATED BY

(0) No previous mediation-negotiation (2) Both parties (4) Regional organisation (6) Unspecified (1) One party (3) Mediator (5) International organisation(9) Not applicable

CM32 PREVIOUS MEDIATION OR NEGOTIATION ENVIRONMENT

(0) No previous mediation-negotiation (1) Party A’s territory (3) Third Party territory (5) Composite (2) Party B’s territory (4) Neutral site (6) 0ffered only/unspecified (9) Not applicable

CM33 PREVIOUS MEDIATION OR NEGOTIATION OUTCOME

(0) No previous mediation-negotiation (2) Unsuccessful (4) Partial settlement (1) Offered Only (3) Cease-fire (5) Full settlement (9) Not applicable

CM34 CHANGE IN NEGOTIATORS

(0) no previous negotiations (2) different-same rank negotiators (6) unspecified (1) different negotiators (3) exact same negotiators both parties (9) not applicable

CM35 CHANGE IN MEDIATOR

(0) no previous mediator (3) different rank-same party (1) different mediator (4) different/same rank and party (6)unspecified (2) different party-same rank (5) exact same mediator (9) no mediation/not applicable

CM36 PREVIOUS RANK OF LAST MEDIATOR

(00) No previous mediation (06) Leader of an international organisation (01) Private Individual (07) Representative of a small government (02) Leader of a national organisation (08) Representative of a large government (03) Representative of a regional organisation (09) Leader of a small government (04) Leader of a regional organisation (10) Leader of a large government (05) Representative of an international organisation (99) not applicable

CM37 PREVIOUS STRATEGY OF LAST MEDIATOR

(0) No previous mediation (3) Procedural (1) Mediation Offered Only (4) Directive (2) Communication-Facilitation (6) Unspecified (9) Not applicable

CM38 PREVIOUS RELATIONSHIP OF LAST MEDIATOR WITH THE PARTIES

(0) No previous mediation (2) Different bloc (4) Same bloc as both parties (1) No previous relationship (3) Same bloc as one party (5) Mixed relationship (9) Not applicable

CM39 PREVIOUS NUMBER OF MEDIATORS IN THE LAST MEDIATION EFFORT

(0) No previous mediation (1) One mediator (4) Group mediator -members with same interests (2) Two mediators - representing same interests (5) Group mediator -members with different interests (3) Two mediators - representing different interests (9) Not applicable

CM40 NUMBER OF DIFFERENT MEDIATORS IN THE DISPUTE SO FAR The exact number of mediators that have intervened in the dispute to this point (raw total)

CM41 PREVIOUS STRATEGY EMPOLYED BY THIS MEDIATOR IN THE DISPUTE

(0) No previous mediation effort (3) Procedural (1) Mediation Offered Only (4) Directive (2) Communication-Facilitation (6) Unspecified (9) Not applicable

CM42 PREVIOUS INITIATOR WITH THIS MEDIATOR IN THE DISPUTE

(0) No previous mediation effort (2) Both parties (4) Regional organisation (6) Unspecified (1) One party (3) Mediator (5) International organisation(9) Not applicable

CM43 PREVIOUS ENVIRONMENT WITH THIS MEDIATOR IN THE DISPUTE

(0) No previous mediation effort (1) Party A’s territory (3) Third Party territory (5) Composite (2) Party B’s territory (4) Neutral site (6) 0ffered only/unspecified (9) Not applicable

CM44 PREVIOUS OUTCOME WITH THIS MEDIATOR IN THE DISPUTE

(0) No previous mediation effort (2) Unsuccessful (4) Partial settlement (1) Offered Only (3) Cease-fire (5) Full settlement (9) Not applicable

CM45 MEDIATOR’S EXPERIENCE WITH THESE PARTIES IN OTHER DISPUTES

(0) No Previous Experience (3) Both parties in same dispute (1) With One Party Only (4) Both parties in same and different disputes (2) Both parties but in different disputes (5) Experience but not with these parties (9) not applicable

APPENDIX A -CONFLICT LIST

001 The Chinese Civil War (1945-1949) The Chinese Communist revolution and civil war.

002 The Greek Civil War (1945-1950) Anti-monarchist Communist insurgency and civil war.

003 India-Britain: Independence and Partition (1945-1948) Independence and Civil war.

004 France - Levant: Independence Crisis (1945-Dec.1946) Syrian and Lebanese independence.

005 The USSR - Iran: Azerbaijan Crisis (Aug.1945-Oct.1947) Pro-Communist campaign of secession.

006 The Netherlands-The Dutch East Indies: Indonesian Independence (late 1945-Nov.1949) Indonesian nationalism and war of independence.

007 France - Indochina: Independence Struggle (Dec.1945-Jul.1954) Independence struggle of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, and the French-Indochina war.

008 Yugoslavia - The USA: Air Incidents (Aug.1946) Cold war tensions.

009 Madagascar-France: Nationalist Rebellion (Mar.1947-Aug.1947) Independence attempt.

010 Pakistan - India: The First Kashmir War (Oct.1947-Jan.1949) Post-partition separatism and the India-Pakistan wars.

011 The Costa Rican Civil War (Mar.1948-Apr.1948) Anti-corruption military insurgency and civil war.

012 The Israeli War of Independence (May 1948-Jan.1949) British decolonization and independence, and Arab-Israeli territorial dispute.

013 The USSR - The Western Allies: The Berlin Airlift Crisis (Jun.1948-May 1949) Cold war tensions.

014 The Malayan Emergency (Jun.1948-Jul.1960) Anti-British communist insurgency in Malaysia and Singapore.

015 India - Hyderabad: Secession Attempt (Jul.1948-Sept.1948) Post-partition separatist violence.

016 Burma: The Kuomintang Conflict (Aug.1948-1954) KMT-PLA cross border conflict.

017 Nicaragua-Costa Rica: Border Conflict (Dec.1948-Feb.1949) Antigovernment rebel activity.

018 Burma: Civil War and Insurgency (Jan.1949-ongoing) Separatist guerrilla insurgency.

019 Eritrea - Ethiopia: Independence Attempt (Jul.1949-Dec.1950) Eritrean nationalism and agitation for independence.

020 Afghanistan-Pakistan: Border Conflict (Aug.1949) Post-independence territorial dispute.

021 China - Taiwan: The Straits of Formosa Conflict (Oct.1949-Jun.1953) KMT-CCP territorial dispute and amphibious assaults in the Taiwan Strait.

022 The USA - The USSR: Air Incidents (Apr.1950-Oct.1950) Cold war tensions.

023 Afghanistan - Pakistan: The Pathan Conflict (Jun.1950-Oct.1950) Territorial dispute.

024 The Korean War (Jun.1950-Jul.1953) Cold war territorial dispute.

025 China - Tibet: The Tibetian Autonomy Dispute (Oct.1950-May 1951) Military occupation and the re-incorporation of Tibet in to China.

026 Syria - Israel: The Lake Tiberias Dispute (Apr.1951-May 1951) Arab-Israeli territorial and resource dispute.

027 Saudi Arabia-Oman: The Buraimi Crisis (1952-Oct.1955) Territorial and resource dispute.

028 Tunisian Independence (Jan.1952-Mar.1956) African nationalism and war of independence.

029 Egypt - The UK: The Suez Canal Zone Dispute (Jan.1952-June.1956) Sovereignty dispute.

030 Yugoslavia-Italy: The Trieste Dispute (Mar.1952-Oct.1954) Cold war territorial dispute.

031 China - Portugal: The Macao Conflict (Jul.1952-Aug.1952) Territorial dispute.

032 Argentina - Chile: The Beagle Channel Dispute (Jul.1952-1968) Border conflict.

033 Kenya - United Kingdom: The Mau Mau Revolt (Aug.1952-Dec.1963) Anti-colonial tribal uprising.

034 The USSR - The USA: Air Incidents (Oct.1952-Jul.1956) Cold war tensions.

035 Israel - Jordan: The West Bank Border Conflict (Jan.1953-Dec.1954) Arab-Israeli hostilities and PLO incursions.

036 China - The USA/Taiwan: The Quemoy Confrontation (Apr.1954-Apr.1955) KMT-CCP territorial dispute and the bombardment of Quemoy.

037 The Guatemalan Civil War and Insurgency (Jun.1954-ongoing) Left-wing insurgency and civil war.

038 Algerian Independence (Nov.1954-Mar.1962) African nationalism and war of independence.

039 Nicaragua - Costa Rica: Invasion Attempt (Jan.1955) Post civil war tensions and border conflict with exiled rebels.

040 Turkey - Syria: Border Incidents (Mar.1955-Nov.1957) Cod war tensions.

041 Cyprus-The United Kingdom: The Enosis Movement (Sept.1955-Feb.1959) Inter-communal violence.

042 Syria - Israel: The Lake Tiberias Dispute (Oct.1955-Dec.1955) Arab-Israeli hostilities, cross border raids.

043 Yemen - The United Kingdom: The Aden Conflict (1956-1960) Anti-British autonomy campaign.

044 China - Tibet: Incorporation Struggle (Mar.1956-Sept.1965) Anti-Chinese guerrilla war.

045 Taiwan - South Vietnam: The Paracel Islands Dispute (Jun.1956-Aug.1956) Territorial dispute.

046 Israel - Jordan: The Mt Scopus Conflict (Jul.1956-Jan.1958) Arab-Israeli territorial dispute.

047 The Suez War (Oct.1956-Nov.1956) Sovereignty dispute between the UK, France, Israel and Egypt.

048 The USSR - Hungary: The Hungarian Uprising of 1956 (Oct.1956-Dec.1956) Anticommunist revolt and Soviet invasion.

049 The Cuban Civil War (Dec.1956-Jan.1959) Civil war and Castro’s communist revolution.

050 Nicaragua-Honduras: The Mocoran Seizure (Apr.1957-June.1957) Boundary dispute.

051 Israel - Syria: The Golan Heights Conflict (Jun.1957-Feb.1958)

Arab-Israeli territorial dispute.

052 Morocco-Spain: The Sahara Conflict (Nov.1957-Apr.1958) Post-independence autonomy dispute.

053 The Panama Revolutionaries Conflict (1958-May 1959) A Cuban-backed invasion of Panama.

054 Egypt - Sudan: Border Dispute (Feb.1958) Post-independence territorial dispute.

055 France - Tunisia: The Military Bases Conflict (Feb.1958-May 1958) Post-independence autonomy dispute.

056 India - Pakistan: The Surma River Incidents (Mar.1958-Sept.1959) Post-partition border tensions.

057 The First Lebanese Civil War (May 1958-Jun.1959) Internal strife and civil war.

058 China - The USA/Taiwan: The Quemoy Islands Bombardment (Jul.1958-Dec.1958) KMT-CCP territorial dispute.

059 Cambodia - Siam (Thailand): Border Conflict (Nov.1958-Feb.1959) Regional rivalry and fears of communist insurgency.

060 The First Laotian Civil War (Dec.1958-1962) Political anarchy and civil war.

061 France - Tunisia: Algerian Border Incidents (Feb.1959-Aug.1959) The French-Algerian war.

062 Syria - Iraq: The Mosul Revolt (Mar.1959-Apr.1959) Syrian-backed putch and government suppression.

063 Cuba - The Dominican Republic: The Exiles Conflict (Jun.1959-Jul.1959) Cuban-sponsored military invasion.

064 China - Nepal: Border Dispute (Jun.1959-Jul.1960) The pursuit of Tibetan exiles cross-border incidents.

065 Cuba - Haiti: The Haitan Exiles Conflict (Aug.1959) Cuban-sponsored military invasion.

066 China - India: The McMahon Line Boundary Dispute (Aug.1959-Feb.1960) Border dispute and the Sino-Indian wars.

067 The Congo Conflict (Jul.1960-mid-1964) Secession, anarchy, and the Belgian Congo (Zaire) civil war with the Katanga rebels.

068 Afghanistan-Pakistan: The Pathan Conflict (Sept.1960-May 1963) Boundary dispute.

069 North-South Vietnam: The Vietcong Terrorist Campaign (Dec.1960-May 1975) Civil war leading to the anticommunist US military invasion and the Vietnam War.

070 The African Territories - Portugal: Independence Struggle (1961-Jul.1975) African nationalism in Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and Mozambique and the struggle for independence.

071 The Kurds - Iraq: Secession Attempt (Mar.1961-June.1966) Guerrilla warfare and struggle for autonomy.

072 The USA - Cuba: The Bay of Pigs (Apr.1961-May 1961) Anti-Castro military invasion.

073 Iraq - Kuwait: The Kuwaiti Independence Crisis (Jun.1961-Feb.1962) Territorial dispute.

074 The USSR - The USA: The Berlin Wall (Jul.1961-Nov.1961) Cold war tensions.

075 Tunisia-France: The Bizerte Conflict (Jul.1961-Sept.1961) Post-independence autonomy dispute.

076 India - Portugal: The Goa Conflict (Dec.1961) Anti-Portuguese territorial dispute.

077 Indonesia - Malaysia: The Borneo Conflict (1962-Nov.1965) Separatist civil disturbances.

078 Indonesia-The Netherlands: West Irian (Irian Jaya) Administration Dispute (Jan.1962-Aug.1962) Separatist insurgency.

079 China - Taiwan: Invasion Threat (Mar.1962-Dec.1962) KMT-CCP territorial dispute.

080 Nepal - India: Border Incidents (Apr.1962-Nov.1962) Pro-democracy rebellion.

081 Syria - Israel: The Lake Tiberias Dispute (Jun.1962-Aug.1963) Arab-Israeli territorial dispute.

082 The USA - The USSR: The Cuban Missile Crisis (Sept.1962-Nov.1962) Cold war confrontation.

083 North Yemen: The Royalist Rebellion (Sept.1962-Oct.1967) Civil war.

084 India - China: Border War (Oct.1962-Nov.1962) McMahon Line border dispute and the Sino-Indian wars.

085 Somalia - Kenya/ Ethiopia: Somali Expansionism (Nov.1962-Sept.1967) Separatist insurgency.

086 China - USSR: The Ussuri River Conflict (Mar.1963-Sept.1969) Territorial dispute.

087 The First Sudan Civil War (Sept.1963-Mar.1972) Southern separatism and Anya-Nya terrorism.

088 Algeria - Morocco: The Tindouf War (Oct.1963-Feb.1964) Territorial dispute.

089 The Cypriot Civil War (Dec.1963-Nov.1967) Inter-communal violence.

090 Somalia - Ethiopia: The First Ogaden War (Jan.1964-Mar.1964) Somali expansionism and separatist guerrilla fighting.

091 Panama -The USA: The Flag Riots (Jan.1964-Apr.1964) Sovereignty dispute.

092 Rwanda - Burundi: The Hutu-Tutsi Ethnic Conflict (Jan.1964-Jan.1965) Post-independence ethnic violence.

093 France - Gabon: Aubaume's Coup (Feb.1964) Military putch and French military invasion.

094 South Vietnam - Cambodia: Border Conflict (Mar.1964-Dec.1964) Anti-Vietminh cross-border raids.

095 North Vietnam - Laos: The Second LaotianCivil War (Apr.1964-May 1975) Political anarchy and civil war.

096 Syria - Israel: Border Incidents (Jun.1964-Jul.1966) Arab-Israeli dispute.

097 North Vietnam - The USA: The Vietnam War (Aug.1964-May 1975) Anticommunist military intervention.

098 Israel - Jordan: Border Incidents (Dec.1964-Apr.1966) Arab-Israeli dispute.

099 India - Pakistan: Border Skirmishes (1965-1970) Regional rivalry and territorial dispute, and the India-Pakistan wars.

100 Eritrea - Ethiopia: War of Secession (1965-May 1993) Eritrean nationalism.

101 Irian Jaya - Indonesia: Secession Insurgency (1965-ongoing) Territorial dispute.

102 Colombian Guerrilla Insurgency (1965-ongoing) Banditry and leftist guerrilla insurgency.

103 Ghana - Togo: Border Incidents (Jan.1965-May 1965) Ghanaian expansionism.

104 Uganda - Congo (Zaire): Border Incidents (Feb.1965-Mar.1965) Rebel activity in cross-border incidents.

105 The USA - The Dominican Republic: The Constitutionalist Rebellion (Apr.1965-Sept.1966) Civil war and US intervention.

106 North Korea - South Korea: Border Incidents (mid-1965-Mar.1968) Post Korean War tensions.

107 India - Pakistan: The Second Kashmir War (Aug.1965-Sept.1965) Territorial dispute and the India-Pakistan wars.

108 China - India: McMahon Line Border Incidents (Sept.1965) The Sino-India wars.

109 Lebanon - Israel: The Houla Raids (Oct.1965) Arab-Israeli dispute, PLO sorties and IDF counterattacks.

110 Chad - Sudan: The First Chad Civil War (Nov.1965-1972) Internal strife and Sudanese intervention.

111 Namibian Independence Struggle (1966-Mar.1990) Violent insurrection and independence war in South West Africa.

112 Ivory Coast - Guinea: Coup Plot (Mar.1966-Apr.1966) Overthrow plot against Toure’s regime.

113 Ghana - Guinea: Nkrumah Tensions (Oct.1966-Nov.1966) Post-coup tensions.

114 Bolivia: Attempted Revolution (Nov.1966-Jul.1970) Cuban-assisted guerrilla insurgency.

115 Rhodesia: Zimbabwean Independence Struggle (1967-Jan.1980) African nationalism and guerrilla warfare.

116 Guinea - Ivory Coast: Hostage Crisis (Feb.1967-Sept.1967) Regional rivalry.

117 Cuba - Venezuela: Invasion Attempt (Apr.1967-May 1967) Attempted Cuban-assisted communist coup d’etat.

118 Israel - The Arab States: The Six Day War (Jun.1967) Arab-Israeli wars.

119 Nigeria - Biafra: Secession Attempt (Jul.1967-Jan.1970) Ethnic and regional rivalries, the Biafran Civil War.

120 Congo (Zaire) - Rwanda: The Mercanaries Dispute (Aug.1967-Apr.1968) Regional instability.

121 The USSR - Czechoslovakia: The Prague Spring (Aug.1968) Soviet military invasion and the Liberalization movement.

122 Iraq - The Kurds: Suppression Attempt (Oct.1968-Mar.1970) Struggle for autonomy.

123 China - Burma: Border Incidents (Jan.1969-Nov.1969) Tribal conflict.

124 El Salvador - Honduras: The Football War (Jul.1969) Border dispute.

125 Guyana - Surinam: The New River Triangle Dispute (Aug.1969-Nov.1970) Border and sovereignty dispute.

126 North Yemen - Saudi Arabia: Border Conflict (Nov.1969-Jan.1970) Post-civil war tensions.

127 Cambodia (Kampuchea) - South Vietnam/ USA: Vietnam War Occupation (Jan.1970-Apr.1975) US bombing campaign.

128 Mindanao - The Philippines: Muslim Secession Insurgency (Jan.1970-ongoing)

Communal violence and land dispute.

129 PLO - Jordan: Coup Attempt (Feb.1970-Aug.1971) Attempted PLO deposition of King Hussein of Jordan, the Arab-Israeli wars.

130 Guinean-Portugal: The Conakry Raids (Nov.1970) Guerrilla warfare and Guinean security.

131 Iran - Iraq: The Shattal Arab Waterway Dispute (1971) Territorial dispute and border tensions.

132 Uganda - Tanzania: Border Clashes (Jan.1971-Oct.1972) Post-coup tensions.

133 Bangladesh-Pakistan: The Bangladesh War of Independence (Mar.1971-Feb.1974) Secessionist warfare.

134 North Yemen - South Yemen: Border Conflict (Oct.1971-Oct.1972) Anticommunist insurgency.

135 Iran - United Arab Emirates: Tunb Islands Dispute (Nov.1971) Territorial dispute in the Straits of Hormuz.

136 Oman - South Yemen: The Dhofar Rebellion (1972-Aug.1974) Anti-government insurgency.

137 Iran - Iraq: Border War (Jan.1972-Feb.1975) Territorial dispute over the Shatt al Arab Waterway boundary marcation.

138 Syria/PLO - Israel: The Golan Heights Conflict (Mar.1972-Jan.1973) PLO raids and retaliatory air strikes.

139 Equatorial Guinea - Gabon: The Corisco Bay Islands Dispute (Jun.1972-Nov.1972) Territorial dispute.

140 Ethiopia - Somalia: The Second Ogaden War (mid-1972-1985) Somali expansionism and territorial dispute.

141 Iraq - Kuwait: Border Incidents (Mar.1973-Jul.1975) Territorial dispute.

142 Israel - Egypt: The Yom Kippur War (Oct.1973) Arab-Israeli territorial dispute over the Sinai.

143 Israel - Syria: The Yom Kippur War (Oct.1973-Dec.1974) Arab-Israeli territorial dispute over the Golan Heights.

144 South Vietnam - China: The Paracel Islands (Jan.1974) Territorial dispute.

145 The Cyprus Conflict: Invasion and Partition (Jan.1974-Jun.1978) Turkish-Greek communal violence.

146 The Kurds - Iraq: The Kurdish Rebellion (Mar.1974-Jul.1975) Secession attempt.

147 Israel - Lebanon: Arab Infiltrators (Apr.1974-Jul.1975) Cross-border attacks and the Arab-Israeli dispute.

148 Morocco-Mauritania: The Western Saharan Conflict (Oct.1974-ongoing) Saharan nationalism and territorial dispute.

149 Mali - Upper Volta (Burkina Faso): Border Conflict (Dec.1974-Jun.1975) Territorial and resource dispute.

150 Angola - South Africa: Intervention and Civil War (1975-1995) Guerrilla warfare in Namibia.

151 Bangladesh: The Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict (1975-ongoing) Post-independence territorial dispute.

152 North Korea - South Korea: Demilitarized zone and invasion threat (Feb.1975-Jul.1975) Cold war border crisis.

153 The Second Lebanese Civil War (Feb.1975-end of 1992) Internal strife and communal violence.

154 Syria - Iraq: The Euphrates Dispute (Apr.1975-late 1975) Resource dispute.

155 Cambodia (Kampuchea) - The USA: The “Mayaguez” Incident (May 1975) Post-Vietnam War tensions.

156 Laos - Thailand: Border Incidents (Jun.1975-Jan.1976) Post-revolution exodus.

157 China - India: Border Incidents (Oct.1975) McMahon Line territorial dispute.

158 East Timor - Indonesia: Independence Struggle (Oct.1975-ongoing) Self-determination dispute and civil war.

159 Zaire - Angola: Border War (Nov.1975-Feb.1976) Rebel activity.

160 Cambodia (Kampuchea) - Thailand: Border Incidents (Dec.1975-Feb.1976) Refugee influx and regional tensions with the Khmer Rouge regime.

161 The Iranian Civil War and Islamic Revolution (1976-1980) Internal strife and orthodox Muslim backlash.

162 Mozambique - South Africa: Intervention and Civil War (1976-Oct.1992) African nationalism.

163 Uganda - Kenya: Border Incidents (Feb.1976-Aug.1976) Amin provocation’s.

164 Bangladesh - India: Border Incidents (Apr.1976) Post-coup tensions.

165 The Kurds - Iraq: Kurdish Autonomy (May 1976-ongoing) Kurdish separatist insurgency.

166 Chad - Libya: The Aozou Strip Dispute(Jun.1976-Nov.1979) Guerrilla warfare and factional fighting and the Libyan annexation of the Aozou strip.

167 El Salvador - Honduras: Border Incidents (Jul.1976-Oct.1980) Territorial dispute.

168 Thailand - Cambodia (Kampuchea): Khmer Rouge Border Incidents (Nov.1976-Dec.1976) Refugee influx and regional instability.

169 El Salvador: The Salvadorian Civil War (Jan.1977-end of 1992) Civil conflict and guerrilla warfare.

170 Cambodia (Kampuchea) - Thailand: Khmer Rouge Border Incidents (Jan.1977-Oct.1978) Refugee influx and regional instability.

171 Zaire - Angola: The First Invasion of Shaba (Mar.1977-May 1977) Katanga rebel invasion and regional instability.

172 Israel - Lebanon: Border Incidents (mid-1977-late 1977) Christian-Muslim factional fighting and the Arab-Israeli dispute.

173 Ecuador - Peru: Border Incidents (Jun.1977-Jan.1978) Territorial dispute and regional rivalry.

174 Egypt - Libya: Border War (Jul.1977-Sept.1977) Regional tensions.

175 Argentina - Chile: The Beagle Channel Dispute (Jul.1977-Nov.1984) Territorial dispute and regional rivalry.

176 Nicaragua - Costa Rica: Border Incidents (Oct.1977) Regional rivalry.

177 The Second Chad Civil War (Jan.1978-Jun.1982) Internal strife and foreign intervention.

178 Israel - Lebanon/PLO: Border Conflict (Mar.1978-Jun.1978) Israeli invasion of Southern Lebanon and PLO incursions into Israel, and Arab-Israeli tensions.

179 Zaire-Angola: The Second Invasion of Shaba (May 1978) Congolese dissension and regional instability.

180 Nicaragua - Costa Rica: Border Incidents (Sept.1978-Dec.1978) Cross-border raids and regional instability.

181 Tanzania - Uganda: Ouster of the Amin Regime (Oct.1978-May 1979) Cross-border raids and invasion.

182 The USSR - Afghanistan: Intervention and Civil War (1979-ongoing) Civil war and the Soviet invasion.

183 Cambodia (Kampuchea) - Vietnam: The Cambodian Civil War (Jan.1979-ongoing) Border fighting and the Vietnamese invasion.

184 China - Vietnam: Border War (Jan.1979-Jun.1982) Regional rivalry.

185 North Yemen - South Yemen: Border War (Feb.1979-Feb.1980) Post-independence tensions.

186 Pakistan-Afghanistan: The Peshawar Rebellion (Mar.1979-Jul.1979) Pro-monarchist revolt.

187 Morocco-Algeria: Western Sahara Nationalism (Jun.1979-Oct.1979) Border conflict.

188 Israel - Syria: Air Incidents (Jun.1979-Feb.1980) Arab-Israeli tensions.

189 Bangladesh-India: Border Incidents (Nov.1979) Boundary disputes.

190 Iran - The USA: The Hostage Crisis (Nov.1979-Jan.1981) Anti-US sentiment and the Islamic revolution.

191 Cambodia (Kampuchea) - Thailand: Border Conflict (Dec.1979-Oct.1980) Khmer Rouge insurgency.

192 Honduras - Nicaragua: The Contra War (Jan.1980-Feb.1994) Right-wing insurgency.

193 Saudi Arabia - North Yemen: Border Conflict (Feb.1980) Territorial and regional tensions.

194 The Iran-Iraq War (Feb.1980-1989) Regional rivalry and territorial dispute.

195 Espiritu Santo - Vanuatu (The New Hebrides): Secession Attempt (May 1980-Sept.1980) Post-independence fighting.

196 Ecuador - Peru: Border War (Jan.1981-Apr.1981) Territorial dispute.

197 Cameroon - Nigeria: Border Incident (May 1981-Jul.1981) Territorial dispute.

198 Pakistan - India: Border Incidents (Jul.1981-Aug.1982) Regional rivalry and the India-Pakistan wars.

199 Libya - The USA: Air Incidents (Aug.1981) Regional instability.

200 The Poland Crisis: Solidarity, labour turmoil, and the declaration of martial law (Dec.1981-Feb.1982) Cold war tensions and the fear of Soviet invasion.

201 The Ugandan Civil War (Dec.1981-1995) Post-Amin civil war.

202 Israel - Lebanon: The Israeli Military Invasion of Lebanon (early 1982-mid-1983) The Arab-Israeli conflict.

203 Zaire - Zambia: The Lake Mweru Dispute (Feb.1982-Sept.1982) Border dispute.

204 The United Kingdom-Argentina: The Falklands War (Apr.1982-Jun.1982) Sovereignty dispute.

205 Indonesia - PNG: The Irian Jaya Dispute (May 1982-Oct.1984)

Secessionist warfare and border incidents.

206 Libya - Chad: Intervention and Third Chad Civil War (mid-1982-ongoing) Political instability and rebel fighting. 207 Laos - Thailand: Border Incidents (Jun.1982) Territorial dispute.

208 Sri Lanka - The Tamil Conflict (Jul.1982-ongoing) Tamil and Sinhalese communal violence and separatist fighting.

209 Ghana - Togo: Border Incidents (Aug.1982-Oct.1982) Territorial dispute.

210 Guatemala - Mexico: Border Incidents (Sept.1982-Jan.1983) Regional instability and the Guatemalan civil war.

211 South Africa - Lesotho: Anti-ANC Raid (Dec.1982) Guerrilla insurgency fears.

212 The Second Sudan Civil War (Jan.1983-ongoing) Secessionist fighting and civil war.

213 Liberia - Sierra Leone: Doe Regime Tensions (Feb.1983-Mar.1983) Border tensions.

214 China - Vietnam: Border Conflict (Apr.1983) Regional rivalry.

215 Chad - Nigeria: The Lake Chad Conflict (Apr.1983-Jul.1983) Boundary and resource dispute.

216 Israel - Lebanon: The Security Zone (mid-1983-ongoing) Muslim-Christian factional fighting and the Arab-Israeli hostilities.

217 Zaire - Zambia: Border Dispute (Sept.1983-Jan.1984) Deportations and regional tensions.

218 The USA - Grenada: Military Invasion (Oct.1983-Dec.1983) Anticommunist US military invasion.

219 India - Bangladesh: Border Conflict (Dec.1983-Jun.1984) Boundary dispute.

220 Ecuador - Peru: Border Conflict (Jan.1984) Territorial dispute and regional rivalry.

221 Vietnam - China: Border Conflict (Jan.1984-Mar.1987) Regional rivalry.

222 India - Pakistan: The Siachen Glacier Dispute (Apr.1984-Sept.1985) Territorial dispute and the India-Pakistan wars.

223 Burma - Thailand: The Karens guerrilla border conflict (Mar.1984) Karen separatist insurgency and counterinsurgency raids.

224 Turkey - Greece: Naval Incidents (Mar.1984-Jan.1988) Regional rivalry.

225 Guatemala - Mexico: Border Incident (Apr.1984) Regional instability and the Guatemalan civil war.

226 Thailand - Laos: Border War (Jun.1984-Dec.1988) Boundary dispute.

227 The Kurds - Turkey: Secession Struggle (Aug.1984-ongoing) Kurdish separatist insurgency.

228 South Africa - Botswana: Anti-ANC Raids (Oct.1984-May 1986) African nationalism.

229 Zaire: The Third Invasion of Shaba (Nov.1984) Internal dissent.

230 North Korea - South Korea: Border Incidents (Nov.1984) Cold war tensions.

231 Nicaragua - Costa Rica: Border Incidents (May 1985-Jun.1985)

Regional rivalry.

232 Zaire (Congo): The Fourth Invasion of Shaba and the collapse of the Mobutu Regime (Jun.1985) Internal strife.

233 Mali - Burkina Faso: Border War (Dec.1985-Jan.1986) Territorial and resource dispute.

234 India - Pakistan: The Siachin Glacier and Kashmir Conflicts (late 1986-ongoing) Territorial dispute and the India-Pakistan wars.

235 The USA - Libya: Naval Incidents (Jan.1986-Apr.1986) International terrorism fears.

236 India - Bangladesh: The Muhuri River Incidents (Feb.1986-Apr.1986) Boundary dispute.

237 Qatar - Bahrain: The Hawar Islands Dispute (Apr.1986) Sovereignty dispute.

238 Nicaragua - Costa Rica: Border Incidents (Apr.1986) Regional rivalry.

239 Surinam Guerrilla Insurgency (Jul.1986-Dec.1992) Civil unrest and instability.

240 Togo-Ghana: Overthrow Attempt (Sept.1986) Attempted coup and regional rivalry.

241 Zaire - People’s Republic of Congo: Border Incident (Jan.1987) Regional instability.

242 Ethiopia - Somalia: The Third Ogaden War (Feb.1987-Apr.1988) Somali expansionism.

243 South Africa - Zambia: Anti-ANC Raid (Apr.1987) Insurgency fears and African nationalism.

244 The Congo Rebellion (Sept.1987-Jul.1988) Civil unrest and army rebellion.

245 Uganda - Kenya: Border Conflict (Dec.1987) Ugandan civil war and refugee influx.

246 Vietnam - China: The Spratly Islands Dispute (Mar.1988) Sovereignty dispute and regional rivalry.

247 The Somalia Civil War (May 1988-ongoing) Clan-based communal violence.

248 Burundi: The Hutu Conflict (Aug.1988-ongoing) Tribal-based communal violence.

249 Bouganville - Papua New Guinea: Secession Attempt (Oct.1988-ongoing) Separatist insurgency and independence warfare.

250 Maldives Invasion (Nov.1988) Attempted coup.

251 The USA - Libya: Mediterranean Incident (Jan.1989) Rabat chemical plant tensions, naval manoeuvres and air incident.

252 Uganda - Kenya: Border Conflict (Mar.1989) Political turmoil.

253 Georgia - South Ossetia: Abkhazia Secession War (Mar.1989-ongoing) Post-Soviet political instability.

254 Mauritania - Senegal: Border Incidents (Apr.1989-Jan.1990) Ethnic violence.

255 Yugoslavian Civil War: The Balkans War (mid-1989-ongoing) Ethnic religious warfare, Bosnian, Serbian, and Croatian independence.

256 USA - Panama: Anti-Noreiga Invasion (Dec.1989) Anti-Noreiga US military invasion of Panama.

257 The Liberian Civil War (Dec.1989-ongoing) Collapse of the Doe regime and civil conflict.

258 USSR - Lithuania: Independence Crisis (Mar.1990-late 1991) Post-Soviet independence crisis, economic and military confrontation.

259 Guinea-Bissau - Senegal: Border Conflict (Apr.1990-May 1990) Territorial and rebel tensions.

260 Tuareg - Niger: Confrontation and Reprisals (May 1990-Oct.1994) Sahel pastoralist separatism and grievances.

261 Senegal: The Casamamnce Rebellion (mid-1990-ongoing) Secessionist armed insurrection.

262 Kyrgyzstan: Uzbek and Kyrgyzis Ethnic Violence (Jun.1990) Post-Soviet ethnic strife.

263 Tuareg - Mali: The Tuareg Conflict (Jun.1990-ongoing) Sahel pastoralist rebellion and military coup.

264 Iraq-The Coalition Forces: The Gulf War (Aug.1990-May.1991) Territorial dispute and Iraqi expansionism.

265 Azerbaijan - Armenia: Nagorno Karabakh Conflict (Aug.1990-ongoing) Post-Soviet strife, ethnic violence, and independence conflict.

266 Rwandan Invasion (Sept.1990-ongoing) Tribal conflict, genocide, and rebel invasion.

267 Gagauz/ Dnestr - Moldova: Secession Attempt (Oct.1990-Jul.1992) Post-Soviet strife and the Gagauz struggle for autonomy.

268 The USSR - Latvia: Independence Crisis (Jan.1991) Soviet confrontation and military withdrawal.

269 Liberia - Sierra Leone: Intervention and the Sierra Leone Civil War (Mar.1991-ongoing) Intervention and destabilisation.

270 The Djibouti Civil War (Nov.1991-Jul.1993) Ethnic-based violence.

271 Burma (Myanmar) - Bangladesh: Border Incidents (Dec.1991- April 1992) Rohingya Muslim rebellion.

272 Iran - UAE; Egypt: Abu Musa and Tunb Islands Dispute (Apr.1992) Territorial dispute.

273 North Korea - South Korea: Border Incident (May 1992) Historical enmity.

274 The Tadjikistan Conflict (May 1992-ongoing) Post-Soviet strife and ethnic-based civil war.

275 Saudi Arabia - Qatar: Border Incidents (Sept.1992-Oct.1992) Post-Gulf War tensions.

276 Russia-Chechnya: The Caucuses Conflict (Ingush - Northern Ossetia) (Oct.1992-ongoing) Post-Soviet lawlessness and separatist fighting.

277 Egypt - Sudan: The Halaib Dispute (Dec.1992) Territorial and resource dispute.

278 Iraq- The Coalition: No-Fly Zone Incidents (Dec.1992-Jul.1993) Post-Gulf War incidents.

279 Burma (Myanmar) - Bangladesh: Border Incidents (Mar.1993-Sept.1993) Territory and refugee-rebel tensions.

280 Cyprus Incidents (Apr.1993) Ethnic-based tensions between Greek and Turkish Cypriots.

281 Yemen Civil War (Nov.1993-Jul.1994) Unification difficulties and North/South military clashes and political killings.

282 Nigeria - Cameroon: The Diamond and Djabane Islands Dispute (Dec.1993-Mar.1994) Border dispute.

283 Ghana - Togo: Border Incidents (Jan.1994-Feb.1994) Regional rivalry.

284 Greece - Albania: Border Tensions (Apr.1994) Ethnic and territorial conflict.

285 Burma (Myanmar) - Bangladesh: Border Incidents (May 1994-Aug.1994) Territory dispute and refugee tensions.

286 The USA - Haiti: Aristide’s Return From Exile (Sept.1994) US military invasion and sanctions.

287 Iraq - The Coalition: Kuwaiti Border Tensions (Oct.1994) Post-Gulf War border tensions and troop mobilisation crisis.

288 Taiwan - China: Shelling Incident (Nov.1994) Communist-nationalist dispute.

289 Saudi Arabia - Yemen: Border Clash (Dec.1994) Post-Gulf War border conflict and territorial dispute.

290 Ecuador - Peru: Border Conflict (Jan.1995-Mar.1995) Regional rivalry.

291 China - The Philippines: The Paracel and Spratly Islands Incidents (Jan.1995-Feb.1995) Territorial dispute.

292 Taiwan - Vietnam: The Spratlys Clash (Mar.1995) Territorial dispute.

293 Belize - Guatemala: Border Incidents (Aug.1995) Post-independence territorial dispute.

294 Comoros Coup Attempt (Sept.1995-Oct.1995) Post-independnece political instability.

295 Eritrea - Yemen: The Invasion of the Hunish Islands (Nov.1995-ongoing) Post-independence and territorial claims.

APPENDIX B -PARTY IDENTIFICATION

000 No Mediation 2 USA 20 Canada 31 Bahamas 40 Cuba 41 Haiti 42 Dominican Republic 51 Jamaica 52 Trinidad and Tobago 53 Barbados 54 Dominica 55 Grenada 56 St. Lucia 57 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 58 Antigua and Barbuda 60 St. Kitts-Nevis 70 Mexico 80 Belize 90 Guatemala 91 Honduras 92 El Salvador 93 Nicaragua 94 Costa Rica 95 Panama 100 Colombia 101 Venezuela 110 Guyana 115 Surinam 130 Ecuador 135 Peru 140 Brazil 145 Bolivia 150 Paraguay 155 Chile 160 Argentina 165 Uruguay 200 United Kingdom (UK)/Great Britain 205 Ireland 210 Netherlands 211 Belgium 212 Luxembourg 220 France 221 Monaco 223 Liechtenstein 225 Switzerland 230 Spain 232 Andorra 235 Portugal 255 Germany, United 260 Germany, West 265 Germany, East 290 Poland 305 Austria 310 Hungary 315 Czechoslovakia (to 1992) 316 Czech Republic (1993 on) 317 Slovakia 325 Italy 331 San Marino 338 Malta 339 Albania 343 Macedonia 344 Croatia 345 Yugoslavia 346 Bosnia-Herzegovina 349 Slovenia 350 Greece 352 Cyprus 355 Bulgaria 359 Moldova 360 Rumania 365 USSR/Russia 366 Estonia

367 Latvia 368 Lithuania 369 Ukraine 370 Belarus 371 Armenia 372 Georgia 373 Azerbaijan 375 Finland 380 Sweden 385 Norway 390 Denmark 395 Iceland 402 Cape Verde 403 Sao Tome-Principe 404 Guinea-Bissau 411 Equatorial Guinea 420 Gambia 432 Mali 433 Senegal 434 Benin 435 Mauritania 436 Niger 437 Ivory Coast/ Cote d’Ivoire 438 Guinea 439 Burkina-Faso/Upper Volta 450 Liberia 451 Sierra Leone 452 Ghana 461 Togo 471 Cameroon 475 Nigeria 481 Gabon 482 Central African Republic 483 Chad 484 Congo (Brazzaville) 490 Zaire/Belgium Congo (Kinshasa) 500 Uganda 501 Kenya 510 Tanzania 511 Zanzibar 516 Burundi 517 Rwanda 520 Somalia 522 Djibouti 530 Ethiopia 531 Eritrea 540 Angola 541 Mozambique 551 Zambia 552 Zimbabwe/Rhodesia 553 Malawi 560 South Africa 565 Namibia 570 Lesotho 571 Botswana 572 Swaziland 580 Madagasy Republic 581 Comoros 590 Mauritius 591 Seychelles 600 Morocco 615 Algeria 616 Tunisia 620 Libya 625 Sudan 630 Iran 640 Turkey 645 Iraq 651 Egypt 652 Syria 660 Lebanon 663 Jordan 666 Israel 670 Saudi Arabia 678 Yemen, North (Yemen Arab Republic - Sana) 679 Yemen 680 Yemen, South (Yemen People’s Republic) 681 Aden

690 Kuwait 692 Bahrain 694 Qatar 696 United Arab Emirates (UAE) 698 Oman 700 Afghanistan 701 Turkmenistan 702 Tajikistan 703 Kyrgyz Republic 704 Uzbekistan 705 Kazakhstan 710 China (People’s Republic of China) 712 Mongolia 713 Taiwan (Republic of China) 731 Korea, North (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) 732 Korea, South (Republic of Korea) 740 Japan 750 India 760 Bhutan 770 Pakistan 771 Bangladesh 775 Burma/Myanma 780 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 781 Maldive Is. 790 Nepal 800 Thailand 810 Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) 811 Cambodia/Kampuchea 812 Laos 816 Vietnam 816 Vietnam, North (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) 817 Vietnam, South (Republic of Vietnam) 820 Malaysia 830 Singapore 835 Brunei 840 Philippines 850 Indonesia 860 East Timor 900 Australia 910 Papua New Guinea 920 New Zealand 935 Vanuatu 940 Solomon Islands 950 Fiji 983 Marshall Is. 986 Palau 987 Federated States of Micronesia 990 Western Samoa 1105 Patriotic Front (Rhodesian Rebels) 1124 St. Christopher and Nevus 1148 Tibet 1174 African Territories (Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and Mozambique pre-independence) 1177 Hyberdad 1180 Biafra 1181 Sri Lankan Tamils 1182 Katanga Rebels 1183 Ugandan Rebels 1184 El Salvador Rebels 1185 Communists - China 1186 Communists - Greece 1187 Lebanese Muslim Factions and Allies 1188 Lebanese Christian Factions and Allies 1190 Costa Rica National Liberation Army 1191 Bouganville Separatists 1192 Palestinian Guerrilla Organizations 1193 Malaysian Chinese Communists (Malaysian People's Anti-Japanese Army) 1194 Chad Muslim Rebel Factions and Allies 1195 Chad Christian Factions, Government and Allies 1196 Liberation Army, Guatemala 1197 Kurdish Separatist Groups (Iraq) 1198 Levant (Syria-Lebanon) 1199 Bolivian Communists/National Liberation Army 1200 Cuban Invasion Force 1201 Mercanaries from Guinea-Bissau (Portugese Guinea) 1202 Iranian Moselms 1222 Colombian Guerillas (ELN, ELP, FARL, M-19, MAO ,PLA, ORP) 1203 Northern Ireland (IRA and other Sectarian Groups) 1204 Liberian Rebels

1206 Castro and Cuban Rebels 1207 Namibean Rebels 1208 Sudanese Rebels (Sudanese People's Liberation Army-SPLA) 1209 Somali Rebels 1211 Gagaur/Dnestr 1213 South Ossetia/ Abkhazia 1214 Djibouti Rebels (FRUD) 1215 Tuaregs (Mali) 1216 Zairan Rebels 1219 Tadjik Rebels 1221 Maldive Rebles 1226 Hutu Ethnic Group 1227 Togolese Movement for Democracy (MTD) 1228 Boschneger Rebel Group (MTD) 1229 Turkish Kurds 1230 Jalal Talabaui, PUK leader (Other Kurdish Organization) 1231 Mindanao Muslim Rebels (Moro National Liberation Front MNLF) 1232 Burmese Insurgents 1233 Ingush 1234 Northern Ossetia 1235 Irian Jaya 1236 Santo Secessionists 1237 Congo Rebels 1239 Rwandan Rebels (FPR) 1240 Chittagong Tribal Insurgents (Bangladesh) 1241 Solidarity and other Polish Opposition 1242 Comoros Coup Plotters 1243 Casamance Separatists (MFDC)

State or Region Actors

681 Aden 700 Afghanistan 1174 African Territories (Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and Mozambique pre-independence) 339 Albania 615 Algeria 323 Andorra 540 Angola 58 Antigua and Barbuda 160 Argentina 371 Armenia 900 Australia 305 Austria 373 Azerbaijan 31 Bahamas 692 Bahrain 771 Bangladesh 53 Barbados 370 Belarus 211 Belgium 80 Belize 434 Benin 760 Bhutan 1180 Biafra 145 Bolivia 346 Bosnia-Herzegovina 571 Botswana 140 Brazil 835 Brunei 355 Bulgaria 439 Burkina-Faso/Upper Volta 775 Burma/Myanma 516 Burundi 811 Cambodia/Kampuchea 471 Cameroon 20 Canada 402 Cape Verde 482 Central African Republic 483 Chad 155 Chile 710 China (People’s Republic of China) 100 Colombia 581 Comoros 484 Congo (Brazzaville) 94 Costa Rica 344 Croatia 40 Cuba 352 Cyprus 316 Czech Republic (1993 on) 315 Czechoslovakia (to 1992) 390 Denmark 522 Djibouti 54 Dominica 42 Dominican Republic 860 East Timor 130 Ecuador 651 Egypt 92 El Salvador 411 Equatorial Guinea 531 Eritrea 366 Estonia 530 Ethiopia 987 Federated States of Micronesia 950 Fiji 375 Finland 220 France 481 Gabon 1211 Gagaur/Dnestr 420 Gambia 372 Georgia 265 Germany, East 255 Germany, United 260 Germany, West 452 Ghana 350 Greece

55 Grenada 90 Guatemala 438 Guinea 404 Guinea-Bissau 110 Guyana 41 Haiti 91 Honduras 310 Hungary 1177 Hyberdad 395 Iceland 750 India 810 Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) 850 Indonesia 1233 Ingush 630 Iran 645 Iraq 205 Ireland 1235 Irian Jaya 666 Israel 325 Italy 437 Ivory Coast/ Cote d’Ivoire 51 Jamaica 740 Japan 663 Jordan 705 Kazakhstan 501 Kenya 731 Korea, North (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) 732 Korea, South (Republic of Korea) 690 Kuwait 703 Kyrgyz Republic 812 Laos 367 Latvia 660 Lebanon 570 Lesotho 1198 Levant (Syria-Lebanon) 450 Liberia 620 Libya 223 Liechtenstein 368 Lithuania 212 Luxembourg 343 Macedonia 580 Madagasy Republic 553 Malawi 820 Malaysia 781 Maldive Is. 432 Mali 338 Malta 983 Marshall Is. 435 Mauritania 590 Mauritius 70 Mexico 359 Moldova 221 Monaco 712 Mongolia 600 Morocco 541 Mozambique 565 Namibia 790 Nepal 210 Netherlands 920 New Zealand 93 Nicaragua 436 Niger 475 Nigeria 1234 Northern Ossetia 385 Norway 698 Oman 770 Pakistan 986 Palau 95 Panama 910 Papua New Guinea 150 Paraguay 135 Peru 840 Philippines 290 Poland 235 Portugal 694 Qatar 360 Rumania 517 Rwanda

331 San Marino 403 Sao Tome-Principe 670 Saudi Arabia 433 Senegal 591 Seychelles 451 Sierra Leone 830 Singapore 317 Slovakia 349 Slovenia 940 Solomon Islands 520 Somalia 560 South Africa 1213 South Ossetia/ Abkhazia 230 Spain 780 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 1124 St. Christopher and Nevus 60 St. Kitts-Nevis 56 St. Lucia 57 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 625 Sudan 115 Surinam 572 Swaziland 380 Sweden 225 Switzerland 652 Syria 713 Taiwan (Republic of China) 702 Tajikistan 510 Tanzania 800 Thailand 1148 Tibet 461 Togo 52 Trinidad and Tobago 1215 Tuaregs (Mali) 616 Tunisia 640 Turkey 701 Turkmenistan 500 Uganda 369 Ukraine 696 United Arab Emirates (UAE) 200 United Kingdom (UK)/Great Britain 165 Uruguay 2 USA 365 USSR/Russia 704 Uzbekistan 935 Vanuatu 101 Venezuela 816 Vietnam 816 Vietnam, North (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) 817 Vietnam, South (Republic of Vietnam) 990 Western Samoa 679 Yemen 678 Yemen, North (Yemen Arab Republic - Sana) 680 Yemen, South (Yemen People’s Republic) 345 Yugoslavia 490 Zaire/Belgium Congo (Kinshasa) 551 Zambia 511 Zanzibar 552 Zimbabwe/Rhodesia

Non-state Actors

1199 Bolivian Communists/National Liberation Army 1228 Boschneger Rebel Group (MTD) 1191 Bouganville Separatists 1232 Burmese Insurgents 1243 Casamance Separatists (MFDC) 1206 Castro and Cuban Rebels 1195 Chad Christian Factions, Government and Allies 1194 Chad Muslim Rebel Factions and Allies 1240 Chittagong Tribal Insurgents (Bangladesh) 1222 Colombian Guerillas (ELN, ELP, FARL, M-19, MAO ,PLA, ORP) 1185 Communists - China 1186 Communists - Greece 1242 Comoros Coup Plotters 1237 Congo Rebels 1190 Costa Rica National Liberation Army

1200 Cuban Invasion Force 1214 Djibouti Rebels (FRUD) 1184 El Salvador Rebels 1226 Hutu Ethnic Group 1202 Iranian Moselms 1230 Jalal Talabaui, PUK leader (Other Kurdish Organization) 1182 Katanga Rebels 1197 Kurdish Separatist Groups (Iraq) 1188 Lebanese Christian Factions and Allies 1187 Lebanese Muslim Factions and Allies 1196 Liberation Army, Guatemala 1204 Liberian Rebels 1193 Malaysian Chinese Communists (Malaysian People's Anti-Japanese Army) 1221 Maldive Rebles 1201 Mercanaries from Guinea-Bissau (Portugese Guinea) 1231 Mindanao Muslim Rebels (Moro National Liberation Front MNLF) 1207 Namibean Rebels 1203 Northern Ireland (IRA and other Sectarian Groups) 1192 Palestinian Guerrilla Organizations 1105 Patriotic Front (Rhodesian Rebels) 1239 Rwandan Rebels (FPR) 1236 Santo Secessionists 1241 Solidarity and other Polish Opposition 1209 Somali Rebels 1181 Sri Lankan Tamils 1208 Sudanese Rebels (Sudanese People's Liberation Army-SPLA) 1219 Tadjik Rebels 1227 Togolese Movement for Democracy (MTD) 1229 Turkish Kurds 1183 Ugandan Rebels 1216 Zairan Rebels

APPENDIX C - POWER

This measure of the power of a disputing party is a modified version of the Cox-Jacobson Scale1. The power index score for a nation is calculated by adding its scores on the following measures. All currency-based measures are in US dollars at current prices. Since the purpose of the modified scale was to compare states at a particular point in time, it was felt unnecessary to convert figures to constant prices, as was done in the original.

GNP MILITARY SPENDING

Score $Billion Score $ Million 1 0-0.9 1 0-9 2 1-3 2 10-50 3 4-6 3 51-100 4 7-9 4 101-250 5 10-19 5 251-500 6 20-29 6 501-750 7 30-39 7 751-1,000 8 40-59 8 1,001-5,000 9 60-99 9 5,001-10,000 10 100-199 10 10,001-25,000 11 200-499 11 25,001-50,000 12 500+ 12 50,000+

GNP per CAPITA TERRITORY

Score $ Score Km2 1 0-199 0 0-50,000 2 200-599 1 50,001-200,000 3 600-999 2 200,001-500,000 4 1,000-4,999 3 500,001-900,000 5 5,000-10,000 4 900,001-2,500,000 6 10,000+ 5 2,500,001+

POPULATION

Score Millions 0 0-1.9 1 2-19 2 20-59 3 60-99 4 100-249 5 250+

Cox-Jacobson Scale Ratings for State Size

Actor 1945-55 1956-61 1962-72 1973-80 1981-95

United States Super Super Super Super Super USSR Super Super Super Super Super China Large Large Large Large Large France Large Large Large Large Large Germany (West) Middle Large Large Large Large United Kingdom Large Large Large Large Large Japan Middle Middle Large Large Large India Middle Large Large Large Large Italy Middle Middle Large Large Large Canada Middle Middle Large Large Large Sweden Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Switzerland Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Argentine Small Middle Middle Middle Middle Australia Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Brazil Middle Middle Middle Middle Large South Africa Small Middle Middle Middle Middle Belgium Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Demark Small Small Middle Middle Middle Indonesia Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Netherlands Small Middle Middle Middle Middle Poland Small Small Middle Middle Middle Spain Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Austria Small Small Middle Middle Middle Cuba Small Small Middle Middle Middle Germany (East) Small Small Middle Middle Middle Israel Small Small Middle Middle Middle Mexico Small Middle Middle Middle Middle Norway Small Middle Middle Middle Middle Pakistan Small Small Middle Middle Middle UAR (Egypt) Small Small Middle Middle Middle Yugoslavia Small Small Middle Middle Middle Czechoslovakia Small Small Small Small Small Finland Small Small Small Small Small New Zealand Small Small Small Small Small Philippines Small Small Small Small Small Turkey Small Small Small Small Small Venezuela Small Small Small Small Small Nigeria Small Small Small Small Middle Luxembourg Small Small Small Small Small All Others Micro Micro Micro Micro Micro

Cox, R.W and Jacobson, K.J., The Anatomy of Influence, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973, pp437-443.

APPENDIX D - HOMOGENEITY

The internal homogeneity of each each of the disputing parties is to be measured on the basis of religion, language, and race, with the index of homogenity an average of the three scores. Each measure is coded according to the following criteria:

Score Criteria

1 Homogeneous - No single significant majority (10% or more of the population) or significant combination of smaller minorities (15% or more of the population).

2 Having a single significant minority (10-25% of the population) or a signficant combination of smaller minorities (15-25% of the population).

3 Having a majority population (51% or more) but also having a large single minority or group of minorities (26-49% of the population)

4 No majority group, but only one very large minority/plurality population (>30% of population and >10% more of population than any other single group).

5 Greater fragmentation - More than one very large minority or several smaller minorities, but no majority or plurality population

APPENDIX E - DOMESTIC POLITICAL BEHAVIOUR

This is coded according to two seven-point scales developed by the Freedom House Survey Team1. The domestic political behaviour (or human rights record) of each state can be given a rating with respect to both ‘political rights’ and ‘civil liberties’. On each scale, 1 represents the most free and 7 the least free. The following is our slightly modified version of the Freedom House coding criteria2.

POLITICAL RIGHTS

Score Criteria

1 -Free and fair elections; those elected rule -Competitive parties or other political groupings -The opposition has an important role and power -Self determination or high degree of autonomy -Self determination for minority groups, or minority participation in government through informal consensus -Decentralised political power and free subnational elections

2 -Still free, but elements such as violence, political discrimination against minorities and foreign or military influence on politics may be present.

3, 4, 5 -As well as the elements noted in category 2, polities in these three categories have increasing levels of: -military involvement in politics -lingering royal power -unfair elections and one-party dominance -civil war And decreasing levels of: -freedom to organise non-governmental parties and political groups -reasonably free referenda or other significant means of popular influence on government

6 -Repressive polity -Military junta, one-party dictatorship, religious hierarchy, or autocracy -Only minimal political rights, such as competitive local elections (This category can include traditional monarchies which mitigate their lack of political rights through toleration of political discussion and acceptance of petitions from the ruled)

7 -Political rights are absent or virtually nonexistent -Extremely oppressive regime

CIVIL LIBERTIES

Score Criteria

1 -Freedom of expression, assembly, demonstration, religion, and association -The individual is protected from political violence and harms inflicted by the courts and security forces -Free economic activity -Equality of opportunity -Government free of corruption

2 -Minor deficiencies in some aspects of civil liberties, eg: some human rights abuses in the courts, or some press censorship

3, 4, 5 -Polities in these categories have increasing levels of: -state oppression -censorship -prevention of free association -racial, religious, or sexual inequalities -State and anti-state political terror -And decreasing levels of : -personal freedom -freedom of expression, movement, and association

6 -Little religious freedom -Few personal social freedoms -Restricted private business activity -Restricted expression and association -Political prisoners and other political terror

7 -Virtually no freedom -Society shaped by an overwhelming and justified fear of a repressive state

Dispute Code and Case Name Phase Type Phase Dates

001 The Chinese Civil War (1945-1949). crisis 1943- hostilities 1945- crisis-post hostilities 01/1949-1950

002 The Greek Civil War (1945-1950). hostilities 1944- crisis-post hostilities 01/1945- hostilities 09/1945- crisis-post hostilities 09/1979-12/1951

003 India-Britain: Independence and Partition (1945-1948). crisis 1942- hostilities 1946- crisis-post hostilities 10/1948-1949

004 France - Levant: Independence Crisis (1945-Dec.1946). crisis 17/05/1645- hostilities 29/05/1945- crisis-post hostilities 08/1945- settlement 09/1946-

005 The USSR - Iran: Azerbaijan Crisis (Aug.1945-Oct.1947). crisis 1941- hostilities 08/1945- crisis-post hostilities 12/1945- hostilities 12/1946- crisis-post hostilities end 12/1946- dispute-post hostilities 10/1947-1956

006 The Netherlands-The Dutch East Indies: crisis 1942- Indonesian Independence (late 1945-Nov.1949). hostilities 08/1945- crisis-post hostilities 10/07/1948- dispute-post hostilities 01/1949-12/1949

007 France - Indochina: Independence Struggle (Dec.1945-Jul.1954). hostilities 12/1945- crisis-post hostilities 07/05/1954- dispute-post hostilities 07/1954-

008 Yugoslavia - The USA: Air Incidents (Aug.1946). dispute 1945- crisis 01/1946- hostilities 09/08/1946-1947

009 Madagascar-France: Nationalist Rebellion (Mar.1947-Aug.1947). dispute 1945- hostilities 29/03/1947- crisis-post hostilities 12/1947- dispute-post hostilities 12/1948-1960

010 Pakistan - India: The First Kashmir War (Oct.1947-Jan.1949). crisis 08/1947 hostilities 10/1947- crisis-post hostilities 31/12/1948-

011 The Costa Rican Civil War (Mar.1948-Apr.1948). dispute 1942- crisis 1947- hostilities 11/03/1948- crisis-post hostilities 21/04/48-24/04/1948

012 The Israeli War of Independence (May 1948-Jan.1949). dispute 1930- crisis 11/1947- hostilities 05/1948- crisis-post hostilities 02/1949-

013 The USSR - The Western Allies: The Berlin Airlift Crisis crisis 06/1948-04/1949 (Jun.1948-May 1949).

014 The Malayan Emergency (Jun.1948-Jul.1960). crisis 01/1948- hostilities 06/1948- crisis-post hostilities mid 1956- dispute-post hostilities 1968-

015 India - Hyderabad: Secession Attempt (Jul.1948-Sept.1948). dispute 1947- crisis 07/1948- hostilities 11/08/1948- crisis-post hostilities 24/09/1948-1949

016 Burma: The Kuomintang Conflict (Aug.1948-1954). hostilities 08/1948-late1953-54

017 Nicaragua-Costa Rica: Border Conflict (Dec.1948-Feb.1949). crisis 03/1948- hostilities 10/12/1948- crisis-post hostilities 21/02/1949-

018 Burma: Civil War and Insurgency (Jan.1949-ongoing). crisis 10/1947- hostilities 01/1949-

019 Eritrea - Ethiopia: Independence Attempt (Jul.1949-Dec.1950). crisis 1945- hostilities 07/1949- crisis-post hostilities 07/1950- dispute-post hostilities 12/1950-1962

020 Afghanistan-Pakistan: Border Conflict (Aug.1949). crisis 06/1949- hostilities 08/1949- crisis-post hostilities 1950-12/1956

022 The USA - The USSR: Air Incidents (Apr.1950-Oct.1950). dispute 1948- crisis 09/04/1950- 08/10/1950

023 Afghanistan - Pakistan: The Pathan Conflict (Jun.1950-Oct.1950). hostilities 06/1950- crisis-post hostilities 10/1950-

024 The Korean War (Jun.1950-Jul.1953). crisis mid 1949- hostilities 24/06/1950- crisis-post-hostilities 27/07/1953-

025 China - Tibet: The Tibetian Autonomy Dispute crisis 1949- (Oct.1950-May 1951). hostilities 07/10/1950- crisis-post hostilities 05/1951- dispute-post hostilities 1965-

026 Syria - Israel: The Lake Tiberias Dispute (Apr.1951-May 1951). crisis 1949- hostilities 03/1951- crisis-post hostilities 09/05/1951-

027 Saudi Arabia-Oman: The Buraimi Crisis (1952-Oct.1955). dispute 1949- crisis 08/1952- hostilities 10/1955- dispute-post hostilities 11/1955-1975

028 Tunisian Independence (Jan.1952-Mar.1956). dispute 1934- crisis 1945- hostilities 01/1952- crisis-post hostilities 12/1954- dispute-post hostilities 08/1955-mid 1956

029 Egypt - The UK: The Suez Canal Zone Dispute crisis 1951- (Jan.1952-June.1956). hostilities 06/05/1953- crisis-post hostilities 08/07/1954- dispute-post hostilities 13/06/1956-

030 Yugoslavia-Italy: The Trieste Dispute (Mar.1952-Oct.1954). dispute 1945- crisis 08/1953- hostilities 04/11/1953- crisis-post hostilities 13/11/1953- settlement 16/10/1954

031 China - Portugal: The Macao Conflict (Jul.1952-Aug.1952). crisis 1949- hostilities 25/07/1952- crisis-post hostilities 30/07/1952-08/1952

032 Argentina - Chile: The Beagle Channel Dispute (Jul.1952-1968). crisis 07/1952- hostilities 07/1952- crisis-post hostilities 1959- dispute-post hostilities 1970’s-

033 Kenya - United Kingdom: The Mau Mau Revolt dispute 1945- (Aug.1952-Dec.1963). hostilities 08/1952- crisis-post hostilities 1956- dispute-post hostilities 1960-1963

034 The USSR - The USA: Air Incidents (Oct.1952-Jul.1956). dispute 1945- crisis 02/1952- settlement 07/1956-

035 Israel - Jordan: The West Bank Border Conflict crisis 1949- (Jan.1953-Dec.1954). hostilities 01/1953- crisis-post hostilities 12/1954-

036 China - The USA/Taiwan: The Quemoy Confrontation dispute 1949- (Apr.1954-Apr.1955). crisis 04/1954- hostilities 03/09/1954- crisis-post hostilities end 01/1955-

037 The Guatemalan Civil War and Insurgency (Jun.1954-ongoing). crisis 06/1954- hostilities 13/11/1960-

038 Algerian Independence (Nov.1954-Mar.1962). dispute 1947- crisis early 1954- hostilities 31/10/1954- crisis-post hostilities 19/03/1962- settlement 19/04/1962- 01/07/1962

039 Nicaragua - Costa Rica: Invasion Attempt (Jan.1955). crisis 1948- hostilities 11/01/1955- crisis-post hostilities 16/02/1955- 24/02/1955

040 Turkey - Syria: Border Incidents (Mar.1955-Nov.1957). dispute 1945- hostilities 03/1955-11/1957

041 Cyprus-The United Kingdom: The Enosis Movement dispute 1945- (Sept.1955-Feb.1959). crisis 1952- hostilities 04/1955- crisis-post hostilities 03/1959- dispute-post hostilities 09/1960-1963

042 Syria - Israel: The Lake Tiberias Dispute (Oct.1955-Dec.1955). crisis 1955- hostilities 10/1955- crisis-post hostilities 12/1955-

043 Yemen - The United Kingdom: The Aden Conflict (1956-1960). crisis 1948- hostilities 1956- crisis-post hostilities 01/1959-1960

044 China - Tibet: Incorporation Struggle (Mar.1956-Sept.1965). crisis 03/1956- hostilities 05/1956- dispute-post hostilities 1965-

045 Taiwan - South Vietnam: The Paracel Islands Dispute dispute ? (Jun.1956-Aug.1956). crisis 06/1956- dispute 08/1956-

046 Israel - Jordan: The Mt Scopus Conflict (Jul.1956-Jan.1958). dispute 1949- crisis 1954- hostilities 24/07/1956- crisis-post hostilities 06/1958-

047 The Suez War (Oct.1956-Nov.1956). dispute 1953- crisis 07/1956- hostilities 29/10/1956- crisis-post hostilities 07/11/1956- settlement 12/1956-1957

048 The USSR - Hungary: The Hungarian Uprising of 1956 dispute 1955- (Oct.1956-Dec.1956). crisis 1956- hostilities 10/1956- crisis-post hostilities 14/11/1956-

049 The Cuban Civil War (Dec.1956-Jan.1959). dispute 03/1954- crisis 05/1955- hostilities 11/1956- crisis-post hostilities 0801/1959-

050 Nicaragua-Honduras: The Mocoran Seizure (Apr.1957-June.1957). dispute 1906- crisis 1947- hostilities 18/04/1957- crisis-post hostilities 05/05/1957- dispute-post hostilities 06/1957- settlement 11/1960-1961

051 Israel - Syria: The Golan Heights Conflict (Jun.1957-Feb.1958). crisis 1956- hostilities 07/1957- crisis-post hostilities 1958-

052 Morocco-Spain: The Sahara Conflict (Nov.1957-Apr.1958). crisis 1956- hostilities 11/1957- crisis-post hostilities 04/1958-

053 The Panama Revolutionaries Conflict (1958-May 1959). crisis 1958- hostilities 04/1959- dispute-post hostilities 02/05/1959-11/59

054 Egypt - Sudan: Border Dispute (Feb.1958). dispute 1956- crisis 09/02/1958- dispute-post hostilities end 02/1958-

055 France - Tunisia: The Military Bases Conflict (Feb.1958-May 1958). crisis 1956- hostilities 08/02/1958- crisis-post hostilities 13/02/1958- hostilities 05/1958- crisis-post hostilities 06/1958-

056 India - Pakistan: The Surma River Incidents (Mar.1958-Sept.1959). dispute 1947- crisis 03/1958- hostilities 06/1958- crisis-post hostilities 26/08/1958- dispute-post hostilities 02/1960-

057 The First Lebanese Civil War (May 1958-Jun.1959). dispute 1943- crisis 13/06/1957- hostilities 08/05/1958- crisis-post hostilities end 09/1958- dispute-post hostilities 14/10/1958- settlement 19/11/1958-

058 China - The USA/Taiwan: The Quemoy Islands Bombardment crisis 07/1958- (Jul.1958-Dec.1958). hostilities 23/08/1958- crisis-post hostilities 12/1958-1960

059 Cambodia - Siam (Thailand): Border Conflict (Nov.1958-Feb.1959). crisis 11/1958-02/1959

060 The First Laotian Civil War (Dec.1958-1962). dispute 1957- crisis 1958- hostilities early 1959-- crisis-post hostilities 06/1962- dispute-post hostilities late 1962-

061 France - Tunisia: Algerian Border Incidents (Feb.1959-Aug.1959). crisis 1958- hostilities 02/1959- crisis-post hostilities 09/1959-

062 Syria - Iraq: The Mosul Revolt (Mar.1959-Apr.1959). crisis 1958- hostilities 03/1959-04/1959

063 Cuba - The Dominican Republic: The Exiles Conflict crisis 02/1956- (Jun.1959-Jul.1959). hostilities 06/1959- crisis-post hostilities 01/1962-1965

064 China - Nepal: Border Dispute (Jun.1959-Jul.1960). crisis early 1959- hostilities 22/04/1959- crisis-post hostilities 22/03/1960- settlement 06/10/1961-

065 Cuba - Haiti: The Haitan Exiles Conflict (Aug.1959). crisis 02/1959- hostilities 15/08/1959- crisis-post hostilities 31/08/1959- dispute-post hostilities 1960-

066 China - India: The McMahon Line Boundary Dispute dispute 1949- (Aug.1959-Feb.1960). crisis 1951- hostilities 25/08/1959- crisis-post hostilities 02/1960- dispute-post hostilities 10/1961-

067 The Congo Conflict (Jul.1960-mid-1964). dispute 30/06/1960- crisis 05/04/1960- hostilities 08/1960- crisis-post hostilities 01/1963- dispute-post hostilities 02/1963-end 1964

068 Afghanistan-Pakistan: The Pathan Conflict (Sept.1960-May 1963). dispute 03/1960- crisis 09/1960- hostilities 03/1961- crisis-post hostilities 30/05/1963- dispute-post hostilities 20/07/1963-

069 North-South Vietnam: The Vietcong Terrorist Campaign dispute 1954- (Dec.1960-May 1975). crisis 1957- hostilities 12/1960- dispute-post hostilities 05/1975-02/1976

070 The African Territories - Portugal: Independence Struggle dispute 1951- (1961-Jul.1975). crisis 1956- hostilities 02/1961- crisis-post hostilities 25/04/1974- dispute-post hostilities 27/07/1974- settlement 1975-11/1975

071 The Kurds - Iraq: Secession Attempt (Mar.1961-June.1966). dispute 1947- crisis 1958- hostilities 03/1961- crisis-post hostilities 11/03/1970-

072 The USA - Cuba: The Bay of Pigs (Apr.1961-May 1961). dispute 01/01/1959- crisis 03/1960- hostilities 15/04/1961- dispute-post hostilities 20/04/1961-1962

073 Iraq - Kuwait: The Kuwaiti Independence Crisis dispute 19/06/1961- (Jun.1961-Feb.1962). crisis 26/06/1961- settlement 1963-

074 The USSR - The USA: The Berlin Wall (Jul.1961-Nov.1961). dispute 06/1960- crisis 07/1961-11/1961

075 Tunisia-France: The Bizerte Conflict (Jul.1961-Sept.1961). dispute 1958- crisis 01/1961- hostilities 19/07/1961- crisis-post hostilities 22/07/1961- settlement 31/08/1962-1963

076 India - Portugal: The Goa Conflict (Dec.1961). crisis 1957- hostilities 18/12/1961- dispute-post hostilities early 1962- settlement 30/12/1974

077 Indonesia - Malaysia: The Borneo Conflict (1962-Nov.1965). dispute 1961- crisis 01/1963- hostilities 04/1963- crisis-post hostilities 10/1965- dispute-post hostilities 06/1966- settlement 08/1966-

078 Indonesia-The Netherlands: West Irian (Irian Jaya) Administration dispute 1949- Dispute (Jan.1962-Aug.1962). hostilities 01/1962- crisis-post hostilities 08/1962- dispute-post hostilities 15/08/1962-07/1969

079 China - Taiwan: Invasion Threat (Mar.1962-Dec.1962). dispute 1958- crisis 03/1962- dispute 12/1962-

080 Nepal - India: Border Incidents (Apr.1962-Nov.1962). crisis 1960- hostilities 04/1962- crisis-post hostilities 11/1962-04/1963

081 Syria - Israel: The Lake Tiberias Dispute (Jun.1962-Aug.1963). crisis 1958- hostilities 02/1962- crisis-post hostilities 18/03/1963-

082 The USA - The USSR: The Cuban Missile Crisis dispute early 1962- (Sept.1962-Nov.1962). crisis 22/10/1962- settlement 29/10/1962-1963

083 North Yemen: The Royalist Rebellion (Sept.1962-Oct.1967). hostilities 26/09/1962- crisis-post hostilities 10/1964- dispute-post hostilities 10/1967-

084 India - China: Border War (Oct.1962-Nov.1962). crisis early 1962- hostilities 10/1962- crisis-post hostilities 12/1962- dispute-post hostilities 04/1976-

085 Somalia - Kenya/ Ethiopia: Somali Expansionism dispute 1960- (Nov.1962-Sept.1967). hostilities 1962- crisis-post hostilities 03/1964- hostilities mid 1965- dispute-post hostilities late 1967-

086 China - USSR: The Ussuri River Conflict (Mar.1963-Sept.1969). dispute 1960- hostilities 03/1963- crisis-post hostilities late 1969- dispute-post hostilities end 1970-

087 The First Sudan Civil War (Sept.1963-Mar.1972). dispute 1955- crisis 1962- hostilities 09/1963- dispute-post hostilities 12/03/1972-1973

088 Algeria - Morocco: The Tindouf War (Oct.1963-Feb.1964). dispute 1956- crisis 1962- hostilities 10/1963- crisis-post hostilities 04/11/1963- dispute-post hostilities 02/1964-1966

089 The Cypriot Civil War (Dec.1963-Nov.1967). dispute 1960- crisis 30/11/1963- hostilities 12/1963- crisis-post hostilities 10/1964- hostilities 11/1967- crisis-post hostilities 12/1967-1974

090 Somalia - Ethiopia: The First Ogaden War (Jan.1964-Mar.1964). dispute 1960- crisis 11/1963- hostilities 01/1964- crisis-post hostilities 04/1964-

091 Panama -The USA: The Flag Riots (Jan.1964-Apr.1964). dispute 1959- crisis 1963- hostilities 09/01/1964- crisis-post hostilities 03/04/1964-1970

092 Rwanda - Burundi: The Hutu-Tutsi Ethnic Conflict crisis 10/1961- (Jan.1964-Jan.1965). hostilities 25/11/1963- crisis-post hostilities 15/02/1964-1966

093 France - Gabon: Aubaume's Coup (Feb.1964). dispute 02/1963- crisis early 1964-- hostilities 17/02/1964- crisis-post hostilities 03/1964-

094 South Vietnam - Cambodia: Border Conflict (Mar.1964-Dec.1964). crisis 1960- hostilities 03/1964-12/1964

095 North Vietnam - Laos: The Second Laotian Civil War crisis 1962- (Apr.1964-May 1975). hostilities 04/1964- dispute-post hostilities 08/1975-1977

096 Syria - Israel: Border Incidents (Jun.1964-Jul.1966). crisis 1958- hostilities 06/1964- crisis-post hostilities 07/1966-1967

097 North Vietnam - The USA: The Vietnam War (Aug.1964-May 1975). crisis 1961- hostilities early 1962- dispute-post hostilities 30/04/1975-02/1976

098 Israel - Jordan: Border Incidents (Dec.1964-Apr.1966). crisis 1958- hostilities 12/1964- crisis-post hostilities 04/1966-1967

099 India - Pakistan: Border Skirmishes (1965-1970). crisis 1947- hostilities 1965- crisis-post hostilities 1970-

100 Eritrea - Ethiopia: War of Secession (1965-May 1993). crisis 1962- hostilities 1965- crisis-post hostilities 05/1991-

101 Irian Jaya - Indonesia: Secession Insurgency (1965-ongoing). crisis 1962- hostilities 1965-

102 Colombian Guerrilla Insurgency (1965-ongoing). crisis 1964- hostilities 1965-

103 Ghana - Togo: Border Incidents (Jan.1965-May 1965). dispute 1963- crisis 06/1964- hostilities 01/1965- crisis-post hostilities 05/1965-1966

104 Uganda - Congo (Zaire): Border Incidents (Feb.1965-Mar.1965). crisis mid 1964- hostilities 02/1965- dispute-post hostilities 03/1965-

105 The USA - The Dominican Republic: The Constitutionalist dispute 1962- Rebellion (Apr.1965-Sept.1966). crisis 09/1963- hostilities 24/04/1965- crisis-post hostilities 06/1965- settlement 06/1966-

106 North Korea - South Korea: Border Incidents dispute 1953- (mid-1965-Mar.1968). crisis mid 1965- hostilities 10/1965- crisis-post hostilities 03/1968- dispute-post hostilities 09/1971-

107 India - Pakistan: The Second Kashmir War (Aug.1965-Sept.1965). hostilities 05/08/1965- crisis-post hostilities 23/09/1965-1970

108 China - India: McMahon Line Border Incidents (Sept.1965). crisis 1962- hostilities 09/1965- crisis-post hostilities 10/1965-

109 Lebanon - Israel: The Houla Raids (Oct.1965). crisis early 1960’s- hostilities 29/10/1965- crisis-post hostilities 11/1965-

110 Chad - Sudan: The First Chad Civil War (Nov.1965-1972). crisis early 1965- hostilities 11/1965- crisis-post hostilities 05/1970-late 1972

111 Namibian Independence Struggle (1966-Mar.1990). dispute 1946- crisis 06/1966- hostilities 1973- crisis-post hostilities 23/11/1989- settlement 1990-

112 Ivory Coast - Guinea: Coup Plot (Mar.1966-Apr.1966). crisis 03/1966-04/1966

113 Ghana - Guinea: Nkrumah Tensions (Oct.1966-Nov.1966). crisis 30/10/1966- 05/11/1966

114 Bolivia: Attempted Revolution (Nov.1966-Jul.1970). crisis 10/1966- hostilities 06/1967-- crisis-post hostilities 02/1968-1970

115 Rhodesia: Zimbabwean Independence Struggle (1967-Jan.1980). crisis 11/1965- hostilities 1967- crisis-post hostilities 05/12/1979- 01/1980

116 Guinea - Ivory Coast: Hostage Crisis (Feb.1967-Sept.1967). dispute 1965- crisis 19/02/1967- settlement 10/04/1967-1967

117 Cuba - Venezuela: Invasion Attempt (Apr.1967-May 1967). crisis early 1967- hostilities 04/1967- crisis-post hostilities 05/1967-

118 Israel - The Arab States: The Six Day War (Jun.1967). crisis 05/1967- hostilities 05/06/1967- crisis-post hostilities 10/06/1967-1967

119 Nigeria - Biafra: Secession Attempt (Jul.1967-Jan.1970). dispute 01/1966- crisis 05/1967- hostilities 06/07/1967- settlement 15/01/1970-1970

120 Congo (Zaire) - Rwanda: The Mercanaries Dispute dispute 05/1967- (Aug.1967-Apr.1968). crisis 08/1967- hostilities 10/1967- crisis-post hostilities end/1967- settlement 24/04/1968-end 1968

121 The USSR - Czechoslovakia: The Prague Spring (Aug.1968). dispute 01/1968- crisis 07/1968- hostilities 20/08/1968- crisis-post hostilities 28/08/1968- dispute-post hostilities 11/1968-1969

122 Iraq - The Kurds: Suppression Attempt (Oct.1968-Mar.1970). crisis 1966- hostilities 1968- crisis-post hostilities 01/1970- dispute-post hostilities 03/1970-1974

123 China - Burma: Border Incidents (Jan.1969-Nov.1969). dispute 1960- hostilities 01/1969- crisis-post hostilities 11/1969-

124 El Salvador - Honduras: The Football War (Jul.1969). dispute 04/1969- crisis 27/06/1969- hostilities 03/07/1969- crisis-post hostilities 30/07/1969-1976

125 Guyana - Surinam: The New River Triangle Dispute dispute 1966- (Aug.1969-Nov.1970). crisis 08/1969- dispute 11/1970-

126 North Yemen - Saudi Arabia: Border Conflict (Nov.1969-Jan.1970). hostilities 11/1969-01/1970

127 Cambodia (Kampuchea) - South Vietnam/ USA: Vietnam War dispute 10/03/1970- Occupation (Jan.1970-Apr.1975). crisis 20/03/1970- hostilities 04/1970- crisis-post hostilities 16/04/1975-1977

128 Mindanao - The Philippines: Muslim Secession Insurgency crisis 01 1970- (Jan.1970-ongoing). hostilities 03/1970-

129 PLO - Jordan: Coup Attempt (Feb.1970-Aug.1971). crisis 01/1970- hostilities 02/1970- crisis-post hostilities 09/1970-1973

130 Guinean-Portugal: The Conakry Raids (Nov.1970). dispute 1963- crisis 16/11/1970- hostilities 22/11/1970- crisis-post hostilities 28/11/1970- dispute-post hostilities 30/05/1972-1978

131 Iran - Iraq: The Shattal Arab Waterway Dispute (1971). dispute 1970- crisis 1971

132 Uganda - Tanzania: Border Clashes (Jan.1971-Oct.1972). crisis 01/1971- hostilities 08/1971- crisis-post hostilities 10/1972-

133 Bangladesh-Pakistan: The Bangladesh War of Independence dispute 1969- (Mar.1971-Feb.1974). crisis 1970- hostilities 25/03/1971- crisis-post hostilities 18/12/1971- dispute-post hostilities 20/12/1972- settlement 02/1974

134 North Yemen - South Yemen: Border Conflict (Oct.1971-Oct.1972). crisis 1969- hostilities 10/1971- crisis-post hostilities 19/10/1972-

135 Iran - United Arab Emirates: Tunb Islands Dispute (Nov.1971). hostilities 11/1971

136 Oman - South Yemen: The Dhofar Rebellion (1972-Aug.1974). dispute 1970- crisis 02/1972- hostilities 05/1972- crisis-post hostilities 01/1975

137 Iran - Iraq: Border War (Jan.1972-Feb.1975). crisis 1971- hostilities 01/1972- crisis-post hostilities 02/1975- dispute-post hostilities 03/1975

138 Syria/PLO - Israel: The Golan Heights Conflict crisis 1967- (Mar.1972-Jan.1973). hostilities 03/1972- crisis-post hostilities 01/1973-

139 Equatorial Guinea - Gabon: The Corisco Bay Islands Dispute dispute early 1972- (Jun.1972-Nov.1972). hostilities 08/09/1972- crisis-post hostilities 13/11/1972-1974

140 Ethiopia - Somalia: The Second Ogaden War (mid-1972-1985). crisis mid 1972- hostilities 25/05/1977- crisis-post hostilities early 1979- hostilities 27/05/1980- crisis-post hostilities 1985—

141 Iraq - Kuwait: Border Incidents (Mar.1973-Jul.1975). crisis 12/1972- hostilities 20/03/1973- crisis-post hostilities 08/06/1973-1975

142 Israel - Egypt: The Yom Kippur War (Oct.1973). crisis early 1973- hostilities 06/10/1973- crisis-post hostilities 11/11/1973- 03/1979

143 Israel - Syria: The Yom Kippur War (Oct.1973-Dec.1974). crisis early 1973- hostilities 06/10/1973- crisis-post hostilities 11/11/1973-end 1974

144 South Vietnam - China: The Paracel Islands (Jan.1974). dispute 1945- crisis 01/1974- hostilities mid 01/1974- 02/1974

145 The Cyprus Conflict: Invasion and Partition (Jan.1974-Jun.1978). crisis 1966- hostilities 15/07/1974- crisis-post hostilities 14/08/1974-

146 The Kurds - Iraq: The Kurdish Rebellion (Mar.1974-Jul.1975). crisis 1970- hostilities 12/03/1974- crisis-post hostilities 13/03/1975-1976

147 Israel - Lebanon: Arab Infiltrators (Apr.1974-Jul.1975). crisis 1971- hostilities 04/1974-07/1975

148 Morocco-Mauritania: The Western Saharan Conflict crisis 10/1974- (Oct.1974-ongoing). hostilities 01/1975-

149 Mali - Upper Volta (Burkina Faso): Border Conflict dispute 1961- (Dec.1974-Jun.1975). hostilities 12/1974- crisis-post hostilities 06/1975-

150 Angola - South Africa: Intervention and Civil War (1975-1995). crisis 1974- hostilities 31/01/1975- crisis-post hostilities 22/08/1988- hostilities 1992- crisis-post hostilities 03/1995-

151 Bangladesh: The Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict (1975-ongoing). crisis 1974- hostilities 1975-

152 North Korea - South Korea: dispute 1972- Demilitarized zone and invasion threat (Feb.1975-Jul.1975). crisis 02/1975- dispute 07/1975-

153 The Second Lebanese Civil War (Feb.1975-end of 1992). crisis 02/1972- hostilities 04/1975- crisis-post hostilities end 1992-

154 Syria - Iraq: The Euphrates Dispute (Apr.1975-late 1975). dispute 07/04/1975- crisis 06/1975- dispute 10/1975- settlement 1978

155 Cambodia (Kampuchea) - The USA: The “Mayaguez” Incident hostilities 12/05/1975- (May 1975). dispute-post hostilities 16/05/1975-end 1975

156 Laos - Thailand: Border Incidents (Jun.1975-Jan.1976). crisis 05/1975- hostilities 06/1975- crisis-post hostilities 02/1976-

157 China - India: Border Incidents (Oct.1975). crisis 1965- hostilities 20/10/1975- crisis-post hostilities 28/10/1975-

158 East Timor - Indonesia: Independence Struggle dispute 04/1974- (Oct.1975-ongoing). crisis 01/1975- hostilities 10/1975- crisis-post hostilities 12/1988-

159 Zaire - Angola: Border War (Nov.1975-Feb.1976). hostilities 11/1975-end 02/1976

160 Cambodia (Kampuchea) - Thailand: Border Incidents crisis 05/1975- (Dec.1975-Feb.1976). hostilities 12/1975- crisis-post hostilities 03/1976-

161 The Iranian Civil War and Islamic Revolution (1976-1980). crisis 03/1975- hostilities 10/1977- crisis-post hostilities 11/02/1979-1980

162 Mozambique - South Africa: Intervention and Civil War crisis 1975- (1976-Oct.1992). hostilities 1976- crisis-post hostilities end 1992-1994

163 Uganda - Kenya: Border Incidents (Feb.1976-Aug.1976). dispute 1971- crisis 02/1976- 07/08/1976

164 Bangladesh - India: Border Incidents (Apr.1976). crisis 1975- hostilities 04/1976

165 The Kurds - Iraq: Kurdish Autonomy (May 1976-ongoing). crisis 02/1976- hostilities 09/1977-

166 Chad - Libya: The Aozou Strip Dispute(Jun.1976-Nov.1979). crisis 06/1976- hostilities 09/1976-- crisis-post hostilities early 1978- hostilities 06/1978- crisis-post hostilities late 1979-

167 El Salvador - Honduras: Border Incidents (Jul.1976-Oct.1980). crisis 1969- hostilities 14/07/1976- crisis-post hostilities 06/10/1976- dispute-post hostilities 1979- settlement 30/10/1980

168 Thailand - Cambodia (Kampuchea): crisis 1975- Khmer Rouge Border Incidents (Nov.1976-Dec.1976). hostilities 22/11/1976- crisis-post hostilities 12/1976-

169 El Salvador: The Salvadorian Civil War (Jan.1977-end of 1992). crisis 1975- hostilities 02/1976- crisis-post hostilities late 1992

170 Cambodia (Kampuchea) - Thailand: crisis 1975- Khmer Rouge Border Incidents (Jan.1977-Oct.1978). hostilities 30/01/1977- crisis-post hostilities 02/02/1978-1979

171 Zaire - Angola: The First Invasion of Shaba (Mar.1977-May 1977). crisis 1976- hostilities 07/03/1977- crisis-post hostilities 06/1977- dispute-post hostilities 1978-

172 Israel - Lebanon: Border Incidents (mid-1977-late 1977). crisis 1976- hostilities 10/1977- crisis-post hostilities late 1977-

173 Ecuador - Peru: Border Incidents (Jun.1977-Jan.1978). crisis 1976- hostilities 06/1977- crisis-post hostilities 30/01/1978-1981

174 Egypt - Libya: Border War (Jul.1977-Sept.1977). crisis 1973- hostilities 12/07/1977- crisis-post hostilities 24/07/1977- settlement 10/1977-

175 Argentina - Chile: The Beagle Channel Dispute dispute 1968- (Jul.1977-Nov.1984). hostilities 07/1977-11/1984

176 Nicaragua - Costa Rica: Border Incidents (Oct.1977). crisis 1977- hostilities 14/10/1977- crisis-post hostilities 16/10/1972-

177 The Second Chad Civil War (Jan.1978-Jun.1982). crisis 1960- hostilities 28/01/1978- crisis-post hostilities 09/1979- hostilities 03/1980- crisis-post hostilities 19/06/1982-

178 Israel - Lebanon/PLO: Border Conflict (Mar.1978-Jun.1978). crisis early 1978- hostilities 14/03/1978- crisis-post hostilities 1980-1982

179 Zaire-Angola: The Second Invasion of Shaba (May 1978). crisis early 1978- hostilities 11/05/1978-

crisis-post hostilities 07/1978-1979

180 Nicaragua - Costa Rica: Border Incidents (Sept.1978-Dec.1978). crisis 1974- hostilities 12/09/1978- crisis-post hostilities 27/12/1978-

181 Tanzania - Uganda: Ouster of the Amin Regime crisis 1971- (Oct.1978-May 1979). hostilities 27/10/1978- crisis-post hostilities 13/04/1979-1981

182 The USSR - Afghanistan: Intervention and Civil War crisis 04/1978- (1979-ongoing). hostilities 1979-

183 Cambodia (Kampuchea) - Vietnam: The Cambodian Civil War crisis 1975- (Jan.1979-ongoing). hostilities 25/12/1978- crisis-post hostilities 02/1979- hostilities 03/1979-

184 China - Vietnam: Border War (Jan.1979-Jun.1982). crisis 1978- hostilities 08/1979- crisis-post hostilities 01/1982-

185 North Yemen - South Yemen: Border War (Feb.1979-Feb.1980). crisis 1970- hostilities 02/1976- crisis-post hostilities 03/1979- dispute-post hostilities 02/1980- settlement 03/1988-1990

186 Pakistan-Afghanistan: The Peshawar Rebellion crisis 1973- (Mar.1979-Jul.1979). hostilities 03/1979- crisis-post hostilities 07/1979-

187 Morocco-Algeria: Western Sahara Nationalism crisis 1974- (Jun.1979-Oct.1979). hostilities 06/1979- crisis-post hostilities 10/1979

188 Israel - Syria: Air Incidents (Jun.1979-Feb.1980). crisis 1974- hostilities 27/06/1979- crisis-post hostilities 08/02/1980-

189 Bangladesh-India: Border Incidents (Nov.1979). crisis 1975- hostilities 11/1979- crisis-post hostilities 12/1979-11/1980

190 Iran - The USA: The Hostage Crisis (Nov.1979-Jan.1981). dispute 02/1979- crisis 22/10/1979- hostilities 04/11/1979- dispute-post hostilities 20/01/1981-

191 Cambodia (Kampuchea) - Thailand: Border Conflict crisis 01/1979- (Dec.1979-Oct.1980). hostilities 12/1979- crisis-post hostilities 08/1980-

192 Honduras - Nicaragua: The Contra War (Jan.1980-Feb.1994). crisis 1979- hostilities early 1981-- crisis-post hostilities end 1992- hostilities early 1993- crisis-post hostilities mid 1993- dispute-post hostilities 1994-

193 Saudi Arabia - North Yemen: Border Conflict (Feb.1980). dispute 1979- crisis 02/1980

194 The Iran-Iraq War (Feb.1980-1989). dispute 06/1975- crisis 02/1979- hostilities 02/1980- crisis-post hostilities end 1989-

195 Espiritu Santo - Vanuatu (The New Hebrides): Secession Attempt dispute 11/1974- (May 1980-Sept.1980). crisis 29/06/1977- hostilities 14/11/1979- crisis-post hostilities 27/09/1980- settlement 01/1981-1982

196 Ecuador - Peru: Border War (Jan.1981-Apr.1981). crisis 1978- hostilities 28/01/1981- crisis-post hostilities 02/02/1981- hostilities late 02/1981- crisis-post hostilities 02/1981- dispute-post hostilities 02/04/1981-

197 Cameroon - Nigeria: Border Incident (May 1981-Jul.1981). crisis early 1981- hostilities 15/05/1981- crisis-post hostilities 20/07/1981- dispute-post hostilities 08/1981-1982

198 Pakistan - India: Border Incidents (Jul.1981-Aug.1982). crisis 1980- hostilities 07/1981- crisis-post hostilities end 1981-08/1982

199 Libya - The USA: Air Incidents (Aug.1981). dispute 1973- crisis 02/1980- hostilities 19/08/1981- crisis-post hostilities 09/1981-

200 The Poland Crisis: Solidarity, labour turmoil, and the declaration dispute 1979- of martial law (Dec.1981-Feb.1982). crisis 07/1980- hostilities 13/12/1981- crisis-post hostilities 12/29/1982- dispute-post hostilities 1983-

201 The Ugandan Civil War (Dec.1981-1995). crisis 1979- hostilities 12/1981-1995

202 Israel - Lebanon: The Israeli Military Invasion of Lebanon crisis 04/1982- (early 1982-mid-1983). hostilities 06/06/1982- crisis-post hostilities 10/1982-

203 Zaire - Zambia: The Lake Mweru Dispute (Feb.1982-Sept.1982). crisis 1979- hostilities 28/02/1982- crisis-post hostilities early 03/1982- 10/1982

204 The United Kingdom-Argentina: The Falklands War dispute 1965- (Apr.1982-Jun.1982). crisis 12/1973- hostilities 02/04/1982- crisis-post hostilities 17/06/1982- dispute-post hostilities 10/12/1983-

205 Indonesia - PNG: The Irian Jaya Dispute (May 1982-Oct.1984). dispute 1965- crisis 05/1982- dispute 10/1984-

206 Libya - Chad: Intervention and Third Chad Civil War crisis 06/1982- (mid-1982-ongoing). hostilities mid 1982-

207 Laos - Thailand: Border Incidents (Jun.1982). crisis early 1982- hostilities 16/06/1982 crisis-post hostilities 23/06/1982-

208 Sri Lanka - The Tamil Conflict (Jul.1982-ongoing). dispute 1948- crisis 07/1982- hostilities 07/1983-

209 Ghana - Togo: Border Incidents (Aug.1982-Oct.1982). dispute 1965- hostilities 08/1982- crisis-post hostilities 10/1982-

210 Guatemala - Mexico: Border Incidents (Sept.1982-Jan.1983). crisis early 1982- hostilities 09/1982- crisis-post hostilities 01/1983-

211 South Africa - Lesotho: Anti-ANC Raid (Dec.1982). crisis mid 1982- hostilities 09/12/1982- crisis-post hostilities 04/1983-

212 The Second Sudan Civil War (Jan.1983-ongoing). dispute 1980- crisis 03/1981- hostilities 01/1983-

213 Liberia - Sierra Leone: Doe Regime Tensions dispute 1980- (Feb.1983-Mar.1983). crisis 22/02/1983-mid 03/1983

214 China - Vietnam: Border Conflict (Apr.1983). crisis 1982- hostilities 04/1983- crisis-post hostilities 05/1983-

215 Chad - Nigeria: The Lake Chad Conflict (Apr.1983-Jul.1983). crisis early 1980’s- hostilities 04/1983- dispute-post hostilities 11/1983-early 1984-

216 Israel - Lebanon: The Security Zone (mid-1983-ongoing). hostilities mid 1983-

217 Zaire - Zambia: Border Dispute (Sept.1983-Jan.1984). crisis 06/1983- dispute 01/1984- crisis 07/1984-1986

218 The USA - Grenada: Military Invasion (Oct.1983-Dec.1983). crisis early 1983- hostilities 14/10/1983- crisis-post hostilities 11/09/1983- dispute-post hostilities end 1983-

219 India - Bangladesh: Border Conflict (Dec.1983-Jun.1984). crisis 1980- hostilities 12/1983- crisis-post hostilities 01/1984-

220 Ecuador - Peru: Border Conflict (Jan.1984). crisis 1981- hostilities 15/01/1984- crisis-post hostilities late 01/1984

221 Vietnam - China: Border Conflict (Jan.1984-Mar.1987). crisis late 1983- hostilities 01/1984- crisis-post hostilities 03/1987-

222 India - Pakistan: The Siachen Glacier Dispute dispute 1947- (Apr.1984-Sept.1985). hostilities early 1984-- crisis-post hostilities 09/1985-

223 Burma - Thailand: The Karens guerrilla border conflict (Mar.1984). crisis 1979- hostilities 03/1984- crisis-post hostilities 04/1984-

224 Turkey - Greece: Naval Incidents (Mar.1984-Jan.1988). crisis 03/1984-02/1988

225 Guatemala - Mexico: Border Incident (Apr.1984). crisis 1983- hostilities 30/04/1984- crisis-post hostilities 05/1984-

226 Thailand - Laos: Border War (Jun.1984-Dec.1988). crisis early 1984- hostilities 06/1984- crisis-post hostilities 02/1988- dispute-post hostilities 12/1988-01/1989

227 The Kurds - Turkey: Secession Struggle (Aug.1984-ongoing). crisis 1946- hostilities 08/1984-

228 South Africa - Botswana: Anti-ANC Raids (Oct.1984-May 1986). crisis 10/1984- hostilities 14/06/1985- crisis-post hostilities late 06/1985- hostilities 05/1986- crisis-post hostilities 06/1986-

229 Zaire: The Third Invasion of Shaba (Nov.1984). crisis 1978- hostilities 13/11/1984- crisis-post hostilities 15/11/1984-

230 North Korea - South Korea: Border Incidents (Nov.1984). crisis 1975- hostilities 23/11/1984- crisis-post hostilities 24/11/1984-

231 Nicaragua - Costa Rica: Border Incidents (May 1985-Jun.1985). crisis early 1985- hostilities 05/1985- crisis-post hostilities 06/1985-

232 Zaire (Congo): The Fourth Invasion of Shaba and the collapse of crisis 11/1984- the Mobutu Regime (Jun.1985). hostilities 16/06/1985- crisis-post hostilities 18/06/1985-

233 Mali - Burkina Faso: Border War (Dec.1985-Jan.1986). crisis 1985- hostilities 25/12/1985- settlement 31/12/1985- 12/1986

234 India - Pakistan: The Siachin Glacier and Kashmir Conflicts dispute 1985- (late 1986-ongoing). crisis late 1986- hostilities 12/1986-

235 The USA - Libya: Naval Incidents (Jan.1986-Apr.1986). crisis 11/1985- hostilities 24/03/1986- crisis-post hostilities end 04/1986-

236 India - Bangladesh: The Muhuri River Incidents crisis 1984- (Feb.1986-Apr.1986). hostilities 02/1986- crisis-post hostilities end 04/1986—

237 Qatar - Bahrain: The Hawar Islands Dispute (Apr.1986). dispute 1970’s- crisis late 1985- hostilities 26/04/1986- crisis-post hostilities 28/04/1986- dispute-post hostilities 07/1986-

238 Nicaragua - Costa Rica: Border Incidents (Apr.1986). crisis 1985- hostilities 16/04/1986- crisis-post hostilities end 04/1986-

239 Surinam Guerrilla Insurgency (Jul.1986-Dec.1992). dispute 1975- hostilities 07/1986- crisis-post hostilities 05/1992- dispute-post hostilities 12/1992-

240 Togo-Ghana: Overthrow Attempt (Sept.1986). crisis early 1982- hostilities 23/09/1986- crisis-post hostilities end 09/1986-

241 Zaire - People’s Republic of Congo: Border Incident (Jan.1987). crisis early 1987- hostilities mid 01/1987- crisis-post hostilities end 01/1987- 04/1987

242 Ethiopia - Somalia: The Third Ogaden War (Feb.1987-Apr.1988). crisis 1985- hostilities 12/02/1987- crisis-post hostilities 04/1988

243 South Africa - Zambia: Anti-ANC Raid (Apr.1987). crisis 1980’s- hostilities 25/04/1987- crisis-post hostilities 05/1987-

244 The Congo Rebellion (Sept.1987-Jul.1988). crisis 1960’s- hostilities early 09/1987- crisis-post hostilities 04/07/1988-

245 Uganda - Kenya: Border Conflict (Dec.1987). crisis 11/1987- hostilities 14/12/1987- crisis-post hostilities 17/ 12/1987- dispute-post hostilities end 12/1987-

246 Vietnam - China: The Spratly Islands Dispute (Mar.1988). crisis 1975- hostilities 03/1988- crisis-post hostilities 04/1988-

247 The Somalia Civil War (May 1988-ongoing). crisis early 1980’s- hostilities 05/1988-

248 Burundi: The Hutu Conflict (Aug.1988-ongoing). crisis 1972- hostilities 09/1988-

249 Bouganville - Papua New Guinea: Secession Attempt dispute 1975- (Oct.1988-ongoing). hostilities 10/1988-

250 Maldives Invasion (Nov.1988). hostilities 03/11/1988- crisis-post hostilities 05/11/1988- 11/1989

251 The USA - Libya: Mediterranean Incident (Jan.1989). dispute 1986- crisis 04/01/1989-mid 01/1989

252 Uganda - Kenya: Border Conflict (Mar.1989). crisis 1987- hostilities 02/03/1989- crisis-post hostilities 04/1989-

253 Georgia - South Ossetia: Abkhazia Secession War hostilities 03/1989- (Mar.1989-ongoing).

254 Mauritania - Senegal: Border Incidents (Apr.1989-Jan.1990). crisis 09/04/1989- hostilities mid 04/1989- crisis-post hostilities early 05/1989- hostilities 01/1990- crisis-post hostilities end 1990-

255 Yugoslavian Civil War: The Balkans War (mid-1989-ongoing). crisis early 1989- hostilities mid 1989-

256 USA - Panama: Anti-Noreiga Invasion (Dec.1989). dispute 1987- crisis 05/1989- hostilities 20/12/1989- crisis-post hostilities 03/01/1990- dispute-post hostilities 02/1990-1992

257 The Liberian Civil War (Dec.1989-ongoing). crisis 1985- hostilities 12/1989- crisis-post hostilities 12/1994- hostilities 04/1995- crisis-post hostilities end 09/1995-

258 USSR - Lithuania: Independence Crisis (Mar.1990-late 1991). crisis 03/1990- hostilities 01/1991- crisis-post hostilities end 1991-

259 Guinea-Bissau - Senegal: Border Conflict (Apr.1990-May 1990). crisis 1989- hostilities 04/1990- crisis-post hostilities 05/1990-

260 Tuareg - Niger: Confrontation and Reprisals (May 1990-Oct.1994). dispute 1974?- hostilities 05/1990- crisis-post hostilities 05/1992- hostilities 09/1992- crisis-post hostilities early 10/1994- settlement late 1995-

261 Senegal: The Casamamnce Rebellion (mid-1990-ongoing). dispute 1982- crisis 1983- hostilities mid 1990-

262 Kyrgyzstan: Uzbek and Kyrgyzis Ethnic Violence (Jun.1990). crisis 1989- hostilities 04/06/1990- crisis-post hostilities 07/1990-

263 Tuareg - Mali: The Tuareg Conflict (Jun.1990-ongoing). crisis early 1990- hostilities 06/1990- crisis-post hostilities 01/1991- hostilities 03/1991- crisis-post hostilities 01/1992- hostilities 05/1992-

264 Iraq-The Coalition Forces: The Gulf War (Aug.1990-May.1991). dispute 1962- hostilities early 08/1990- crisis-post hostilities end 08/1990- hostilities 16/01/1991- crisis-post hostilities 03/03/1991- dispute-post hostilities 05/1991-

265 Azerbaijan - Armenia: Nagorno Karabakh Conflict crisis 1989- (Aug.1990-ongoing). hostilities 08/1990-

266 Rwandan Invasion (Sept.1990-ongoing). crisis 1973- hostilities 30/09/1990-

267 Gagauz/ Dnestr - Moldova: Secession Attempt crisis 1989- (Oct.1990-Jul.1992). hostilities 10/1990- crisis-post hostilities end 12/1990- hostilities 09/1991- crisis-post hostilities end 07/1992-

268 The USSR - Latvia: Independence Crisis (Jan.1991). crisis 1989- hostilities 01/1991

269 Liberia - Sierra Leone: Intervention and the Sierra Leone Civil War crisis 1989- (Mar.1991-ongoing). hostilities 03/1991-

270 The Djibouti Civil War (Nov.1991-Jul.1993). hostilities 11/1991- crisis-post hostilities end 02/1992- hostilities mid 06/1992- crisis-post hostilities 07/1993- dispute -post hostilities end 1994-

271 Burma (Myanmar) - Bangladesh: Border Incidents hostilities 12/1991- (Dec.1991- April 1992). crisis-post hostilities 01/1992-

272 Iran - UAE; Egypt: Abu Musa and Tunb Islands Dispute crisis 1971- (Apr.1992). hostilities 04/1992- crisis-post hostilities 05/1992-

273 North Korea - South Korea: Border Incident (May 1992). crisis 1984- hostilities 05/1992- crisis-post hostilities 06/1992-

274 The Tadjikistan Conflict (May 1992-ongoing). crisis 09/1991- hostilities 05/1992-

275 Saudi Arabia - Qatar: Border Incidents (Sept.1992-Oct.1992). dispute 1991- crisis early 1992- hostilities 30/09/1992- crisis-post hostilities 11/1992-

276 Russia-Chechnya: The Caucuses Conflict crisis 1991- (Ingush - Northern Ossetia) hostilities 10/1992- (Oct.1992-ongoing).

277 Egypt - Sudan: The Halaib Dispute (Dec.1992). crisis 1991- hostilities 12/1992- crisis-post hostilities 06/1993-

278 Iraq- The Coalition: No-Fly Zone Incidents (Dec.1992-Jul.1993). crisis 1991- hostilities 12/1992- crisis-post hostilities 08/1993-

279 Burma (Myanmar) - Bangladesh: Border Incidents crisis 1992- (Mar.1993-Sept.1993). hostilities 21/03/1993- crisis-post hostilities 04/1993- hostilities 09/1993- crisis-post hostilities 09/1993-

280 Cyprus Incidents (Apr.1993). crisis 04/1993

281 Yemen Civil War (Nov.1993-Jul.1994). crisis 11/1993- hostilities 01/1994- crisis-post hostilities 03/1994- hostilities late 04/1994- crisis-post hostilities 07/1994-

282 Nigeria - Cameroon: The Diamond and Djabane Islands Dispute dispute 1961?- (Dec.1993-Mar.1994). hostilities 30/12/1993- crisis-post hostilities 03/02/1994-

283 Ghana - Togo: Border Incidents (Jan.1994-Feb.1994). crisis 1986- hostilities 01/1994- crisis-post hostilities 03/1994-

284 Greece - Albania: Border Tensions (Apr.1994). dispute ? hostilities 10/04/1994- crisis-post hostilities end 04/1994-

285 Burma (Myanmar) - Bangladesh: Border Incidents crisis 1991- (May 1994-Aug.1994). hostilities 05/1994- crisis-post hostilities 08/1994-

286 The USA - Haiti: Aristide’s Return From Exile (Sept.1994). dispute 1991- hostilities 19/09/1994- crisis-post hostilities 10/1994-

287 Iraq - The Coalition: Kuwaiti Border Tensions (Oct.1994). crisis 10/1994- dispute 1995-

288 Taiwan - China: Shelling Incident (Nov.1994). crisis 11/1994

289 Saudi Arabia - Yemen: Border Clash (Dec.1994). crisis 12/1994-01/1995

290 Ecuador - Peru: Border Conflict (Jan.1995-Mar.1995). dispute 1977- crisis 1984- hostilities early 01/1995- crisis-post hostilities 04/1995-

291 China - The Philippines: The Paracel and Spratly Islands crisis 1988- Incidents hostilities 01/1995- (Jan.1995-Feb.1995). crisis-post hostilities 02/1995-

292 Taiwan - Vietnam: The Spratlys Clash (Mar.1995). crisis 03/1995-04/1995

293 Belize - Guatemala: Border Incidents (Aug.1995). dispute 1981- crisis 08/1995

294 Comoros Coup Attempt (Sept.1995-Oct.1995). crisis 1975- hostilities 09/1995- crisis-post hostilities 10/1995

295 Eritrea - Yemen: The Invasion of the Hunish Islands dispute 1993- (Nov.1995-ongoing). hostilities 11/1995- dispute-post hostilities 12/1995-

APPENDIX F - THIRD PARTY IDENTITY (Numerical)

00 No mediation 01 Christian, General, CinC, NEI 02 Kerr, Sir A Clarke, British Special Ambassador in Batavia 03 Killearn, Lord, Special Commissioner of the British Govt for South East Asia 04 Britain (unspecified) 05 U.S. (unspecified) 06 UN GOC 07 UN Security Council 08 UN CIP (Kashmir Commission) 09 MacNaughton, General (Canada) Chairman, Security Council 10 Dixon, Sir Owen (Australia) Judge of Australian High Court 11 Commonwealth Prime Ministers 12 Graham, Dr Frank P. (US) UN mediator 13 Jarring, Gunnar, President Security Council 14 Black, Eugene (President, World Bank) 15 Rostow, Walt W. 16 Abdullah, Shaik, Leader of Kashmir Moslem Conference 17 Bernadotte, Count, UN mediator in Palestine 18 Bunche, Dr R., UN mediator 19 Jessup, P.C., US Ambassador-at-Large 20 Shah of Iran 21 Hassan, Prince M., M. Balafrej, Moroccan Foreign Minister 22 Morocco/Tunisia (unspecified) 23 Ismay, Lord, Sec-General, NATO 24 Spaak, M., Sec-General, NATO 25 USA/USSR (unspecified) 26 Saudi Arabia (unspecified) 27 Lebanon (unspecified) 28 Italy (unspecified) 29 Murphy, Robert, deputy Under-Secretary of State (US), Harold Beeley, superintending Under-Secretary of State (UK) 30 Mendres, Prime Minister of Turkey 31 Hammerskjold, Dr. Dag, Sec-General UN 32 Bunker, Ellsworth (US) ex-diplomat 33 Arab League Commission of mediation/conciliation 34 Hasounah, Sec-General Arab League 35 Selassie, Hailie (Ethiopia) 36 Selassie, Hailie (Ethiopia); President Keita (Mali) 37 Algeria/Morocco arbitration commission 38 Nasser, President (Egypt) 39 Bandaranaike, PM of Ceylon 40 Kennedy, President J.F. (US) 41 Hussein, King (Jordan) 42 Kuwaiti Crown Prince; Prime Minister Sheikh Sabah al Salu al Sebah 43 Amir of Kuwait 45 Maurer, Ion, PM of Rumania 46 Sandys, Duncan, Commonwealth Relations and Colonial Secretary 48 USA/UK (unspecified) 49 Tuomioja, Sakari (Finland) Ambassador to Sweden; UN mediator 50 Acheson, Dean (US) Secretary of State 51 Plaza, Dr. G. (Ecuador) Former President; UN mediator 52 Rolz-Bennett, Senor Jose (Guatemala); UN mediator 53 Thant, U, UN Sec-General 54 Waldheim, Dr. Kurt (UN Sec-Gen) 55 OAU Foreign Ministers 56 Kheir, Ahmed (Sudan) Foreign Minister 57 OAU Heads of State 58 Roussin, Michel (French Minister of Co-operation) 59 Kosygin, Alexander, Soviet Foreign Minister 60 Seaboin, Blair (Canada) rep on ICC 61 La Pira, Professor G.; Dr M. Pimicerio (Italy), Professors at the University of Milan 62 Moore, Victor (Canada) senior rep on ICC 63 Lewandowski (Poland) rep on ICC 64 Brown, George (UK) Foreign Secretary 65 Pope Paul 66 Freeman, John; Sir Morrice James (UK) High Commissioners in India and Pakistan 67 Indo/Pakistani Western Boundary Case Tribunal 68 Wilson, Mr. Harold (UK) P.M. 69 Martin, Paul (Canada) external affairs Minister 70 Tito (Yugoslavia); Nasser (Egypt) 71 Goldberg, Arthur (US) rep at UN 72 Bull, General Odd, Chief of Staff UN Truce Supervision Orgn. 73 Sisco, Joseph J. (US) Ass Sec of State 74 Rogers, William (US) Sec of State 75 Bergus, Donald (US) rep in Egypt; Michael Steiner (US) head of Egyptian section of State Dept 76 OAU fact finding mission; Pres Senghor (Senegal); Pres. Ahidijo (Cameroon); Pres Mobutu (Zaire); General Gowan (Nigeria)

77 OAS team; Alberto Fuertes Mohr (Guatemala) foreign minister; Fernando Lara (Costa Rica) foreign minister; Lorenzo Guererro (Nicaragua) foreign minister 78 OAS team; Dr Sevilla Sacasa (Nicaragua) rep on Permanent Council OAS; reps of Argentina, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Equador, Guatemala, US 79 OAS (unspecified) 80 Minnoz, Senor Luis Weckman (Mexico) Ambassador in Bonn; UN mediator 81 OPEC (unspecified) 82 Ghalib, Omar Arteh (Somalia) foreign minister 83 Barreh, Siyad (Somalia) President 84 Ekangaki, OAU Sec General 85 al-Yafi, Dr Salim, ass sec-general Arab League; reps of Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Syria, Kuwait 86 Arab League (unspecified) 87 Gaddafi, Mummar (Libya) 88 Conference of Foreign Ministers of the Arab League 89 Kissinger, Henry (US) Sec of State 90 Kissinger; Gromyko 91 Ford, Gerald (US) President 92 Vance, Cyrus (US) Sec of State 93 Carter, Jimmy (US) President/private individual 94 Cairo Preparatory Conference 95 Mondale, Walter (US) Vice-President 96 Atherton Jr, Alfred (US) Ass Sec of State, Near East 97 Sadat, Anwar (Egypt) President 98 Gromyko, Andre (USSR) Foreign Minister 99 Sudan (unspecified) 100 Amin, Idi (Uganda) President 101 Callaghan, James (UK) Foreign Minister 102 Guicciardi, Vittorio Winspeare, UN Special Envoy 103 Riad, Mahmoud, OAU Sec General 104 Rydbeck, Olaf (Sweden) permanent rep at UN; UN mediator 105 Fahd, Crown Prince (Saudi Arabia) 106 OAU Committee of Wise Men; reps of Sudan, Mali, Nigeria, Guinea, Ivory Coast 107 OAU 8 nation mediation committee 108 Rivero, Dr Jose Luis Bustamante y (former President of Peru) 109 Kenya (unspecified) 110 OAU (unspecified) 111 Moi, Daniel Arap (Kenya) President 112 Murray, Sir James (UK) Emissary on behalf of "Contact Group" Canada, France, US, UK, West Germany 113 de Cueller, Perez, UN Sec General 114 Crocker, Dr Chester (US) Ass Sec of State for African Affairs 115 Foreign Ministers of Vietnam, PRK, Laos 116 ASEAN Conference 117 Palme, Olof (Sweden) former PM; UN mediator 118 Islamic Conference Organisation GOC, led by Zia of Pakistan 119 Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Countries; mediation Committee; foreign ministers of Malaysia, Cuba, India, Pakistan, Yugoslavia, Zambia, PLO 120 Syria/Kuwait (unspecified) 121 Jawara, President (Gambia); Pres ICO 122 India (unspecified) 123 Argentina, Brazil, Chile, USA 124 France (unspecified) 125 France, OAU (unspecified) 126 Haig, Alexander (US) Sec of State 127 Peru (unspecified) 128 Peru/USA (unspecified) 129 Habib, Philip (US) Special Ambassador to the Middle East 130 Shultz, George (US) Sec of State 131 Mubarak, Husni (Egypt) Vice President 132 Mirah, Sultan Ali (leader of Ethiopian Afar Tribe) 133 Cochran, Mark (US) rep on UN Indonesia Committee 134 Mpungwe, Ambassador Ami (Tanzania) 135 Lozano, Dr Alfredo (Colombia) member UN Commission (case 04) 136 Mahgoub (Sudan) PM 137 ICO negotiating team, led by President Tome of Guinea 138 ICO team, led by Chatti, sec-general 139 Hayden, Bill (Australia) foreign minister 140 Contadora group, foreign ministers of Mexico, Columbia, Venezuela, Panama 141 Libya (unspecified) 142 ANAD - North African defence agreement countries 143 OAS - 5 member mission: U.S., Argenita, Bolivia, Mexico and Panama 144 Palmer, Col. R.D., U.S. military attache in Siam (Chair) 145 Murphy, Richard; U.S. Asst. Sec. of State for the Near East 146 U.N. (unspecified) 147 Fahd, King (Saudi Arabia) 148 15-member multi-national technical commission; representing the U.N. and OAU; led by Abdulrahim Abby Farah (U.N. Under Sec.Gen) 149 Booh-Booh, Jaques-Roger (UN Sec-Gen's special rep. in Rwanda)

150 Castro, Feidel (in capacity of Chair of Non-aligned Movement) 151 Cordovez, Diego, Under-Sec.Gen. of U.N. (special envoy to Afghanistan) 152 Halefoglu, Vahit (Turkish Foreign Min) 153 Ozal, Turgut (Turkish P.M.) 154 Botha, R.F. "PiK" (S.A. For. Min) 155 Arias, Oscar Sanchez (Costa Rica President) 156 Obando, Cardinal 157 OAU ad hoc cmmtt. comprising Heads of State of Algeria, Cameroon, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal. Chairman was Pres. Bongo of Gabon 158 Draper, Morris, Chief U.S. Negotiator in Lebanon 159 UNIFIL (unspecified) 160 Kitani, Ismat (UN special envoy to Tadjikistan) 161 Rahman, Prince Musaid bin-Abdur; Saudi Arabian envoy 162 Merchant, Mr Livingstone T., US Amb. to Canada 163 Nehru, P.M. of India 164 Narasimhan, Mr. C.V.; Chef de Cabinet of U.Thant 165 Kennedy, Robert; US Attorney-Genral 166 Thailand (unspecified) 167 Lopez; Philippines Foreign Secretary 168 Moi, President Daniel Arap (Kenya); Robert Mugabe (Zimbabwe) 169 Mobutu, President (Zaire) 170 Barroso, Jose Durao, Secretary of State (Portugal) 171 Espiell, Hector Gros, UN Special Representative 172 Mock, Dr Alois, Vice-Chancellor of Austria, Austraian People's Party 173 Indonesia (unspecified) 174 Indonesia/France (unspecified) 175 Alatas, Ali, Indonesian Foreign Minister 176 Evans, Gareth (Australian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade) 177 Evans, Gareth (Australian Minister of Foreign Affairs)/Indonesia (unspecified) 178 Liberian Council of Churches 179 ECOWAS Representatives (unspecified) 180 ECOWAS Heads of State 181 Cohen, Herman US Assistant Secretary of State 182 Libya/PLO (unspecified) 183 Vorster, Prime Minister (South Africa)/President Kaunda (Zambia) 184 Richard, Ivor British Ambassador to the UN 185 Owen, David British Foreign Secretary; Andrew Young, US Ambassador to the UN 186 Owen, David, British Foreign Secretary/Andrew Young, US Ambassador to the UN/Richard Moose, US Assistant Secretary of State for Africa 187 Owen, David, Andrew Young, Richard Moose, Cyrus Vance, US Secretary of State 188 Carrington, Lord (UK) 189 UN Conciliation Commission (Congo) 190 Gullion, US Ambassador to Leopoldville 191 Gardiner, Mr Robert (UN Official)/UN Officials (unspecified) 192 World Council of Churches, unspecified 193 Niilus, Mr Leopold, Canon Burgess Barr, WCC Representatives 194 Caffery, Mr Jefferson, US Ambassador to Cairo 195 Dulles, John F., US Secretary of State 196 Marshall, General George C., special envoy to the President 197 Wedemeyer, Lt. General Albert, special envoy to the President 198 Escher, Dr Alfred Martin, Special Representative to the Secretary General (UN) 199 "Contact Group", Britain, Canada, France, West Germany, USA (unspecified) 200 "Contact Group"/Kurt Waldheim, UN Secretary-General 201 Ahtisaari, Mr Martti, UN Special Representative 202 Angola/UN (unspecified) 203 Waldheim, Dr. Kurt/Brian Urquhart (UN Official) 204 Kaunda, Dr. K. (Zambian President)/Prof. van Niekerk (Namibia) 205 OAU Advisory Mission (H. Selassie, Gen. Aakrah, Pres. Ahidjo, M.D. Telli) 206 Papal Mission (Mgr Dominic Conway, Mgr Georges Rochcan) 207 Smith, Mr Arnold, Commonwealth Secretary-General 208 Smith, Mr Arnold/Odaka (Ugandan Foreign Minister)/President Obote (Uganda) 209 Shepherd, Lord, Minister of State for Commonwealth Affairs 210 Brockway, Lord, Mr James Griffiths (Committee for Peace in Nigeria) 211 Garba, Brigadier Joseph (Nigeria) 212 Parthasarathy, Mr Gopalswamy, special envoy to Mrs Gandhi (India) 213 Five-member Government Delegation, India (unspecified) 214 Chidambaram, Mr. P., Mr K. Natwarsingh, personal emissaries to Mr Gandhi (India) 215 Gandhi, Mr., Mr Dixit (India) 216 OAS (President Curazo Odio of Costs Rica) 217 Hans-Jurgen, Herr., special rep. of Socialist International 218 Broadbent, Mr. Edward, Vice-President Socialist International 219 Portillo, President Lopez of Mexico 220 Averez, President Luis Alberto Monge of Costa Rica 221 Jackson, Rev. Jesse 222 Damas, Archbishop Mgr Arturo Rivera y (El Salvador) 223 Catholic Church, El Salvador (unspecified) 224 University of El Salvador (unspecified) 225 El Salvador Bishops (2, unspecified)

226 De Soto, Alvaro, UN envoy 227 Evatt, Dr.(UN General Assembly President) and Trygvie Lie (UN Sec-General) 228 OAS Team: Jose Chiribogan (Ecuador); John Drier (USA); Fernando Lobo (Brazil); Louis Quintanilla (Mexico); Guillermo Vallodo (Paraguay) 229 Lie, Trygvie (UN Secretary-General) 230 de Ridder, Col. (UN Chief of Staff in Palestine) 231 Burns, Major-General (UN Chief of Staff, Truce Supervision Org.) 232 Alghabid, Hamid (Sec-Gen of the Islamic Conference Organisation) 233 Riley, Major-General (UN Chief of Staff, Truce Supervision Org.) 235 Hammarskjold, Dag. (UN Secretary-General) and Maj-Gen Burns 236 Hammarskjold, Dag. and Dr. Urrutia (Colombian Diplomat) 237 Beck-Fris, Baron Johan (Sweden) Retired Diplomat and UN appointed 238 Dorsinville, M.Max (UN Rep.) 239 Bella, Ben (President of Algeria), and Aref, Abdul Salam (Iraqi President) 240 Tubman (President of Liberia and OAU rep.), Diori (President of Niger), and Keita (Pres. of Mali) 241 Wako, Amos (UN Sec-Gen's envoy to East Timor) 242 OAS Council (unspecified) 243 Clarizo, Mgr. Emanuele (Papal Nuncio in Santo Domingo) 244 OAS Peace Mission: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Panama, Uruguay 245 Red Cross (unspecified) 246 Mayobre, Jose A. (ex.sec. UN Economic Commission for Latin America) 247 Mora, Dr. (OAS Sec.Gen.) 248 OAS Mediation Committee: Ellesworth Bunker (USA); Dr. Ilmar Penna Marinh (Brazil); Ramon de Clairmont Dueres (El Salvador) 249 Clarizo, Mgr.Emanuele (Papal Nuncio) and UN Observer Team (Unspecified) 250 UN Mission: Dey Ould Sidi Baba (Morocco); Mandel Pio Carrea (Brazil); M.Moise Aka (Ivory Coast) 251 Spinelli, Pier (UN European Office Director) and Rillye, Maj-Gen (UN Sec.Gen. Chief Military Advisor) 252 Egypt (unspecified) 253 Mobutu (President of Zaire) and Ngouabi (President of Congo) 254 OAU Mission: Justin Bomboko (Congo-Kinshasa) Foreign Minister; Murumbi (Kenya) Vice-President; John Williams (Sierra Leone) Minister of Information 255 Eyadema (President of Togo), Kountche (President of Niger) 256 OAU Mediation Commission: Eyadema (President of Togo); Kountche (President of Niger); Senghor (President of Senegal); Bearogvi (Prime Minister of Guinea); Mboumosa, Eteki (OAU Sec-Gen); Abdelghani (Algerian rep.); Ghalib, Arteh (Somalian Secretary of State) 257 Schaufele, William (US Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs) 258 Ngouabi (President of Congo) 259 Kuwaiti charge d'affairs (unspecified) 260 Mboumosa, Eteki (OAU Secretary-General) 261 USA/NATO (unspecified) 262 OAU Team: Dr. Ouko; Mr. Kodjo 263 Abdessalam, Dr.Al (Libyan Secretary for Foreign Liason) 264 Non-Aggression and Defence Aid Agreement (ANAD) 265 Arafat (PLO), Arab League (unspecified), Shaikh as Sabah (Kuwait) 266 International Court of Justice (ICJ) Border Commission 267 OAU Team: reps from Sudan, Mali, Nigeria, Guinea, Ivory Coast 268 Arnault, Jean (UN mediator) 269 Colombian and Venezuelan Presidents (unspecified) 270 Guarantor Nations of the 1942 Protocol of Rio de Janeiro with OAs support: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, USA 271 OAS Team: reps from USA, Guatemala, Dominican Republic 272 PLO negotiating team (unspecified) 273 Individual/US deputation led by Mr.Ramsey Clarke (former Attorney General) and Mr.William Millar (US Senate Committee on Intelligence) 274 Papal Mission, Mgr.Annibale Bugnihi 275 Abourezk, J.(former US Senator), Hansen, G.(US House of Reps.) 276 MacBride, Sean (UNESCO Rep.) 277 Team of US Clergymen (unspecified) 278 Duval, Cardinal Leon-Etienne (Archbishop of Algiers) 279 US Team led by Prof. Norman Forer 280 Capucci, Mgr.Hilarian (former Greek Catholic Archbishop of Jerusalem), Mgr.John Nolan (Papal Secretary to the Holy Land) 281 Thomas, John (American Indian activist) 282 Algerian mediation team (unspecified) 283 Iraq, Syria, Jordon (unspecified) 284 Yunis, Maj.Gen.Ibrahim (Head of Arab League military Commission) 285 Syria (unspecified) 286 South Africa, Angola, Cuba (unspecified) 287 Western Representatives at UN (unspecified) 288 Boschuritz, Rudy (envoy of President Bush) 289 UN/OAU (unspecified) 290 UN/OAS, CIAV (IN Commission for Support and Verification) 291 Farooq-Ash-Shar (Syrian Foreign Minister) 292 Primakov, Yeugeny (envoy for President Gorbachev) 293 Heath, Edward (former PM of UK) 294 Gorbachev, Mikhail (President of USSR) 295 Kahd, King (Saudi Arabia) 296 Officials from Jordon, Yemen, Palestine, Sudan, the Arab Maghreb, PLO (unspecified) 297 Vauvell, Michel (Head of Foreign Affairs Committee, French National Assembly)

298 European Community (unspecified) 299 Arafat, Yassir (PLO) 300 Ratsanjani, Hashemi Ali Aubar (President of Iran) 301 Dymally, Merugn (US Congressman) 302 Houphonet-Boigny, Felix (President of Ivory Coast), and other ECOWAS Presidents 303 Riad, Mahmoud (Secretary-General of the Arab League) 304 Khaddam, Mr. (Syrian Foreign Minister - later Vice-President) 305 Hoynck, Wilhelm (Sec-Gen and Conflict Arbitrator of CSCE) 306 Han, Andrew Mya (Anglican Archbishop of Burma) 307 Bertoli, Cardinal Paolo (Papal Emissary) 308 Murphy, Mr.Robert (US State Department, representing President Eisenhower) 309 de Murville, M.Maurice Couve (French rep.) 310 Shehabi, Maj.Gen. (Syrian Chief of Staff) 311 Aziz, Mr.Tareq (Iraqi Information Minister), Mr. Ali Ghannam (Iraq) 312 Assad (President of Syria) 313 Brown, Dean (US Special Envoy) 314 French Mission headed by M.George Gorse 315 Jallud, Major (Libyan Prime Minister) 316 el-Kholy, Dr.Hassan Sabry (special Arab League envoy) 317 Egypt, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia (unspecified) 318 Arab League Mediation Committee: Foreign Ministers of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE and Sudan 319 EC "Troika" Mission of Foreign Ministers - Luxembourg, Italy, Netherlands 320 Baker, James (US Secretary of State) 321 UN Liason Officers (unspecified) 322 CSCE (Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe) 323 Hexagonal Central European grouping - (Yugoslavia), Italy, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland 324 EC "trioka"/CSCE (unspecified) 325 EC Foreign Ministers/US State Department/Netherland's Foreign Minister Hans Vanden Broek 326 Sultan, Prince Bandar bin (Saudi Arabia), Mr. McFarlane (US special presidential envoy), Mr.Rafiq al-Harirri (Lebanese businessman) 327 al Faisal, Prince Saud (Saudi Foreign Minister) 328 Sultan, Prince Bandar bin (Saudi Ambassador to US), Prince Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz (Saudi Crown Prince), Mr.Rafiq al Harirri (Lebanese businessman) 329 Portugal/USA/Soviet Union (unspecified) 330 Shevardnadze, Edward (Soviet Foreign Minister), James Baker (US Secretary of State) 331 Assad (President of Syria), Vice-President Khaddam (Syria) 332 Algerian/Iranian mediators (unspecified) 333 Iran (unspecified) 334 Syria/Iran (unspecified) 335 Arab League Committee chaired by Shaikh Sabah al Ahmad al Jabir as Sabah (Kuwaiti Foreign Minister) 336 Church Officials (unspecified) 337 Six-member Arab League Committe on Lebanon (unspecified) 338 Arab League Delegation (Assistant Secretary General Lakhdar al Ibrahim, Ahmed Abdel Aziz Jassem - Kuwaiti Ambassador to Syria) 339 Arab League "troika" Committee on Lebanon (King Aziz of Saudi Arabia, King Hassan of Morocco, President Benjedid of Algeria) 340 Sozzi, Mgr.Alberto (Vatican mediator) 341 Scheer, Francois (French Foreign Minister) 342 Ibrahimi, Lakhdar (Arab League Envoy) 343 Shar, Zahir (former King of Afghanistan) 344 Kimnitt, Robert (Under-Secretary of State for US) 345 Jacobi, Klaus (Swiss Secretary of State) 346 Vellayati, Ali Akbar (Iranian Foreign Minister) 347 Bush, George (President of USA) 348 The Vatican, Italian Government, Mgr.Jaime Goncalves (Archbishop of Beira) 349 The Vatican, Italian Government, JVC (Joint Verification Comm.) 350 Davidow, Jeffrey (US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State) 351 Traore, Moussa (President of Mali) chairman: President Omar Bongo (Gabon and OAU mediator), President Ibrahim Babangida (Nigeria), President Chadli Benjedid (Algeria) 352 Mpungwe, Ami (Tanzanian Ambassador); John Malecela (Tanzanian PM) 353 Hassan, King (Morocco) 354 Kaifu, Toshiki (Prime Minister of Japan) 355 Dung, Roland (French Foreign Minister), Ali Alatas (Indonesian Foreign Minister) 356 Avice, Edwige (France), Ali Alatas 357 Soloman, Richard (US Secretary of State), Iyor Rogachev (Soviet Deputy FM) 358 France/Indonesia/Rep. of UN Secretary General (unspecified) 359 UN Security Council, rep. of UN Sec.Gen., Indonesia 360 Papal Nuncio, envoys of USA, Mexico, Argentina, Panama 361 Davis, Nathaniel P. (US Ambassador to Costa Rica) 362 Justinano, Sr.Renan Castrillo (President of UN Sec.Coun.-Bolivia) 363 Tejera, Senor Enrigue (Venezuela) for the Inter-American Peace Conference 364 Trucco, Senor Mannel (Chile) for the Joint Cooperation Commission 365 OAS Peace Committee 366 Plate, Dr.Juan I.(Paraguay) for OAS Commission 367 Diori, M.Hamani (President of Niger) 368 Liebert, Father (of the Rainbow Centre) 369 Wallensteen, Dr.Peter 370 New Zealand (unspecified)

371 Solomon Islands (unspecified) 372 Commonwealth Secretariat (unspecified) 373 Vyshinsky, M.(Soviet member of UN Security Council) 374 Britian/USA/France (unspecified) 375 Omani, UAE and Saudi leaders (unspecified) 376 Aziz, Prince Sultan ibn Abdul (Saudi Defence Minister) 377 Arab League Political Committee (Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen) 378 UN 5-nation Commission to Eritrea: South Africa, Norway, Pakistan, Burma,Guatemala 379 UN ad hoc Committee: Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Canada, Denamrk, Ecuador, Greece, Liberia, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Turkey, USA 380 Four-man Arab Conciliation Committee (reps from Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Sudan) 381 Sadeq, Leit.Gen.Mohammed (Egyptian Chief of Staff and envoy to President Nasser) 382 Four-Man Arab Mission: General Nemery of Sudan, M.Bali Ladgham of Tunisia, Gen.Sadeq of Egypt, Kuwaiti Defence and Foreign Ministers 383 Eight-man Arab Mission (Gen.Nemery's mission plus 4 more officials) 384 Ten Arab Heads of Government (unspecified) 385 Arab Observer Cease-fire Mission (ACOM) 386 Ladgham, M.Bali (ACOM Chairman) 387 Syrian mediation team headed by Maj.Gen. Mustafa Tlas, Cheif of Staff 387 Tlas, Gen. Mustafa, (Syrian Cheif of Staff), (see 387 for others) 388 Saqqaf, Dr.Omar (Saudi Foreign Minister), Dr.Hassan Sabry el Kholi (Personal envoy to President Sadat of Egypt) 389 Marshall, David (Singapore Chief Minister) 390 Ibrahim (Vice-President of Sudan) 391 Sudan, Libya, Niger (unspecified) 392 Nigeria, Libya, Cameroon, Sudan, Niger, (unspecified) 393 Bordering countries: Nigeria, Libya, Cameroon, Sudan, Niger, Central African Republic 394 Bordering countries plus Senegal, Benin, Congo, Liberia 395 OAU ad hoc Committee on Chad: Benin, Togo, Congo, Guinea and chaired by President Stevens of Sierra Leone and President Eyadema of Togo 396 OAS - President Osorio (El Salvador), Peurifoy and McDermott (US Ambassadors to Guatemala and El Salvador), Mgr Gennaro Verolino (Papal Nuncio) 397 Webster, Bethnel (US Rep.) 398 Gordon-Sommers, Trevor Livingstone (UN special envoy to Liberia) 399 Vance, Cyrus (former US Secretary of State as a UN Special Envoy) 400 Gorbachev, President and Boris Yeltsin 401 Pankin (Soviet Foreign Minister) 402 Soviet Union and UN Officials (unspecified) 403 PICC (Paris International Conference on Cambodia) 404 Arab League "technical committee" (unspecified) 405 Yamani, Shaikh Ahmed Zaki (Saudi Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources) 406 OAU/International Red Cross (unspecified) 407 OAU Special Committee on Mercanaries: Burundi, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia 408 OAU special committee and President Al Azhavi (Sudan) 409 Bolivian Jesuit Priest (unspecified) 410 Toure, Ahmed Sekou (President of Guinea) 411 Saud, King of Saudi Arabia 412 OAS Investigation Committee led by Senor Fernando Lobo (Brazil), with reps from USA, Argentina, Costa Rica, Paraguay 413 UN Mission: Maj.Gen.Padma Rahadur Khatri (Nepal) chairman, with reps from Colombia, Finland, Poland, Zambia 414 Murphy, Mr Richard, Mr. Casper Weinberger, UN Officials 415 UNIFIL, UN Officials, Mr.Brian Urquart 416 Kenyatta (President of Kenya) 417 Uthman, Mr.Abu Bakr (special envoy to President Nemery of Sudan) 418 Kountche (President of Niger), Maj.Abou Kassem Mohammed Ibrahim (Sudan) 419 Aptidon, President Hassan Gouled, (Nigeria) 420 Djibouti (unspecified); Reps. of governments from the region 421 Ethiopian Government; Eritrean People's Liberation Front 422 Salim Ahmed Salim, OAU Secretary-General 423 Jonah, James O.C., (UN Assistant Secretary-General for Special Political Affairs) 424 UN; OAU; Arab League, and Islamic Conference Organisation(ICO) 425 Sahnoun, Mohamed (UN special envoy to Somalia) 426 Ethiopian Government reps. 427 Boutros-Ghali, Dr. Boutros (UN Secretary-General) 428 UN technical team to Somalia, headed by Peter Hanser (Former Ass. Sec-Gen) 429 EC delegation led by Baroness Chalker 430 Gordon-Sommers, Trevor (UN special rep. in Liberia); OAU; ECOWAS 431 USSR Interior Ministry Officials 432 Medvedev, Nicolai (Chair of the Russian Supreme Soviet Commission for National and State Structures and Interethnic Relations) 433 Yeltsin, Boris 434 Dijoud, Paul (Director for African and Malagasy Affairs at the French Foreign Ministry) 435 Vivien, Alain (French Minister Delegate for Foreign Affairs) 437 Doioudy, Dr., (rep. of UN Sec.Gen.) 438 Russian Military Commander (unspecified) 439 Yeltsin, Boris; President Nursultan Nazarbayer of Kazakhstan 440 Vellayati, Ali Akbar (Iranian Foriegn Minister) 441 Cetin, Hikmet (Turkish Foreign Minister)

442 Va'ezi, Mahmud (Iranian deputy Foreign Minister) 443 Mpungwe, Ami (Tanzanian Ambassador); OAU 444 Nazarbayev, President Nursultan (Kazakhstan) 445 Mitterand, President Fancois; Chancellor Kohl 446 Oumarou, Mr. Ide (OAU Secretary General) 447 Houphonet-Biogny, President (Ivory Coast) 448 ICO delegation:Foriegn Ministers of Libya, Saudi Arabia,Somalia, and a rep.of Senegal 449 Tohamy, Dr. Mohammed Hassan al (Secretary General of the ICO) 450 Meldor, Mr. Alejandro (Executive Secretary of the ICO) 451 Libya, Somalia, Senegal, Saudi Arabia 452 Kadhafi, Col. 453 Gage, Dr. Amadou Karim (Secretary general of the ICO) 454 Yongchaiyut, General Chaovalit (C-in-C Thai Army) 455 Kaunda, President Kenneth (Zambia - as OAU Chairman) 456 Arab Maghreb Union delegation: reps. from Mauritania, Morocco,Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya 457 Traore, President Moussa (Mali - as OAU Chairman) 458 OAU Mediation Commission; OAU Chairman; President Mubarak of Egypt 459 Martous, Wilfried (Belgian MP); President Museveni (Uganda - as OAU Chairman) 460 Muinyi, President Ali Hassan (Tanzania) 461 Debarge, Marcel (French Minister Delegate for Cooperation and Development) 462 Salim Ahmed Salim, OAU Secretary General 463 Diria, Ahmed Hassan (Tanzanian Minister of Foriegn Affairs and International Relations 464 Tanzania (unspecified) 465 Rowland, Mr. Roland "Tiny" (Cheif Executive of Lonhro) 466 Kadhafi, Col. 467 Inter-denominational church delegation (unspecified) 468 Bayih, Mr. Berham (Ethiopian Foriegn Minister) 469 Mpungwe, Ami (Tanzanian Ambassador); Joseph Rwegasira (Tanzanian FM); OAU 470 Museveni, President (Uganda) 471 OAU (unspecified); Herman Cohen 472 National Council of Churches (Kenya) 473 Babangida, President Ibrahim (Nigeria - as OAU Chairman) 474 Soviet Union (unspecified) 475 UN Assistance Mission to Rwanda (UNAMIR) 476 Clifford, Mr. Mark (former US Defence Secretary and special envoy to President Carter) 477 Herly, M. Jean (French Ambassador); M. Ian Kovacs (Romanian Ambassador) 478 Rwegasira, Joseph (Tanzanian FM); Salim Ahmed Salim (OAU Sec-Gen) 479 Willesee, Dr. Donald (Australian Foriegn Minister) 480 Niger (unspecified) 481 Ghandi, Mrs Indira (Indian PM) 482 Parthasarathy, Mr.; Mrs. Ghandi 483 Ghandi, Mr. Rajiv (Indian PM) 484 Bandari, Mr. Romesh (Indian Foriegn Secretary) 485 Indian Official delegation 486 Indian Government Ministers; Mr. Dixit, Indian Ambassador to Sri Lanka 487 Ghandi, Mr. Rajiv; Indian Government Ministers 488 OAU Mission led by Mr. Peter Onu (OAU Secretary General), and including Lt. Col. Goshu Wolde 489 Ethiopian, Congolese, and other African mediators 490 Congolese officials 491 Traore, President Moussa (Mali) 492 Juppe, Alain (French FM); Jean-Michel Marland (French Ambassador to Rwanda) 493 Diouf, President (Senegal - as Chairman of OAU) 494 Sassou-Nguesso, President (Congo - as Chairman of OAU) 495 Belaunde, President (Peru) 496 Arab League Committee Meeting: Foriegn Ministers of Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Syria, Kuwait, Algeria 497 Shultz, Mr. George (US Secretary of State); Mr. Habib; Mr. Morris Draper 498 US Delegation led by Mr. Habib; George Shultz 499 Reagan, President; Mr. Shultz; other senior US officials 500 MacFarlane, Mr. (US special presidential representative) 501 Barreh, President Siyad (Somalia); Mr. Ekangaki, OAU Sec.Gen. 502 Selassie, Hailie (Emporer of Ethiopia) 503 Ash-Shaar, Mr. Farouq (Syrian FM); Presdent Assad of Syria 504 Sihanouk, Prince Norodom (Cambodian Head of State) 505 Sandys, Mr. Duncan (Sec. of Sate for Commonwealth Relations and the Colonies) 506 Khoman, Mr. Thanat (Thai Foriegn Minister) 507 Nyerere, President (Tanzania) 508 Bourguiba, President (Tunisia) 509 Bitar, Mr. (Syrian Premier); Pres. Nkrumah of Ghana 510 Johnson, President Lyndon (USA) 511 Brosio, Signor Maulio (Secretary General of NATO 512 Fafall, Senor Bibiano Osorio (U Thant's perosnal rep. in Nicosia) 513 Bomboko, M. Justin (Congolese Foriegn Minister) 514 Shattuck, John (US Ass. Sec. of State for Humanitarian Affairs); David Rawson (US Ambassador to Rwanda) 515 Mwinyi, President Ali Hassan (Tanzania); John Malecela (Tanzanian PM); Salim Ahmed Salim 9oau Sec-Gen); Jaques-Roger Booh-Booh (UN special rep.) 516 Bongo, President (Gabon) 517 Austria, Sweden, Yugoslavia, and Switzerland 518 Hurley, Maj.Gen. Patrick J. (US Ambassador)

519 Kouchner, Dr. Bernard (French Minister of Humanitarian Action) 520 Cyrus Vance, US Secretary of State and UN appointed Sec-Gen Personal Rep (Oct.8, 1991); UN (unspecified) 521 Vance, Cyrus; Dr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, UN Secretary General 522 Cutleiro, Jose (EC Mediator) 523 Kozyrev, Andrei (Russian Foriegn Minister) 524 Baker, James (US Sec. of State); EC Foreign Ministers 525 Carrington, Lord (EC Mediator); Jose Cutileiro (Portuguese diplomat and EC Mediator) 526 Hurd, Douglas (British Foriegn Secretary) 527 Major, John (UK PM); Dr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali (UN Sec. Gen); USA,Germany, EC 528 Owen, Lord (EC Mediator replacing Lord Carrington); Cyrus Vance 529 Morillon, Maj.Gen. Philippe (Head of UN Peacekeepers in Bosnia) 530 Vance, Cyrus; Lord Owen; Dr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali 531 ECOMOG (ECOWAS peacekeeping force) 532 ECOWAS Mediation Committee 533 Bendjedid, Col. Chadli (President of Algeria) 534 Loucar, Budimir (Yugoslav FM on behalf of Non-Aligned Movement) 535 Arab League follow-up Committee; Mr. Khaddam, Syrian FM 536 US Congressional Delegation led by Mr. Stephen Solarz, Chairman of the House Foriegn Affairs sub-committee on Asian and Pacific Affairs 537 Shevardnadze, Mr. Eduard (Soviet Foriegn Minister) 538 French person (unspecified) 539 Kusumaatmadja, Dr. (Indonesian FM) 540 Dumas, Roland (French Foriegn Minister) 541 15 member UN fact-finding mission led by Lt.Gen. Martin Vadset 542 Choonhaven, Maj.Gen. Chatichai (PM of Thailand) 543 Four-member UN fact-finding mission headed by Maj.Gen. Timothy Dibnama of Ghana 544 Dunxin, Xu (Chinese Vice-Minister of Foriegn Affairs) 545 Thailand; Japan 546 EEC European Council 547 Saudi delegation led by King Fahd's special emissary, Abdullah bin Abd al-Muhisin al-Turki 548 Social Democratic Party (Germany) 549 Sevan, Benon (UN special rep. for Afghanistan) 550 Sharif, Mian Mohammad Nawaz (Pakistan PM); Pakistani officials 551 Riza, Igbal (UN special envoy to Rwanda and Ass. Sec-Gen for Peacekeeping); Maj-Gen. Joseph Mawice Baril (UN Military Adviser in Rwanda to Sec-Gen) 552 Pakistani and Saudi mediators (unspecified) 553 Panama (unspecified) 554 Stone, Mr. (US special envoy) 555 Cuartas, President Belisario Betancur (Colombia) 556 Stone, Mr; President Monge of Costa Rica 557 US non-partisan group in Los Angeles 558 Damas, Mgr Rivera y; Dr. Ignacio Ellacuria, the Jesuit rector of the Central American University 559 Mohsini, Ayatollah (leader of Shi'ite Peace Mission) 560 de Cuellar, Perez; Alvaro de Soto, personal rep. to Perez de Cuellar 561 Goulding, Marrack (UN Under-Secretary General) 562 UN observer mission in El Salvador 563 d'Estaing, President Giscard (France) 564 El-Kholy, Dr.; Maj.Gen. Muhammed Hassan Ghoneim 565 Ghoniem, General Hassan (Arab League rep.) 566 Houghton, Mr. Robert; Mr. David Mack (US Ambassadors) 567 Arab League; Dr. El-Kholy 568 Parker, Mr.; Mr. George Lane (US Diplomats) 569 USA/Arab League (unspecified) 570 Khouli, Maj.Gen. Mohammed (Syrian Army) 571 Jibraili, Ahmed Ali (influential Shia clergyman); Ayatollah Mohsini (leader of Shi'ite peace mission) 572 Sfeir, Mgr Nasrullah (Maronite Patriarch); a Maronite Committee 573 Puente, Pablo (papal nuncio) 574 Kan'an, Brig.Gen. Ghazi (Syrian military commander in Lebanon) 575 UN fact-finding sub-committee: reps. of Ivory Coast, Cuba, Iran 576 Waldheim, Dr. Kurt; M. Lewin, K. Waldheim's personal rep.; UN Security Council 577 Reps. from Libya; Kuwait; Tunisia; Syria; Saudi Arabia; Qatar;South Yemen 578 Senghor, President (Senegal) 579 Gul, Lt.Gen. Hamid (former Pakistani intelligence chief) 580 d'Estaing, President Giscard (France) 581 Algeria; Libya; Mauritania 582 Traore, President Moussa (Mali) 583 Cheysson, M. Claude (French Foriegn Minister) 584 OAU implementation committee: Presidents of Kenya, Nigeria,Sudan, Tanzania, Guinea, and Ministers from Mali, Sierra Leone 585 Three-man UN delegation led by Under-Secretary General Mr. Abdulrahim Farah 586 Mugabe, President Robert (Zimbabwe); Pres. Masire of Botswana 587 De Klerk, President (South Africa); President Mugabe 588 Mugabe, President; Roland "Tiny" Rowland 589 Rowland, Roland "Tiny"; Pres. Mugabe; Italian/Vatican officials 590 Vatican/Italian officials; Zimbabwe; Botswana 591 Thant, U; UN Security Council 592 Seranton, Mr. William (former Republican Governor of Pennsylvania and President Nixon's envoy) 593 Goulding, Dr. Marrack; Alvaro de Soto, Assistant UN Sec.Gen.

594 Russia (unspecified) 595 Humihia, Ahmed (Algeria - chairman of National Pact Commission) 596 Kazakhstan (unspecified) 597 Kouchner, Bernard (French Minister for health and Humanitarian Aid) 598 Oakley, Robert (US special envoy to Somalia) 599 Vorster, Mr. (South African PM) 600 Zambian, Tanzanian and Botswanian Presidents 601 Zambia/South Africa; other FLS leaders 602 Ennals, Mr. David (British Minister of State at the Foriegn and Commonwealth Office) 603 Rowland, Mr. ; Mr. Crosland (UK) 604 Owen, Dr. David (British Foriegn Secretary) - later Lord Owen. 605 Joint US/UK Consultative Group - senior officials 606 Carver, Lord (British Resident Commissioner-designate); Liet.Gen. Penn Chand, UN special rep. in Rhodesia 607 Owen, Dr.; US/UK officials 608 Graham, Mr. John (Deputy Under-Secretary at the UK Foriegn and Commonwealt Office); Mr. Stephen Low (US Ambassador to Zambia) 609 Davies, Mr. John (Conservative Spokesman in the House of Commons on Foriegn and Commonwealth Affairs 610 Hughes, Mr. (UK PM's personal emissary); Mr. Sephen Low (US Ambassador to Zambia); Lord Harlech, former UK Ambassador 611 Harlech, Lord (Former UK Ambassador) 612 Gul, Lt.Gen. Hamid (former Pakistani intelligence chief); Qazi Hussain Ahmed (Pakistani opposition party leader) 613 Waldheim, Dr. K.; Mr. Vance; President Carter 614 Waldheim, Dr. K.; Mr. Martti Ahtisaari (UN Sec.Gen. special rep.) 615 UN delegation led by Mr. Urquhart; UN; Angola 616 Haig, Mr. Alexander; President Reagan; US Officials 617 US Mission: Dr. Crocker, Mr. Wiliam Clark, Mr. Elliot Abrams 618 Hawthorn, Maj.Gen. (Commander of Allied Troops in Java) 619 UN Good Offices Committee/UN Security Council 620 Gracey, Maj.Gen. (British Mediator) 621 Mus, M. Paul (distinguished French orientalist and director of the Ecole d'outre-mer 622 Damaskinos, Archbishop (Greece) 623 Samper, Dr. Hernando (Colombia - Chairman of UN Commission) 624 UN Kashmir Commission; Mr. Atlee; President Truman 625 Nimmo, Maj.Gen. (UN Chief Military Observer) 626 Menzies, Mr. (Australian PM) 627 Graham Dr. Frank; Gen. Devers, Dr. Graham's military adviser 628 Khan, President (Pakistan); Shaharyar Mohammed Khan (Pakistan Foreign Secretary); Nawaz Sharif (Pakistan PM) 629 Sandys, Mr.; Mr. Harriman, US Assistant Sec. of State 630 Ismail, Sir Mirza (former Dewan of Hyderabad) 631 Nkrumah, President (Ghana); Ghanian delegation 632 Peter, Mr. James (Hungarian Foreign Minister) 633 Jean, M. (former French Ambassador in London) 634 Rumanian delegation headed by Mr. Emil Bodnaras 635 Eastern European officials; Mr. Chester Ronning, Canadian diplomat 636 Ashmore, Mr. Harry; Mr. William Baggs (American journalists) 637 Reeves, Dr. Ambrose (former Anglican bishop of Johannesburg); Rev. A.J. Muste (New York Presbyterian Minister); Rabbi Abraham Feinberg of Toronto 638 Kosygin, Mr. (Soviet FM); Mr. Wilson (UK PM) 639 Ceylon (unspecified) 640 Canada (unspecified) 641 Fanfani, Signor (Foriegn Minister of Italy); Signor Giovanni D'Orlandi (former Italian Ambassador in Siagon) 642 Sihanouk, Prince Norodom (Cambodian Head of State) 643 Swiss Government 644 Brunsson, Col. (UN Chief Observer); Belgian Consul-chairman of the UN Truce Commission 645 Vigier, M. Henri (Dr. Bunche's personal rep. in Tel Aviv) 646 UN Palestine Conciliation Commission 647 Bramuglia, Dr. (President of the UN Security Council); China, Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Syria, Columbia 648 Gramuglia, Dr.; Hr. Trygvie Lie (UN Sec.Gen.); Dr. Evatt, President of the UN General Assembly 649 Malik, M. Yakov (Soviet rep. at the UN) 650 MacGhee, Mr. George C. (US Assistant Secretary of State) 651 de Ribbing, Mr. Herbert (UN Observer appointed by UN Sec.Gen.) 652 Ali, Dr. Muhammed (Pakistani PM); Sir Zafrulla Khan (Pak. FM) 653 Nu, U (Burmese PM) 654 del Barrio, Archbishop Prospero Penados (Guatemala City) 655 National Reconciliation Commission headed by Rodolfo Quezadaa Toruno (RC Bishop of Zacapa and President of Guatemala Bishop's Conference) 656 Noel-Baker, Mr. Francis (Labour MP for Swindon) 657 Libya, Sudan (unspecified) 658 MacClintock, US Ambassador 659 Aram, Mr. Abbas (Persian Foreign Minister) 660 Envoys of Ghana, Guinea, Morocco, Sudan, UAR, Tunisia 661 Hammarskjold, Dr.; M. Mahmoud Khiari, UN deputy chief in Leopoldville 662 Malagasy delegation led by Mr. Xavier Michel Andrianarhinjah, the Speaker of Madagascar's assembly; Mr. R.C.Remi, Malagasy FM 663 Bongo, President (Gabon); Mr. Martin Bongo, FM of Gabon 664 Kaunda, President Kenneth (Zambia) 665 Yemen (unspecified) 666 Spinelli, Signor Pier (UN rep. to Yemen)

667 Zaki, Akram (Pakistan Sec-Gen for Foreign Affairs) 668 al Jabir, Sheikh Sabah al Ahmed (Kuwaiti FM) 669 Tri-partite Committee: FMs of Sudan, Iraq, Morocco 670 Kenyatta, President Jomo (Kenya) 671 OAU Conciliation Commission 672 OAU Political Bureau and Defence Commission 673 Waldheim, Dr. Kurt; Mr. James Callaghan (UK Foriegn and Commonwealth Secretary); Mr. N. Lunkov (Soviet Ambassador in London) 674 Pereira, President Aristides Maria (Cape Verde) 675 Soviet, US, Portuguese, UN officials 676 Quale, Vice-President Dan; President Bush 677 Botha, R.F. "Pik" (South African FM); President de Klerk 678 Goulding, Dr. Marrack (Head of UN Peacekeeping in Angola);Margaret Austee (Head of UN Mission to Angola) 679 Syria (unspecified) 680 OAS Team: FMs of Guatemala, Costa Rica, Nicaragua 681 Talabani, Jalal (PUK leader - Kurdish group) 682 Waldheim, Mr. Kurt; Mr. Fraser; Mr. Peacock; Signor Waispeare 683 Waldheim, Mr. Kurt; UN Officials 684 Haig, Mr. Alexander (US Sec of State); Mr. Thomas Enders; Gen. Vernon Walters 685 Dostum, General Abdul Rashid, Afghan warlord 686 Bakr, Dr. Ibrahim Salih, special envoy of the Sec-Gen of ICO 687 Taherian, Mohammed Ebrahim, Iranian special envoy to Afghanistan 688 Ali, Sardar Aseff Ahmed, Pakistan Foreign Minister 689 Mestiri, Mahmoud, leader of 5-member UN team, including Sotirios Mousauri (UN special rep. to Afghanistan) 690 Haqqani, Jalaloddin, head of peace mission to Afghanistan 691 Borujerdi, Ala'uddin, Iranian Deputy Foriegn Minister 692 Najafi, Mohamed Hassan, special Iranian envoy; Iranian Ambassador and officials 693 Mousari, Mirmahmoud, envoy to President Rafsanjani (Iran) 694 Iran; ICO (Sec-Gen Algabid and reps. from Iran, Pakistan, Tunisia) 695 Nigeria (unspecified) 696 Olagunju, Tunji, former Nigerian Interior Minister and leader of Nigerian team 697 Boutros-Ghali, Dr. Boutros; UN officials 698 Zenawi, President Meles (Ethiopia) 699 Boutros-Ghali, Dr. Boutros; President Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia) 700 Kouyate, Ambassador Lansana, UN Sec-Gen special rep. for Somalia; Leonard Kapungo, director of UN's Committee of Reconciliation; UN officials 701 Houdek, Bob, US Deputy Assistant Sec. of State for African Affairs 702 Houdek Bob; President Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia) 703 Howe, Admiral Jonathan 704 Eliasson, Jan, UN Under-Sec-Gen for Humanitarian Affairs; Pres. Zenawi (Ethiopia); Robert Oakley, US special envoy to Somalia 705 Imam of Hirab 706 Kouyate, Lansana, acting UN envoy 707 Mubarak, President Husni (Egypt); Amr Moussa, Egyptian Foriegn Minister 708 UN Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) 709 Gbeho, Victor, UN special rep. to Somalia 710 UNOSOM officials; Imam of Hirab 711 Annan, Kofi, UN Chief of peacekeeping in Somalia 712 Keating, Colin (NZ leader of Security Council Mission); reps. from USA, Russia, China, France, Nigeria, Pakistan 713 Libyan Moslem clerics and teachers as envoys of Gaddhafi 714 Hala, Ahmed Bin, Arab League director of Arab Affairs Public Administration, and leader of Arab League delegation 715 Soglo, President Nicephore (Benin - ECOWAS Chairman); James Jonah (UN Under Sec-Gen); Rev. Canaan Banana (Zimbabwe - OAU envoy) 716 Gordon-Somers, Trevor (UN envoy); President Nicephore Soglo (Benin); Rev. Canaan Banana (OAU envoy); Abass Bundu (Executive Secretary of ECOWAS) 717 Soglo, President Nicephore (Benin - ECOWAS Chairman) 718 Gordon-Somers, Trevor (UN envoy); UN; Liberian NGOs 719 Gordon-Somers, Trevor (UN envoy); Jimmy Carter; Obed Asamoah, Ghanian FM 720 Rawlings, Jerry (ECOWAS Chairman); UN; OAS reps. 721 Kingibe, Baba Gana (Nigerian FM); Obed Asamoah (Ghanian FM) 722 Ghana, as ECOWAS Chairman; OAU; USA 723 Ajello, Aldo, leader of UN mission, Under Sec-Gen. 724 Moose, George (US Ass. Sec. of State for African Affairs) 725 Auret, Mr. Derek, senior South African official 726 Mandela, President Nelson (South Africa) 727 Ajello, Aldo (UN rep.); Richard Edis, British Ambassador; Denis Jett, US Ambassador; President Mugabe (Zimbabwe); Roman Catholic Church 728 Mbeki, Thabo (South African deputy President); Jose Midiso, SA Defence Minister 729 Midiso, Joe (SA Defence Minister); SineyMufamad (SA Security Minister); Aziz Pahad (SA Deputy FM) 730 Fernando, Kenneth (Anglican bishop of Colombo) 731 Bhuddist monk; Catholic bishops of Malaysia and Philipines 732 Fernando, Archbishop Nicholas Marcus (Roman Catholic) and leader of church peace mission 733 Fernando, Kenneth (Anglican bishop of Colombo); Tudor Ariyaratne, leader of Sarvodaya movement (Aid Organisation) 734 France; Algeria; Burkina Faso 735 Nodinot, Jean-Francois (French mediator); Algeria; Burkina Faso 736 Compaore, President (Burkina Faso); Burinabe envoys

737 Alatas, Ali, Indonesian FM; Indonesian officials 738 Damarsk, Pieter, and Mohammed Mohsin (ICO reps. of the Ministerial Committee) 739 Alatas, Ali (Indonesian FM); Indonesian officials; ICO officials 740 Hesse, Archbishop Karl (Head of Catholic Bishop's Conference of PNG and Solomons) 741 Yaqub-Khan, Sahabzada (UN special envoy for Western Sahara) 742 Yaqub-Khan, Sahabzada (UN special envoy); Eric Jensen, head of MINURSO (UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara) 743 Yaqub-Khan, Sahabzada; USA; France; Britain; Cape Verde; Venezuela; Spain 744 Jensen, Eric (Head of MINURSO) 745 Jensen, Eric (Head of MINURSO); Dr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali 746 Toruno, Mgr. Rodolfo Quezada (Head of Reconciliation Commission); Spain, Columbia; USA; Mexico; Venezeula; Catholic Church; Yago Pico de Coana (Sec. for Iberno-American Affairs in the Spanish Foreign Ministry) 747 Egeland, Jan (Norwegian Foriegn Ministry State Sec.) 748 Skaneu, Petter, and Gunnar Stualsett (Lutheran World Federation reps.) 749 Brunner, Mr. Edouard (personal rep. to the UN Sec-Gen) 750 Kosyrev, Andrei (Russian FM); Russian officials 751 Pastukhov, Boris (Russian Deputy FM and presidential rep.) 752 Pastukhov, Boris (Russian Deputy FM); Viktor Barannikov, Russian Security Minister; Andrei Kosyrev, Russian FM 753 Krutsen, Mr. (UN special envoy to Georgia) 754 Grachev, Pavel (Russian Defence Minister) 755 Pastukhov, Boris (Russian Deputy FM); UN Officials including Edouard Brunner (personal rep. to the UN Sec-Gen); Vincenzo Manno (CSCE rep) 756 Malinberi, Professor (UN rep.); Russia; CSCE 757 Russia; UN (unspecified) 758 Brunner, Mr. Edouard (personal Rep. to the UN Sec.Gen); Felix Kovalev (Russian foreign ministry official) 759 Brunner, Mr. Edouard (UN rep. to Sec.Gen); Georgy Kondrutev (Russian deputy Defence Minister) 760 Russian Defence officials 761 Brunner, Mr. Edouard; Russia 762 Brunner, Mr. Edouard; Felix Kovalev (Russian foreign ministry official); CSCE 763 Brunner, Mr. Edouard; Boris Pastukhov (Russian Deputy FM); CSCE 764 Austee, Margaret (UN special rep. to Angola) 765 Austee, Margaret; USA, Russia, Portugal, OAU 766 Christopher, Warren; Geoffrey Davidow (African Affairs specialist, US State Dept.) 767 Beye, Alioune Blondin (UN special rep. to Angola) 768 Mandela, President Nelson (South Africa); King Hassan (Morocco); President Felix Houphouet-Boigney (Ivory Coast) 769 Brynn, Ambassador Edward; Robert Cabelly (leaders of US delegation) 770 Beye, Alioune (UN special rep to Angola); USA; General Chris Garuba (UN military observer mission head) 771 Trovoada, President Miguel (Sao Tome and Principe) 772 Beye, Alioune Blondin (UN special rep. to Angola); USA, Russia, Portugal 773 Chiluba, President Frank (Zambia); Zambian delegation 774 Mandela, President Nelson; Alfred Nzo (South African FM) 775 Chiluba, President Frank (Zambia) 776 Beye, Alioune Blondin; Edmund DeJarnette (US envoy); Laurie Stack (US Department for African Affairs) 777 Foriegn Ministers of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Uganda 778 Moi, President Daniel Arap (Kenya); Foriegn Ministers of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Uganda 779 Moi, President Daniel Arap (Kenya); President Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia); President Museveni (Uganda); Foriegn Minister of Eritrea 780 Musyoko, Kalonzo (Kenyan FM); IGAAD (Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development) ie Kenya, Uganda, Djibouti, Eritrea 781 Moi, President Daniel Arap (Kenya); Zachary Onyonka (Kenyan Research and Science Minister); Donald Petterson (US Ambassador in Khartoum); IGAAD 782 Moi, President Daniel Arap (Kenya); IGAAD 783 Moi, President D. A. (Kenya); IGAAD; President Museveni (Uganda); President Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia); Isayas Afewerki (Eritrean leader) 784 Onyonka, Zachariah (Kenyan Research Minister) 785 Afghanistan (unspecified) 786 Pakistan (unspecified) 787 Piriz-Ballon, Ramiro (UN Sec.Gen. special rep. for Tadjikistan); Russia; CSCE; Afghanistan; Iran; Kazakhstan; Pakistan; OIC. 788 Clarke, Kenneth (British Home Secretary) 789 China (unspecified) 790 Talbott, Strobe (US Deputy Sec. of State); Ms. Robin Raphel (US Assistant Sec. of State on South Asian Affairs) 791 Sandabayev, Kanat (Kazakhstan FM) 792 Foriegn Ministers of Central American States 793 Soares, Joao Baena (OAS Sec.Gen.); FMs of Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela and 5 Central American states 794 Ambassadors from Spain, Chile, Venezuela 795 Caramagna, Dr. Sergio (OAS International Commission of Support and Verification (CIAV-OAS) representative) 796 Caramagna, Dr. Sergio (CIAV-OAS rep. and OAS mission leader); Church Officials including Mgr. Eddy Montenegro (Vicar of Managua) 797 Hahn, Philipp (head of CSCE Mission to Moldova) 798 Evans, Gareth (Australian FM); Ali Alatas (Indonesian FM) 799 Mitterand, President Francois (France) 800 Kakizawa, Koji (Japan's Parliamentary Vice-Foriegn Minister) 801 UNTAC officials 802 Raffaelli, Mario (former Italian Under-Sec. at the ministry of FA and leader of Italian Mission); Ambassador Mario Sic (team deputy Chairman) 803 Raffaelli, Mario (CSCE Minsk group head); John Maresca (US mediator); Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian deputy FM, CSCE); officials from Russia, USA, Turkey

804 Cetin, Hikmet (Turkish FM); President Leonid Kravchuk (Ukraine); Edouard Sheverdnadze (President of Georgia) 805 Maresca, John (US special envoy to Nargorno-Karabakh); Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian deputy FM, CSCE); Volkan Vural (Hikmet Cetin's deputy undersecretary); CSCE 806 Raffaelli, Mario (former Italian diplomat and CSCE mediator) 807 Kazimirov, Vladimir (Russian deputy FM and CSCE rep) 808 Italy; CSCE (unspecified) 809 Kazimirov, Vladimir (Russian deputy FM, CSCE); CIS Interparliamentary Assembly; Russia's Foriegn Ministry; Aaland Peace Institute 810 Commander of Russian forces in the Transcaucuses 811 Eliasson, Jan (Swedish diplomat and new CSCE mediator) 812 Eliasson, Jan (Swedish diplomat and CSCE mediator); Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian deputy FM) 813 Kondratyev, Col.Gen. Georgy (Russian Deputy Defence Minister and special envoy to President Yeltsin) 814 CIS Interparliamentary Mission led by Kyrgyz Parliament Chairman Medetkan Sherimkulov 815 Sherimkulov, Medetkan (Kyrgyz Parliament Chairman); Vladimir Shumeyko (Speaker of Russia's Upper House) 816 Dallaire, Maj.Gen. Romeo (UN Commander in Rwanda); UNAMIR officials 817 Dallaire, Maj.Gen. Romeo (UN Commander in Rwanda); Shaharyar Khan Mohammed (UN special rep to Rwanda) 818 Stewart, Col. Bob (Commander of British Cheshire regiment) 819 Wahlgren, Gen. Lars-Erik (Head of UNPROFOR) 820 Churkin, Vitaly (Russian special rep. to the former Yugoslavia) 821 Bartholomew, Reginald (US special envoy to the former Yugoslavia) 822 Vance, Cyrus; Lord Owen; Reginald Barholomew (US special envoy); Thorvald Stollenberg (UN mediator replacing Cyrus Vance) 823 Owen, Lord; Thorvald Stoltenberg (UN mediator) 824 Stoltenberg, Thorvald (UN mediator) 825 Churkin, Vitaly (Russian envoy); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM); USA; UN 826 Morillon, Gen. Phillipe (UNPROFAR Commander); Brig.Gen. Vere Hayer (UNPROFAR Chief of Staff) 827 Morillon, Gen. Phillipe; Gen. Jean Cot (UNPROFAR Commander) 828 Claes, Willy (EC peace envoy and Belgian FM) 829 Felin, Brig.Gen. Luis (deputy UN Commander) 830 Kosyrev, Andrei (Russian FM) 831 Vollebaek, Knut (deputy to Thorvald Stoltenberg) 832 European Union (EU) Minister's Meeting; Willy Claes (Belgium FM); Lord Owen;Thorvald Stoltenberg 833 Andreev, Viktor (UN Civil Affairs Coordinator for Bosnia) 834 Cot, Gen. Jean (UNPROFAR Commander); UN Officials 835 Claes, Willy (Belgium FM); Lord Owen;Thorvald Stoltenberg; Hans van den Broek (EU External Political Affairs Commissioer); EU Foreign Ministers 836 Kinkel, Klaus (German FM); Lord Owen; Thorvald Stoltenberg 837 Akashi, Yasushi (UN Sec-Gen's special rep. to Bosnia) 838 Rose, Lt.Gen. Sir Michael (new UN Commander in Sarajevo) 839 Redman, Charles (US special rep. to Bosnia) 840 Redman, Charles (US special rep.); Lord Owen (EC mediator); Thorvald Stoltenberg (UN mediator) 841 Redman, Charles (US special rep.); Stephen Oxman (US Assistant sec. of State); Warren Christopher (US Sec. of State); other US officials 842 Redman, Charles (US special rep.); US officials 843 Redman, Charles (US special rep.); Ambassador Aleksei Nikiforov (Russia); David Manning (UK); Michael Steiner (Germany); Jacques de Sedony (France); as "Contact Group" 844 Papoulias, Karolos (Greek FM, as EU Council of Ministers Presdent) 845 Akashi, Yasushi (UN Sec.Gen's special rep.); UNPROFAR officials; Commander in Chief of NATO Command 846 Churkin, Vitali (Russian special rep. to former Yugoslavia); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM) 847 Churkin, Vitali (Russian special rep.); Peter Galbraith (US Ambassador to Croatia); UN and EU officials 848 Churkin, Vitali (Russian special rep.); Charles Redman (US special rep.); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM); Yasushi Akashi (UN special rep.) 849 Churkin, Vitali (Russian FM); Warren Christopher (US Sec. of State); Hans van den Broek (EU External Political Affairs Commissioner); A. Juppe (French FM); FMs from Britain, Germany, Greece, and Belgium; Dr. Owen; Thorvald Stoltenberg 850 Akashi, Yasushi (UN special rep.); Lt.Gen. Sir Michael Rose (UN commander); Gen. Bertrand de Lapresle (military head of the UN Protection forces) 851 de Mello, Sergio (UN Civil Affairs Chief) 852 UN French Battalion 853 Akashi, Yasushi (UN special rep.); Lt.Gen. Sir Michael Rose (UN Commander) 854 Eide, Kai (International mediator); Dr. Owen; Thorvald Stoltenberg; US, EU, and Russian Ambassadors to Croatia 855 Rose, Lt.Gen. Sir Micharl; Viktor Andreev (UN Senior Civil Affairs Officer) 856 Hurd, Douglas (British FM); Alain Juppe (French FM) 857 Rose, Lt.Gen. Sir Michael; Yasushi Akashi (UN special rep.); UN officials 858 Soglo, President Nicephore (Benin) as current ECOWAS President; Robert Dossou (Benin FM) 859 Quesnot, Gen. Christian (Pres. Mitterand's personal military chief of staff); Col. Bentegeat (Gen. Quesnot's deputy); Jean-Marc Rochereau de la Sabliere (Head of French Foreign Ministry's Africa Department); Bruno Delaye (Mitterand's Africa adviser) 860 Eyadema, President Gnassingbe Eyadema (Togo) 861 Natchaba, Ouattara Fambare (Togolese FM) 862 Matunga, M.T. (OAU Assistant Sec-Gen) as leader of OAU team 863 Hughes, Arthur (US Ambassador); Margaret Dean (Director of US State Dept's Arabian Peninsular Office) 864 Mohammed, Ali Nasser (former South Yemenese President) 865 Hussein, King (Jordon); Sharif Zeid Bin Shaker (Royal CourtCheif); Jordanian officials 866 Hussein, King (Jordon); Egypt; Oman 867 Hughes, Arthur (US Ambassador to Yemen) 868 Yemeni, Jordanian and Omani officers; US and French military attaches 869 Haman, Badr (Egyptian Assistant FM and envoy)

870 Said, Sultan Qaboos bin (Omani leader) 871 Afewerki, President Isayes (Eritrea) 872 Sharif, Safwat (Egyptian Information Minister); Badr Hamman (Egyptian Assistant FM); Rashid Abdullah al-Nuami (UAE FM) 873 Shakir, Sharif Zayd bin (Chief of the Royal Hashemite Court - Jordon); Dr. Khalidal-Karaki (Adviser to King Hussein); Maj-Gen Id Kamil al-Rawden (Assistant to the chairman of the Jordanian Joint Chief of Staff) 874 Pelletreau, Robert (US Assistant Sec. of State for Near Eastern Affairs) 875 al-Bereqdar, Mohammed Said (Assistant Sec-Gen for military affairs and leader of Arab League delegation) 876 Said, Sultan Qaboos bin (Omani leader); Youssef bin Alawi Bin Abdullah (Omani FM) 877 Shawareb, Mujahed Abu (Northern Yemeni deputy PM); and other Yemeni mediators 878 ICO (Islamic Conference Organisation) 879 Moussa, Amr (Egyptain FM) 880 Hassan, King (Morocco); President Liamine Zeronal (Algeria) 881 Qaddour, Nasser (Syrian Deputy FM) 882 al-Sabah, Sheikh Saad al-Abdullah (Kuwaiti Crown Prince and Prime Minister) 883 Filali, Abdellatif (Morocco FM) 884 al-Qassimi, Sheikh Sultan bin Mohammed (leader of Sharjah - UAE) 885 al-Sabah, Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmed al-Jaber (Kuwaiti FM) 886 Abdullah, Yousef bin Alawi bin (Omani FM) 887 Carter, Jimmy; Gen. Colin Powell (former US armed forces Chief of Staff); Senator Sam Nunn 888 Samore, Cardinal Antonio (papal envoy) 889 Kosyrev, Andrei (Russian FM); Igor Ivanov (Russian First Deputy FM); Viktor Posuvalyak (Foreign Ministry Middle East section head) 890 Dhama, U Rewatta (Bhuddist monk) 891 Likphai, Chnan (Thai PM) 892 Hiranyapruek, Suvicha (Secretary to Thailand's National Security Council Chief) 893 Mohsini, Mohammed (Assistant Sec-Gen of the ICO); ICO officials 894 Wirajuda, Hassan (Indonesian official); ICO officials 895 Legwaila J. Legwaila (Botswana) as leader of UN Security Council team 896 Beye, Blondin (UN special rep. to Angola); Paul Hare (US special rep. to Angola) 897 Garuba, Gen. Chris (UN chief military observer to Angola - Nigerian general) 898 Beye, Blondin (UN special rep.); President Mobutu (Zaire); Amara Essy (Ivory Coast FM) 899 Beye, Blondin (UN special rep.); President Frank Chiluba (Zambia) 900 Yasir, Khalid (Blondin Beye's deputy) 901 Mestiri, Mohammed (former Tunisian FM and special UN envoy to Afghanistan) 902 Monjo, John (US ambassador to Pakistan) 903 Santos, Charles (Adviser to M. Mestiri) as leader of four-man UN team) 904 Mohsini, Sheikh Mohammed Asif (leader of pro-government Afghan faction) 905 Monjo, John (US Ambassador to Pakistan) as leader of four-man US team to Afghanistan 906 Khan, Maulvi Mohammed (Pakistani Islamic Scholar) 907 Baqer, Ibrahim (Assistant Sec.Gen of ICO) as leader of three-man ICO team 908 Ensai, Ahmed (leader of four-man ICO delegation) 909 Group of Diplomats from 12 missions in Colombo 910 Chan, Raymond (Canadian junior FM and Secretary of State for Asia-Pacific) 911 Hodson, Roland (UN Devlopment Programme Humanitarian adviser) 912 Russia; Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Minsk Group 913 OSCE delegation led by co-chairman Anders Bjurner (Swedish diplomat) and Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian deputy FM) 914 Presel, Joseph (US emissary to OSCE's Minsk Group) 915 Talvitie, Heikki (Finish diplomat and new OSCE Minsk Group co-chairman) 916 Gyarmati, Istran (rep. of the OSCE chairman) 917 Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian deputy FM) and Rene Nyberg (Finland) as OSCE co-chairmen 918 Rene Nyberg (Finland); Vladimir Kazimirov (Russia); Valentin Lozinsky (Russia); Heikke Talvitie (Finalnd) - as co- chairmen of OSCE Minsk group 919 Lambach, Frank (Germany's envoy to the OSCE Minsk Group) 920 Joseph Presel (US emissary to OSCE Minsk Group); Sam Brown (Ambassador to OSCE Minsk Group) 921 Vendrall, Mr. Francesc (UN Sec-Gen special rep. to East Timor) 922 Vendrall, Mr. Francesc (UN special rep.); Tamarat Samuel (UN special rep.) 923 Samuel, Tamarat (UN political affairs officer) 924 Belo, Dom Ximeres (Bishop of Dili) 925 Beltran, Nel (Roman Catholic Bishop of Sincelejo) 926 Gonzalez, Felipe (Spanish PM) 927 Netherlands; Denmark 928 Ghana (unspecified) 929 President Gerry Rawlings (Ghana); Gen. Sani Abacha (Nigerian Head of State); President Blaise Compaore (Burkina Faso); Amara Essy (Ivory Coast FM) 930 Tailor, Tamba (traditional Liberian Tribal Chief) 931 ECOWAS Mediation Committee on Liberia: President Jerry Rawlings (Ghana); Nigeria, Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Togo, Mali] 932 ECOMOG and UN observers 933 Chambas, Mohammed Ibn (Ghana's deputy FM and mediator) 934 ECOWAS; UN (unspecified) 935 Danny Philips (Solomon FM) 936 Aleshack Radebe (Anc leader and recognised mediator); Sipho Mbaba (Inkata leader and recognised mediator) 937 OAU four-man mission led by OAU Sec-Gen Salim Ahmed Salim 938 OAU Team (unspecified) 939 15-man delegation led by Sultan Mohammed Hassan Gabbad (made up of ethnic Somalis from Ethiopia) 940 Frank Weisner (US Ambassador to India)

941 CIS delegation led by Vadim Gustov (Head of the Federation Council Commission for CIS); Edouard Brunner (UN special rep.) 942 Mr. Edouard Brunner (UN special rep. For Sec-Gen); OSCE; UNHCR; Russian Federation re as Facilitator 943 Mr. Edouard Brunner (UN specia rep.); Boris Pastukhov (Russian deputy FM); Feliks Kovalev (Russian ambassador at large) 944 Liviu Bota (Mr. Edouard Brunner's deputy) 945 Aleksey Bolshakov (Russian deputy PM); Boris Pastukhov (Russian deputy FM); Feliks Kovalev 946 Charles Thomas (US member of "Contact Group" and mediator); joined later by other members of the "Contact Group" 947 UNPROFAR; UNHCR 948 UNPROFAR officials 949 Richard Holbrooke (US Ass. Sec. of State); William Perry (US Defence Minister); "Contact Group" reps. 950 US, Russian, EU, and UN diplomats 951 Lt-Gen Rupert Smith (new commander replacing Lt-Gen Sir Michael Rose) 952 Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM); later Robert Fraser (US "Contact Group" delegate) and Alexander Zlotov (Russian "Contact Group" delegate); Yasushi Akashi (UN mediator) 953 "Contact Group": reps. from Russia, USA, Britain, France, Germany 954 President Soeharto (Indonesia) as President of the Non-Aligned Movement 955 "Contact Group"; Alexander Zlotov (Russian "Contact Group" rep.) 956 Robert Frasure (US "Contact Group" rep.) 957 Alexander Zlotov (Russian "Contact Group" rep.) on solo mission 958 Robert Frasure (US "Contact Group" rep.); later joined by Alexander Zlotov (Russian "Contact Group" rep.) 959 Karolos Papoulias (Greek FM); Yerasimos Arsenis (Greek National Defence Minister) 960 Carl Bildt (former Swedish PM and new EU mediator replacing Lord Owen) 961 Carl Bildt (EU mediator); Thorvald Stoltenberg 962 Carl Bildt (EU mediator); Richard Holbrooke (US Ass. Sec. of State); other "Contact Group" reps. 963 Carl Bildt (EU mediator); Richard Holbrooke (US Ass. Sec. of State); Igor Ivanov (Russian First Deputy FM) 964 Alexander Zlotov (Russian "Contact Group" rep.); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM) 965 Thorvald Stoltenberg (UN mediator replacing Cyrus Vance) 966 Peter Galbraith (US Ambassador to Croatia) 967 Herve de Charette (French FM) 968 Richard Holbrooke (US Sec.of State); Robert Frasure (US Contact Group); Nelson Drew (US National Security Aide); Joseph Kruzel (deputy Ass. Sec. of State); Gen. Wesley Clarke - Frasure, Drew, Kruzel, replaced by Roberts Owen, Brig-Gen Donald Kerrick, James Pardew after their accidental deaths 969 Igor Ivanov (Russian First Deputy FM) - on behalf of the "Contact Group" 970 Richard Holbrooke (US Assistant Secretary of State) 971 Warren Christopher (US Sec. of State); with Roberts Owen and Chris Hill (US senior officials) in Sarajevo 972 Salif Diallo (Burkinabe Minister and mediator); French and Algerian mediators 973 Boris Agapov (Vice-President of Ingushetia) 974 Ruslan Aushev (Ingush President) 975 Gyula Horn (Hungarian PM as OSCE President) 976 Laszlo Kovacs (Hungarian FM a current OSCE chairman); OSCE officials 977 President Saparmyrat Niyazov (Turkmenistan); UN officials 978 Sandor Meszaros (OSCE mission head to Chechnia); OSCE officials 979 Sandor Meszaros (OSCE mediator) - replaced by Olivier Pelen (French diplomat and deputy head of the OSCE mission to Chechnia) 980 Valentin Lozinskiy (Russia); Heikki Talvitie (Finland) as co-chairman of OSCE Minsk Group; Vladimir Kazimirov 981 Valentin Lozinskiy (Russia); Heikki Talvitie (Finland) as co-chairmen of OSCE Minsk Group 982 Ms. Robin Raphel (US Assistant Secretary of State on South Asian Affairs) 983 Ali Alatas (Indonesian FM); Wiryono Sastrohandoyo (Indonesia's ambassador to the Philippines); ICO and Indonesian officials 984 UN and Commonwealth Secretariat officials 985 Jimmy Carter; Archbishop Desmond Tutu; Julius Nyrere (former Tanzanian President) 986 Boris Pastukhov; Aleksey Bolshakov (Deputy PM) 987 Richard Holbrooke; Warren Christopher; "Contact Group"; Carl Bildt; Igor Ivanov 988 Peter Galbraith; Thorvald Stoltenberg 989 Warren Christopher (US Sec. of State) 990 William Nash (US Maj-Gen - head of US troops in Nato's Bosnia Force) 991 Liberian Council of State members 992 France, Burkina Faso, Algerian mediators 993 Vladimir Kazimirov; Valentin Lozinsky; Heikki Talvitie (as co-chairman of OSCE Minsk Group); Klaus Klinkel (German FM) 994 Klaus Klinkel (German FM) 995 CIS Interparliamentary Assembly delegation led by Valerian Viktorov (deputy chairman of Russia's Federation Council) 996 Ramiro Piriz-Ballon (UN special rep. to Tadjikistan) 997 Ramiro Piriz-Ballon (UN special rep.); Pres. Nursultan Nazarbayev (Kazakhstan); OSCE; OIC; Afghanistan; Russian Federation; Iran; Pakistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan 998 UN team; Iranian officials 999 President Rabbani (Afghanistan) 1000 President Mubarak (Egypt); Ebdel-Halim Khaddam (Syrian Vice-President); Farouq al-Shara (Syrian FA Minister) 1001 Seyoum Mestiri (Ethiopian FM) 1002 Mr. Umar Suleyman (special envoy to Pres. Mubarak - Egypt) 1003 Pres. Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia); Seyoum Mestiri (Ethiopian FM) 1004 Guinea-Bissau (unspecified) 1005 Cesar Gaviria (OAS Chief) 1006 Fernando Henrique Cardoso (Brazilian President) 1007 Cardinal Carlo Furno (papal envoy)

1008 Hemispheric Security Meeting: USA, Canada, and 32 Latin American and Caribean states. 1009 Geneva Conference: UK- Mr. Eden; USSR- M. Molotov; USA; Siam; China; India. 1010 Mr Krishna Menou (Indian Minister without portfolio). 1011 Mr. Tokuma Utsunomiya (leading member of Japanese Liberal-Democratic party), Mr. Tako Miki (Japanese PM). 1012 Dag Hammerskjld; Dr. Ralph Bunche (UN Under-Sec). 1013 Mr. Matthew Niwetz (Concellor UN State Dept); British and Canadian officials. 1014 Sr. Hugo Gobbi (special UN rep. To Cyprus). 1015 Mr. Richard Haas (UN State Dept. special coordinator for Cyprus). 1016 Oscar Camilon (UN special rep. To Cyprus). 1017 Boutros-Ghali, Dr. Boutros; UN Security Council. 1018 Boutros-Ghali, Dr. Boutros; UN Security Council; Joe Clark (UN special rep to Cyprus). 1019 EU Foreign Ministers. 1020 Joe Clark (UN special rep. To Cyprus). 1021 George Stephanopoulos (US State Dept.). 1022 Mr. Sand Mohamed al Usayui (Kuwaiti Minister of State for Foreign Affairs). 1023 France; Portugal. 1024 Bettini Crosi (Itlaian PM). 1025 U Thant; Dr. Jose Rolz Bennett, UN rep. 1026 Liberian Vice-President William Richard Tolbert Jrn. 1027 Pres. Tubman (Liberia, UN representative) 1028 Edouard Zellweger, UN Sec.Gen. personal rep. to Laos 1029 Hassouna Abdul-Khaleq (Egypt), Arab League Sec.Gen.; Chairman of the Arab League Council 1030 Pres. Mobutu (Zaire), appointed by OAU Council of Ministers and Assembly 1031 Brigadies-General Tulio Marambio (Chile), UN Sec.Gen. rep. 1032 Galo Plaza Lasso (Ecuador), OAS Sec.Gen. 1033 OAS Seven Member Committee 1034 Arab League Five Nation Committee 1035 OAU Administrative Sec.Gen.; Pres. Ngouabi (Congo); Pres. Mobutu (Zaire) 1036 UNEF II reps. 1037 UN interim commander UNEF II - Gen. Ensio P.H. Siilasvuo (Finland); US Sec. of State, Kissinger 1038 UN interim commander UNEF II - Gen. Ensio P.H. Siilasvuo (Finland) and Chair of Military Working Group of the Geneva Peace Conference; UN Sec.Gen rep. R. Guyer 1039 UN interim commander UNEF II - Gen. Ensio P.H. Siilasvuo (Finland) and Chair of Military Working Group of the Geneva Peace Conference on the Middle East 1040 UN interim commander UNEF II - Gen. Ensio P.H. Siilasvuo (Finland); US and USSR reps. 1041 Javier Perez de Cuellar, UN Special Rep. 1042 Guyer, R. (UN observer); UK Foreign Minister 1043 UNFICYP reps. 1044 UNFICYP reps; UK Foreign Minister 1045 UN Sec.Gen. Javier Perez de Cuellar; Algerian and Mauritanian observers 1046 OAU Mediation Commission - Guinea, Niger, Senegal, Togo reps. 1047 OAU Mediating Group led by Prs. Mugabe (Zinbabwe); South African Foreign Minister Pik Botha 1048 General Emmanuel A. Erskine (Ghana) - UNTSO Chief of Staff chairing meeting 1049 UNFIL I rep. (unspecified); Ambassador Philip Habib, personal rep. to US Presient 1050 UN Inquiry and Conciliation Commission 1051 UN initiated and chaired Supervisory and Monitoring Commission (CSC), including government reps., RENAMP delegations, reps. Of Italy, Frandce, UK, USA and the OAU 1052 Joint Commission for the Formation of the Mozambique Defence Force (CCFADM) under UN chairmanship) 1053 UN Special Mission - nine Security Council Members (Brazil, Czech Republic, Djibouti, New Zealand, Nigeria, Oman, Russion Rederation, USA) 1054 UN Sec.Gen. Kurt Waldheim, acting under OAU auspices 1055 UN Sec.Gen. Boutros-Ghali; UN Observer Mission in EL Salvador (ONUSAL) 1056 UN Observer Mission in EL Salvador (ONUSAL) 1057 Joint Group investigating Politically Motivated Illegal Armed Groups (including ONUSA: rep. - UN) 1058 OAU Chairman, Pres. Gaafar Nimeiry (Sudan) 1059 OAU Chairman, Pres. Eyadema (Togo); Eden Kadjo (OAU Sec.Gen) and Kadjo’s aides 1060 UN Technical Mission led by Lt.Gen. Martin Vadset, Chief of Staff UNTSO 1061 Acting Chief Military Observer of UNIMOG, Brigadier.Gen. S. Anan Khan (Bangladesh) 1062 President of the UN Security Council (on behalf of the Security Council) 1063 UN, OAU, Arab League, Oragnisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) - delgation headed by James Jonah, UN Under Sec.Gen. for Special Political Affairs 1064 15 Member UN Technical Team headed by Robert Gallagher and assisted by reps. Of the OAU, Arab League, OIC 1065 Mohamed Sahnoun, UN special envoy to Somalia; members of the OAU, Arab League and OIC in the 15 Member UN Technical Team 1066 UN agencies; Red Cross (ICRC), NGO’s 1067 Lansana Kouyaté, Sec.Gen. special rep; OIC; Arab League; OAU 1068 Deputy Special Rep. of UNOSOM II (unspecified) 1069 UNOSOM II reps 1070 UNOSOM II reps; Ethiopian government reps. 1071 UN Fact Finding Mission to Liberia and UN Special Envoy, Lakhdar Brahimi 1072 UN Mission - Fact Finding Team to Georgia 1073 UN Technical Planning Team 1074 UN Advanced Team of 17 Military Observers (Pre UNOMIG - was later absorbed into it) 1075 UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR); Russian Federation reps. 1076 UN Good Will Mission to Rwanda and Uganda 1077 UN Technial Mission (Rwanda) 1078 UN Reconnaissance Mission of Senior Offices; Tanzania; OAU Sec.Gen Salim Ahmed Salim 1079 OAU; Tanzania

1080 Macaire Pédanou, head of UN Good Will Mission to Rwanda and Uganda 1081 Shakarya Mohammed Khan (Pakistan), UN special rep. to Rwanda 1082 UN Under Sec. Gen (unspecified) 1083 UN Fact Finding Mission (China, Czech Republic, Germany, Honduras, Indonesia, Nigeria, USA) 1084 Aldo Romano Ajello (Italy), UN Sec.Gen. Special Envoy 1085 Russia; UN; Afghanistan; Iran; Kazahkstan; Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan 1086 Russia; UN Special Envoy Ramiro Piriz-Ballon; Iran 1087 UN Fact Finding Mission to Tadjikistan 1089 UN Good Offices Mission to Tadjikistan 1090 UN Technical Survey Team - 15 Military Observers under Brigadier.Gen. Hasan Abaza (Jordan) in Tadjikistan 1091 Senior UN Secretariat Officials 1092 CSCE Minsk Group (chair Mario Raffaelli) 1093 9 Member CSCE delegation led by Karel Johannes Von Schwarzenberg (Czech) 1094 5 Member CSCE Fact Finding Mission led by Von Schwarzenberg and including a UK official 1095 CSCE Committee meeting (senior officals) 1096 UN Special Envoy Cyrus Vance, assisted by retired US ambassador Herbert Okun (his deputy in Yugoslavia) 1097 CSCE Summit reps (with USA, Turkey and others in the forum) 1098 CSCE chairman, Jiri Dienstbier (Czech FM) 1099 CSCE reps; Iran Deputy FM Mahmoud Vaezi, Iran President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani 1100 UN Fact Finding Mission led by Francesco Vendrell (Spain), Senior UN Officials at the Dept. of Political Affairs 1101 CSCE 51 Nation Summit 1102 CSCE Minsk Group, Raffaelli (chair), Mario Sicca (acting chair - Italy) 1103 CSCE mediator (Italian offical - unspecified) 1104 CSCE Conference Forum 1105 Herbert de Ribbing, Special rep. of UN Sec.Gen Dag Hammarskjold 1106 UNPROFOR - sponsored talks 1107 Gen. Lars Erik Wahlgren, head UNPROFOR; Cyrus Vance, UN; Lord Owen, EC 1108 Co-Chairmen ICFY Steering Committee 1109 ICFY reps. and the ‘Zagreb Four’ 1110 UNPROFOR Force Commander 1111 UNPROFOR 1112 UNPROFOR Chief of Mission, Antonio Pedauye 1113 UN Sceurity Council Fact Finding Mission in Yugoslavia - France, Hungary, New Zealand, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Venezuela 1114 Cyrus Vance, UN; Lord Owen, EC; Thorvald Stoltenberg, UN rep. 1115 UN Sec.Gen Person Rep.; UNPROFOR Commander; UN Security Council 1116 Yasushi Akashi, UN Sec.Gen Rep.; Co-Chairmen of the ICFY Steering Committee 1117 UNPF Theater Force Commander 1118 Contradora Group and Pres. Arias Sanchez 1119 UN Commission for Indonesia 1120 UN General Assembly 1121 Arab League Four-Man Committee (Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Sudan) 1122 UN Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 1123 Sec.Gen. of Arab League, Hassounah 1124 Arab League Council 1125 OAS Investigation Committee (unspecified) 1126 Waldheim, Dr. (UN Sec-gen.); ASEAN 1127 OAS Inter-American Peace Committee

APPENDIX G -THIRD PARTY IDENTITY (Alphabetical)

205 Aakrah, Gen., OAU Advisery Mission: H. Selassie, President Ahidjo, M.D. Telli 809 Aaland Peace Institute; Russia's Foreign Ministry; CIS Interparliamentary Assembly; Vladimir Kazimirov Russian Deputy FM) 929 Abacha, Gen. Sani (Nigerian Head of State); Jerry Rawlings (President of Ghana); President Blaise Compaore (Burkina Faso); Amara Essy (Ivory Coast FM) 256 Abdelghani, Algerian rep.; President Eyadema (Togo); President Kountche (Niger); President Senghor (Senegal); PM Bearogvi (Guinea); Eteki Mboumosa, OAU Sec-Gen; Arteh Ghalib (Somali Sec of State) : OAU Mediation Commission 263 Abdessalam, Dr.Al (Libyan Secretary for Foreign Liason) 1029 Abdul-Khaleq, Hassouna (Egypt), Arab League Sec.Gen.; Chairman of the Arab League Council 16 Abdullah, Shaik, Leader of Kashmir Moslem Conference 886 Abdullah, Youssef bin Alawi Bin (Omani FM) 876 Abdullah, Youssef bin Alawi Bin (Omani FM); Sultan Qaboos bin Said (Omani leader) 275 Abourezk, J.(former US Senator), Hansen, G.(US House of Reps.) 617 Abrams, Mr. Elliot; Dr. Crocker; Mr. W. Clark (US Mission) 50 Acheson, Dean (US) Secretary of State 871 Afewerki, President Isayes (Eritrea) 783 Afewerki, Isayas (Eritrean leader); President D.A. Moi (Kenya); IGAAD: Pres. Museveni (Uganda), Pres. Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia) 785 Afghanistan 1132 Afghan independent 31 member mediation committee of sneior Muja leaders and Islamic scholars 1085 Afghanistan; Kazahkstan; Kyrgyzstan; Russia; UN; Iran; Pakistan 973 Agapov, Boris (Vice-President of Ingushetia) 76 Ahidijo, President (Cameroon); OAU fact-finding mission: President Senghor (Senegal); President Mobutu (Zaire); General Gowan (Nigeria) 205 Ahidijo, President, OAU Advisory Mission: H. Selassie; General Aakrah; M.D. Telli 612 Ahmed, Qazi Hussain (Pakistani opposition party leader); Lt.Gen. Hamid Gul (former Pakistani intelligence chief) 614 Ahtisaari, Mr. Martti, (UN Sec-Gen special rep); Dr. Kurt Waldheim 201 Ahtisaari, Mr Martti, UN Special Representative 723 Ajello, Aldo (leader of UN mission and Under Sec.Gen.) 1084 Ajello, Aldo Romano (Italy), UN Sec.Gen. Special Envoy 727 Ajello, Aldo (UN mission leader); Richard Edis (British Ambassador); Denis Jett (US Ambassador); President Mugabe (Zimbabwe); Roman Catholic Church 250 Aka, M. Moise (Ivory Coast), UN Mission: Dey Ould Sidi Baba (Morocco); Mandel Pio Carrea (Brazil) 837 Akashi, Yasushi (UN Sec-Gen's special rep. to Bosnia) 1116 Akashi , Yasushi - UN Sec.Gen Rep.; Co-Chairmen of the ICFY Steering Committee 845 Akashi, Yasushi (UN Sec-Gen special rep.); UNPROFAR officials; Commander in Chief of NATO Command 848 Akashi, Yasushi (UN special rep); Vitali Churkin (Russian special rep.); Charles Redman (US special rep.); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM) 850 Akashi, Yasushi (UN special rep.); Lt.Gen. Sir Michael Rose (UN Commander); Gen. Bertrand de Lapresle (military head of the UN Protection forces) 853 Akashi, Yasushi (UN special rep); Lt.Gen. Sir Michael Rose (UN commander) 857 Akashi, Yasushi (UN special rep); Lt.Gen. Sir Michael Rose (UN commander); UN officials 952 Akashi, Yasushi (UN special rep.); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM); later Robert Fraser (US "Contact Group" delegate) and Aleksander Zlotov (Russian "Contact Group" delegate) 175 Alatas, Ali, Indonesian Foreign Minister 737 Alatas, Ali (Indonesian FM); Indonesian officials 739 Alatas, Ali (Indonesian FM); Indonesian officials; ICO officials 356 Alatas, Ali (Indonesian FM); Edige, Adice (France) 355 Alatas, Ali (Indonesian FM); Roland Dung, (French FM) 798 Alatas, Ali (indonesian FM); Gareth Evans (Australian FM) 983 Alatas, Ali (Indonesian FM); Wiryono Sastrohandoyo (Indonesia's ambassador to the Philippines); ICO and Indonesian officials 734 Algeria; Burkina Faso; France 282 Algerian mediation team (unspecified) 37 Algeria/Morocco arbitration commission 332 Algerian/Iranian mediators (unspecified) 581 Algeria; Libya; Mauritania 1045 Algerian and Mauritanian observers; de Cuellar, Javier Perez, UN Sec.Gen 688 Ali, Dr. Sardar Aseff Ahmed (Pakistani FM) 652 Ali, Dr. Muhammed (Pakistani PM); Sir Zafrulla Khan (Pak. FM) 794 Ambassadors from Spain, Chile, Venezuela 100 Amin, Idi (Uganda) President 43 Amir of Kuwait 142 ANAD - North African defence agreement countries 855 Andreev, Viktor (UN Senior Civil Affairs Officer); Lt.Gen. Sir Michael Rose (UN Commander) 662 Andrianarhinjah, Mr. Xavier Michel, Speaker of Madagascar's Assembly and leader of Malagasy delegation; Mr. R.C. Remi, Malagasy FM 286 Angola; South Africa; Cuba (unspecified) 202 Angola/UN (unspecified) 711 Annan, Kofi (UN Chief of Peacekeeping in Somalia) 419 Aptidon, President Hassan Gouled, (Nigeria) 569 Arab League/USA 1121 Arab League Four-Man Committee (Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Sudan) 1034 Arab League Five Nation Committee 335 Arab League Committee chaired by Shaikh Sabah al Ahmad as Sabah, Kuwaiti FM 33 Arab League Commission of mediation/conciliation

88 Arab League Conference of Foreign Ministers 1124 Arab League Council 1029 Arab League Council Chairman; Abdul-Khaleq, Hassouna (Egypt), Arab League Sec.Gen. 1063 Arab League; Jonah, James, UN Under Sec.Gen. for Special Political Affairs and haed of delegation; UN, OAU Oragnisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) 567 Arab League; Dr. El-Kholy 318 Arab League Mediation Committee: Foreign Ministers of Saudi 377 Arab League Political Committee (Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen) 265 Arab League (unspecified); Arafat (PLO); Shaikh as Sabah (Kuwait) 338 Arab League Delegation (Assistant Sec-Gen Lakhdar al Ibrahim, Ahmed Abdel Aziz Jassem - Kuwaiti Ambassador to Syria) 86 Arab League (unspecified) 535 Arab League follow-up Committee; Mr. Khaddam, Syrian FM 1067 Arab League; Kouyaté, Lansana, Sec.Gen. special rep; OIC; OAU 339 Arab League "troika" Committee on Lebanon: King Aziz of Saudi Arabia; King Hassan (Morocco); President Benjedid (Algeria) 496 Arab League Committee meeting: FM’s of Suadi Arabia, Lebanon, Syria, Kuwait, Algeria 404 Arab League "technical committee" (unspecified) 456 Arab Maghreb Union delegation: reps. from Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya 385 Arab Observer Cease fire Mission (ACOM) 265 Arafat (PLO), Arab League (unspecified), Shaikh as Sabah (Kuwait) 299 Arafat, Yassir (PLO) 659 Aram, Mr. Abbas (Persian Foreign Minister) 239 Aref, Abdul Salam (Iraqi President); President Ben Bella (Algeria) 155 Arias, Oscar Sanchez (Costa Rica President) 733 Ariyaratne, Tudor (leader of Sarvodaya movement - an aid organisation); Kenneth Fernando (Anglican bishop of Colombo) 268 Arnault, Jean (UN mediator) 959 Arsenis, Yerasimos (Greek National Defence Minister); Karolos Papoulias (Greek FM) 721 Asamoah, Obed (Ghanian FM); Baba Gana Kingibe (Nigerian FM) 719 Asamoah, Obed (Ghanian FM); Trevor Gordon-Sommers (UN envoy); Jimmy Carter 116 ASEAN Conference 1126 ASEAN; Waldheim, Dr. (UN Sec-gen.) 636 Ashmore, Mr. Harry; Mr. William Baggs (American journalists) 503 Ash-Shaar, Mr. Farouq (Syrian FM); President Assad of Syria 312 Assad (President of Syria) 331 Assad (President of Syria), Vice President Khaddam (Syria) 503 Assad, President (Syria); Mr. Farouq Ash-Shaar (Syrian FM) 96 Atherton Jr, Alfred (US) Ass Sec of State, Near East 624 Atlee, Mr.; President Truman; UN Kashmir Commission 725 Auret, Mr. Derek (Senior South African official) 974 Aushev, Ruslan (Ingush President) 678 Austee, Margaret (Head of UN Mission to Angola); Dr. Marrack Goulding, Head of UN Mission to Angola 764 Austee, Margaret (UN special rep. to Angola) 765 Austee, Margaret (UN rep.); USA; Russia; Portugal; OAU 517 Austria, Sweden, Yugoslavia, and Switzerland 220 Averez, President Luis Alberto Monge of Costa Rica 356 Avice, Edwige (France), Ali Alatas 408 Azhavi, President Al (Sudan); OAU special committee 328 Aziz, Prince Abdullah bin Abdu (Saudi Crown Prince); Prince Bandar bin Sultan (Saudi Ambassador to US); Mr. Rafiq al Harirri (Lebanese Businessman) 339 Aziz, King (Saudi Arabia); King Hassan (Morocco); President Benjedid (Algeria) - as Arab League "troika" Committee on Lebanon 376 Aziz, Prince Sultan ibn Abdul (Saudi Defence Minister) 311 Aziz, Mr.Tareq (Iraqi Information Minister), Mr. Ali Ghannam (Iraq) 327 al Faisal, Prince Saud (Saudi Foreign Minister) 668 al Jabir, Sheikh Sabah al Ahmed (Kuwaiti FM) 875 al-Bereqdar, Mohammed Said (Assistant Sec-Gen for military affairs and leader of Arab League delegation) 232 al-Ghabid, Hamid (Sec-Gen of the Islamic Conference Organisation) 694 al-Ghabid, Hamid (ICO Sec-Gen); Iran; ICO - reps. from Iran, Pakistan, Tunisia) 326 al-Harirri, Mr. Rafiq (Lebanese businessman); Prince Bandar bin Sultan (Saudi Ambassador to US); Mr. McFarlane (US special presidential envoy) 328 al-Harirri, Mr. Rafiq (Lebanese Businessman); Prince Bandar bin Sultan (Saudi Ambassador to US); Prince Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz (Saudi Crown Prince) 872 al-Nuami, Rashid Abdullah (UAE FM); Badr Hamman (Egyptian Assistant FM); Safwat Sharif (Egyptian Information Minister) 884 al-Qassimi, Sheikh Sultan bin Mohammed (leader of Sharjah - UAE) 873 al-Rawden, Maj-Gen Id Kamil (Assistant to the Jordanian Joint Chief of Staff); Sharif Zayd bin Shakir (Chief of the Royal Hashemite Court - Jordon); Dr. Khalidal-Karaki (Adviser to King Hussein) 885 al-Sabah, Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmed al-Jaber (Kuwaiti FM) 882 al-Sabah, Sheikh Saad al-Abdullah (Kuwait Crown Prince and PM) 1000 al-Shara, Farouq (Syrian FA Minister); Abdel-Halim Khaddam (Syrian Vice-President); Pres. Mubarak (Egypt) 547 al-Turki, Abdullah bin Abd al-Muhisin (Leader of Saudi delegation and King Fahd's special emissary) 85 al-Yafi, Dr Salim, ass sec general Arab League; reps of Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Syria, and Kuwait 351 Babangida, President Ibrahim (Nigeria); President Moussa Troare (Mali); President Omar Bongo (Gabon and OAU mediator); President Chadli Bendjedid (Algeria) 1133 Babangida, President of Nigeria 473 Babangida, President Ibrahim (Nigeria - as OAU Chairman) 250 Baba, Dey Ould Sidi (Morocco); Mandel Pio Carrea (Brazil); M. Moise Aka (Ivory Coast), as UN Mission

636 Baggs, Mr. William; Mr. Harry Ashmore (American journalists) 320 Baker, James (US Secretary of State) 330 Baker, James (US Sec of State); Edward Shevardnadze (USSR FM) 524 Baker, James (US Sec. of State); EC Foreign Ministers 686 Bakr, Dr. Ibrahim Salih (special envoy of the Sec-Gen of the ICO) 1142 Balladur, E. (PM of France) 716 Banana, Rev. Canaan (OAU envoy); Abass Bundu (Executive Secretary of Ecowas); President Nicephore Soglo (Benin); Trevor Gordon-Sommers (UN envoy) 715 Banana, Rev. Canaan (OAU envoy); James Jonah (UN Under Sec-Gen); President Nicephore Soglo (Benin) 39 Bandaranaike, PM of Ceylon 484 Bandari, Mr. Romesh (Indian Foriegn Secretary) 907 Baqar, Ibrahim (Assistant Sec-Gen of the ICO) and leader of three-man ICO team 752 Barannikov, Viktor (Russian Security Minister); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM); Boris Pastukhov (Russian Deputy FM) 462 Barbados (unspecified) 551 Baril, Maj.Gen. Joseph Maurice (UN Military adviser in Rwanda to Sec.Gen.); Igbal Riza (UN special envoy to Rwanda and Ass.Sec.Gen for Peacekeeping Operations)) 83 Barreh, Siyad (Somalia) President 501 Barreh, President Siyad (Somalia); Mr. Ekangaki, OAU Sec.Gen. 170 Barroso, Jose Durao, Secretary of State (Portugal) 193 Barr, Canon Burgess; Mr Leopold Niilus (WCC Reps) 821 Bartholomew, Reginald (US special envoy to the former Yugoslavia) 822 Bartholomew, Reginald (US envoy); Cyrus Vance; Lord Owen; Thorvald Stoltenberg (UN mediator replacing Cyrus Vance) 468 Bayih, Mr. Berham (Ethiopian Foriegn Minister) 256 Bearogvi, PM (Guinea); President Eyadema (Togo); President Kountche (Niger); President Senghor (Senegal); Eteki Mboumosa (OAU Sec-Gen); Arteh Ghalib (Somalian Secretary of State) : OAU Mediation Commission 237 Beck Fris, Baron Johan (Sweden) Retired Diplomat and UN appointed 29 Beeley, Harold, UK superintending Under-Sec of State; Robert Murphy, US deputy Under-Secretary of State 495 Belaunde, President (Peru) 239 Bella, Ben (President of Algeria), and Aref, Abdul Salam (Iraqi President) 924 Belo, Dom Ximeves (Bishop of Dili) 925 Beltran, Nel (Roman Catholic Bishop of Sincelejo) 533 Bendjedid, Col. Chadli (President of Algeria) 351 Bendjedid, President Chadhli (Algeria); President Moussa Troare (Mali); President Omar Bongo (Gabon and OAU mediator); President Ibrahim Babangida (Nigeria) 339 Bendjedid, President (Algeria); King Aziz (Saudi Arabia); King Hassan (Morocco) as Arab League "troika" Committee on Lebanon 859 Bentegeat, Col. (Gen. Quesnot's deputy); Gen. Christian Quesnot (Pres. Mitterand's personal military chief of staff); Jean- Marc Rochereau de la Sabliere (Head of the French Foriegn Ministry's Africa Dept.); Bruno Delaye (Mitterrand's Africa adviser) 75 Bergus, Donald (US) rep in Egypt; Michael Steiner (US) head of Egyptian section of State Department 17 Bernadotte, Count, UN mediator in Palestine 307 Bertoli, Cardinal Paolo (Papal Emissary) 767 Beye, Alioune Blondin (UN special rep. to Angola) 772 Beye, Alioune Blondin (UN rep.); USA; Russia; Portugal 770 Beye, Alioune Blondin (UN rep.); USA; Gen. Chris Garuba (UN military observer head) 776 Beye, Alioune Blondin (UN rep.): Edmund DeJarnette (US envoy); Laurie Stack (US Department for African Affairs) 896 Beye, Alioune Blondin (UN rep.); Paul Hare (US special rep. to Angola) 898 Beye, Alioune Blondin (UN rep.); President Mobutu (Zaire); Amara Essy (Ivory Coast FM) 899 Beye, Alioune Blondin (UN rep.); President Frank Chiluba (Zambia) 731 Bhuddist monk; Catholic bishops of Malaysia and the Philipines 960 Bildt, Carl (former Swedish PM and new EU mediator replacing Lord Owen) 961 Bildt, Carl (EU mediator); Thorvald Stoltenberg (UN mediator) 962 Bildt, Carl (EU mediator); Richard Holbrooke (US Assistant Sec. of State); other "Contact Group" rep.s. 963 Bildt, Carl (EU mediator); Richard Holbrooke (U Ass. Sec. of State); Igor Ivanov (Russian First deputy FM) 987 Bildt, Carl (EU mediator); Igor Ivanov; "Contact Group"; Warren Christopher; Richard Holbrooke 509 Bitar, Mr. (Syrian Premier); Pres. Nkrumah of Ghana 913 Bjurner, Anders (Swedish diplomat) and Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian deputy FM) - co-chairmen and leaders of OSCE delegation 14 Black, Eugene (President, World Bank) 634 Bodnaras, Mr. Emil, leader of Rumanian delegation 409 Bolivian Jesuit Priest (unspecified) 986 Bolshakov, Aleksey (Russian deputy PM); Boris Pastukhov 945 Bolshakov, Aleksey (Russian deputy PM); Boris Pastukhov (Russian Deputy FM); Felix Kovalev (Russian ambassador at large) 513 Bomboko, M. Justin (Congolese Foriegn Minister) 254 Bomboko, Justin (Congo-Kinshasa FM); Mr. Murumbi (Kenyan Vice-President); Mr. John Williams (Sierra Leone Minister of Information), as OAU Mission 516 Bongo, President Omar (Gabon) 157 Bongo, President (Gabon and Chair of OAU ad hoc Committee); Heads of state of Algeria, Cameroon, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal 351 Bongo, President Omar (Gabon and OAU mediator); President Moussa Troare (Mali); President Ibrahim Babangida (Nigeria); President Chadli Bendjedid (Algeria) 663 Bongo, Mr. Martin (FM of Gabon); President Bongo (Gabon) 663 Bongo, President (Gabon); Mr. Martin Bongo, FM of Gabon 149 Booh-Booh, Jaques-Roger (UN Sec-Gen's special rep. in Rwanda) 515 Booh-Booh, Jaques-Roger (UN special rep.); Salim Ahmed Salim (OAU Sec-Gen); John Malecela (Tanzanian PM); Pres. Ali Hassan Mwinyi (Tanzania) 394 Bordering countries plus Senegal, Benin, Congo, Liberia 393 Bordering countries: Nigeria, Libya, Cameroon, Sudan, Niger, Central African Republic

691 Borujerdi, Ala'uddin (Iranian Deputy FM) 288 Boschuritz, Rudy (envoy of President Bush) 154 Botha, R.F. "Pik" (South African Foreign Minister) 677 Botha, R.F. "Pik" (South African FM); President de Klerk 1047 Botha, R.F. "Pik" (South African FM); Mugabe, Pres. (Zimbabwe) head of OAU Mediating Group 508 Bourguiba, President (Tunisia) 427 Boutros-Ghali, Dr. Boutros (UN Secretary-General) 745 Boutros-Ghali, Dr. Boutros; Eric Jensen (Head of MINURSO) 527 Boutros-Ghali, Dr. Boutros; John Major (UK); USA; Germany; EC 521 Boutros-Ghali, Dr. Boutros (UN Sec-Gen); Cyrus Vance 530 Boutros-Ghali, Dr. Boutros; Lord Owen, Cyrus Vance 697 Boutros-Ghali, Dr. Boutros; UN officials 1017 Boutros-Ghali; Dr. Boutos; UN Security Council. 1018 Boutros-Ghali; Dr. Boutros; UN Security Council; Joe Clark (UN special rep to Cyprus). 699 Boutros-Ghali, Dr. Boutros; Pres. Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia) 1055 Boutros-Ghali, Dr. Boutros, UN Sec.Gen.; UN Observer Mission in EL Salvador (ONUSAL) 1071 Brahimi, Lakhdar, Brahimi; UN Fact Finding Mission to Liberia 647 Bramuglia, Dr. (President of the UN Security Council); China, Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Syria, Colombia 648 Bramuglia, Dr.; Mr. Trygvie Lie (UN Sec-Gen); Dr. Evatt, President of UN General Assembly 519 Brazil, Honduras, Mexico, Venezuela, USA 04 Britain (UK) (unspecified) 48 Britian (UK)/USA (unspecified) 374 Britian (UK)/USA/France (unspecified) 1013 British and Canadian officials; Niwetz,Mr. Matthew (Concellor UN State Dept). 218 Broadbent, Mr. Edward, Vice President Socialist International 210 Brockway, Lord; Mr. James Griffiths (Committee for Peace in Nigeria) 849 Broek, Hans van den (EU External Political Affairs Commissioner); Alaine Juppe (French FM); Vitali Churkin (Russian FM); Warren Christopher (US Sec. of State); FMs from Britain, Germany, Greece and Belgium; Dr. Owen; Thorvald Stoltenberg 325 Broek, Hans Vanden, Netherland's FM; EC FMs; US State Dept. 835 Broek, Hans van den (EU External Political Affairs Commissioner); EU Foriegn Ministers; Thorvald Stoltenberg; Lord Owen; Willy Claes (Belgium FM) 511 Brosio, Signor Maulio (Secretary General of NATO 313 Brown, Dean (US Special Envoy) 64 Brown, George (UK) Foreign Secretary 920 Brown, Sam (Ambassador to OSCE Minsk Group); Joseph Presel (US emissary to OSCE Minsk Group) 749 Brunner, Mr. Edouard (personal rep. to the UN Sec-Gen) 758 Brunner, Mr. Edouard (UN rep.); Felix Kovalev (Russian foreign ministry official) 755 Brunner, Mr. Edouard (UN rep.); Boris Pastukhov (Russian Deputy FM); UN officials 759 Brunner, Mr. Edouard (UN rep.); Georgy Kondrutev (Russian deputy Defence minister) 761 Brunner, Mr. Edouard (UN rep.); Russia 942 Brunner, Mr. Edouard (UN rep.); OSCE 762 Brunner, Mr. Edouard (UN rep.); Felix Kovalev (Russian foreign ministry official); CSCE 763 Brunner, Mr. Edouard (UN rep.); Boris Pastukhov (Russian Deputy FM); CSCE 943 Brunner, Mr. Edouard (UN rep.); Boris Pastukhov (Russian deputy FM); Felix Kovalev (Russian ambassador at large) 941 Brunner, Mr. Edouard (UN rep.); CIS delegation led by Vadim Gustov (Head of the Federation Council Commission for CIS) 644 Brunsson, Col. (UN Chief Observer); Belgian Consul-chairman of the UN Truce Commission 769 Brynn, Ambassador Edward; Robert Cabelly (leaders of US delegation) 274 Bugnihi, Mgr. Annibale; Papal Mission 72 Bull, General Odd, Chief of Staff UN Truce Supervision Orgn. 1012 Bunche, Dr. Ralph (UN Under-Sec),.Hammerskjld Dag; 18 Bunche, Dr R., UN mediator 716 Bundu, Abass (Executive Secretary of ECOWAS); Rev. Canaan Banana OAU envoy); Pres. Nicephore Solo (Benin); Trevor Gordon-Somers (UN envoy) 248 Bunker, Ellesworth (USA); Dr. Ilmar Penna Marinho (Brazil); Ramon de Clairmont Dueres (El Salvador), OAS Mediation Committee 32 Bunker, Ellsworth (US) ex diplomat 734 Burkina Faso; France; Algeria 235 Burns, Maj-Gen., ; Dag Hammarskjold, UN Sec-Gen 231 Burns, Major General (UN Chief of Staff, Truce Supervision Org.) 676 Bush, President; Vice-President Dan Quale 347 Bush, George (President of USA) 769 Cabelly, Robert; Ambassador Edward Brynn (leaders of US delegation) 194 Caffery, Mr Jefferson, US Ambassador to Cairo 94 Cairo Preparatory Conference 101 Callaghan, Mr. James (UK) Foreign Minister 673 Callaghan, Mr. James (UK Foreign and Commonwealth Secretary); Dr. Kurt Waldheim; Mr. N. Lunkov (Soviet Ambassador in London) 1016 Camilon, Oscar (UN special rep. To Cyprus). 640 Canada 1013 Canadian and British officials Mr. Matthew Niwetz (Concellor UN State Dept). 280 Capucci, Mgr.Hilarian (former Greek Catholic Archbishop of Jerusalem); Mgr. John Nolan, Papal Secretary to the Holy Land 795 Caramagna, Dr. Sergio (OAS International Commission of Support and Verification (CIAV-OAS) representative) 796 Caramagna, Dr. Sergio (CIAV-OAS rep. and OAS mission leader); Church officials including Mgr Eddy Montenegro (Vicar of Managua) 1006 Cardoso, President Fernando Henrique (Brazil) 250 Carrea, Mandel Pio (Brazil); Dey Ould Sidi Baba (Morocco); M. Moise Aka (Ivory Coast) - UN Mission

188 Carrington, Lord (UK); later EC rep. 525 Carrington, Lord (EC Mediator); Jose Cutileiro (Portuguese diplomat and EC mediator) 93 Carter, Jimmy (US president/ private individual) 613 Carter, President; Cyrus Vance; Dr. Kurt Waldheim 719 Carter, Jimmy; Trevor Gordon-Sommers (UN envoy); Obed Asamoah (Ghanian FM) 887 Carter, Jimmy; Gen. Colin Powell (former US armed forces Chief of Staff) 985 Carter, Jimmy; Archbishop Desmond Tutu; Julius Nyrere (former Tanzanian President) 606 Carver, Lord (British Resident Commissioner-designate); Liet.Gen. Penn Chand, UN special representative in Rhodesia 150 Castro, Feidel (in capacity of Chair of Non aligned Movement) 1134 Catholic Church (Afrain representatives?) 223 Catholic Church, El Salvador (unspecified) 580 Counseil de l’Entente (CDE - African Heads of State) 679 Counseil de l’Entente (CDE - African Heads of State) and Union Africanine et Malgache (UAM) - France and West African governments 441 Cetin, Hikmet (Turkish Foreign Minister) 804 Cetin, Hikmet (Turkish FM); Pres. Leonid Kravchuk (Ukraine); Edouard Sheverdnadze (Pres. of Georgia) 639 Ceylon 429 Chalker, Baroness, leader of EC delegation 933 Chambas, Mohammed Ibn (Ghana's deputy FM and mediator) 910 Chan, Raymond (Canadian junior FM and Secretary of State for Asia-Pacific) 606 Chand, Lt-Gen Penn (UN special rep in Rhodesia); Lord Carver (British Resident Commissioner-designate) 138 Chatti, Sec-Gen of ICO and ICO team leader 583 Cheysson, M. Claude (French Foriegn Minister) 214 Chidambaram, Mr. P., Mr K. Natwarsingh, personal emissaries to Mr Gandhi (India) 775 Chiluba, President Frank (Zambia) 773 Chiluba, President Frank (Zambia); Zambian delegation 910 Chiluba, President Frank (Zambia); Blondin Beye (UN special rep.) 789 China 228 Chiribogan, Jose (Ecuador); John Drier (USA); Fernando Lobo (Brazil); Loius Quintanilla (Mexico); Guillermo Vallodo (Paraguay) - OAS Team 542 Choonhaven, Maj.Gen. Chatichai (PM of Thailand) 01 Christian, General, CinC, NEI 766 Christopher, Warren; Geoffrey Davidow (African Affairs specialist US State Dept.) 841 Christopher, Warren (US Sec. of State); Charles Redman (US special rep.); Stephen Oxman (US Ass. Sec. of State); other US officials 849 Christopher, Warren (US Sec. of State); Vitali Churkin (Russian rep.); Hans van den Broek (EU External Political Affairs Commissioner); Alaine Juppe (French FM); FMs from Britain, Germany, Greece, and Belgium; Dr. Owen; Thorvald Stoltenberg 971 Christopher, Warren (US Sec. of State); with Roberts Owne and Chris Hill (US senior officials) in Sarajevo 987 Christopher, Warren (US Sec of State); Richard Holbrooke; "Contact Group"; Carl Bildt; Igor Ivanov 336 Church Officials (unspecified) 820 Churkin, Vitaly (Russian special rep. to the former Yugoslavia) 825 Churkin, Vitaly (Russian special rep.); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM); USA; UN 846 Churkin, Vitaly (Russian rep.); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM) 847 Churkin, Vitaly (Russian rep.); Peter Galbraith (US Ambassador to Croatia); UN and EU officials 848 Churkin, Vitaly (Russian rep.); Charles Redman (US special rep.); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM); Yasushi Akashi (UN special rep.) 849 Churkin, Vitaly (Russian rep.); Warren Christopher (US Sec. of State); Hans van den Broek (EU External Political Affairs Commissioner); Alaine Juppe (French FM); FMs from Britain, Germany, Greece, and Belgium; Dr. Owen; Thorvald Stoltenberg 290 CIAV (IN Commission for Support and Verification), OAS/UN 809 CIS Interparliamentary Assembly; Russia's foreign ministry; Aaland Peace Institute; Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian deputy FM) 814 CIS Interparliamentary Mission led by Kyrgyz Parliament Chairman Medetkan Sherimkulov 828 Claes, Willy (EC peace envoy and Belgian FM) 832 Claes, Willy (Belgian FM); Lord Owen; Thorvald Stoltenberg; EU Minister's Meeting 835 Claes, Willy (Belgium FM); Lord Owen; Thorvald Stoltenberg; Hans van den Broek (EU External Political Affairs Commissioner); EU FMs 249 Clarizo, Mgr.Emanuele (Papal Nuncio) and UN Observer Team (Unspecified) 243 Clarizo, Mgr. Emanuele (Papal Nuncio in Santo Domingo) 1020 Clark, Joe (UN special rep. To Cyprus). 1018 Clarke, Joe (UN special rep to Cyprus).Boutros-Ghali; UN Security Council. 788 Clarke, Mr. Kenneth (British Home Secretary) 273 Clarke, Mr. Ramsey (former US Attorney General); Mr. William Millar (US Senate Committee on Intelligence) - leaders of individual/US deputation 968 Clarke, Gen. Wesley; Richard Holbrooke (US Ass. Sec. of State); Robert Frasure; Nelson Drew; Joseph Kruzel - Frasure, Drew, Kruzel replaced by Roberts Owen, Brig-Gen Donald Kerrick, James Pardew after their deaths 617 Clark, Mr. William; Dr. C. Crocker; Mr. E. Abrams (US Mission) 476 Clifford, Mr. Mark (former US Defence Secretary and special envoy to Pres. Carter 133 Cochran, Mark (US) rep on UN Indonesia Committee 181 Cohen, Herman (US Assistant Secretary of State) 471 Cohen, Herman; OAU (unspecified) 269 Colombian and Venezuelan Presidents (unspecified) 810 Commander of Russian forces in the Transcaucuses 372 Commonwealth Secretariat (unspecified) 11 Commonwealth Prime Ministers 736 Compaore, President (Burkina Faso); Burkinabe envoys

929 Compaore, President (Burkina Faso); Amara Essy (Ivory Coast FM); Gen. Sani Abacha (Nigerian Head of State); President Jerry Rawlings (Ghana) 490 Congolese officials 953 "Contact Group": senior reps. of Russia, USA, Britain, France, Germany - mediating in Bosnia 949 "Contact Group" reps.; Richard Holbrooke; William Perry 200 "Contact Group"/Kurt Waldheim, UN Secretary General 199 "Contact Group", Britain, Canada, France, West Germany, USA 140 Contadora group, foreign ministers of Mexico, Columbia, Venezuela, Panama 1118 Contradora Group and Pres. Arias Sanchez 206 Conway, Mgr Dominic; Mgr Georges Rochan (Papal Mission) 119 Coordinating Bureau of the Non Aligned Countries; mediation Committee; Foriegn Ministers of Malaysia, Cuab, India, Pakistan, Yugoslavia, Zambia, PLO 466 Cordovez, Diego (UN under Sec-Gen) 151 Cordovez, Diego, Under Sec.Gen. of U.N. (special envoy to Afghanistan) 827 Cot, Gen. Jean (UNPROFAR Commander); Gen. Phillipe Morillon 114 Crocker, Dr. Chester, (US) Ass Sec of State for African Affairs 617 Crocker, Dr. Chester; Mr. William Clark; Mr. E. Abrams (US Mission) 1024 Crosi, Bettini (Itlaian PM). 603 Crosland, Mr. (UK); Mr. Rowlands 322 CSCE (Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe) 1140 CSCE leader 1141 CSCE (Turkey rep.) 1094 5 Member CSCE Fact Finding Mission led by Von Schwarzenberg and including a UK official 1093 9 Member CSCE delegation led by Karel Johannes Von Schwarzenberg (Czech) 1101 CSCE 51 Nation Summit 1095 CSCE Committee meeting (senior officals) 1104 CSCE Conference Forum 1103 CSCE mediator (Italian offical - unspecified) 1099 CSCE reps; Iran Deputy FM Mahmoud Vaezi, Iran President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani 1097 CSCE Summit reps (with USA, Turkey and others in the forum) 1092 CSCE Minsk Group (chair Mario Raffaelli) 324 CSCE/EC "trioka" (unspecified) 808 CSCE; Italy 1135 CSCE; Russia 555 Cuartas, President Belisario Betancur (Colombia) 286 Cuba; Angola; South Africa (unspecified) 525 Cutileiro, Jose (Portuguese diplomat, EC mediator); Lord Carrington 522 Cutileiro, Jose (EC Mediator) 816 Dallaire, Maj.Gen. Romeo (UN Commander in Rwanda); UNAMIR officials 817 Dallaire, Maj.Gen. Romeo (UN Commander in Rwanda); Shaharyar Khan Mohammed (UN special rep. to Rwanda) 738 Damarsk, Pieter, and Mohammed Mohsin (ICO reps. of the Ministerial Committee) 622 Damaskinos, Archbishop (Greece) 558 Damas, Mgr Rivera y; Dr. Ignacio Ellacuria, the Jesuit rector of the Central American University 222 Damas, Archbishop Mgr Arturo Rivera y (El Salvador) 350 Davidow, Jeffrey (US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State) 766 Davidow, Jeffrey (African Affairs specialist, US State Dept.); Warren Christopher (US Sec. of State) 609 Davies, Mr. John (Conservative Spokesman in the House of Commons on Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs 361 Davis, Nathaniel P. (US Ambassador to Costa Rica) 863 Dean, Margaret (Director of US State Dept's Arabian Peninsular Office); Arthur Hughes (US Ambassador) 461 Debarge, Marcel (French Minister Delegate for Cooperation and Development) 859 Delaye, Bruno (Pres. Mitterand's Africa adviser); Gen. Christian Quesnot (Pres. Mitterand's personal military chief of staff); Col. Bentegeat (Gen. Quesnot's deputy); Jean-Marc Rochereau de la Sabliere (Head of French Foreign Ministry's Africa Dept) 927 Denmark; Netherlands 627 Devers, Gen. (Dr. Graham's military adviser); Dr. Frank Graham 890 Dhama, U Rewatta (Bhuddist monk) 972 Diallo, Salif (Burkinabe Minister and mediator); French and Algerian mediators 543 Dibnama, Maj-Gen Timothy (Ghana), leader of four-member UN fact-finding mission 1098 Dienstbier, Jiri (Czech FM), CSCE chairman, 434 Dijoud, Paul (Director for African and Malagasy Affairs at the French Foreign Ministry 240 Diori, President M.Hamani (Niger), Pres. Tubman (Liberia); Pres. Keita (Mali) 367 Diori, M.Hamani (President of Niger) 493 Diouf, President (Senegal - as Chairman of OAU) 463 Diria, Ahmed Hassan (Tanzanian Minister of Foriegn Affairs and International Relations) 215 Dixit, Mr.; Mr. Gandhi (India) 486 Dixit, Mr.(Indian Ambassador to Sri Lanka); Indian Gov't Ministers 10 Dixon, Sir Owen (Australia) Judge of Australian High Court 420 Djibouti (unspecified); Reps. of governments from the region 437 Doioudy, Dr., (rep. of UN Sec.Gen.) 238 Dorsinville, M.Max (UN Rep.) 858 Dossou, Robert (Benin FM); Pres. Nicephore Soglo (Benin) as current ECOWAS President 685 Dostum, General Abdul Rashid (Afghan warlord) 497 Draper, Mr. Morris; Mr. G. Shultz; Mr. Habib 158 Draper, Morris, Chief U.S. Negotiator in Lebanon 968 Drew, Nelson (US National Security Aide); Robert Frasure; Richard Holbrooke (US Ass. Sec. of State); Joseph Kruzel (deputy Ass. Sec. of State); Gen. Wesley Clarke - Frasure, Drew, Kruzel replaced after their deaths by Roberts Owen, Brig-Gen Donald Kerrick, James Pardew

228 Drier, John (USA); Jose Chiribogan (Ecuador); Fernando Lobo (Brazil); Louis Quintanilla (Mexico); Guillermo Vallodo (Paraguay) - OAS Team 248 Dueres, R. de Clairmont (El Salvador); Ellesworth Bunker (USA); Dr. Ilmar Penna Marinho (Brazil) - OAS Mediation Committee 195 Dulles, John F., US Secretary of State 540 Dumas, Roland (French Foriegn Minister) 355 Dung, Roland (French Foreign Minister), Ali Alatas (Indonesian Foreign Minister 544 Dunxin, Xu (Chinese Vice-Minister of Foriegn Affairs) 278 Duval, Cardinal Leon Etienne (Archbishop of Algiers) 301 Dymally, Merugn (US Congressman) 967 de Charette, Herve (French FM) 560 de Cuellar, Perez; Alvaro de Soto, personal rep. to Perez de Cuellar 113 de Cueller, Perez, UN Sec General 1041 de Cuellar, Javier Perez - UN Special Rep. 1045 de Cuellar, Javier Perez, UN Sec.Gen; Algerian and Mauritanian observers 776 de Jarnette, Edmund (US envoy); Laurie Stack (US Dept. For African Affairs); Alioune Blondin Beye (UN rep. to Angola) 587 de Klerk, President (South Africa); President Mugabe 677 de Klerk, President; R.F. "Pik" Botha 850 de Lapresle, Gen. Bertrand (military head of the UN Protection Forces); Yasushi Akashi UN special rep.); Lt.Gen Sir Michael Rose (UN Commander) 851 de Mello, Sergio (UN Civil Affairs Chief) 309 de Murville, M.Maurice Couve (French rep.) 651 de Ribbing, Mr. Herbert (UN Observer appointed by UN Sec.Gen.) 1105 de Ribbing, Herbert, Special rep. of UN Sec.Gen Dag Hammarskjold 230 de Ridder, Col. (UN Chief of Staff in Palestine) 843 de Sedony, Jaques (French rep.); Charles Redman (US special rep.); Ambassador Aleksei Nikiforov (Russia); David Manning (UK); Michael Steiner (Germany); as the "Contact Group" 226 de Soto, Alvaro, UN envoy 560 de Soto, Alvaro (personal rep to P. de Cuellar); Perez de Cuellar 593 de Soto, Alvaro (Ass. Sec-Gen); Dr. Marrack Goulding 654 del Barrio, Archbishop Prospero Penados (Guatemala City) 563 d'Estaing, President Giscard (France) 641 d'Orlandi, Signor Giovanni (former Italian Ambassador in Siagon); Signor Fanfani (Italian Foreign Minister) 635 Eastern European officials; Mr. Chester Ronning, Canadian diplomat 429 EC delegation led by Baroness Chalker 524 EC Foreign Ministers; James Baker (US Sec. of State) 325 EC Foreign Ministers/US State Department/Netherland's Foreign Minister Hans Vanden Broek 319 EC "Troika" Mission of Foreign Ministers - Luxembourg, Italy, Netherlands 324 EC "trioka"/CSCE (unspecified) 531 ECOMOG (ECOWAS peacekeeping force) 932 ECOMOG (ECOWAS peacekeeping force); and UN observers 179 ECOWAS Representatives (unspecified) 532 ECOWAS Mediation Committee 931 ECOWAS Mediation Committee on Liberia: Pres. Jerry Rawlings (Ghana); Gen. Sani Abacha (Nigerian Head of State); Pres. Blaise Compaore (Burkina Faso); Amara Essy (Ivory Coast FM) 302 ECOWAS Presidents and President Houphonet-Boigny (Ivory Coast) 180 ECOWAS Heads of State 934 ECOWAS; UN 546 EEC European Council 727 Edis, Richard (British Ambassador); Denis Jett (US Ambassador); Aldo Ajello (UN rep.); Pres. Mugabe (Zimbabwe); Roman Catholic Church 747 Egeland, Jan (Norwegian Foreign Ministry State Sec.) 252 Egypt (unspecified) 44 Egypt/Saudi Arabia (arbitration team) 317 Egypt, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia (unspecified) 854 Eide, Kai (international mediator); Dr. Owen; Thorvald Stoltenberg; US, EU, and Russian Ambassadors to Croatia 383 Eight man Arab Mission (Gen.Nemery's mission plus 4 more officials) 84 Ekangaki, OAU Sec General 501 Ekangaki, Mr. (OAU Sec-Gen); Pres. Siyad Barreh (Somalia) 811 Eliasson, Jan (Swedish diplomat and new CSCE mediator) 704 Eliasson, Jan (UN Under-Sec.Gen. for Humanitarian Affairs; Pres. Zenawi (Ethiopia); Robert Oakley (US special envoy to Somalia) 812 Eliasson, Jan (Swedish diplomat and CSCE mediatr); Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian Deputy FM) 225 El Salvador Bishops (2, unspecified) 558 Ellacuria, Dr. Ignacio, (Jesuit of the Central American University); Damas, Mgr. Rivera y 316 El-Kholy, Dr.Hassan Sabry (special Arab League envoy) 567 El-Kholy, Dr.; Arab League 564 El-Kholy, Dr.; Maj.Gen. Muhammed Hassan Ghoneim 684 Enders, Mr. Thomas; Alexander Haig (US Sec. of State); Gen. Vernon Walters 602 Ennals, Mr. David (British Minister of State at the Foriegn and Commonwealth Office 660 Envoys of Ghana, Guinea, Morocco, Sudan, UAR, Tunisia 1048 Erskine, General Emmanuel A. (Ghana) - UNTSO Chief of Staff chairing meeting 198 Escher, Dr Alfred Martin, Special Representative to the Secretary General (UN) 171 Espiell, Hector Gros, UN Special Representative 898 Essy, Amara (Ivory Coast FM); Blondin Beye (UN special rep.); Pres. Mobutu (Zaire) 929 Essy, Amara (Ivory Coast FM); Pres. Jerry Rawlings (Ghana); Gen. Sani Abacha (Nigerian Head of State); Pres. Blaise Compaore (Burkina Faso) 421 Ethiopian Government; Eritrean People's Liberation Front

489 Ethiopian, Congolese, and other African mediators 426 Ethiopian Government reps. 1070 Ethiopian government reps.; UNOSOM II reps 777 Ethiopian FM; FMs from Eritrea, Kenya, Uganda 1145 EU unspecified 298 European Community (unspecified)/EC/EE/EU 832 European Union (EU) Minister's Meeting; Willy Claes (Belgium FM); Lord Owen;Thorvald Stoltenberg 1019 EU Foreign Ministers. 1138 EU; UN 1127 EU; Vance, Cyrus; UN 177 Evans, Gareth (Australian Minister of Foreign Affairs)/Indonesia (unspecified) 176 Evans, Gareth (Australian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade) 798 Evans, Gareth (Australian FM); Ali Alatas (Indonesian FM) 227 Evatt, Dr.(UN General Assembly President) and Trygvie Lie (UN Sec-Gen) 648 Evatt, Dr. (President of UN General Assembly); Bramuglia, Dr.; Hr. Trygvie Lie (UN Sec-Gen) 860 Eyadema, President Gnassingbe Eyadema (Togo) 1059 Eyadema, OAU Chairman, Pres. (Togo); Eden Kadjo (OAU Sec.Gen) and Kadjo’s aides 256 Eyadema (President of Togo); President Kountche (Niger); Pres. Senghor (Senegal); PM Bearogvi (Guinea); Eteki Mboumosa (OAU Sec-Gen); Mr. Abdelghani (Algerian rep); Arteh Ghalib (Somali Sec of State) 395 Eyadema, President (Togo); Benin; Togo; Congo; Guinea; President Stevens (Sierra Leone) as Chair of OAU ad hoc Committee on Chad 255 Eyadema (President of Togo), Kountche (President of Niger) 512 Fafall, Senor Bibiano Osorio (U Thant's personal rep. in Nicosia) 147 Fahd, King (Saudi Arabia) 105 Fahd, Crown Prince (Saudi Arabia) 641 Fanfani, Signor (Foriegn Minister of Italy); Signor Giovanni D'Orlandi (former Italian Ambassador in Siagon) 148 Farah, Abdulrahim Abby (UN Under Sec-Gen), Leader of 15-member multi-national technical commission representing the UN and OAU 585 Farah, Mr. Abdulrahim (Under Sec-Gen UN), leader of 3-man UN delegation 291 Farooq Ash Shar (Syrian Foreign Minister) 637 Feinberg, Rabbi Abraham of Toronto; Dr. Ambrose Reeves (former Anglican bishop of Johannesburg); Rev. A.J. Muste (New York Presbyterian Minister) 829 Felin, Brig.Gen. Luis (deputy UN Commander) 730 Fernando, Kenneth (Anglican bishop of Colombo) 732 Fernando, Archbishop Nicholas Marcus (Roman Catholic) and leader of church peace mission 733 Fernando, Kenneth (Anglican bishop of Colombo); Tudor Ariyaratne (leader of Sarvodaya movement - aid organisation) 148 15-member multi-national technical commission representing the UN and OAU, and led by Abdulrahim Abby Farah (UN Under Sec.Gen.) 541 15-member UN fact-finding mission led by Lt-Gen Martin Vadset 883 Filali, Abdellatif (Morocco FM) 213 Five member Government Delegation, India (unspecified) 91 Ford, Gerald (US) President 115 Foreign Ministers of Vietnam, PRK, Laos 792 Foreign Ministers of Central American States 382 Four Man Arab Mission: General Nemery of Sudan; M.Bali Ladgham of Tunisia; Gen. Sadeq of Egypt; Kuwaiti Defence and Foreign Ministers 380 Four man Arab Conciliation Committee (reps from Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Sudan) 543 Four-member UN fact-finding mission headed by Maj.Gen. Timothy Dibnama of Ghana 124 France (unspecified) 1136 France PM 734 France; Algeria; Burkina Faso 358 France/Indonesia/Rep. of UN Secretary General (unspecified) 174 France/Indonesia (unspecified) 125 France, OAU 1023 France; Portugal. 374 France/USA/Britian (UK) (unspecified) 582 France, and other West African Countries 679 France, Union Africanine et Malgache (UAM) and Counseil de l’Entente (CDE - African Heads of State) - France and West African governments 682 Frasure, Mr.; Dr. Kurt Waldheim (UN Sec-Gen); Mr. Peacock; Signor Waispeare 956 Frasure, Robert (US delegate to "Contact Group") 958 Frasure, Robert (US "Contact Group" rep.); later joined by Alexander Zlotov (Russian "Contact Group" rep.) 952 Frasure, Robert (US delegate to "Contact Group"); Alexander Zlotov (Russian delegate to "Contact Group"); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM); Yasushi Akashi 953 Frasure, Robert; Richard Holbrooke; Nelson Drew (US National Security Aide); Joseph Kruzel (deputy Ass. Sec. of State); Gen. Wesley Clarke - Frasure, Drew, Kruzel replaced after their deaths by Roberts Owen, Brig-Gen Donald Kerrick, James Pardew 66 Freeman, John; Sir Morrice James (UK) High Commissioners in India and Pakistan 538 French individual (unspecified) 314 French Mission headed by M.George Gorse 1007 Furno, Cardinal Carlo (Papal envoy) 87 Gaddafi, Mummar (Libya) 453 Gage, Dr. Amadou Karim (Secretary general of the ICO) 847 Galbraith, Peter (US Ambassador to Croatia); Vitali Churkin (Russian special rep.); UN and EU officials 988 Galbraith, Peter (US Ambassador to Croatia); Thorvald Stoltenberg 1064 Gallagher, Robert, head of UN 15 Member Technical Team and assisted by reps. of the OAU, Arab League, and the OIC 215 Gandhi, Mr., Mr Dixit (India)

211 Garba, Brigadier Joseph (Nigeria) 191 Gardiner, Mr Robert (UN Official)/UN Officials (unspecified) 897 Garuba, Gen. Chris (UN military observer mission head) 770 Garuba, Gen. Chris (UN military observer mission head); Alioune Beye (UN special rep. to Angola); USA 1005 Gaviria, Cesar (OAS Chief) 709 Gbeho, Victor (UN special rep. to Somalia) 1009 Geneva Conference: UK- Mr. Eden; USSR- M. Molotov; USA; Siam; China; India. 82 Ghalib, Omar Arteh (Somalia) foreign minister 256 Ghalib, Omar Arteh (Somalian Sec of State); President Eyadema (Togo); President Kountche (Niger); President Senghor (Senegal); PM Bearogvi (Guinea); Eteki Mboumosa (OAU Sec-Gen) : OAU Mediation Commission 928 Ghana 722 Ghana, as ECOWAS chairman; OAU; USA 482 Ghandi, Mrs.; Mr. Parthasarathy 487 Ghandi, Mr. Rajiv; Indian Government Ministers 483 Ghandi, Mr. Rajiv (Indian PM) 481 Ghandi, Mrs Indira (Indian PM) 311 Ghannam, Mr. Ali (Iraq); Mr. Tareq Aziz (Iraqi Information Minister) 564 Ghoneim, Maj-Gen Muhammed Hassan; Dr. el-Kholy 565 Ghoniem, General Hassan (Arab League rep.) 1014 Gobbi, Sr. Hugo (special UN rep. To Cyprus). 71 Goldberg, Arthur (US) rep at UN 348 Goncalves, Mgr. Jaime (Archbishop of Beira); the Vatican; Italian Gov't 926 Gonzalez, Felipe (Spanish PM) 294 Gorbachev, Mikhail (President of USSR) 400 Gorbachev, President and Boris Yeltsin 398 Gordon-Somers, Trevor Livingstone (UN special envoy to Liberia) 718 Gordon-Somers, Trevor (UN envoy); UN; Liberian NGOs 719 Gordon-Somers, Trevor (UN envoy); Jimmy Carter; Obed Asamoah (Ghanian FM) 716 Gordon-Somers, Trevor (UN envoy); Pres. Nicephore Soglo (Benin); Rev. Canaan Banana (OAU envoy); Abass Bundu (Executive Sec of ECOWAS) 430 Gordon-Somers, Trevor (UN envoy); OAU; ECOWAS 314 Gorse, M. George, head of French Mission 678 Goulding, Dr. Marrack (Head of UN Peacekeeping in Angola); Margaret Austee (Head of UN Mission to Angola) 561 Goulding, Marrack (UN Under-Secretary General for Political Affairs) 593 Goulding, Dr. Marrack; Alvaro de Soto, Assistant UN Sec.Gen. 76 Gowan, General (Nigeria); President Senghor (Senegal); President Ahidijo (Cameroon); President Mobutu (Zaire); as OAU fact-finding mission 620 Gracey, Maj.Gen. (British Mediator) 754 Grachev, Pavel (Russian Defence Minister) 608 Graham, Mr. John (Deputy Under-Secretary at the UK Foriegn and Commonwealth Office); Mr. Stephen Low (US Ambassador to Zambia) 12 Graham, Dr Frank P. (US) UN mediator 627 Graham Dr. Frank; Gen. Devers, Dr. Graham's military adviser 98 Gromyko, Andre (USSR) Foreign Minister 90 Gromyko, Andre; Kissinger 909 Group of diplomats from 12 missions in Colombo 270 Guarantor Nations of the 1942 Protocol of Rio de Janeiro: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, USA : With OAS support 77 Guererro, Lorenzo (Nicaraguan FM); Alberto Fuertes Mohr (Guatemalan FM); Fernando Lara (Costa Rican FM); as OAS Team 102 Guicciardi, Vittorio Winspeare, UN Special Envoy 1004 Guinea-Bissau (unspecified) 1139 Guinea-Bissau President 579 Gul, Lt.Gen. Hamid (former Pakistani intelligence chief) 612 Gul. Lt.Gen. Hamid (former Pakistani intelligence chief); Qazi Hussain Ahmed (Pakistani opposition party leader) 190 Gullion, US Ambassador to Leopoldville 941 Gustov, Vadim (Head of the Federation Council Commission for CIS) as CIS delegation leader; Edouard Brunner (UN special rep.) 1042 Guyer, R. (UN observer); UK Foreign Minister 1038 Guyer, R., UN Sec.Gen rep.;UN interim commander UNEF II - Gen. Ensio P.H. Siilasvuo (Finland) and Chiar of Military Working Group of the Geneva Peace Conference 916 Gyarmati, Istvan (rep. of the OSCE chairman) 497 Habib, Mr.; Mr. G. Shultz; Mr. Morris Draper 498 Habib, Mr. (leader of US Delegation); Mr. Shultz 129 Habib, Philip (US) Special Ambassador to the Middle East 1049 Habib, Ambassador Philip, personal rep. to US Presient; UNFIL I rep. (unspecified) 797 Hahn, Philipp (head of CSCE Mission to Moldova) 126 Haig, Alexander (US) Sec of State 684 Haig, Alexander (US Sec of State); Mr. Thomas Enders; Gen. Vernon Walters 616 Haig, Mr. Alexander; President Reagan; US Officials 714 Hala, Ahmed bin (Arab League director of Arab Affairs Public Administration and leader of Arab League delegation) 152 Halefoglu, Vahit (Turkish Foreign Min) 869 Haman, Badr (Egyptian Assistant FM and envoy) 872 Haman, Badr (Egyptian Assistant FM); Safwat Sharif (Egyptian Information Minister); Rashid Abdullah al-Nuami (UAE FM) 1012 Hammerskjld Dag; Dr. Ralphe Bunche (UN Under-Sec). 236 Hammarskjold, Dag. and Dr. Urrutia (Colombian Diplomat) 235 Hammarskjold, Dag. (UN Secretary General) and Maj Gen Burns 661 Hammarskjold, Dr.; M. Mahmoud Khiari, UN deputy chief in Leopoldville 31 Hammerskjold, Dr. Dag, Sec General UN

306 Han, Andrew Mya (Anglican Archbishop - Burma) 217 Hans Jurgen, Herr., special rep. of Socialist International 275 Hansen, G., (US House and Reps.); J. Abourezk (former US Senator) 690 Haqqani, Jalaloddin (head of peace mission to Afghanistan) 896 Hare, Paul (US special rep. to Angola); Blondin Beye (UN special rep. to Angola) 611 Harlech, Lord (Former UK Ambassador) 610 Harlech, Lord, former UK Ambassador; Mr. Hughes (UK PM's personal Emissary); Mr. Stephen Low (US Ambassador to Zambia) 629 Harriman, Mr., (US Ass. Sec. of State); Mr. Sandys 34 Hassounah, Sec General Arab League 1015 Haas,Mr. Richard (UN State Dept. special coordinator for Cyprus). 21 Hassan, Prince M., M. Balafrej, Moroccan Foreign Minister 353 Hassan, King (Morocco) 768 Hassan, King (Morocco); Pres. Nelson Mandela (South Africa); Pres. Felix Houphouet-Boigney (Ivory Coast) 880 Hassan, King (Morocco); Pres. Liamine Zeronal (Algeria) 339 Hassan, King (Morocco); King Aziz (Saudi Arabia); President Benjedid (Algeria); as Arab League "troika" Committee on Lebanon 618 Hawthorn, Maj.Gen. (Commander of Allied Troops in Java) 139 Hayden, Bill (Australia) foreign minister 826 Hayer, Brig.Gen. Vere (UNPROFAR Chief of Staff); Gen. Phillipe Morillon (UNPROFAR Commander) 293 Heath, Edward (former PM of UK) 1008 Hemispheric Security Meeting: USA, Canada, and 32 Latin American and Caribean states 477 Herly, M. Jean (French Ambassador); M. Ian Kovacs (Romanian Ambassador) 740 Hesse, Archbishop Karl (Head of Catholic Bishop's Conference of PNG and Solomons) 323 Hexagonal Central European grouping - (Yugoslavia), Italy, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland 971 Hill, Chris and Roberts Owen (senior US officials in Sarajevo); Warren Christopher (US Sec. of State) 892 Hiranyapruek, Suvicha (Secretary to Thailand's National Security Council Chief) 911 Hodson, Roland (UN Development Programme Humanitarian adviser) 970 Holbrooke, Richard (US Ass. Sec. of State) 949 Holbrooke, Richard (US Ass. Sec. of State); William Perry (US Defence Minister); "Contact Group" reps. 962 Holbrooke, Richard (US Ass. Sec. of State); Carl Bildt (EU mediator); other "Contact Group" reps. 963 Holbrooke, Richard (US Ass. Sec. of State); Carl Bildt (EU mediator); Igor Ivanov (Russian First Deputy FM) 968 Holbrooke, Richard; Robert Fraser; Nelson Drew (US National Security Aide); Joseph Kruzel (deputy Ass. Sec. of State); Gen. Wesley Clarke - Fraser, Drew, Kruzel replaced following their accidental deaths by Roberts Owen, Brig-Gen. Donald Kerrick, James Pardew 987 Holbrooke, Richard; Warren Christopher; "Contact Group"; Carl Bildt; Igor Ivanov 519 Honduras, Mexico, Venezuela, US, Brazil 701 Houdek, Bob (US Deputy Assistant sec. of State for African Affairs) 702 Houdek, Bob (US Deputy Ass. Sec. of State); Pres. Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia) 566 Houghton, Mr. Robert; Mr. David Mack (US Ambassadors) 302 Houphonet Boigny, President Felix (Ivory Coast), and other ECOWAS presidents 447 Houphonet-Biogny, President Felix (Ivory Coast) 768 Houphonet-Boigny, Pres. Felix (Ivory Coast); King Hassan (Morocco); Pres. Nelson Mandela (South Africa) 703 Howe, Admiral Jonathan 305 Hoynck, Wilhelm (Sec.Gen. and Conflict Arbitrator of CSCE) 610 Hughes, Mr (UK PM's personal emissary); Mr.Sephen Low (US Ambassador to Zambia); Lord Harlech, former UK Ambassador 867 Hughes, Arthur (US Ambassador to Yemen) 863 Hughes, Arthur (US Ambassador); Margaret Dean (Director of US State Dept's Arabian Peninsular Office) 595 Humihia, Ahmed (Algeria - chairman of National Pact Commission) 526 Hurd, Douglas (British Foriegn Secretary) 856 Hurd, Douglas (British FM); Alain Juppe (French FM) 518 Hurley, Maj.Gen. Patrick J. (US Ambassador) 41 Hussein, King (Jordan) 866 Hussein, King (Jordon); Egypt; Oman 865 Hussein, King (Jrdon); Sharif Zeid Bin Shaker (Royal Court Chief); Jordanian officials 338 Ibrahim, Lakhdar al, (Arab League Ass. Sec-Gen.); Ahmed Abdel Aziz Jassem (Kuwaiti Ambassador to Syria); as Arab League Delegation 342 Ibrahim, Lakhdar al (Arab League envoy) 390 Ibrahim, Maj. Abou Kassem Mohammed (Vice President of Sudan) 418 Ibrahim, Maj. Abou Kassem Mohammed (Sudan); Pres. Kountche (Niger) 870 ICO (Islamic Conference Organisation) 448 ICO delegation: Foriegn Ministers of Libya, Saudi Arabia,Somalia, and a rep. of Senegal 137 ICO negotiating team, led by President Tome of Guinea 138 ICO team, led by Chatti, sec general 424 ICO; UN; OAU 694 ICO (Sec-Gen Algabid and reps from Iran, Pakistan, Tunisia); Iran 1108 ICFY Steering Committee Co-Chairmen 1116 ICFY Steering Committee - Co-Chairmen; Yasuhi Akashi, UN Sec.Gen Rep. 1109 ICFY reps. and the ‘Zagreb Four’ 780 IGAAD (Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development - Kenya, Uganda, Djibouti, Eritrea); Kalonzo Musyoko (Kenyan FM) 781 IGAAD; Pres. Daniel Arap Moi (Kenya); Zachary Onyonka (Kenyan Research and Science Minister); Donald Petterson (US Ambassador to Khartoum) 782 IGAAD; Pres. Daniel Arap Moi (Kenya) 783 IGAAD; Pres. Moi (Kenya); Pres. Museveni (Uganda); Pres. Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia); Pres. Isayas Afewerki (Eritrea) 705 Imam of Hirab 710 Imam of Hirab; UNOSOM officials

122 India (unspecified) 486 Indian Government Ministers; Mr. Dixit, Indian Ambassador to Sri Lanka 485 Indian Official delegation 273 Individual/US deputation led by Mr.Ramsey Clarke (former Attorney General) and Mr. William Millar (US Senate Committee on Intelligence) 173 Indonesia (unspecified) 1130 Indonesian President 174 Indonesia/France (unspecified) 177 Indonesia (unspecified); Gareth Evans, Australian FM 359 Indonesia/UN Security Council/UN Sec-Gen Rep 358 Indonesia/France/UN Sec-Gen Rep 67 Indo/Pakistani Western Boundary Case Tribunal 266 International Court of Justice (ICJ) Border Commission 1128 International Alert 467 Inter-denominational church delegation (unspecified) 333 Iran (unspecified) 332 Iranian/Algerian mediators (unspecified) 334 Iran/Syria (unspecified) 694 Iran; ICO (Sec-Gen Algabid and reps. from Iran, Pakistan, Tunisia) 1085 Iran; Kazahkstan; Kyrgyzstan; Russia; UN; Afghanistan; Pakistan 283 Iraq, Syria, Jordon (unspecified) 1086 Iran; Russia; UN Special Envoy Ramiro Piriz-Ballon 118 Islamic Conference Organisation GOC, led by Zia of Pakistan 630 Ismail, Sir Mirza (former Dewan of Hyderabad) 23 Ismay, Lord, Sec General, NATO 28 Italy (unspecified) 808 Italy; CSCE 969 Ivanov, Igor (Russian First Deputy FM) - on behalf of "Contact Group" 889 Ivanov, Igor (Russian First Deputy FM); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM); Viktor Posuvalyak (Foreign Ministry Middle East section head) 963 Ivanov, Igor (Russian First Deputy FM); Carl Bildt (EU mediator); Richard Holbrooke (US Ass. Sec. of State) 987 Ivanov, Igor (Russian first deputy FM); Richard Holbrooke; Warren Christopher; "Contact Group"; Carl Bildt 221 Jackson, Rev. Jesse 345 Jacobi, Klaus (Swiss Secretary of State) 315 Jallud, Major (Libyan Prime Minister) 66 James, Sir Morrice; John Freeman (UK High Commissioners in India and Pakistan 545 Japan; Thailand 13 Jarring, Gunnar, President Security Council 338 Jassem, Ahmed Abdel Aziz (Kuwaiti Ambassador to Syria); Gen. Lakhdar al Ibrahim (Assistant Sec-Gen); as Arab League Delegation 121 Jawara, President (Gambia); President of the ICO 633 Jean, M. (former French Ambassador in London) 744 Jensen, Eric (Head of MINURSO) 742 Jensen, Eric (Head of MINURSO - UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara); Sahabzada Yaqub-Khan (U special envoy to Western Sahara) 745 Jensen, Eric (Head of MINURSO); Dr. Boutros-Ghali 727 Jett, Denis (US Ambassador); Pres. Mugabe (Zimbabwe); Roman Catholic church; Richard Edis (Britih Ambassador); Ajello Aldo (UN rep.) 19 Jessup, P.C., US Ambassador at Large 571 Jibraili, Ahmed Ali (influential Shia clergyman); Ayatollah Mohsini (leader of Shi'ite peace mission) 510 Johnson, President Lyndon (USA) 605 Joint US/UK Consultative Group - senior officials 423 Jonah, James O.C., (UN Assistant Secretary-General for Special Political Affairs) 1063 Jonah, James, UN Under Sec.Gen. for Special Political Affairs and haed of delegation; UN, OAU, Arab League, Oragnisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) 715 Jonah, James (UN Under Sec-Gen); Pres. Nicephore Soglo (Benin - ECOWAS Chairman); Rev. Canaan Banana (OAU envoy) 283 Jordon; Iraq; Syria (unspecified) 492 Juppe, Alain (French FM); Jean-Michel Marland (French Ambassador to Rwanda) 856 Juppe, Alain (French FM); Douglas Hurd (British FM) 849 Juppe, Alain (French FM); Vitali Churkin (Russian FM); Warren Christopher (US Sec. of State); Hans van den Broek (EU External Political Affairs Commissioner); FMs from Britain, Greece, Belgium; Dr. Owen; Thorvald Stoltenberg 362 Justinano, Sr.Renan Castrillo (President of UN Sec.Coun.- Bolivia) 452 Kadhafi, Col. 1059 Kadjo, Eden (OAU Sec.Gen) and Kadjo’s aides; Eyadema, OAU Chairman, Pres. (Togo) 295 Kahd, King (Saudi Arabia) 354 Kaifu, Toshiki (Prime Minister of Japan) 800 Kakizawa, Koji (Japan's Parliamentary Vice-Foreign Minister) 574 Kan'an, Brig.Gen. Ghazi (Syrian military commander in Lebanon) 700 Kapungo, Leonard (director of UN's Committee of Reconciliation); UN officials; Ambassador Lansana Kouyate (UN Sec- Gen special rep. for Somalia) 873 Karaki, Dr. Khalidal (Adviser to King Hussein); Sharif Zayd bin Shakir (Chief of the Royal Hashemite Court - Jordon); Maj- Gen Id Kamil al-Rawden (Assistant to the chairman of theJordanian Joint Chief of Staff) 455 Kaunda, President Kenneth (Zambia - as OAU Chairman) 600 Kaunda, President (Zambia); President Nyrere (Tanzania); President Masire (Botswana) 204 Kaunda, Dr. K. (Zambian President)/Prof. van Niekerk (Namibia) 183 Kaunda, President (Zambia); PM Vorster (South Africa) 664 Kaunda, President Kenneth (Zambia)

596 Kazakhstan (unspecified) 1085 Kazahkstan; Kyrgyzstan; Russia; UN; Afghanistan; Iran; Pakistan 807 Kazimirov, Vladimir (Russian deputy FM and CSCE rep.) 803 Kazimirov, Vladimir (Russian deputy FM); Mario Raffaelli (Italian, chair of CSCE Minsk Group); John Maresca (US mediator); officials from Russia, USA, Turkey 805 Kazimirov, Vladimir (Russian deputy FM); John Maresca (US special envoy to Norgarno-Karabakh); Volkan Vural (Hikmet Cetin's deputy undersecretary) : CSCE 809 Kazimirov, Vladimir (Russian deputy FM and CSCE rep.); CIS Interparliamentary Assembly; Russia's Foreign Ministry; Aaland Peace Institute 812 Kazimirov, Vladimir (Russian deputy FM and CSCE rep.); Jan Eliason (Swedish diplomat and CSCE mediator) 913 Kazimirov, Vladimir (Russian deputy FM and CSCE rep.); and Anders Bjurner (Swedish diplomat) as co-chairmen and leaders of OSCE delegation 917 Kazimirov, Vladimir (Russian deputy FM, CSCE); and Rene Nyberg (Finland) as OSCE co-chairmen 918 Kazimirov, Vladimir (CSCE); Rene Nyberg; Valentin Lozinsky (Russia); Heikki Talvitie (Finland) - as co-chairmen of C/OSCE Minsk Group 980 Kazimirov, Vladimir (CSCE); Valentin Lozinskiy (Russia); Heikki Talvitie (Finland) - as co-chairmen of C/OSCE Minsk Group 993 Kazimirov, Vladimir (CSCE); Valentin Lozinsky; Heikki Talvitie (as co-chairman of OSCE Minsk Group); Klaus Klinkel (German FM) 712 Keating, Colin (NZ leader of Security Council Mission); reps from USA, Russia, China, France, Nigeria, Pakistan 240 Keita, President (Mali); Pres. Diori (Niger); Pres. Tubman (Liberia) 36 Keita, President (Mali); H. Selassie (Ethiopia) 165 Kennedy, Robert; US Attorney Genral 40 Kennedy, President J.F. (US) 109 Kenya (unspecified) 670 Kenyatta, President Jomo (Kenya) 02 Kerr, Sir A Clarke, British Special Ambassador in Batavia 968 Kerrick, Brig-Gen Donald, James Pardew, Roberts Owen - officials replacing Robert Frasure, Nelson Drew, Joseph Kruzel following their accidental deaths; Richard Holbrooke 304 Khaddam, Mr. (Syrian Foreign Minister, later Vice President) 535 Khaddam, Mr. (Syrian FM); Arab League follow-up Committee 331 Khaddam, Vice-President (Syria); President Assad (Syria) 1000 Khaddam, Abdel-Halim (Syrian Vice-Pres.); Pres. Mubarak (Egypt); Farouq al-Shara (Syrian FA Minister) 1061 Khan, Brigadier.Gen. S. Anan (Bangladesh), Acting Chief Military Observer of UNIMOG 906 Khan, Maulvi Mohammed (Pakistani Islamic Scholar) 1081 Khan, Shakarya Mohammed (Pakistan), UN special rep. to Rwanda 652 Khan, Sir Zafrulla (Pakistani FM); Dr. Muhammed Ali (Pak. PM) 628 Khan, President (Pakistan); Shaharyar Mohammed Khan (Pakistan Foreign Secretary); Nawaz Sharf (Pakistan PM) 628 Khan, Shaharya Mohammed (See Above) 413 Khatri, Maj-Gen Padma Rahadur (Nepal) as chairman of UN Mission, with reps from Colombia, Finland, Poland and Zambia 56 Kheir, Ahmed (Sudan) Foreign Minister 661 Khiari, M. Mahmould, (UN deputy Chief in Leopoldville); Dr. Hammarskjold 388 Kholi, Dr. Hassan Sabry el (Sadat's personal envoy); Dr. Omar Saqqaf (Saudi Foriegn Minister) 506 Khoman, Mr. Thanat (Thai Foriegn Minister) 570 Khouli, Maj.Gen. Mohammed (Syrian Army) 03 Killearn, Lord, Special Commissioner of the British Govt for S.E. Asia 344 Kimnitt, Robert (Under Secretary of State for US) 721 Kingibe, Baba Gana (Nigerian FM); Obed Asamoah (Ghanian FM) 90 Kissinger; Gromyko 89 Kissinger, Henry (US) Sec of State 1037 Kissinger, Henry (US) Sec of State; UN interim commander UNEF II - Gen. Ensio P.H. Siilasvuo (Finland) 160 Kittani, Ismat (UN special envoy to Tadjikistan) 994 Klinkel, Klaus (German FM) 836 Klinkel, Klaus (German FM); Lord Owen; Thorvald Stoltenberg 993 Klinkel, Klaus (German FM); Vladimir Kazimirov, Valentin Lozinsky and Heikki Talvitie as Co-chaimen of OSCE Minsk Group 262 Kodjo, Mr.; Dr. Ouko (OAU Team) 445 Kohl, Chancellor; President Mitterand (France) 813 Kondrutev, Col.Gen. Georgy (Russian Deputy Defence Minister and special envoy to President Yeltsin) 759 Kondrutev, Col.Gen. Georgy (Russian deputy Defence Minister); Mr. Edouard Brunner (UN rep. to Sec-Gen) 638 Kosygin, Mr. (Soviet FM); Mr. Wilson (UK PM) 59 Kosygin, Alexander, Soviet Foreign Minister 523 Kosyrev, Andrei (Russian Foriegn Minister) 750 Kosyrev, Andrei (Russian FM); Russian officials 752 Kosyrev, Andrei (Russian FM); Boris Pastukhov (Russian deputy FM); Viktor Barannikov (Russian Security Minister) 825 Kosyrev, Andrei (Russian FM); Vitaly Churkin (Russian envoy); USA; UN 846 Kosyrev, Andrei (Russian FM); Vitaly Churkin (Russian envoy) 848 Kosyrev, Andrei (Russian FM); Vitaly Churkin (Russian envoy); Charles Redman (US special rep.); Yasushi Akashi (UN special rep.) 889 Kosyrev, Andrei (Russian FM); Igor Ivanov (Russian First Deputy FM); Viktor Posuvalyak (Foreign Ministry Middle East section head) 964 Kosyrev, Andrei (Russian FM); Alexander Zlotov (Russian "Contact Group" delegate) 952 Kosyrev, Andrei (Russian FM); Alexander Zlotov (Russian "Contact Group" delegate); Robert Fraser (US "Contact Group" delegate); Yasushi Akashi (UN mediator) 597 Kouchner, Dr. Bernard (French Minister for Health and Humanitarian Action)

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256 Kountche, President (Niger); President Eyadema (Togo); President Senghor (Senegal); PM Bearogvi Guinea); Eteki Mboumosa (OAU Sec-Gen); Mr. Abdelghani (Algerian rep); Srteh Ghalib (Somalian Sec of State) : OAU Mediation Commission 255 Kountche, President (Niger); President Eyadema of Togo 418 Kountche (President of Niger), Maj.Abou Kassem Mohammed Ibrahim (Sudan) 706 Kouyaté, Lansana (acting UN envoy) 700 Kouyaté, Lansana (UN special rep. for Somalia); Leonard Kapungo (director of UN's Committee for Reconciliation); UN officials 1067 Kouyaté, Lansana, Sec.Gen. special rep; OIC; Arab League; OAU 477 Kovacs, M.Ian (Romanian Ambassador); M.Jean Hurly (French Ambassador) 976 Kovacs, Laszlo (Hungarian FM as current OSCE chairman); OSCE officials 762 Kovalev, Felix (Russian Foreign Ministry official); Mr. Edouard Brunner (UN rep.); CSCE 758 Kovalev, Felix (Russian Foreign Ministry official); Mr. Edouard Brunner (UN rep.) 943 Kovalev, Felix (Russian Ambassador at large); Boris Pastukhov (Russian Deputy FM); Mr. Edouard Brunner (UN rep.); 945 Kovalev, Felix; Aleksey Bolshakov (Russian deputy FM); Boris Pastukhov (Russian deputy FM) 804 Kravchuk, Pres. Leonid (Ukraine); Hikmet Cetin (Turkish FM); Edouard Sheverdnadze (President of Georgia) 753 Krutsen, Mr. (UN special envoy to Georgia) 968 Kruzel, Joseph (deputy Ass. Sec. of State); Richard Holbrooke; Robert Fraser; Nelson Drew; Gen Wesley Clarke - Fraser, Drew, Clarke replaced following their accidental deaths by Roberts Owen, Brig-Gen Donald Kerrick, James Pardew 308 Kuznetsov, Mr. (Soviet Deputy FM) 539 Kusumaatmadja, Dr. (Indonesian FM) 259 Kuwaiti charge d'affairs (unspecified) 120 Kuwait/Syria (unspecified) 317 Kuwait, Egypt, Saudi Arabia (unspecified) 42 Kuwaiti Crown Prince; Prime Minister Sheikh Sabah al Salu al Sebah 1085 Kyrgyzstan; Russia; UN; Afghanistan; Iran; Kazahkstan; Pakistan 61 La Pira, Professor G.; Dr. M. Pimicerio (Italy), Professors at the University of Milan 386 Ladgham, M.Bali (ACOM Chairman) 382 Ladgham, M. Bali (Tunisia); General Nemery (Sudan); Gen. Sadeq (Egypt); Kuwaiti Defence and Foriegn Ministers; as Four-man Arab Mission 568 Lane, Mr. George; Mr. Parker (US Diplomats) 919 Lambach, Frank (Germany's envoy to the OSCE Minsk Group) 77 Lara, Fernando (Costa Rican FM); Alberto Fuertes Mohr (Guatemalan FM);Lorenzo Guererro (Nicaraguan FM); as OAS Team 1032 Lasso, Galo Plaza (Ecuador), OAS Sec.Gen. 27 Lebanon (unspecified) 895 Legwaila, J. Legwaila (Botswana) as leader of UN Security Council team 63 Lewandowski (Poland) rep on ICC 576 Lewin, M., (K. Waldheim's personal rep); Dr. Kurt Waldheim; UN Security Council 178 Liberian Council of Churches 718 Liberian NGOs; UN; Gordon-Somers, Trevor (UN envoy) 141 Libya (unspecified) 657 Libya, Sudan 451 Libya, Somalia, Senegal, Saudi Arabia 182 Libya/PLO (unspecified) 391 Libya; Sudan; Niger (unspecified) 713 Libyan Moslem clerics and teachers as envoys of Gaddhafi 368 Liebert, Father (of the Rainbow Centre) 648 Lie, Hr. Trygvie (UN Sec-Gen); Dr. Bramuglia; Dr. Evatt (President of UN General Assembly) 229 Lie, Trygvie (UN Secretary General) 227 Lie, Trygvie (UN Sec-Gen); Dr. Evatt, UN General Assembly President 891 Likphai, Chnan (Thai PM) 412 Lobo, Senor Fernando (Brazil) leader of OAS Investigation Committee, with reps from USA, Aregentine, Costa Rica, Uraguay. 228 Lobo, Fernando (Brazil); Guillermo Vallodo (Paraguay); Louis Quintanilla (Mexico); John Drier (USA); Jose Chiribogan (Ecuador); as OAS Team 167 Lopez; Philippines Foreign Secretary 534 Loucar, Budimir (Yugoslav FM on behalf of Non-Aligned Movement) 608 Low, Mr. Stephen (US Ambassador to Zambia); Mr. John Graham (Deputy Under-Secretary at the UK Foriegn and Commonwealth Office) 610 Low, Mr. Stephen (US Ambassador to Zambia); Mr Hughes (UK PM's personal emissary); Lord Harlech, former UK Ambassador 135 Lozano, Dr Alfredo (Colombia) member UN Commission 918 Lozinskiy, Valentin (Russia); Rene Nyberg (Finland); Vladimir Kazimirov (Russia); Heikki Talvitie (Finland) - as co- chairmen of OSCE Minsk Group 980 Lozinskiy, Valentin (Russia); Heikki Talvitie (Finland) as co-chairmen of OSCE Minsk Group; VladimiR Kazimirov 981 Lozinskiy, Valentin (Russia); Heikki Talvitie (Finland); as co-chairmen of OSCE Minsk Group 993 Lozinskiy, Valentin; Vladimir Kazimirov; Heikki Talvitie (as co-chaiman of OSCE Minsk Group); Klaus Klinkel (German FM) 1144 Luns, Dr. (Sec. Gen. NATO) 673 Lunkov, Mr. N. (Soviet Ambassador in London); Dr. Kurt Waldheim; Mr. James Callaghan (UK Foreign and Commonwealth Secretary) 276 MacBride, Sean (UNESCO Rep.) 658 MacClintock, US Ambassador 500 MacFarlane, Mr. (US special presidential representative) 650 MacGhee, Mr. George C. (US Assistant Secretary of State) 566 Mack, Mr. David; Mr. Robert Houghton (US Ambassador) 09 MacNaughton, General (Canada) Chairman, Security Council 136 Mahgoub (Sudan) PM

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527 Major, John (UK PM); Boutros Ghali (UN Sec. Gen); USA,Germany, EC 662 Malagasy delegation led by Mr. Xavier Michel Andrianarhinjah, the Speaker of Madagascar's assembly; Mr. R.C. Remi, Malagasy FM 352 Malecela, John (Tanzanian PM); Ami Mpungwe (Tanzanian Ambassador) 515 Malecela, John (Tanzanian PM); Pres. Ali Hassan Mwinyi (Tanzania); Salim Ahmed Salim (OAU Sec-Gen); Jaques-Roger Booh-Booh (UN special rep.) 649 Malik, M. Yakov (Soviet rep. at the UN) 756 Malinberi, Professor (UN rep.); Russia; CSCE 726 Mandela, Pres. Nelson (South Africa) 774 Mandela, Pres. Nelson (South Africa); Alfred Nzo (South African FM) 768 Mandela, Pres. Nelson (South Africa); King Hassan (Morocco); Pres. Felix Houphouet-Boigney (Ivory Coast) 843 Manning, David (UK); Michael Steiner (Germany); Jaques de Sedony (France); Ambassador Aleksei Nikiforov (Russia); Charles Redman (UN special rep.) 1031 Marambio, Brigadier-General Tulio (Chile), UN Sec.Gen. rep. 803 Maresca, John (US mediator); Mario Raffaelli (Italian, Chair CSCE Minsk Group); Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian deputy FM, CSCE); officials from Russia, USA, Turkey 805 Maresca, John (US special envoy to Nargorno-Karabakh); Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian deputy FM, CSCE); Volkan Vural (Hikmet Cetin's deputy undersecretary) 248 Marinho, Dr. Ilmar P., (Brazil); Ramon de Clairmont Dueres (El Salvador); Ellesworth Bunker (USA); as OAS Mediation Committee 492 Marland, Jean-Michel (French Ambassador to Rwanda); Alain Juppe (French FM) 389 Marshall, David (Singapore Chief Minister) 196 Marshall, General George C., special envoy to the President 69 Martin, Paul (Canada) external affairs Minister 459 Martous, Wilfried (Belgian MP); President Museveni (Uganda - as OAU Chairman) 586 Masire, President (Botswana); President Mugabe (Zimbabwe) 862 Matunga, M.T. (OAU Assistant Sec-Gen), as leader of OAU team 45 Maurer, Ion, PM of Rumania 1045 Mauritanian and Algerian observers; de Cuellar, Javier Perez, UN Sec.Gen 246 Mayobre, Jose A. (ex.sec. UN Economic Commission for Latin America) 936 Mbaba, Sipho (Inkata leader and recognised mediator); Aleshack Radebe (ANC leader and recognised mediator) 728 Mbeki, Thabo (South African deputy President); Jose Midiso (SA Defence Minister) 260 Mboumosa, Eteki (OAU Secretary General) 256 Mboumosa, Eteki, (OAU Sec-gen); President Eyadema (Togo); President Kountche (Niger); President Senghor (Senegal); PM Bearogvi (Guinea); Mr. Abdelghani (Algerian rep); Arteh Ghalib (Somali Sec of State) : OAU Mediation Commission 396 McDermott, Mr. (US Ambassador to El Salvador); Mr. Peurifoy (US Ambassador to Guatemala); President Osorio (El Salvador); Mgr Gennaro Verolino (Papal Nuncio); as OAS Team 326 McFarlane, Mr. (USA special presidential envoy); Mr. Rafiq al-Harirri (Lebanese businessman); Prince Bandar bin Sultan (Saudi Arabia) 432 Medvedev, Nicolai (Chair of the Russian Supreme Soviet Commission for National and State Structures and Interethnic Relations) 450 Meldor, Mr. Alejandro (Executive Secretary of the ICO) 30 Mendres, Prime Minister of Turkey 1010 Menou, Mr Krishna (Indian Minister without portfolio). 626 Menzies, Mr. (Australian PM) 162 Merchant, Mr Livingstone T., US Ambassador to Canada 901 Mestiri, Mahmoud (former Tunisian FM and special UN envoy to Afghanistan) 689 Mestiri, Mahmoud (leader of 5-member UN team) and including Sotirios Mousauri (UN special rep. to Afghanistan) 1001 Mestiri, Seyoum (Ethiopian FM) 1003 Mestiri, Seyoum (Ethiopian FM); Pres. Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia) 978 Meszaros, Sandor (OSCE Mission head to Chechnia); OSCE officials 979 Meszaros, Sandor (OSCE Mission head to Chechnia) - replaced by Olivier Pelen (French diplomat and deputy head of OSCE mission to Chechnia) 519 Mexico, US, Brazil, Honduras, Venezuela 728 Midiso, Jose (SA Defence Minister); Thab Mbeki (South African deputy President) 729 Midiso, Jose (SA Defence Minister); Sidney Mufamad (SA Security Minister); Aziz Pahad (SA Deputy FM) 1011 Miki, Mr. Tako (Japanese PM). Mr. Tokuma Utsu nomiya (leading member of Japanese Liberal-Democratic party), 273 Millar, Mr. William (US Senate Committee on Intelligence); Mr. Ramsey Clarke (former Attorney General) - leader of individual/US deputation 80 Minnoz, Senor Luis Weckman (Mexico) Ambassador in Bonn; UN mediator 132 Mirah, Sultan Ali (leader of Ethiopia Afar tribe) 799 Mitterand, President Francois (France) 445 Mitterand, President Francois; Chancellor Kohl 169 Mobutu, President (Zaire) 1030 Mobutu (Zaire), appointed by OAU Council of Ministers and Assembly 253 Mobutu (President of Zaire) and Ngouabi (President of Congo) 1035 Mobutu, President (Zaire); OAU Administrative Sec.Gen.; Pres. Ngouabi (Congo); 76 Mobutu, President (Zaire); General Gowan (Nigeria); President Senghor (Senegal); President Ahidijo (Cameroon); as OAU fact-finding mission 898 Mobutu, President (Zaire); Amara Essy (Ivory Coast FM); Blondin Beye (UN special rep. to Angola) 172 Mock, Dr Alois, Vice Chancellor of Austria, Austrian People's Party 817 Mohammed, Shaharyar Khan (UN special rep. to Rwanda); Maj.Gen. Romeo Dallaire (UN Commander in Rwanda) 864 Mohammed, Ali Nasser (former South Yemenese President) 77 Mohr, Alberto Fuertes (Guatemalan FM); Fernando Lara (Costa Rican FM); Lorenzo Guererro (Nicaraguan FM); as OAS Team 559 Mohsini, Ayatollah (leader of Shi'ite Peace Mission) 571 Mohsini, Ayatollah (Leader of Shi'ite Peace Mission); Ahmed Ali Jibraili (influential Shia clergyman) 893 Mohsini, Mohammed (Ass. Sec-Gen of the ICO); ICO officials

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738 Mohsini, Mohammed and Pieter Danarsk (ICO reps. of the Ministerial Committee) 904 Mohsini, Sheikh Mohammed Asif (leader of pro-government Afghan faction) 111 Moi, Daniel Arap (Kenya) President 168 Moi, President Daniel Arap (Kenya); Robert Mugabe (Zimbabwe) 778 Moi, Pres. Daniel Arap (Kenya); Foriegn Ministers of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Uganda 779 Moi, Pres. D.A. (Kenya); Pres. Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia); Pres. Museveni (Uganda); Eritream FM 781 Moi, Pres. D.A. (Kenya); Zachary Onyonka (Kenyan Research and Science Minister); Donald Petterson (US Ambassador in Khartoum); IGAAD 782 Moi, Pres. D.A. (Kenya); IGAAD 783 Moi, Pres. D.A. (Kenya); IGAAD; Pres. Museveni (Uganda); Pres. Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia); Isayas Afewerki (Eritrean leader) 95 Mondale, Walter (US) Vice President 556 Monge, President (Costa Rica); Mr. Stone 902 Monjo, John (US Ambassador to Pakistan) 905 Monjo, John (US Ambassador to Pakistan) as leader of four-man US team to Afghanistan 796 Montenegro, Mgr. Eddy (Vicar of Managua); church officials; Dr. Sergio Caramagna (CIAV-OAS rep. and OAS mission leader) 62 Moore, Victor (Canada) senior rep on ICC 724 Moose, George (US Assistant Sec. of State for African Affairs) 187 Moose, Richard (US Assistant Sec of State); David Owen (British Foriegn Secretary); Andrew Young (US Ambassador to the UN); Cyrus Vance (US Sec of State) 186 Moose, Richard (US Ass Sec of State); Andrew Young; David Owen; see 187 247 Mora, Dr. (OAS Sec.Gen..) 529 Morillon, Maj.Gen. Philippe (Head of UN Peacekeepers in Bosnia) 827 Morillon, Maj.Gen. Phillipe; Gen. Jean Cot (UNPROFAR Commander) 826 Morillon, Maj.Gen. Phillipe; Brig.Gen. Vere Hayer (UNPROFAR Chief of Staff) 22 Morocco/Tunisia (unspecified) 37 Morocco/Algerian arbitration commission 693 Mousari, Mirmahmoud (envoy to President Rafsanjani of Iran) 689 Mousauri, Sotirios (UN special rep. to Afghanistan) and member of 5-member UN team led by Mahmoud Mestiri 879 Moussa, Amr (Egyptian FM) 707 Moussa, Amr (Egyptian FM); Pres. Hosni Mubarak (Egypt) 134 Mpungwe, Ambassador Ami (Tanzania) 352 Mpungwe, Ambassador Ami (Tanzania); John Malecela (Tanzanian PM) 443 Mpungwe, Ambassador Ami (Tanzania); OAU 469 Mpungwe, Ambassador Ami (Tanzania); Joseph Rwegasira (Tanzanian FM); OAU 131 Mubarak, Husni (Egypt) Vice President; later President 458 Mubarak, President (Egypt); OAU Mediation Commission and Chairman 707 Mubarak, Pres. Husni (Egypt); Amr Moussa (Egyptian FM) 1000 Mubarak, Pres. Husni (Egypt); Ebdel-Halim Khaddam (Syrian Vice-Pres.); Farouq al-Shara (Syrian FA Minister) 729 Mufamad, Sidney (SA Security Minister); Joe Midiso (SA Defence Minister); Aziz Pahad (SA Deputy FM) 168 Mugabe, President (Zimbabwe); President D. Arap Moi (Kenya) 588 Mugabe, President; Roland "Tiny" Rowland 589 Mugabe, President; Roland "Tiny" Rowland; Italian/Vatican officials 586 Mugabe, President Robert (Zimbabwe); Pres. Masire of Botswana 587 Mugabe, President (Zimbabwe); Pres. de Klerk (South Africa) 727 Mugabe, Pres. (Zimbabwe); Roman Catholic Church; Aldo Ajello (UN rep.); Richard Edis (British Ambassador); Denis Jett (US Ambassador) 1047 Mugabe, Pres. (Zimbabwe) head of OAU Mediating Group; South African Foreign Minister Pik Botha 29 Murphy, Robert, deputy Under Secretary of State (US) , representing PresidentEisenhower 145 Murphy, Richard; U.S. Asst. Sec. of State for the Near East 414 Murphy, Mr Richard, Mr. Casper Weinberger, UN Officials 112 Murray, Sir James (UK) Emissary on behalf of "Contact Group" (Canada,France, US, UK, West Germany) 254 Murumbi, Vice-President (Kenya); Justin Bomboko (Congo-Kinshasa FM); John Williams (Sierra Leone Minister of Information); as OAU Mission 621 Mus, M. Paul (distinguished French orientalist and director of the Ecoled'outr-mer 470 Museveni, President (Uganda) 459 Museveni, President (Uganda) as OAU Chairman; Wifried Martous (Belgian MP) 783 Museveni, Pres. (Uganda); Pres. D.A. Moi (Kenya); IGAAD; Pres. Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia); Pres. Isayas Afewerki (Eritrea) 779 Museveni, Pres. (Uganda); FM of Eritrea; Pres. D.A. Moi (Kenya); Pres. Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia) 637 Muste, Rev. A.J. (New York Prsbyterian Minister); Rabbi Abraham Feinberg of Toronto; Dr. Ambrose Reeves (former Anglican bishop of Johannesburg) 780 Musyoko, Kalonzo (Kenyan FM); IGAAD (Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development) ie Kenya, Uganda, Djibouti, Eritrea 460 Mwinyi, President Ali Hassan (Tanzania) 515 Mwinyi,Pres. Ali Hassan (Tanzania); John Malecela (Tanzanian PM); Salim Ahmed Salim (OAU Sec-Gen); Jaques-Roger Booh-Booh (UN special rep.) 692 Najafi, Mohamed Hassan (special Iranian envoy); Iranian Ambassador and officials 164 Narasimhan, Mr. C.V.; Chef de Cabinet of U.Thant 990 Nash, William (US Maj-Gen - head of US troops in NATO's Bosnian Force) 38 Nasser, President (Egypt) 70 Nasser (Egypt); Tito (Yugoslavia) 472 National Council of Churches (Kenya) 655 National Reconciliation Commission headed by Rodolfo Quezadaa Toruno (Roman Catholic Bishop of Zacapa and President of Guatemala Bishop's Conference) 261 NATO/USA (unspecified) 214 Natwarsingh, Mr. K.,; Mr. Chidambaram (emissaries to Mr. Gandhi) 444 Nazarbayev, President Nursultan (Kazakhstan)

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439 Nazarbayev, President Nursultan (Kazakhstan); Boris Yeltsin 997 Nazarbayev, President Nursultan (Kazakhstan); Ramiro Piriz-Ballon (UN special rep. to Tadjikistan); OSCE; OIC; Afghanistan; Russian Federation; Iran; Pakistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan 163 Nehru, P.M. of India 382 Nemery, Gen. (Sudan); M. Bali Ladgham (Tunisia); Gen Sadeq (Egypt); Kuwaiti Defence and Foreign Ministers; as Four- man Arab Mission 383 Nemery, Gen. (Sudan); Eight-man Arab mission ie Gen. Nemery's mission Plus other officials 927 Netherlands; Denmark 370 New Zealand (unspecified) 258 Ngouabi (President of Congo) 253 Ngouabi, President (Congo); President Mobutu (Zaire) 1035 Ngouabi (President of Congo); Mobutu, President (Zaire); OAU Administrative Sec.Gen. 480 Niger (unspecified) 695 Nigeria 392 Nigeria, Libya, Cameroon, Sudan, Niger, (unspecified) 391 Niger; Sudan; Libya (unspecified) 193 Niilus, Mr Leopold, Canon Burgess Barr, WCC Representatives 843 Nikiforov, Ambassador Aleksei (Russia); Charles Redman (US special rep.); David Manning (UK); Michael Steiner (Germany); Jacques de Sedony (France); as "Contact Group" 1058 Nimeiry, Pres. Gaafar (Sudan),OAU Chairman 625 Nimmo, Maj.Gen. (UN Chief Military Observer) 1013 Niwetz,Mr. Matthew (Concellor UN State Dept); British and Canadian officials. 977 Niyazov, President Saparmyrat (Turmenistan); UN officials 509 Nkrumah, President (Ghana); Mr. Bitar (Syrian FM) 631 Nkrumah, President (Ghana); Ghanian delegation 0000 No mediation 735 Nodinot, Jean-Francois (French mediator); Algeria; Burkina Faso 656 Noel-Baker, Mr. Francis (Labour MP for Swindon) 280 Nolan, Mgr. John (Papal Secretary to the Holy Land); Mgr. Hilarian Capucci (former Greek Catholic Archbishop of Jerusalem) 264 Non Aggression and Defence Aid Agreement (ANAD) 1143 North Yemen former president 830 Norway (unspecified) 653 Nu, U (Burmese PM) 887 Nunn, Senator Sam; Jimmy Carter; Colin Powell (former US armed Forces Chief of Staff) 507 Nyerere, President Julius (Tanzania) 985 Nyrere, Julius (former president of Tanzania); Jimmy Carter; Archbishop Desmond Tutu 917 Nyberg, Rene (Finland) and Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian deputy FM); as OSCE co-chairmen 918 Nyberg, Rene (Finland); Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian deputy FM); Valentin Lozinsky (Russia); Heikke Talvitie (Finland) - as co- chaimen of OSCE Minsk Group 774 Nzo, Alfred (South African FM); Pres. Nelson Mandela (South Africa) 396 OAS: President Osorio (El Salvador), Peurifoy and McDermott (US Ambassadors to Guatemala and El Salvador); Mgr Gennaro Verolino (Papal Nuncio) 143 OAS: 5 member mission: U.S., Argenita, Bolivia, Mexico and Panama 1033 OAS Seven Member Committee 242 OAS Council (unspecified) 123 OAS Inter-American Peace Committee 1125 OAS Investigation Committee (unspecified) 234 OAS Investigation Committee (5 Nation committee on Haiti) 412 OAS Investigation Committee led by Senor Fernando Lobo (Brazil), with reps from USA,Argentina, Costa Rica, Paraguay 248 OAS Mediation Committee: Ellesworth Bunker (USA); Dr. Ilmar Penna Marinho (Brazil);Ramon de Clairmont Dueres (El Salvador) 1131 OAS panel of judges 365 OAS Peace Committee 244 OAS Peace Mission: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Panama, Uruguay 228 OAS Team: Jose Chiribogan (Ecuador); John Drier (USA); Fernando Lobo (Brazil); Louis Quintanilla (Mexico); Guillermo Vallodo (Paraguay) 680 OAS Team: FMs of Guatemala, Costa Rica, Nicaragua 271 OAS Team: reps from USA, Guatemala, Dominican Republic 78 OAS team; Dr Sevilla Sacasa (Nicaragua) rep on Permanent Council of OAS; reps from Argentina, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Equador,Guatemala, USA 77 OAS team; Alberto Fuertes Mohr (Guatemalan FM); Fernando Lara (Costa Rican FM); Lorenzo Guererro (Nicaraguan FM) 216 OAS (President Curazo Odio of Costs Rica) 79 OAS (unspecified) 290 OAS/UN, CIAV (IN Commission for Support and Verification) 107 OAU 8 nation mediation committee 1035 OAU Administrative Sec.Gen.; Pres. Ngouabi (Congo); Pres. Mobutu (Zaire) 205 OAU Advisory Mission (H. Selassie, Gen. Aakrah, Pres. Ahidjo, M.D.Telli) 395 OAU ad hoc Committee on Chad: Benin, Togo, Congo, Guinea and chaired by President Stevens (Sierra Leone) and President Eyadema (Togo) 157 OAU ad hoc cmmtt. comprising Heads of State of Algeria, Cameroon, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, and President Bongo of Gabon as Chairman 106 OAU Committee of Wise Men; reps of Sudan, Mali, Nigeria, Guinea, Ivory Coast 671 OAU Conciliation Commission 440 OAU Council 416 OAU Council and 5 member committee (Ethiopia, Gambia, Mali, Nigeria, Tunisia) 55 OAU Foreign Ministers

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76 OAU fact finding mission; Pres Senghor (Senegal); Pres. Ahidijo(Cameroon); President Mobutu (Zaire); General Gowan (Nigeria) 937 OAU four-man mission led by OAU Sec-Gen Salim Ahmed Salim 57 OAU Heads of State 584 OAU implementation committee: Presidents of Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Guinea, Ministers from Mali, Sierra Leone 1046 OAU Mediation Commission - Guinea, Niger, Senegal, Togo reps. 458 OAU Mediation Commission; OAU Chairman; President Mubarak of Egypt 1047 OAU Mediating Group led by Prs. Mugabe (Zinbabwe); South African Foreign Minister Pik Botha 488 OAU Mission led by Mr. Peter Onu (OAU Secretary General), and including Lt. Col. Goshu Wolde 254 OAU Mission: Justin Bomboko (Congo-Kinshasa FM); Vice-President Murumbi (Kenya); John Williams (Sierra Leone Minister of Information) 672 OAU Political Bureau and Defence Commission 407 OAU Special Committee on Mercanaries: Burundi, Central African Republic,Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania,Uganda, Zambia 408 OAU special committee and President Al Azhavi (Sudan) 267 OAU Team: reps from Sudan, Mali, Nigeria, Guinea, Ivory Coast 262 OAU Team: Dr. Ouko; Mr. Kodjo 938 OAU Team 110 OAU (unspecified) 471 OAU (unspecified); Herman Cohen 125 OAU/France 406 OAU/International Red Cross (unspecified) 1079 OAU; Tanzania 289 OAU/UN (unspecified) 424 OAU; UN; ICO 430 OAU; ECOWAS; Trevor Gordon-Sommers (UN special rep. in Liberia) 443 OAU; Ami Mpungwe (Tanzanian Ambassador) 469 OAU; Ami Mpungwe (Tanzanian Ambassador); Joseph Rwegasira (Tanzanian FM) 1067 OAU; Arab League; Kouyaté, Lansana, Sec.Gen. special rep; OIC 1063 OAU; Oragnisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC); Arab League; Jonah, James, UN Under Sec.Gen. for Special Political Affairs and haed of delegation; UN 598 Oakley, Robert (US special envoy to Somalia) 704 Oakley, Robert (US envoy); Jan Eliasson (UN Under-Sec.Gen. for Humanitarian Affairs); Pres. Zenawi (Ethiopia) 156 Obando, Cardinal 208 Obote, President (Uganda); Mr. Odaka, Ugandan FM; Mr. Arnold Smith 208 Odaka, Ugandan FM; Mr Arnold Smith; Pres. Obote (Uganda) 296 Officials from Jordon, Yemen, Palestine, Sudan, the Arab Maghreb, PLO 1067 OIC; Arab League; Kouyaté, Lansana, Sec.Gen. special rep.; OAU 1063 Oragnisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC); Arab League; Jonah, James, UN Under Sec.Gen. for Special Political Affairs and haed of delegation; UN, OAU , 696 Olagunju, Tunji (former Nigerian Interior Minister and leader of Nigerian team) 375 Omani, UAE and Saudi leaders (unspecified) 488 Onu, Mr. Peter (OAU Sec-Gen and leader of OAU Mission) and including Lt.Gen. Goshu Wolde 784 Onyonka, Zachariah (Kenyan Research Minister) 81 OPEC (unspecified) 912 OSCE (Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe) Minsk Group; Russia 913 OSCE delegation led by co-chairman Anders Bjurner (Swedish diplomat) and Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian deputy FM) 396 Osorio, President (El Salvador); Peurifoy and McDermott (US Ambassadors to Guatemala and El Salvador) Gennaro Verolino (Papal Nuncio); as OAS Team 262 Ouko, Dr.; Mr. Kodjo (OAU Team) 446 Oumarou, Mr. Ide (OAU Secretary General) 530 Owen, Lord; Cyrus Vance; Boutros Ghali 604 Owen, Dr. David (British Foriegn Secretary) - later Lord Owen 528 Owen, Lord (EC Mediator replacing Lord Carrington); Cyrus Vance 607 Owen, Dr.; US/UK officials 186 Owen, David, (British Foreign Secretary); Andrew Young, (US Ambassador to the UN); Richard Moose (US Assistant Sec of State for Africa) 187 Owen, David, Andrew Young, Richard Moose, Cyrus Vance, US Secretary of State 185 Owen, David (British Foreign Secretary); Andrew Young, US Ambassador tothe UN 822 Owen, Lord; Cyrus Vance; Reginald Bartholomew (US special envoy); Thorvald Stoltenberg ,UN mediator replacing Cyrus Vance) 823 Owen, Lord; Thorvald Stoltenberg 1114 Owen, Lord - EC; Vance, Cyrus - UN; Thorvald Stoltenberg, UN rep. 832 Owen, Lord; Thorvald Stoltenberg; Willy Claes (Belgium FM); European Union (EU) Minister's meeting 835 Owen, Lord; Thorvald Stoltenberg; Willy Claes (Belgian FM); Hans van den Broek (EU External Political Affairs Commissioner); EU FMs 836 Owen, Lord; Thorvald Stoltenberg; Klaus Kinkel (German FM) 840 Owen, Lord; Thorvald Stoltenberg; Charles Redman (US special rep. to Bosnia) 849 Owen, Lord; Thorvald Stoltenberg; Vitali Churkin (Russian FM); Warren Christopher (US Sec. of State); Hans van den Broek (EU External Political Affairs Commissioner); Alain Juppe (French FM); FMs from Britain, Greece, and Belgium 854 Owen, Lord; Thorvald Stoltenberg; US, EU, and Russian Ambassadors to Croatia; Kai Eide (international mediator) 1107 Owen, Lord - EC; Gen. Lars Erik Wahlgren, head UNPROFOR; Cyrus Vance, UN 971 Owen, Roberts and Chris Hill (US senior officials); Warren Christopher (US Sec of State) 968 Owen, Roberts, Richard Holbrooke (US Sec.of State); Robert Frasure (US Contact Group); Nelson Drew (US National Security Aide); Joseph Kruzel (deputy Ass. Sec. of State); Gen. Wesley Clarke - Frasure, Drew, Kruzel, Brig-Gen Donald Kerrick, James Pardew after their accidental deaths

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841 Oxman, Stephen (US Assistant Sec. of State); Charles Redman (US special rep.); Warren Christopher (US Sec. of State); other US officials 153 Ozal, Turgut (Turkish P.M.) 729 Pahad, Aziz (SA deputy FM); Joe Midiso (SA Defence Minister); Sidney Mufamad (SA Security Minister) 786 Pakistan 1085 Pakistan; Russia; UN; Afghanistan; Iran; Kazahkstan; Kyrgyzstan 67 Pakistani/Indo Western Boundary Case Tribunal 552 Pakistani and Saudi mediators (unspecified) 144 Palmer, Col. R.D., U.S. military attache in Siam (Chair) 117 Palme, Olof (Sweden) former PM; UN mediator 553 Panama (unspecified) 401 Pankin (Soviet Foreign Minister) 274 Papal Mission, Mgr.Annibale Bugnihi 206 Papal Mission (Mgr Dominic Conway, Mgr Georges Rochcan) 360 Papal Nuncio, envoys of USA, Mexico, Argentina, Panama 844 Papoulias, Karolos (Greek FM, as EU Council of Ministers President) 959 Papoulias, Karolos (Greek FM); Yerasimos Arsenis (Greek National Defence Minister) 968 Pardew, James (see numerical list for others) 568 Parker, Mr.; Mr. George Lane (US Diplomats) 212 Parthasarathy, Mr Gopalswamy, special envoy to Mrs Gandhi (India) 482 Parthasarathy, Mr.; Mrs. Ghandi 751 Pastukhov, Boris (Russian deputy FM and presidential rep.) 752 Pastukhov, Boris (Russian deputy FM); Viktor Barannikov (Russian Security Minister); Andrei Kosyev (Russian FM) 755 Pastukhov, Boris (Russian deputy FM); UN Officials including Edouard Brunner (personal rep. to the UN Sec-Gen) 763 Pastukhov, Boris (Russian deputy FM); CSCE; Mr. Edouard Brunner (UN rep.) 943 Pastukhov, Boris; Feliks Kovalev (Russian ambassador at large); Mr. Edouard Brunner (UN special rep.) 945 Pastukhov, Boris; Feliks Kovalev; Aleksey Bolshakov (Russian deputy PM) 986 Pastukhov, Boris; Aleksey Bolshakov (Russian deputy PM) 682 Peacock, Mr.; Dr. Kurt Waldheim (UN Sec-Gen); Mr. Fraser; Signor Waispeare 1080 Pédanou, Macaire, head of UN Good Will Mission to Rwanda and Uganda 1112 Pedauye, Antonio - UNPROFOR Chief of Mission 979 Pelen, Olivier (French diplomat and deputy head of the OSCE mission to Chechnia); replacing Sandor Meszaros (OSCE mediator) 874 Pelletreau, Robert (US Ass. Sec. of State for Near Eastern Affairs) 674 Pereira, President Aristides Maria (Cape Verde) 949 Perry, William (US Defence Minister); Richard Holbrooke (US Ass. Sec. of State); "Contact Group" reps. 127 Peru (unspecified) 128 Peru/USA 632 Peter, Mr. James (Hungarian Foreign Minister) 781 Petterson, Donald (US Ambassador in Khartoum); IGAAD; Pres. D.A. Mo (Kenya); Zachary Onyonka (Kenyan Research and Science Minister) 935 Philips, Danny (Solomon FM) 403 PICC (Paris International Conference on Cambodia) 61 Pimicerio, Dr. M., ; Prof. G. La Pira (Professors at the University of Milan) 996 Piriz-Ballon, Ramiro (UN special rep. to Tadjikistan) 1086 Ramiro Piriz-Ballon, UN Special Envoy; Russia; Iran 997 Piriz Ballon, Ramiro (UN special rep.); Pres. Nursultan Nazabayev (Kazakhstan); OSCE, OIC; Russian Federation; Iran; Pakistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan 787 Piriz-Ballon, Ramiro (UN Sec.Gen. special rep. for Tadjikistan); Russia; CSCE, Afghanistan; Iran; Pakistan; Kazakhstan;OIC 272 PLO negotiating team (unspecified) 182 PLO/Libya (unspecified) 366 Plate, Dr.Juan I.(Paraguay) for OAS Commission 51 Plaza, Dr. G. (Ecuador) Former President; UN mediator 65 Pope Paul 219 Portillo, President Lopez of Mexico 329 Portugal/USA/Soviet Union (unspecified) 1023 Portugal , France. 889 Posuvalyak, Viktor (Foriegn Ministry Middle East section head); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM); Igor Ivanov (Russian First Deputy FM) 887 Powell, Gen. Colin (former US Armed Forces Chief of Staff); Jimmy Carter; Senator Sam Nunn 914 Presel, Joseph (US emissary to OSCE's Minsk Group) 920 Presel, Joseph (US emissary to OSCE's Minsk Group); Sam Brown (Ambassador to OSCE Minsk Group) 292 Primakov, Yeugeny (envoy for President Gorbachev) 573 Puente, Pablo (papal nuncio) 396 Puerifoy, Mr. (US Ambassador to Guatemala), Mr. McDermott (US Ambassador to El Salvador); President Osorio (El Salvador); Mgr Gennaro Verolina (Papal Nuncio); as OAS Team 881 Qaddour, Nasser (Syrian Deputy FM) 676 Quale, Vice-President Dan; President Bush 859 Quesnot, Gen. Christian (Pres. Mitterand's personal military chief of staff); Col. Bentegeat (Gen. Quesnot's deputy); Jean- Marc Rochereau de la Sabliere (Head of French Foreign ministry's Africa Dept.); Bruno Delaye (Mitterand's Africa adviser) 228 Quintanilla, Louis (Mexico); Guillermo Vallodo (Paraguay); JoseChiribogan (Ecuador); John Drier (USA); Fernando Lobo (Brazil); as OAS Team 999 Rabbani, President (Afghanistan) 936 Radebe, Aleshack (ANC leader and recognised mediator); Sipho Mbaba (INKATHA leader and recognised mediator) 806 Raffaelli, Mario (former Italian diplomat and CSCE) 1102 Raffaelli (chair), CSCE Minsk Group, Mario Sicca (acting chair - Italy) 802 Raffaelli, Mario (former Italian Under-Sec at the ministry of FA and leader of Italian Mission); Ambassador Mario Sicca

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(team deputy Chairman) : CSCE Minsk Group 803 Raffaelli, Mario (Italian, CSCE Minsk Group); John Maresca (US mediator); Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian deputy FM); officials from Russia, USA, Turkey 1099 Rafsanjani, Hashemi - Iran President Akbar; Vaezi, Mahmoud - Iran Deputy FM; CSCE reps 161 Rahman, Prince Musaid bin Abdur; Saudi Arabian envoy 982 Raphel, Ms. Robin (US Ass. Sec. of State on South Asian Affairs) 790 Raphel, Ms. Robin (US Assistant Sec. of State on South Asian Affairs); Strobe Talbott (US Deputy Sec. of State) 300 Ratsanjani, Hashemi Ali Aubar (President of Iran) 720 Rawlings, Jerry (ECOWAS chairman); UN 929 Rawlings, Jerry (Pres. of Ghana); Gen. Sani Abacha (Nigerian Head of State); Pres. Blaise Cimpaore (Burkina Faso); Amara Essy (Ivory Coast FM) 931 Rawlings, res. Jerry; ECOWAS Mediation Committee on Liberia; plus Nigeria, Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Togo, Mali 514 Rawson, David (US Ambassador to Rwanda); John Shattuck (US Ass. Sec. of State for Humanitarian Affairs) 616 Reagan, President; Mr. Alexander Haig; US officials 499 Reagan, President; Mr. Shultz; other senior US officials 407 Red Cross International/OAU (unspecified) 245 Red Cross (unspecified) 1066 Red Cross (ICRC); UN agencies; NGO’s 839 Redman, Charles (US special rep. to Bosnia) 840 Redman, Charles (US special rep.); Lord Owen; Thorvald Stoltenberg 841 Redman, Charles (US special rep.); Stephen Oxman (US Assistant sec. of state); Warren Christopher (US Sec. of State); other US officials 842 Redman, Charles (US special rep.); US officials 843 Redman, Charles (US special rep.); Ambassador Aleksei Nikiforov (Russia); David Manning (UK); Michael Steiner (Germany); Jacques de Sedony (France); as "Contact Group" : EU/UN 848 Redman, Charles (US special rep.); Vitali Churkin (Russian special rep.); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM); Yasushi Akashi (UN special rep.) 637 Reeves, Dr. Ambrose (former Anglican bishop of Johannesburg);Rev. A.J.Muste (New York Presbyterian Minister); Rabbi Abraham Fienberg of Toronto 662 Remi, Mr. R.C. (Malagasy FM), Malagasy delegation led by Mr. Xavier Michel Andrianarhinjah (the Speaker of Madagascar's Assembly) 577 Reps. from Libya; Kuwait; Tunisia; Syria; Saudi Arabia; Qatar;South Yemen 303 Riad, Mahmoud (Secretary General of the Arab League) 103 Riad, Mahmoud, OAU Sec General 184 Richard, Ivor British Ambassador to the UN 233 Riley, Major General (UN Chief of Staff, Truce Supervision Org.) 251 Rillye, Maj-Gen, UN Sec-Gen Chief Military Adviser; P. Spinelli, UN European Office Director 108 Rivero, Dr Jose Luis Bustamante y (former President of Peru) 551 Riza, Igbal (UN special envoy to Rwanda, Ass. Sec.Gen. for Peacekeeping); Maj.Gen. Joseph Maurice Baril(UN Military Adviser in Rwanda to Sec.Gen.) 206 Rochan, Mgr Georges; Mgr Dominic Conway (Papal Mission) 357 Rogachev, Igor (Soviet Deputy FM); Richard Soloman, (US Sec of State) 74 Rogers, William (US Sec of State) 52 Rolz Bennett, Senor Jose (Guatemala); UN Mediator/later UN Secretary for Political Affairs 1025 Rolz Bennet, Jose, UN Rep; U Thant. 635 Ronning, Mr Chester (Canadian diplomat); Eastern European Officials 838 Rose, Lt.Gen. Sir Michael (new UN Commander in Sarajevo) 850 Rose, Lt.Gen. Sir Michael (UN Commander); Yasushi Akashi (UN special rep.); Gen. Bertrand de Lapresle (military head of the UN Protection forces) 853 Rose, Lt.Gen. Sir Michael; Yasushi Akashi (UN special rep.) 855 Rose, Lt.Gen. Sir Michael; Victor Andreev (UN Senior Civil Affairs Officer) 857 Rose, Lt.Gen. Sir Michael (UN Commander); Yasushi Akashi (UN special rep.); UN officials 15 Rostow, Walt W. 58 Roussin, Michel (French Minister of Co-operation) 589 Rowland, Roland "Tiny"; Pres. Mugabe; Italian/Vatican officials 465 Rowland, Mr. Roland "Tiny" (Chief Executive of Lonhro) 603 Rowland, Mr. ; Mr. Crosland (UK) 588 Rowland, Roland "Tiny"; President Mugabe 634 Rumanian delegation headed by Mr. Emil Bodnaras 438 Russian Military Commander (unspecified) 594 Russia (unspecified) 1135 Russia; CSCE 757 Russia; UN 912 Russia; OSCE Minsk Group 1085 Russia; UN; Afghanistan; Iran; Kazahkstan; Kyrgyzstan; Pakistan 1086 Russia; UN Special Envoy Ramiro Piriz-Ballon; Iran 760 Russian Defence Officials 1075 Russian Federation reps.; UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) 469 Rwegasira, Joseph (Tanzanian FM); OAU; Ami Mpungwe (Tanzanian Ambassador) 478 Rwegasira, Joseph (Tanzanian FM); Salim Ahmed Salim (OAU Sec.Gen.) 104 Rydbeck, Olaf (Sweden) permanent rep at UN; UN mediator 265 Sabah, Shaikh as Kuwait); Arab League (unspecified); Arafat (PLO) 335 Sabah, Shaikh Sabah al Ahmad al Jabir as (Kuwaiti FM), Arab League Committee Chairman 859 Sabliere, Jean-Marc Rochereau de la (Head of French Foriegn Ministry'sAfrica Department); Gen. Christian Quesnot (Pres. Mitterand's personal military chief of staff); Col. Bentegeat (Gen. Quesnot's deputy); Bruno Delaye (Mitterand's Africa adviser)

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78 Sacasa, Dr Sevilla (Nicaraguan rep on Permanent Council of OAS); reps from Argentina, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Equador, Guatemala,US; as OAS Team 97 Sadat, Anwar (Egypt) President 381 Sadeq, Leit.Gen.Mohammed (Egyptian Chief of Staff and envoy to President Nasser 382 Sadeq, Gen. (Egypt); Kuwaiti Defence and FM's; General Nemery (Sudan); M. Bali Ladgham (Tunisia); as Four-man Arab Mission 425 Sahnoun, Mohamed (UN special envoy to Somalia) 1065 Sahnoun, Mohamed, UN special envoy to Somalia; UN 15 Member Technical Team members from the OAU, Arab League and OIC 870 Said, Sultan Qaboos bin (Omani leader) 876 Said, Sultan Qaboos bin (Omani leader); Youssef bin Alawi bin Abdullah (Omani FM) 422 Salim Ahmed Salim, OAU Secretary-General 478 Salim Ahmed Salim (OAU Sec.Gen.); Joseph Rwegasira (Tanzanian FM) 515 Salim Ahmed Salim (OAU Sec.Gen.); Jaques-Roger Booh-Booh (UN special rep.); John Malecela (Tanzanian PM); Pres. Ali Hassan Mwinyi (Tanzania) 1078 Salim Ahmed Salim, OAU Sec.Gen; UN Reconnaissance Mission of Senior Offices; Tanzania; 937 Salim, Salim Ahmed (OAU Sec-Gen) as leader of four-man OAU mission 505 Salvi, Dr. Con (UN Special envoy) 623 Samper, Dr. Hernando (Colombia - Chairman of UN Commission) 923 Samuel, Tamarat (UN special rep. to East Timor) 922 Samuel, Tamarat (UN special rep.); Mr. Francesc Vendrall (UN special rep. to East Timor) 1118 Sanchez, Pres. Arias, and Contradora Group 791 Sandabayev, Kanat (Kazakhstan FM) 629 Sandys, Mr. Duncan; Mr. Harriman, US Assistant Sec. of State 46 Sandys, Mr. Duncan, Commonwealth Relations and Colonial Secretary 903 Santos, Charles (Adviser to M. Mestiri) as leader of four-man UN team 388 Saqqaf, Dr.Omar (Saudi Foreign Minister), Dr.Hassan Sabry el Kholi (Personal envoy to President Sadat of Egypt) 494 Sassou-Nguesso, President (Congo - as Chairman of OAU) 983 Sastrohandoyo, Wiryono (Indonesia's ambassador to the Philippines); Ali Alatas (Indonesian FM); ICO and Indonesian officials 26 Saudi Arabia (unspecified) 44 Saudi Arabia/Egypt (arbitration team) 317 Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Egypt (unspecified) 547 Saudi delegation led by King Fahd's special emissary, Abdullah bin Abd al-Muhisin al-Turki 411 Saud, King of Saudi Arabia 257 Schaufele, William (US Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs) 341 Scheer, Francois (French Foreign Minister) 60 Seaboin, Blair (Canada) rep on ICC 42 Sebah, Sheikh Sabah al Salu al (PM); Kuwaiti Crown Prince 843 Sedony, Jaques de (France); Michael Steiner (Germany); David Manning (UK); Ambassador Aleksei Nikiforov (Russia); Charles Redman (US special rep.); as "Contact Group" 205 Selassie, Hailie (Ethiopia); General Aakrah; President Ahidijo; M.D. Telli; as OAU Advisory Mission 36 Selassie, Hailie (Ethiopia); President Keita (Mali) 502 Selassie, Hailie (Emporer of Ethiopia) 35 Selassie, Hailie (Ethiopia / OAS Pres.) 76 Senghor, President (Senegal); OAU fact finding mission with Pres. Ahidijo (Cameroon); President Mobutu (Zaire); General Gowan (Nigeria) 256 Senghor, President (Senegal); President Eyadema (Togo); President Kountche (Niger); PM Bearogvi (Guinea); Eteki Mboumosa (OAU Sec-Gen); Mr. Abdelghani (Algerian rep); Arteh Ghalib (Somalian Sec of State) : OAU Mediation Commission 578 Senghor, President (Senegal) 157 Senghor, President (Senegal); Heads of State of Algeria, Cameroon, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal; as OAU ad hoc Committee with President Bongo of Gabon as Chairman 592 Seranton, Mr. William (former Republican Governor of Pennsylvania and President Nixon's envoy) 549 Sevan, Benon (UN special rep. for Afghanistan) 572 Sfeir, Mgr Nasrullah (Maronite Patriarch); a Maronite Committee 20 Shah of Iran 865 Shaker, Sharif Zeid bin (Royal Court Chief); King Hussein (Jordon); Jordanian officials 873 Shakir, Sharif Zayd bin (Chief of the Royal Hashemite Court - Jordon); Dr. Khalidal-Karaki (Adviser to King Hussein); Maj- Gen Id Kamil al-Rawden (Assistant to the Chairman of the Jordanian Joint Chief of Staff) 343 Shar, Zahir (former King of Afghanistan) 550 Sharif, Mian Mohammad Nawaz (Pakistan PM); Pakistani officials 628 Sharif, Mian Mohammed Nawaz (Pakistan PM); Pres. Khan (Pakistan); Shaharyar Khan (Pakistan Foreign Secretary) 872 Sharif, Safwat (Egyptian Information Minister); Badr Hamman (Egyptian Assistant FM); Rashid Abdulla al-Nuami (UAE FM) 514 Shattuck, John (US Assistant Sec. of State for Humanitarian Affairs); David Rawson (US Ambassador to Rwanda) 877 Shawareb, Mujahed Abu (Northern Yemeni deputy PM); and other Yemeni mediators 310 Shehabi, Maj.Gen. (Syrian Chief of Staff) 209 Shepherd, Lord, Minister of State for Commonwealth Affairs 814 Sherimkulov, Medetkan (Kyrgyz Parliament Chairman and leader of CIS Interparliamentary Mission) 815 Sherimkulov, Medetkan (Kyrgyz Parliament Chairman); Vladimir Shumeyko (Speaker of Russia's Upper House) 330 Shevardnadze, Edward (Soviet Foreign Minister), James Baker (US Secretary of State 537 Shevardnadze, Mr. Eduard (Soviet Foriegn Minister) 804 Sheverdnadze, Pres. Eduard (Georgia); Pres. Leonid Kravchuk (Ukraine); Hikmet Cetin (Turkish FM) 130 Shultz, George (US) Sec of State 498 Shultz, Mr. George; Mr. Habib (leader of US delegation) 497 Shultz, Mr. George (US Secretary of State); Mr. Habib; Mr. Morris Draper 499 Shultz, Mr. George; President Reagan; other senior US officials 815 Shumeyko, Vladimir (Speaker of Russia's Upper House); Medetkan Sherimkulov (Kyrgyz Parliament Chairman)

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802 Sicca, Mario (Ambassador and deputy team chairman); Mario Raffaelli (former Italian Under-Sec. at the ministry of FA and leader of Italian mission) : CSCE Minsk Group 1102 Sicca , Mario (acting chair - Italy). CSCE Minsk Group, Raffaelli (chair) 504 Sihanouk, Prince Norodom (Cambodian Head of State) 1037 Siilasvuo, Gen. Ensio P.H. (Finland) UN interim commander UNEF II; US Sec. of State, Kissinger 1038 Siilasvuo, Gen. Ensio P.H. (Finland) UN interim commander UNEF II and Chiar of Military Working Group of the Geneva `Peace Conference; UN Sec.Gen rep. R. Guyer 1039 Siilasvuo, Gen. Ensio P.H. (Finland) UN interim commander UNEF II and Chiar of Military Working Group of the Geneva Peace Conference on the Middle East 1040 Siilasvuo, Gen. Ensio P.H. (Finland) UN interim commander UNEF II; US and USSR reps. 73 Sisco, Joseph J. (US) Ass Sec of State 337 Six member Arab League Committe on Lebanon (unspecified) 748 Skaneu, Petter, and Gunnar Stualsett (Lutheran World Federation reps.) 207 Smith, Mr Arnold, Commonwealth Secretary General 208 Smith, Mr Arnold/Odaka (Ugandan Foreign Minister)/President Obote (Uganda) 951 Smith, Lt-Gen Rupert (new commander replacing LT-Gen Sir Michael Rose) 793 Soares, Joao Baena (OAS Sec.Gen.); FMs of Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela and 5 Central American States) 548 Social Democratic Party (Germany) 715 Soglo, President Nicephore (Benin - ECOWAS chairman); James Jonah (UN Under-Sec.Gen.); Rev. Canaan Banana (OAU envoy) 716 Soglo, President Nicephore (Benin); Trevor Gordon-Somers (UN envoy); Rev. Canaan Banana (OAU envoy); bass Bundu (Executive Sec. of ECOWAS) 858 Soglo, President Nicephore (Benin) as current ECOWAS President; Robert Dossou (Benin FM) 536 Solarz, Mr. Stephen (Chairman of the House Foreign Affairs sub-committee on Asian and Pacific Affairs) - and leader of US Congressional delegation 357 Soloman, Richard (US Secretary of State), Iyor Rogachev (Soviet Deputy FM) 371 Solomon Islands (unspecified) 286 South Africa, Angola, Cuba (unspecified) 675 Soviet(USSR), US, Portuguese, UN officials 474 Soviet Union (USSR) (unspecified) 25 Soviet Union (USSR); USA 402 Soviet Union (USSR) and UN Officials (unspecified) 340 Sozzi, Mgr.Alberto (Vatican mediator) 24 Spaak, M., Sec General, NATO 666 Spinelli, Signor Pier (UN rep. to Yemen) 251 Spinelli, Pier (UN European Office Director) and Rillye, Maj Gen (UNSec.Gen. Chief Military Adviser) 776 Stack, Laurie (US Department for African Affairs; Edmund DeJarnette (US envoy); Alioune Blondin Beye (UN rep.) 75 Steiner, Michael (US) head of Egyptian section of State Dept.; Donald Bergus (US rep in Egypt) 843 Steiner, Michael (Germany); Jaques de Sedony (France); David Manning (UK); Ambassador Aleksei Nikiforov (Russia); Charles Redman (US special rep.) 1021 Stephanopoulos, George (US State Dept.). 395 Stevens, President (Sierra Leone) and President Eyadema (Togo) as Chairs of OAU ad hoc Committee on Chad, with reps. from Benin, Togo, Congo, Guinea 818 Stewart, Col. Bob (Commander of British Cheshire regiment) 822 Stoltenberg, Thorvald (UN mediator replacing Cyrus Vance); Cyrus Vance; Lord Owen; Reginald Bartholomew (US special envoy) 965 Stoltenberg, Thorvald (UN mediator replacing Cyrus Vance) 823 Stoltenberg, Thorvald; Lord Owen 1114 Stoltenberg, Thorvald - UN rep.; Owen, Lord - EC; Vance, Cyrus - UN 832 Stoltenberg, Thorvald; Lord Owen; Willy Claes (Belgian FM); European Union (EU) Minister's meeting 835 Stoltenberg, Thorvald; Lord Owen; Willy Claes (Belgium FM); Hans van den Broek (EU External Political AffairsCommissioner); EU FMs 836 Stoltenberg, Thorvald; Lord Owen; Klaus Kinkel (German FM) 840 Stoltenberg, Thorvald; Lord Owen; Charles Redman (US special rep.) 849 Stoltenberg, Thorvald; Lord Owen; Vitali Churkin (Russian FM); Warren Christopher (US Sec. of State); Hans van den Broek (EU External Political Affairs Commissioner); Alain Juppe (French FM); FMs from Britain, Germany, Greece, Belgium 854 Stoltenberg, Thorvald; Lord Owen; Kai Eide (international mediator); US, EU, and Russian Ambassadors to Croatia 961 Stoltenberg, Thorvald; Carl Bildt (EU mediator and former Swedish PM) 988 Stoltenberg, Thorvald; Peter Galbraith 554 Stone, Mr. (US special envoy) 556 Stone, Mr; President Monge of Costa Rica 748 Stualsett, Gunnar and Petter Skaneu (Lutheran World Federation reps.) 99 Sudan (unspecified) 391 Sudan, Libya, Niger (unspecified) 1002 Suleyman, Mr. Umar (special envoy to Pres. Mubarak - Egypt) 328 Sultan, Prince Bandar bin (Saudi Ambassador to US), Prince Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz (Saudi Crown Prince); Mr. Rafiq al Harirri (Lebanese businessman) 326 Sultan, Prince Bandar bin (Saudi Arabia), Mr. McFarlane (US special presidential envoy); Mr. Rafiq al-Harirri (Lebanese businessman) 643 Swiss Government 285 Syria (unspecified) 387 Syrian mediation team headed by Maj.Gen. Mustafa Tlas, Chief of Staff 334 Syria/Iran (unspecified) 120 Syria/Kuwait (unspecified) 283 Syria; Iraq; Jordon (unspecified) 687 Taherian, Mohammed Ebrahim (Iranian special envoy to Afghanistan) 681 Talabani, Jalal (PUK leader - Kurdish group)

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790 Talbott, Strobe (US Deputy Sec. of State); Ms. Robin Raphel (US Assistant Sec. of State on South Asian Affairs) 930 Tailor, Tamba (traditional Liberian Tribal Chief) 915 Talvitie, Heikki (Finish diplomat and new OSCE Minsk Group co-chairman) 918 Talvitie, Heikk; Rene Nyberg (Finland); Vladimir Kazimirov (Russia); Valentin Lozinsky (Russia) - as co-chairmen of OSCE Minsk Group 980 Talvitie, Heikki; Valentin Lozinsky (Russia) as co-chairmen of OSCE Minsk Group; Vladimir Kazimirov 981 Talvitie, Heikki; Valentin Lozinsky (Russia) as co-chairmen of OSCE Minsk Group 993 Talvitie, Heikki; Valentin Lozinsky; Vladimir Kazimirov - as co-chairmen of OSCE Minsk Group; Klaus Klinkel (German FM) 464 Tanzania (unspecified) 1079 Tanzania; OAU 1078 Tanzania; UN Reconnaissance Mission of Senior Offices; OAU Sec.Gen Salim Ahmed Salim 277 Team of US Clergymen (unspecified) 363 Tejera, Senor Enrigue (Venezuela) for the Inter American Peace Conference 205 Telli, M.D.; H. Selassie; Gen. Aakrah; Pres. Ahidijo; as AOU Advisory Mission 384 Ten Arab Heads of Government (unspecified) 166 Thailand (unspecified) 545 Thailand; Japan 591 Thant, U; UN Security Council 53 Thant, U, UN Sec General 1025 Thant, U; Dr Jose Rolz Bennet, UN Rep. 348 The Vatican, Italian Government, Mgr.Jaime Goncalves (Archbishop of Beira) 349 The Vatican, Italian Government, JVC (Joint Verification Comm.) 946 Thomas, Charles (US member of "Contact Group" and mediator); joined later by other members of the "Contact Group" 281 Thomas, John (American Indian activist) 585 Three-man UN delegation led by Under-Secretary General Mr. Abdulrahim Farah 70 Tito (Yugoslavia); Nasser (Egypt) 387 Tlas, Gen. Mustafa, (Syrian Chief of Staff) - leader of Syrian mediation team 449 Tohamy, Dr. Mohammed Hassan al (Secretary General of the ICO) 1026 Tolbert, William Richard Jrn., Liberian Vice-President 137 Tome, President (Guinea), leader of ICO negotiating team 655 Toruno, Rodolfo Quezadaa (Roman Catholic Bishop of Zacapa and President of Guatemala Bishop's Conference) and head of National Reconciliation Commission 746 Toruno, Rodolfo Quezada (Head of Reconciliation Commission); Spain; Colombia; USA; Mexico; Venezuela; Catholic Church; Yago Pico de Coana (Secretary for Iberno-American Affairs at the Spanish Foreign Ministry) 410 Toure, Ahmed Sekou (President of Guinea) 491 Traore, President Moussa (Mali) 457 Traore, President Moussa (Mali - as OAU Chairman) 351 Traore, Moussa (President of Mali) chairman: President Omar Bongo (Gabon and OAU mediator); President Ibrahim Babangida (Nigeria); President Chadli Bendjedid (Algeria) 669 Tri-partite Committee: FMs of Sudan, Iraq, Morocco 771 Trovoada, PRESIDENT Miguel (Sao Tome and Principe) 364 Trucco, Senor Mannel (Chile) for the Joint Cooperation Commission 624 Truman, President; Mr. Atlee; UN Kashmir Commission 1027 Tubman (Pres. Liberia, UN representative) 240 Tubman (President of Liberia/OAU rep.), Diori (President of Niger), and Keita (President of Mali) 22 Tunisia/Morroco (unspecified) 49 Tuomioja, Sakari (Finland) Ambassador to Sweden; UN mediator 985 Tutu, Archbishop Desmond; Jimmy Carter; Julius Nyrere (former Tanzanian president) 642 Union Africanine et Malgache (UAM) conference 679 Union Africanine et Malgache (UAM) and Counseil de l’Entente (CDE - African Heads of State) - France and West African governments 04 UK-Britain (unspecified) 1137 UK FM 48 UK-Britian; USA (unspecified) 374 UK-Britian; USA/France (unspecified) 1042 UK Foreign Minister; Guyer, R. (UN observer) 1044 UK Foreign Minister; UNFICYP reps 146 UN (unspecified) 378 UN 5 nation Commission to Eritrea: South Africa, Norway, Pakistan, Burma, Guatemala 1065 UN 15 Member Technical Team members from the OAU, Arab League and OIC; Mohamed Sahnoun, UN special envoy to Somalia 1064 UN 15 Member Technical Team headed by Robert Gallagher and assisted by reps. of the OAU, Arab League, and the OIC 379 UN ad hoc Committee: Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Canada, Denmark, Ecuador, Greece, Liberia, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Turkey, USA 1066 UN agencies; Red Cross (ICRC), NGO’s 1074 UN Advanced Team of 17 Military Observers (Pre UNOMIG - was later absorbed into it) 475 UN Assistance Mission to Rwanda (UNAMIR) 08 UN CIP (Kashmir Commission) 1119 UN Commission for Indonesia 189 UN Conciliation Commission (Congo) 615 UN delegation led by Mr. Urquhart; UN; Angola 1100 UN Fact Finding Mission led by Francesco Vendrell (Spain), Senior UN Officials at the Dept. of Political Affairs 575 UN fact-finding sub-committee: reps. of Ivory Coast, Cuba, Iran 1083 UN Fact Finding Mission (China, Czech Republic, Germany, Honduras, Indonesia, Nigeria, USA) 1071 UN Fact Finding Mission to Liberia and UN Special Envoy, Lakhdar Brahimi 1087 UN Fact Finding Mission to Tadjikistan 852 UN French Battalion

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1120 UN General Assembly 06 UN GOC 1089 UN Good Offices Mission to Tadjikistan 619 UN Good Offices Committee/UN Security Council 1076 UN Good Will Mission to Rwanda and Uganda 1075 UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR); Russian Federation reps. 1051 UN initiated and chaired Supervisory and Monitoring Commission (CSC), including government reps., RENAMP delegations, reps. Of Italy, Frandce, UK, USA and the OAU 1050 UN Inquiry and Conciliation Commission 1037 UN interim commander UNEF II - Gen. Ensio P.H. Siilasvuo (Finland); US Sec. of State, Kissinger 1038 UN interim commander UNEF II - Gen. Ensio P.H. Siilasvuo (Finland) and Chiar of Military Working Group of the Geneva Peace Conference; UN Sec.Gen rep. R. Guyer 1039 UN interim commander UNEF II - Gen. Ensio P.H. Siilasvuo (Finland) and Chiar of Military Working Group of the Geneva Peace Conference on the Middle East 1040 UN interim commander UNEF II - Gen. Ensio P.H. Siilasvuo (Finland); US and USSR reps. 1052 UN Joint Commission for the Formation of the Mozambique Defence Force (CCFADM) under UN chairmanship) 1057 UN Joint Group investigating Politically Motivated Illegal Armed Groups (including ONUSA: rep. - UN) 624 UN Kashmir Commission; Mr. Atlee; President Truman 321 UN Liason Officers (unspecified) 1072 UN Mission - Fact Finding Team to Georgia 250 UN Mission: Dey Ould Sidi Baba (Morocco); Mandel Pio Carrea (Brazil); M. Moise Aka (Ivory Coast) 413 UN Mission: Maj.Gen.Padma Rahadur Khatri (Nepal) chairman, with reps from Colombia, Finland, Poland, Zambia 1056 UN Observer Mission in EL Salvador (ONUSAL) 1055 UN Observer Mission in EL Salvador (ONUSAL); Boutros-Ghali, Dr. Boutros, UN Sec.Gen. 249 UN Observer Team (unspecified); Mgr Emanuele Clarizo (Papal Nuncio) 683 UN Officials; Dr. Kurt Waldheim (UN Sec-Gen) 402 UN Officials; Soviet Union (unspecified) 414 UN Officials; Mr. Casper Weinberger; Mr. Richard Murphy 562 UN observer mission in El Salvador 191 UN officials (unspecified); Mr Robert Gardiner, UN official 708 UN Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) 710 UN Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM); Imam of Hirab 646 UN Palestine Conciliation Commission 1117 UNPF Theater Force Commander 1078 UN Reconnaissance Mission of Senior Offices; Tanzania; OAU Sec.Gen Salim Ahmed Salim 07 UN Security Council 1091 UN Secretariat Officials (Senior) 1017 UN Security Council, Boutros-Ghali. 1062 UN Security Council President (on behalf of the Security Council) 359 UN Security Council, rep. of UN Sec.Gen., Indonesia. 1018 UN Security Counci;l Boutros-Ghali; Joe Clark (UN special rep to Cyprus). 1113 UN Security Council Fact Finding Mission in Yugoslavia - France, Hungary, New Zealand, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Venezuela 47 UNSC Investigating sub-committee for Corfu Channel Question 358 UN Sec-Gen Rep/France Indonesia 1115 UN Sec.Gen Person Rep.; UNPROFOR Commander; UN Security Council 1122 UN Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 1053 UN Special Mission - nine Security Council Members (Brazil, Czech Republic, Djibouti, New Zealand, Nigeria, Oman, Russion Rederation, USA) 1077 UN Technial Mission (Rwanda) 1060 UN Technical Mission led by Lt.Gen. Martin Vadset, Chief of Staff UNTSO 1073 UN Technical Planning Team 428 UN technical team to Somalia lead by Peter Hanser (Former Ass.Sec.Gen) 1090 UN Technical Survey Team - 15 Military Observers under Brigadier.Gen. Hasan Abaza (Jordan) in Tadjikistan 1082 UN Under Sec. Gen (unspecified) 520 UN (unspecified); Cyrus Vance, US Secretary of State 932 UN and ECOMOG observers 935 UN; ECOWAS 1138 UN; EU 1127 UN; EU; Vance, Cyrus 998 UN; Iranian officials 1063 UN; OAU; Oragnisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC); Arab League; Jonah, James, UN Under Sec.Gen. for Special Political Affairs and haed of delegation 1036 UNEF II reps. 1043 UNFICYP reps. 1044 UNFICYP reps; UK Foreign Minister 415 UNIFIL, UN Officials, Mr.Brian Urquart 159 UNIFIL (unspecified) 1049 UNFIL I rep. (unspecified); Ambassador Philip Habib, personal rep. to US Presient 1069 UNOSOM II reps 1070 UNOSOM II reps; Ethiopian government reps. 1068 UNOSOM II Deputy Special Rep. (unspecified) 947 UNPROFOR; UNHCR 948 UNPROFOR officials 1110 UNPROFOR Force Commander 1111 UNPROFOR (unspecified representatives) 1106 UNPROFOR - sponsored talks 801 UNTAC officials

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202 UN/Angola (unspecified) 290 UN/OAS, CIAV (IN Commission for Support and Verification) 289 UN/OAU (unspecified) 424 UN; OAU; Arab League, and Islamic Conference Organisation(ICO) 1085 UN; Afghanistan; Iran; Kazahkstan; Kyrgyzstan; Pakistan; Russia 224 University of El Salvador (unspecified) 415 Urquart, Mr. Brian; UNIFIL; UN officials 203 Urquhart, Brian, UN official; Dr. Kurt Waldheim 615 Urquhart, Mr. (leader of UN delegation); UN; Angola 236 Urrutia, Dr. (Colombian Diplomat); Dag Hammarskjold 005 USA (unspecified) 1129 US ambassador to Saudi Arabia 536 US Congressional Delegation led by Mr. Stephen Solarz, Chairman of the House Foriegn Affairs sub-committee on Asian and Pacific Affairs 498 US Delegation led by Mr. Habib; George Shultz 617 US Mission: Dr. Crocker, Mr. Wiliam Clark, Mr. Elliot Abrams 557 US non-partisan group in Los Angeles 950 US, Russian, EU, and UN diplomats 279 US Team led by Prof. Norman Forer 273 USA/individual deputation led by Mr. Ramsey Clarke (former Attorney General) and Mr. William Millar (US Senate Committee on Intelligence) 325 USA State Dept.; EC FMs; Hans Vanden Broek, Netherland FM 569 USA/Arab League 519 US, Brazil, Honduras, Mexico, Venezuela 374 USA/France/Britian (unspecified) 261 USA/NATO (unspecified) 128 USA/Peru 329 USA/Portugal/Soviet Union (unspecified) 232 USA/Siam: Chaired by US Military Attache Col. R. D. Palmer 48 USA/UK (unspecified) 1040 US and USSR reps.; UN interim commander UNEF II - Gen. Ensio P.H. Siilasvuo (Finland) 25 USA/USSR (unspecified) 474 USSR-Soviet Union (unspecified) 431 USSR Interior Ministry Officials 329 USSR/USA/Portugal (unspecified) 1040 USSR and USA reps.; UN interim commander UNEF II - Gen. Ensio P.H. Siilasvuo (Finland) 417 Uthman, Mr.Abu Bakr (special envoy to President Nemery of Sudan/OAU Pres.) 1011 Utsunomiya Mr.Tokuma (leading member of Japanese Liberal-Democratic party), Mr. Tako Miki (Japanese PM). 541 Vadset, Lt-Gen Martin, leader of 15 member UN fact-finding mission 1060 Vadset, Lt.Gen. Martin, (Head) Chief of Staff UNTSO UN Technical Mission 1099 Vaezi, Mahmoud - Iran Deputy FM; Iran President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani; CSCE reps 228 Vallodo, Guillermo (Paraguay); Jose Chiribogan (Ecuador); John Drier(USA); Fernando Lobo (Brazil); Louis Quintanilla (Mexico); as OAS Team 92 Vance, Cyrus (US) Sec of State 528 Vance, Cyrus; Lord Owen, EC mediator replacing Carrington 530 Vance, Cyrus; Lord Owen; Boutros-Ghali 187 Vance, Cyrus; Richard Moose; David Owen; Andrew Young 520 Vance, Cyrus (US Sec of State and UN appointed personal rep. to Sec.Gen from Oct.8, 1991) 1096 Vance, Cyrus - UN Special Envoy, assisted by retired US ambassador Herbert Okun (his deputy in Yugoslavia) 399 Vance, Cyrus (former US Secretary of State as a UN Special Envoy) 613 Vance, Cyrus; President Carter; Dr. Kurt Waldheim 1107 Vance, Cyrus - UN; Gen. Lars Erik Wahlgren, head UNPROFOR; Lord Owen, EC 1114 Vance, Cyrus - UN; Lord Owen, EC; Thorvald Stoltenberg, UN rep. 822 Vance, Cyrus; Lord Owen; Reginald Bartholomew (US special envoy); Thorvald Stoltenberg (UN mediator replacing Cyrus Vance) 1127 Vance, Cyrus; EU; UN 590 Vatican/Italian officials; Zimbabwe; Botswana 297 Vauvell, Michel (Head of Foreign Affairs Committee, French National Assembly) 442 Va'ezi, Mahmud (Iranian deputy Foreign Minister) 346 Vellayati, Ali Akbar (Iranian Foreign Minister) 921 Vendrall, Mr. Francesc (UN Sec-Gen special rep. to East Timor) 922 Vendrall, Mr. Francesc (UN Special rep.); Tamarat Samuel (UN special rep.) 1100 Vendrell, Francesco (Spain) head of UN Fact Finding Mission Senior UN Officials at the Dept. of Political Affairs 269 Venezuelan and Colombian Presidents (unspecified) 519 Venezuela, US, Brazil, Honduras, Mexico 396 Verolino, Mgr Gennaro (Papal Nuncio); President Osorio (El Salvador); Mr. Peurifoy and Mr. McDermott (US Ambassadors to Guatemala and El Salvador); as OAS Team 995 Victorov, Valerian (deputy chairman of Russia's Federation Council); leader of CIS Interparliamentary Assembly delegation 645 Vigier, M. Henri (Dr. Bunche's personal rep. in Tel Aviv) 435 Vivien, Alain (French Minister Delegate for Foreign Affairs) 831 Vollebaek, Knut (deputy to Thorvald Stoltenberg) 1094 Von Schwarzenberg (head), 5 Member CSCE Fact Finding Mission and including a UK official 1093 Von Schwarzenberg, Karel Johannes (Czech), 9 Member CSCE delegation 599 Vorster, Mr. (South African PM) 183 Vorster, Prime Minister (South Africa)/President Kaunda (Zambia) 805 Vural, Volkan (Hikmet Cetin's deputy undersecretary); John Maresca (US special envoy to Nagorno-Karabakh); Vladimir Kazimirov (Russian deputy FM) 373 Vyshinsky, M.(Soviet member of UN Security Council)

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204 van Niekerk, Prof. (Namibia); President Kaunda (Zambia) 819 Wahlgren, Gen. Lars-Erik (Head of UNPROFOR) 1107 Wahlgren, Gen. Lars Erik - head UNPROFOR; Cyrus Vance, UN; Lord Owen, EC 682 Waispeare, Signor; Dr. Kurt Waldheim (UN Sec-Gen); Mr. Fraser; MrPeacock 241 Wako, Amos (UN Sec.Gen. envoy to East Timor) 203 Waldheim, Dr. Kurt/Brian Urquhart (UN Official) 682 Waldheim, Dr. Kurt (UN Sec-Gen); Mr. Fraser; Mr. Peacock; Signor Waispeare 1126 Waldheim, Dr. Kurt; ASEAN 200 Waldheim, Dr Kurt, UN Sec-Gen; "Contact Group" 54 Waldheim, Dr. Kurt (UN Sec-Gen) 1054 Waldheim, Dr. Kurt, UN Sec.Gen., acting under OAU auspices 683 Waldheim, Dr. Kurt; M. Lewin, K. Waldheim's personal rep.; UN Security Council 614 Waldheim, Dr. K.; Mr. Martti Ahtisaari (UN Sec.Gen. special rep.) 1126 Waldheim, Dr. (UN Sec-gen.); ASEAN 673 Waldheim, Dr. K.; Mr. J. Callaghan (UK Foreign and Commonwealth Secretary); Mr. N. Lunkov (Soviet Ambassador London) 613 Waldheim, Dr. K.; Mr. Vance; President Carter 369 Wallensteen, Dr.Peter 684 Walters, Gen. Vernon; Alexander Haig (US Sec of State); Mr. Thomas Enders 397 Webster, Bethnel (US Rep.) 197 Wedemeyer, Lt. General Albert, special envoy to the President 414 Weinberger, Mr. Casper; Mr. Richard Murphy; UN Officials 940 Weisner, Frank (US ambassador to India) 582 West African Countries and France 287 Western Representatives at UN (unspecified) 479 Willesee, Dr. Donald (Australian Foriegn Minister) 254 Williams, John, Minister of Information (Sierra Leone); Vice-President Murumbi (Kenya); Justin Bomboko (Congo-Kinshasa FM) 68 Wilson, Mr. Harold (UK) P.M. 638 Wilson, Mr. Harold (UK PM); Mr. Kosygin 894 Wirajuda, Hassan (Indonesian official); ICO officials 488 Wolde, Lt. Col. Goshu as part of OAU Mission led by Mr. Peter Onu (OAUSec-Gen) 192 World Council of Churches, unspecified 1022 Usayui, Mr. Sand Mohamed al (Kuwaiti Minister of State for Foreign Affairs). 405 Yamani, Shaikh Ahmed Zaki (Saudi Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources 741 Yaqub-Khan, Sahabzada (UN special envoy for Western Sahara) 742 Yaqub-Khan, Sahabzada (UN special envoy); Eric Jensen (Head of MINURSO - UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara) 743 Yaqub-Khan, Sahabzada (Un special envoy); USA; France; Britain; Cape Verde; Venezuela; Spain 900 Yasir, Khalid (Blondin Beye's deputy) 433 Yeltsin, Boris 439 Yeltsin, Boris; President Nursultan Nazarbayer of Kazakhstan 400 Yeltsin, Boris; President Gorbachev 665 Yemen 868 Yemeni, Jordanian, and Omani officers; US and French military attaches 454 Yongchaiyut, General Chaovalit (C-in-C Thai Army) 185 Young, Andrew, US Ambassador to UN; David Owen, UK Foreign Sec. 187 Young, Andrew; David Owen; Richard Moose; Cyrus Vance 186 Andrew Young, US Ambassador to the UN; Owen, David, British Foreign Secretary; Richard Moose, US Assistant Secretary of State for Africa 284 Yunis, Maj.Gen.Ibrahim (Head of Arab League military Commission) 667 Zaki, Akram (Pakistan Sec.Gen. for Foreign Affairs) 600 Zambian, Tanzanian and Botswanian Presidents 601 Zambia/South Africa; other FLS leaders 1028 Zellweger, Edouard, UN Sec.Gen. personal rep. to Laos 698 Zenawi, President Meles (Ethiopia) 699 Zenawi, President Meles (Ethiopia); Dr. Boutros-Ghali 702 Zenawi, Pres. Meles (Ethiopia); Bob Houdek (US deputy Ass. Sec. of State for African Affairs) 704 Zenawi, Pres. Meles (Ethiopia); Jan Eliasson (UN Under-Sec.Gen. for Humanitarian Affairs); Robert Oakley (US special envoy to Somalia) 779 Zenawi, Pres. Meles (Ethiopia); Pres. D.A. Moi (Kenya); Pres. Museveni (Uganda); Foreign Minister of Eritrea 783 Zenawi, Pres. Meles (Ethiopia); Isayas Afewerki (Eritrean leader); Pres. D.A. Moi (Kenya); Pres. Museveni (Uganda); IGAAD 1003 Zenawi, Pres. Meles (Ethiopia); Seyoum Mestiri (Ethiopian FM) 880 Zeronal, Pres. Liamine (Algeria); King Hassan (Morocco) 118 Zia, President of Pakistan, leader of ICO Good Offices Committee 952 Zlotov, Alexander (Russian "Contact Group" member); Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM); later Robert Fraser (US "Contact Group" delegate); Yasushi Akashi (UN mediator) 955 Zlotov, Alexander; "Contact Group" 957 Zlotov, Alexander (Russian "Contact Group" rep.) on solo mission 958 Zlotov, Alexander; Robert Frasure (US "Contact Group" rep.) 964 Zlotov, Alexander; Andrei Kosyrev (Russian FM)

1.Freedom House Survey Team, 1990, Freedom in the World, Freedom House, New York.

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2.ibid, pp.22-23.