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Home , Bulbospongiosus muscle, Bulb of vestibule, Coccygeus muscle, Cremaster muscle, Ischiocavernosus muscle, Obturator canal

UROGENITAL : STRUCTURE LIST Labs 1, 2, and 3

NOTE: * Indicates a structure can be identified on a cadaver in addition to a model. Red Highlighting = Lab 1 Structures

Hip (os coxae pelvic bones) • • •

Osseous Landmarks on hip bones • Pubic • Sacral promontory • • • • • • • Anterior superior iliac spine • • Anterior inferior iliac spine • • Arcuate line • • • Obturator foramen • Sacral ala •

Ligamentous Structures on • • Anterior & posterior sacroiliac • Sacrotuberous * • *

Pelvic foramina/spaces • Greater sciatic foramen* • Lesser sciatic foramen* • Obturator canal • ( or superior pelvic aperture) • Pelvic outlet (inferior pelvic aperture) • Greater pelvis (false pelvis) • Lesser pelvis (true pelvis, )

Differentiate a male pelvis from a female pelvis

Obstetrical pelvic measurements • Interspinous • Obstetrical conjugate • Transverse • Diagonal conjugate • True (anatomical) conjugate

Pelvis muscles • Obturator internus • • Pelvic diaphragm (floor) • muscles o Puborectalis o Pubococcygeus o Iliococcygeus ▪ ▪ Tendinous arch

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Perineum Male & Female • o • o Rectal hiatus (anal aperture) • Perineal membrane • Deep perineal pouch (space) o “Fibromuscular” region (former ) o Anterior recesses of ischioanal • Superficial perineal pouch (space)

Posterior Muscle • Diaphragm* • Psoas major* • Quadratus lumborum* • Iliacus*

Removed • Renal * • * • Renal * • * • Renal capsule* • Minor calyx* • * • Major calyx* • * • * • Renal columns* • * • Renal papilla*

Kidney in Situ • Right and left renal * • Renal • Right and left renal * • Perinephric space • Renal pelvis* • Perinephric fat* • Ureter (path into pelvis)*

Bladder

• Opening of ureter • Internal urethral orifice* • Trigone • Apex* • Base (Fundus)* • Body* • Urachus (median umbilical fold) * • * o Contraction (emptying): parasympathetic via pelvic splanchnic (S2-S4) o Relaxation (filling): sympathetic (T11-L2) • Internal urethral sphincter (Male) o Contraction: (filling): sympathetic (T11-L2) o Relaxation (emptying): parasympathetic via pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

Peritoneal Cavity Spaces • Rectouterine pouch* (female only) • Vesicouterine pouch* (female only) • Pararectal fossae* • * • Rectovesical

2 Nerves: • Iliohypogastric*: o Sensory to posterolateral gluteal region and pubic region o Motor to transversus abdominis and internal abdominal oblique muscles • Ilioinguinal* o Motor to transversus abdominis and internal abdominal oblique muscles o Sensory • Men: sensory to the upper medial , the root of the , the anterior • Women: sensory to the upper medial thigh, the , and majora.

• Genitofemoral o Femoral branch*: sensory to skin in the upper anterior thigh o Genital branch* • Men: innervates the and terminates in the skin of the upper anterior scrotum • Women: accompanies the round ligament of the and terminates/innervates skin of the mons pubis and

• * o Motor innervation to muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh and sensory innervation to a small area of the medial thigh.

• Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh*: sensory innervation to the skin across the anterior and lateral region of the thigh • Lumbosacral trunk: L4 and L5 contribution to lumbosacral plexus • *: o Inferior rectal nerve*: skin in the perianal area, mucosa of the lower half of the anal canal, and the o Dorsal nerve of the penis (males) or (females).

• *: innervates the muscles of the superficial perineal pouch (bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineal, and external urethral sphincter) and the skin of the posterior scrotum in males and the labia majora in females.

CT /Pelvis • Kidney • Aorta • Psoas major m. • Common iliac arteries • Iliacus m. • Inferior vena cava • Quadratus lumborum m. • Common iliac veins • Ureter • Renal arteries • Bladder • Renal veins •

Iliac Arteries • Common iliac artery* • External iliac artery* • * • Superior gluteal a.*: muscle and skin of the gluteal region and muscles and bones of the pelvic wall • Umbilical a.*: patent and fibrous portions • Superior vesical a. *: supplies the superior bladder and the distal ureter. • Obturator a. *: supplies the medial compartment of the thigh

3 • Uterine a.*: supplies the uterus • Inferior vesical a.* (male): supplies the bladder, ureter, seminal vesical, and • Vaginal a.* (female): and parts of the bladder • Middle rectal a.: supplies the rectum • Inferior gluteal a.*: contributes blood supply to the gluteal region • Internal pudendal a.*: primary blood supply of the , which includes the of the penis and clitoris

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES

Structures of superficial perineal pouch (space)

• Muscles: innervated by (deep) perineal branch of pudendal nerve o Bulbospongiosus o Ischiocavernosus o superficial transverse perineal muscle o Perineal body

• Clitoris o Crura of clitoris (surrounded by ischiocavernosus m.) o Root (bisected pelvis model) o Body (bisected pelvis model) o Glans* o Prepuce* o Frenulum*

• (surrounded by bulbospongiosus) • Greater vestibular gland

Vulva • Mons pubis* • Labia majora* • * • Vestibule* o Vaginal orifice o Urethral orifice and *

Reproductive Tract/Organs • Vagina* o Posterior, Anterior, and lateral fornices

• Uterus* o Body* o Fundus* o Isthmus o * o • Internal os • External os

o Normal uterine position • Anterverted • Anteflexed

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• Uterine (Fallopian) tube o Infundibulum* o Fimbriae* o Ampulla* o Isthmus* o Uterine portion

Ligaments • * • Ligament of * • Broad ligament o * o Mosovarium* o *

• Suspensory ligament of ovary (infundibulopelvic ligament) * o Ovarian artery* o Ovarian vein (termination point of right versus left)*

MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES

Penis regions • Root • Glans* • Body* • Corona (of glans) *

Penis erectile tissue • Corpora cavernosa* • Corpus spongiosum*

Penis connective tissue layers • Superficial () fascia • surrounding corpus • Deep (Buck's) fascia* cavernosum*

Penis vessels and nerves • Deep dorsal vein* • Dorsal arteries * • Dorsal nerve (branch of pudendal nerve) * • Deep arteries (of penis) • o Bulb of penis (surrounded by bulbospongiosus m.) o : innervated by (deep) perineal branch pudendal nerve o Crura of penis (surrounded by ischiocavernosus m. o : innervated by (deep) perineal branch pudendal nerve.

Male Urethra • Intramural (preprostatic) urethra • • * • * • External urethral sphincter • External urethral orifice* o Innervation: pudendal nerve S2- S4

5 Glands • Prostate gland* o o Prostatic urethra* • Seminal gland* • Bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland

Testicular Blood Supply/Ductus Deferens • in abdomen/pelvis • Testicular vein (termination point of right versus left) * • Ductus (vas) deferens * ▪ Ampulla*

Inguinal canal* • Deep inguinal ring* • Superficial inguinal ring*

Spermatic cord • Cremaster muscle: innervated by genital branch genitofemoral (genital branch courses through deep ring, , and superficial ring. o Cremaster reflex • Afferent: ilioinguinal/femoral of genitofemoral • Efferent: genital of genitofemoral

• Layers of abdominal wall from which layers are derived o External oblique * = external spermatic fascia o Internal abdominal oblique muscle and fascia* = cremaster muscle and fascia o = internal spermatic fascia

• Testicular artery* • Pampiniform venous plexus*

Scrotum • Testis* • * o Visceral layer* o Parietal layer*

• * o Tail* o Body* o Head*

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