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Vulva Model Prof Vulva Model Prof. Dr. D. Haag-Wackernagel 16 Beschreibung 1 Glans of clitoris Glans clitoridis 6 13 2 RSP (Infra-corporeal Residual Spongy Part) 3 Bulb of vestibule Bulbus vestibuli 7 5 14 4 Crus of clitoris Crus clitoridis 5 Body of clitoris ascending part 1 8 Corpus clitoridis pars ascendens 15 6 Angle of the clitoral body 2 7 Body of clitoris descending part Corpus clitoridis pars descendens 8 Intermediate Network of Kobelt 9 Pars intermedia 4 9 Urethra Urethra feminina 12 10 Vagina Vagina 3 11 11 Vestibule Vestibulum vaginae 12 Labia minora Labium minus pudendi 10 13 Prepuce of clitoris Preputium clitoridis 14 Clitoral hood 15 Frenulum of clitoris Frenulum clitoridis 16 Suspensory ligament of clitoris Ligamentum suspensorium clitoridis The model „Vulva“ shows on the left (4) that merges into the ascending cli- The vestibular bulbs (3) „ride“ on the side the isolated bulbo-clitoral organ toral body (5), the clitoral angle (6) and urethra (9) and the underlying vagina (1-8) named after Di Marino & Lepidi the descending clitoral body (7). The (10). They also consist of cavernous (2014) as well as the urethra (9) and cavernous structures show a high den- tissue but due to the absence of a true the underlying vagina (10). The right sity of sensory nerve endings, called tunica albuginea and a sub-albugineal side shows the vaginal vestibule (11), genital or bulbous corpuscles and venous network, an erection is not the labia minora (12), the prepuce of Pacinian corpuscles. These corpuscles possible. clitoris (13), its free end, the clitoral perceive tactile stimuli that are trans- hood (14), which is attached approxi- lated by the central nervous system The intermediate Network of Kobelt mately in the middle of the glans , the into sensations of sexual excitement. or pars intermedia (8) can be regard- frenulum of clitoris (15), and the sus- ed as a blood distributor that con- pensory ligament of clitoris (16) which The spongy structures (corpus spon- nects the vascular structures of the inserts in the region of the clitoris an- giosum) of the bulbo-clitoral organ in- bulbo-clitoral organ. Further venous gle and connects the bulbo-clitoral or- clude the glans of clitoris (1), the RSP connections from the pars intermedia gan to the pubic symphysis and the in- (2) the vestibular bulbs (3), and the exist to the labia minora (12), the cli- fra-umbilical white line (linea alba). intermediate network of Kobelt, the toral frenulum (15), the vestibule (11), pars intermedia (8). The only structure and the vascular tissue of the urethra The organ commonly referred to as visible from the outside is the glans (9) and the vagina (10). the clitoris consists of various struc- of clitoris, a cap-like formation on the tures with diff ering characteristics tapered ends of the descending clito- The highly sensitive vaginal vestibule and embryonic origin. The erectile ral body. With its approximately 8,000 vestibule of vagina (11) is a part of the cavernous bodies consist of a com- sensory nerve endings it is one of the vulva that is located between the la- plex network of venous sinuses and a most sensitive structures of the hu- bia minora and the vaginal entrance thick fi brous envelope, the tunica al- man body. It is exclusively dedicated where the Bartholin glands, the buginea, enabling these bodies to fi ll to female sexual pleasure. Due to its paraurethral glands (female prostata) with blood, increase in size and hard- embryonic origin, it is connected to and the minor vestibular glands open. en. It is formed by the crus of clitoris the vestibular bulbs via the RSP. These structures contribute to Sexualität 1 Vulva Modell Prof. Dr. D. Haag-Wackernagel the lubrication of the vestibule and During sexual arousal arterial blood activation threshold and a consequent vagina during intercourse. The vagina flow increases and simultaneously, the activation of the numerous sensory (10) itself is only sparsely innervated smooth muscle fibers of the vascu- nerve endings (genital corpuscles and and, as Kobelt already stated in 1844, lar sinuses of the erectile tissues (4–7) corpuscles of Pacini) dedicated to gen- should play no role in the generation relax, allowing them to engorge with erating sexual excitation, which ulti- of female sexual pleasure. During ex- blood. The resultant increased volume mately leads to orgasm citement the blood vessels of the va- presses the sub-albugineal venous gina engorge with blood and secrete network against the tunica albuginea, Maintaining the integrity of the ex- plasma as a lubricant protecting the blocking the drainage of blood and in- ternal genitalia is therefore of the ut- vaginal tissue from injury. ducing a firming of the clitoral tissue. most importance for female sexual This leads to the elevation of the cli- health! The labia minora (12) splits into the toral body and the protrusion of the clitoral frenulum (15) and the prepuce clitoral shaft from the clitoral hood. (13) that ends in the clitoral hood (14) When pressure is exerted on the ves- which surrounds the clitoral glans (1). tibular bulbs (3) and the crus of clitoris These structures, as well as the RSP (4), e.g. by the thrusting of the penis or (2), show a high density of sensory the reflexive contractions of the mus- nerve endings, particularly around the cles that surround these structures, clitoral glans, which makes this region blood is forced into the clitoral body the central spot for the generation of and the clitoral glans via the pars inter- sexual arousal. media. The increase in pressure leads to a lowering of the sensory receptor Literature Acknowledgement Model Manufacturer Di Marino V & Lepidi H (2014). An- I thank Prof. Dr. med. Vincent Di Prof. Dr. Daniel Haag-Wackernagel, KESSEL medintim GmbH atomic Study of the Clitoris and Marino (University of Aix-Marseille, Professor emeritus for Biology in Kelsterbacher Str. 28 the Bulbo-Clitoral Organ. 152 pp. Medical Faculty) for his valuable Medicine, University of Basel 64546 Mörfelden-Walldorf Springer International Publishing support. Germany Switzerland Design Amos Haag EAN 4013273002219 Kobelt G L (1844) Die männlichen Art.-Nr. MO VULVA und weiblichen Wollustorgane des Contact Menschen und einiger Säugeth- [email protected] iere in anatomisch-physiologischer Beziehung (The male and female lust organs of humans and some mammals in anatomical-physiolog- ical relation). Freiburg im Breisgau, Druck und Verlag von Adolph Em- merling. Rev. 1910A.
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