DOCSLIB.ORG

Gross Anatomy Mcqs Database Contents 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gross Anatomy Mcqs Database Contents 1 Gross Anatomy MCQs Database Contents 1. The abdomino-pelvic boundary is level with: 8. The superficial boundary between abdomen and a. the ischiadic spine & pelvic diaphragm thorax does NOT include: b. the arcuate lines of coxal bones & promontorium a. xiphoid process c. the pubic symphysis & iliac crests b. inferior margin of costal cartilages 7-10 d. the iliac crests & promontorium c. inferior margin of ribs 10-12 e. none of the above d. tip of spinous process T12 e. tendinous center of diaphragm 2. The inferior limit of the abdominal walls includes: a. the anterior inferior iliac spines 9. Insertions of external oblique muscle: b. the posterior inferior iliac spines a. iliac crest, external lip c. the inguinal ligament b. pubis d. the arcuate ligament c. inguinal ligament e. all the above d. rectus sheath e. all of the above 3. The thoraco-abdominal boundary is: a. the diaphragma muscle 10. The actions of the rectus abdominis muscle: b. the subcostal line a. increase of abdominal pressure c. the T12 horizontal plane b. decrease of thoracic volume d. the inferior costal rim c. hardening of the anterior abdominal wall e. the subchondral line d. flexion of the trunk e. all of the above 4. Organ that passes through the pelvic inlet occasionally: 11. The common action of the abdominal wall muscles: a. sigmoid colon a. lateral bending of the trunk b. ureters b. increase of abdominal pressure c. common iliac vessels c. flexion of the trunk d. hypogastric nerves d. rotation of the trunk e. uterus e. all the above 5. Organs that pass through the pelvic inlet constantly, 12. The pyramidalis muscle anatomy detail of special EXCEPT: surgical importance: a. sigmoid colon a. is located anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle b. ureters b. receives its blood supply through the rectus c. common iliac vessels abdominis muscle d. hypogastric nerves c. is a weak abdominal flexor e. appendix d. is located inside the rectus sheath e. has a common innervation with the lower part of 6. The pelvic inlet is NOT bounded by: rectus abdominis muscle a. superior margin of pubic symphysis b. superior margin of pubic bones 13. The transverse whitish lines of the rectus abdominis c. arcuate line of coxal bones are named: d. promontory a. arcuate lines e. posterior margin of sacral wings b. linea alba c. semilunar lines 7. The superficial boundary between abdomen and lines of Spiegel pelvis does NOT include: d. e. tendinous intersections a. superior margin of pubic symphysis b. inguinal fold 14. About the cremaster muscle, one is FALSE: c. iliac crest a. is formed by the internal oblique and transverse d. posterior margin of sacral wings abdominal muscles e. tip of spinous process L5 b. well developed in both sexes c. in males it elevates the testicle d. accompanies the spermatic cord in males e. included in the round ligament of uterus in females - 1 - 15. About the pyramidal muscle, one is FALSE: 22. Actions of transverse abdominal muscle bilateral a. is an inconstant muscle contraction, EXCEPT: b. located inside the rectus sheath a. flexion of the trunk c. located anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle b. abdominal press effect d. is short and thin c. visceral protection e. is a flexor of the trunk d. pulls ribs downwards e. elevates the diaphragm 16. Actions of external oblique muscle bilateral contraction, EXCEPT: 23. Anatomical features of the transverse abdominal a. flexion of the trunk muscle, EXCEPT: b. abdominal press effect a. the deepest anterolateral abdominal muscle c. visceral protection b. the thinnest anterolateral abdominal muscle d. accessory expiratory action c. large posterior aponeurosis e. turns the trunk d. large anterior aponeurosis e. proper fascia named fascia transversalis 17. Actions of external oblique muscle unilateral contraction: 24. Costal attachments of the abdominal muscles: a. turns the trunk towards the opposite side a. rectus abdominis: ribs 5-9 b. bends the trunk towards the opposite side b. external oblique: ribs 5-12 c. extends the trunk c. internal oblique: ribs 9-12 d. abdominal press effect d. transverse abdominal: ribs 9-12 e. elevates the ribs e. quadratus lumborum: ribs 10-12 18. Actions of internal oblique muscle bilateral 25. Direction of fibers in anterolateral abdominal contraction, EXCEPT: muscles: a. flexion of the trunk a. rectus abdominis: vertical b. abdominal press effect b. external oblique: oblique from up downwards and c. visceral protection from lateral to medial d. accessory expiratory action c. internal oblique: oblique from down upwards and e. turns the trunk from lateral to medial d. transverse abdominal: horizontal 19. Actions of internal oblique muscle unilateral all the above contraction: e. a. turns the trunk towards the opposite side 26. Innervation of rectus abdominis muscle: b. bends the trunk towards the same side a. intercostal nn. 5-7 c. extends the trunk b. intercostal nn. 7-11 d. abdominal press effect c. intercostal nn. 11-12 e. elevates the ribs d. lumbar nerves 1-3 e. lumbar nerves 2-5 20. Actions of quadratus lumborum muscle, EXCEPT: a. bends the trunk the same side in unilateral 27. Muscle that does NOT contribute to the abdominal contraction press effect: b. fixes the lumbar vertebral column straight in a. rectus abdominis bilateral contraction b. external oblique c. turns the trunk the same side in unilateral c. internal oblique contraction d. transverse abdominal d. weak accessory respiratory action e. quadratus lumborum e. pulls the last rib downwards 28. Nerve supply of the external oblique muscle, EXCEPT: 21. Actions of the rectus abdominis muscle, EXCEPT: a. intercostal nn. 8-11 a. flexion of the trunk b. subcostal n. b. abdominal press effect c. iliohypogastric n. c. visceral protection d. ilioinguinal n. d. accessory expiratory action e. genitofemoral n. e. elevates the ribs by increasing abdominal pressure - 2 - 29. Nerve supply of the internal oblique muscle, EXCEPT: 36. The falx inguinalis is formed by: a. intercostal nn. 8-11 a. the external oblique and rectus abdominis muscles b. subcostal n. b. the internal oblique and rectus abdominis muscles c. iliohypogastric n. c. the internal oblique and transverse muscles d. ilioinguinal n. d. the internal and external oblique muscles e. genitofemoral n. e. the external oblique and transverse muscles 30. Nerve supply of the transverse abdominal muscle, 37. The posterior wall of rectus sheath below umbilicus is EXCEPT: formed by: a. intercostal nn. 8-11 a. internal oblique m. aponeurosis b. subcostal n. b. fascia transversalis c. iliohypogastric n. c. transverse abdominal m. aponeurosis d. ilioinguinal n. d. external oblique m. aponeurosis e. genitofemoral n. e. all of the above 31. Regions covered by the external oblique muscle, 38. About linea alba, one is FALSE: EXCEPT: a. runs between the xiphoid process and the pubic a. lumbar region symphysis b. flank b. is broader at its superior end c. hypochondrium c. includes the umbilical ring d. inguinal region d. is a weak region of the anterior abdominal wall e. hypogastric region e. has a very abundant blood and nerve supply 32. About the quadratus lumborum muscle, one is 39. About the conjoint tendon, one is FALSE: FALSE: a. is also named falx inguinalis a. is a posterior abdominal muscle b. is formed by the anterior aponeurosis of internal b. is a paired, transverse, quadrangular muscle oblique and transverse abdominal muscles c. located anterior to the erector spinae muscle c. inserts on the pubic crest and pectineal line d. located posterolateral to the psoas major muscle d. strengthens the superficial inguinal ring posteriorly e. is innervated from the lumbar plexus e. runs downwards and lateral 33. Contents of the rectus abdominis sheath, EXCEPT: 40. About the dependencies of the external oblique a. rectus abdominis m. aponeurosis: b. pyramidalis m. a. the lateral crus inserts on the pubic symphysis c. superior epigastric vessels b. the medial crus inserts on the pubic tubercle d. inferior epigastric vessels c. the medial crus is continued by the lacunar e. median umbilical lig. ligament of Gimbernat d. the lacunar ligament is continued by the pectineal 34. Linea semilunaris is formed by anterior aponeurosis ligament of Cooper of: e. the reflected ligament continues the pectineal a. external oblique m. ligament b. internal oblique m. c. transverse abdominal m. 41. About the fascia transversalis, one is FALSE: d. all the above a. inserts on the iliac crest e. none of the above b. inserts on the anterior margin of the inguinal ligament 35. The anterior wall of rectus sheath below umbilicus inserts on the pectineal line does NOT include: c. d. runs posterior to the rectus abdominis muscle a. external oblique m. aponeurosis e. contributes to the formation of linea alba b. internal oblique m. aponeurosis c. transverse abdominal m. aponeurosis d. rectus abdominis fascia e. fascia transversalis - 3 - 42. About the inguinal ligament, one is FALSE: 48. The arcuate line of Douglas is: a. is also named the ligament of Poupart a. the boundary between the thick and thin parts of the b. is attached to the pubic tubercle anterior layer of rectus sheath c. is attached to the anterior superior iliac spine b. the boundary between the thick and thin parts of the d. has the shape of half of an empty cylinder with the posterior layer of rectus sheath concavity downwards c. the place of fusion between the two layers of the e. is a dependency of the external oblique rectus sheath aponeurosis d. the place of fusion of the anterior aponeurosis of the antero-lateral abdominal muscles 43. About the semilunar line, one is FALSE: e. a weak area of the anterior abdominal wall a. is also named Spiegel's line b.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Anatomy of the Rectum and Anal Canal
    BASIC SCIENCE identify the rectosigmoid junction with confidence at operation. The anatomy of the rectum The rectosigmoid junction usually lies approximately 6 cm below the level of the sacral promontory. Approached from the distal and anal canal end, however, as when performing a rigid or flexible sigmoid- oscopy, the rectosigmoid junction is seen to be 14e18 cm from Vishy Mahadevan the anal verge, and 18 cm is usually taken as the measurement for audit purposes. The rectum in the adult measures 10e14 cm in length. Abstract Diseases of the rectum and anal canal, both benign and malignant, Relationship of the peritoneum to the rectum account for a very large part of colorectal surgical practice in the UK. Unlike the transverse colon and sigmoid colon, the rectum lacks This article emphasizes the surgically-relevant aspects of the anatomy a mesentery (Figure 1). The posterior aspect of the rectum is thus of the rectum and anal canal. entirely free of a peritoneal covering. In this respect the rectum resembles the ascending and descending segments of the colon, Keywords Anal cushions; inferior hypogastric plexus; internal and and all of these segments may be therefore be spoken of as external anal sphincters; lymphatic drainage of rectum and anal canal; retroperitoneal. The precise relationship of the peritoneum to the mesorectum; perineum; rectal blood supply rectum is as follows: the upper third of the rectum is covered by peritoneum on its anterior and lateral surfaces; the middle third of the rectum is covered by peritoneum only on its anterior 1 The rectum is the direct continuation of the sigmoid colon and surface while the lower third of the rectum is below the level of commences in front of the body of the third sacral vertebra.
    [Show full text]
  • Te2, Part Iii
    TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 28 *Lecture Powepoint
    Chapter 28 *Lecture PowePoint The Female Reproductive System *See separate FlexArt PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Introduction • The female reproductive system is more complex than the male system because it serves more purposes – Produces and delivers gametes – Provides nutrition and safe harbor for fetal development – Gives birth – Nourishes infant • Female system is more cyclic, and the hormones are secreted in a more complex sequence than the relatively steady secretion in the male 28-2 Sexual Differentiation • The two sexes indistinguishable for first 8 to 10 weeks of development • Female reproductive tract develops from the paramesonephric ducts – Not because of the positive action of any hormone – Because of the absence of testosterone and müllerian-inhibiting factor (MIF) 28-3 Reproductive Anatomy • Expected Learning Outcomes – Describe the structure of the ovary – Trace the female reproductive tract and describe the gross anatomy and histology of each organ – Identify the ligaments that support the female reproductive organs – Describe the blood supply to the female reproductive tract – Identify the external genitalia of the female – Describe the structure of the nonlactating breast 28-4 Sexual Differentiation • Without testosterone: – Causes mesonephric ducts to degenerate – Genital tubercle becomes the glans clitoris – Urogenital folds become the labia minora – Labioscrotal folds
    [Show full text]
  • © Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-71005-3 - A.D.A.M
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-71005-3 - A.D.A.M. Student Atlas of Anatomy, 2nd Edition Todd R. Olson and Wojciech Pawlina Index More information INDEX A Anal triangle palmar Abdomen female, 151 deep, 296–297, 340 abdominal wall muscles, 22–23 male, 150 superficial, 296, 337–338 innervation, 465 Anastomotic loops between anterior & pelvic fascia, 160–161 peritoneal cavity, 112–117 posterior spinal artery, 34 plantar, 230–231 posterior wall, 140–143 Anatomical neck, 280–281 plantar arterial, deep, 270–271 regions, 111 Anatomical snuffbox, 278, 330–331 Arcuate eminence, 365, 443 right scapular line, 111 Angiogram, coronary, 85 Arcuate line of ilium, 23, 44, 48, 153–155 topography, 110 Angle of scapula. See Scapula Areola, 2, 66 Abdominal esophagus, 117–120 Angles. See specific anatomical feature Arm Abducens nerve (CN VI), 392–393, 396, 430, Ankle joint actions, 238 dermatomes, 300–303 432–435, 440–441 Annular tendon, common, 449–450, 452, 456 muscles, 286–287 auricular branch, 457 Annulus fibrosus, 84, 106, 385 muscles, anterior, 288–289 buccal branch, 457 Anorectal (pectinate) line, 162–163, 208 nerves, cutaneous, 300–303 cervical branch, 457 Ansa cervicalis, 314, 385, 408, 410–411, 470 nerves, deep, 306–307 function, 471 inferior root, 410–411, 469 skeleton/muscle attachments, 280–283 groove, 362 superior root, 408, 410–411, 414, 437, 469 surface anatomy, 278–279 mandibular branch, 457 Ansa subclavia, 98, 305, 316 veins, 298–299 marginal mandibular branch, 457 Antebrachial fascia, 289 Arrector pili muscles, 465 occipital branch, 457
    [Show full text]
  • Female Perineum Doctors Notes Notes/Extra Explanation Please View Our Editing File Before Studying This Lecture to Check for Any Changes
    Color Code Important Female Perineum Doctors Notes Notes/Extra explanation Please view our Editing File before studying this lecture to check for any changes. Objectives At the end of the lecture, the student should be able to describe the: ✓ Boundaries of the perineum. ✓ Division of perineum into two triangles. ✓ Boundaries & Contents of anal & urogenital triangles. ✓ Lower part of Anal canal. ✓ Boundaries & contents of Ischiorectal fossa. ✓ Innervation, Blood supply and lymphatic drainage of perineum. Lecture Outline ‰ Introduction: • The trunk is divided into 4 main cavities: thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, and perineal. (see image 1) • The pelvis has an inlet and an outlet. (see image 2) The lowest part of the pelvic outlet is the perineum. • The perineum is separated from the pelvic cavity superiorly by the pelvic floor. • The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus muscle, and associated connective tissue. (see image 3) We will talk about them more in the next lecture. Image (1) Image (2) Image (3) Note: this image is seen from ABOVE Perineum (In this lecture the boundaries and relations are important) o Perineum is the region of the body below the pelvic diaphragm (The outlet of the pelvis) o It is a diamond shaped area between the thighs. Boundaries: (these are the external or surface boundaries) Anteriorly Laterally Posteriorly Medial surfaces of Intergluteal folds Mons pubis the thighs or cleft Contents: 1. Lower ends of urethra, vagina & anal canal 2. External genitalia 3. Perineal body & Anococcygeal body Extra (we will now talk about these in the next slides) Perineum Extra explanation: The perineal body is an irregular Perineal body fibromuscular mass.
    [Show full text]
  • By Dr.Ahmed Salman Assistant Professorofanatomy &Embryology My Advice to You Is to Focus on the Diagrams That I Drew
    The University Of Jordan Faculty Of Medicine REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM By Dr.Ahmed Salman Assistant ProfessorofAnatomy &embryology My advice to you is to focus on the diagrams that I drew. These diagrams cover the Edited by Dana Hamo doctor’s ENTIRE EXPLANATION AND WHAT HE HAS MENTIONED Quick Recall : Pelvic brim Pelvic diaphragm that separates the true pelvis above and perineum BELOW Perineum It is the diamond-shaped lower end of the trunk Glossary : peri : around, ineo - discharge, evacuate Location : it lies below the pelvic diaphragm, between the upper parts of the thighs. Boundaries : Anteriorly : Inferior margin of symphysis pubis. Posteriorly : Tip of coccyx. Anterolateral : Fused rami of pubis and ischium and ischial tuberosity. Posterolateral : Sacrotuberous ligaments. Dr.Ahmed Salman • Same boundaries as the pelvic Anteriorly: outlet. inferior part of • If we drew a line between the 2 symphysis pubis ischial tuberosities, the diamond shape will be divided into 2 triangles. Anterior and Anterior and Lateral : Lateral : •The ANTERIOR triangle is called ischiopubic ischiopubic urogenital triangle ramus The perineum ramus •The POSTERIOR triangle is called has a diamond anal triangle shape. ischial tuberosity Posterior and Posterior and Lateral : Lateral : Urogenital sacrotuberous sacrotuberous tri. ligament ligament Anal tri. Posteriorly : tip of coccyx UROGENITAL TRI. ANAL TRI. Divisions of the Perineum : By a line joining the anterior parts of the ischial tuberosities, the perineum is divided into two triangles : Anteriorly :Urogenital
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. ALSHIKH YOUSSEF Haiyan
    Dr. ALSHIKH YOUSSEF Haiyan General features The peritoneum is a thin serous membrane Consisting of: 1- Parietal peritoneum －lines the ant. Abdominal wall and the pelvis 2- Visceral peritoneum - covers the viscera 3- Peritoneal cavity - the potential space between the parietal and visceral layer of peritoneum - in male, is a closed sac - but in the female, there is a communication with the exterior through the uterine tubes, the uterus, and the vagina ▪ Peritoneum cavity divided into Greater sac Lesser sac Communication between them by the epiploic foramen The peritoneum The peritoneal cavity is the largest one in the body. Divided into tow sac : .Greater sac; extends from diaphragm down to the pelvis. Lesser Sac .Lesser sac or omental bursa; lies behind the stomach. .Both cavities are interconnected through the epiploic foramen(winslow ). .In male : the peritoneum is a closed sac . .In female : the sac is not completely closed because it Greater Sac communicates with the exterior through the uterine tubes, uterus and vagina. Peritoneum in transverse section The relationship between viscera and peritoneum Intraperitoneal viscera viscera is almost totally covered with visceral peritoneum example, stomach, 1st & last inch of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, transverse and sigmoid colons, spleen and ovary Intraperitoneal viscera Interperitoneal viscera Retroperitoneal viscera Interperitoneal viscera Such organs are not completely wrapped by peritoneum one surface attached to the abdominal walls or other organs. Example liver, gallbladder, urinary bladder and uterus Upper part of the rectum, Ascending and Descending colon Retroperitoneal viscera some organs lie on the posterior abdominal wall Behind the peritoneum they are partially covered by peritoneum on their anterior surfaces only Example kidney, suprarenal gland, pancreas, upper 3rd of rectum duodenum, and ureter, aorta and I.V.C The Peritoneal Reflection The peritoneal reflection include: omentum, mesenteries, ligaments, folds, recesses, pouches and fossae.
    [Show full text]
  • II. DIGESTIV SYSTEM TESTS General Data 1. CS the Organ Represent: A
    II. DIGESTIV SYSTEM TESTS General data 1. CS The organ represent: a) a structure made up by three layers b) a hollow element c) a part of the body built by complex of tissues integrated to realize the common functions d) a parenchymatous formation located in abdominal cavity e) a formation constituted by epithelium, vessels and nerves 2. CS The visceral apparatus is considered: a) The organs of different systems with diverse structure involved in performing some functions. b) the organs of neck region c) the organs located in the lesser pelvis d) the organs realized protective function e) the organs located at the border between thoracic and abdominal cavities 3. CS The primary gut is developed from: a) ectoderm b) mesoderm c) endoderm d) dermatome e) myotome 4. CS From which embryonic layer is developed the primary intestine : a) entoderm b) ectoderm c) sclerotome d) mesoderm e) splanhnopleura 5. CM The Viscera represents: a) the organs localized in abdominal cavity b) the systems of organs realized the connection of the body and external environment c) the organs and system of organs located in body’s cavities which realized the metabolic functions to sustain the life d) the complex of organs from abdominal and pelvic cavities e) the complex of organs from thoracic cavity 6. CM According by structure the organs are divided in: a) serous b) parenchymatous c) glandular d) epithelial e) hollow 7. CM Name two functions of the organic stroma: a) secretory b) trophic c) hematopoietic d) metabolic e) sustaining 8. CM The hollow organs distinguish the following layers: a) mucous b) submucous c) muscular d) membranous e) serous 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Inguinofemoral Area
    Inguinofemoral Area Inguinal Canal Anatomy of the Inguinal Canal in Infants and Children There are readily apparent differences between the inguinal canals of infants and adults. In infants, the canal is short (1 to 1.5 cm), and the internal and external rings are nearly superimposed upon one another. Scarpa's fascia is so well developed that the surgeon may mistake it for the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, resulting in treating a superficial ectopic testicle as an inguinal cryptorchidism. There also may be a layer of fat between the fascia and the aponeurosis. We remind surgeons of the statement of White that the external oblique fascia has not been reached as long as fat is encountered. In a newborn with an indirect inguinal hernia, there is nothing wrong with the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. Removal of the sac, therefore, is the only justifiable procedure. However, it is extremely difficult to estimate the weakness of the newborn's posterior inguinal wall by palpation. If a defect is suspected, a few interrupted permanent sutures might be used to perform the repair. Adult Anatomy of the Inguinal Canal The inguinal canal in the adult is an oblique rift in the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall. It measures approximately 4 cm in length. It is located 2 to 4 cm above the inguinal ligament, between the opening of the external (superficial) and internal (deep) inguinal rings. The boundaries of the inguinal canal are as follows: Anterior: The anterior boundary is the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle and, more laterally, the internal oblique muscle.
    [Show full text]
  • Ligaments －Two-Layered Folds of Peritoneum That Attached the Lesser Mobile Solid Viscera to the Abdominal Wall
    Ingegneria delle tecnologie per la salute Fondamenti di anatomia e istologia aa. 2019-20 Lesson 7. Digestive system and peritoneum Peritoneum, abdominal vessel and spleen PERITONEUM: General features = a thin serous membrane that line walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities and cover organs within these cavities •Parietal peritoneum －lines walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities •Visceral peritoneum －covers organs •Peritoneal cavity － potential space between parietal and visceral layer of peritoneum, in male, is a closed sac, but in female, there is a communication with exterior through uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina Function • Secretes a lubricating serous fluid that continuously moistens associated organs • Absorb • Support viscera Peritoneum Histology The peritoneum is a serosal membrane that consists of a single layer of mesothelial cells and is supported by a basement membrane. The layer is attached to the body wall and viscera by a glycosaminoglycan matrix that contains collagen fibers, vessels, nerves, macrophages, and fat cells. relationship between viscera and peritoneum • Intraperitoneal viscera －viscera completely surrounded by peritoneum, example, stomach, superior part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, transverse and sigmoid colons, spleen and ovary • Interperitoneal viscera －most part of viscera surrounded by peritoneum, example, liver, gallbladder, ascending and descending colon, upper part of rectum, urinary bladder and uterus • Retroperitoneal viscera －some organs lie on the posterior abdominal
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Pelvic Anatomy
    SECTION ONE • Fundamentals 1 Clinical pelvic anatomy Introduction 1 Anatomical points for obstetric analgesia 3 Obstetric anatomy 1 Gynaecological anatomy 5 The pelvic organs during pregnancy 1 Anatomy of the lower urinary tract 13 the necks of the femora tends to compress the pelvis Introduction from the sides, reducing the transverse diameters of this part of the pelvis (Fig. 1.1). At an intermediate level, opposite A thorough understanding of pelvic anatomy is essential for the third segment of the sacrum, the canal retains a circular clinical practice. Not only does it facilitate an understanding cross-section. With this picture in mind, the ‘average’ of the process of labour, it also allows an appreciation of diameters of the pelvis at brim, cavity, and outlet levels can the mechanisms of sexual function and reproduction, and be readily understood (Table 1.1). establishes a background to the understanding of gynae- The distortions from a circular cross-section, however, cological pathology. Congenital abnormalities are discussed are very modest. If, in circumstances of malnutrition or in Chapter 3. metabolic bone disease, the consolidation of bone is impaired, more gross distortion of the pelvic shape is liable to occur, and labour is likely to involve mechanical difficulty. Obstetric anatomy This is termed cephalopelvic disproportion. The changing cross-sectional shape of the true pelvis at different levels The bony pelvis – transverse oval at the brim and anteroposterior oval at the outlet – usually determines a fundamental feature of The girdle of bones formed by the sacrum and the two labour, i.e. that the ovoid fetal head enters the brim with its innominate bones has several important functions (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Complications of Various Types of Hernias in Our Institution’’
    “A STUDY OF COMPLICATIONS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF HERNIAS IN OUR INSTITUTION’’ Dissertation submitted to THE TAMILNADU Dr. M. G. R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY in partial fulfillment of the regulations for the award of the degree of M. S. GENERAL SURGERY (BRANCH I) CHENGALPATTU MEDICAL COLLEGE THE TAMILNADU Dr. M. G. R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY CHENNAI, TAMILNADU APRIL 2014 1 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this dissertation titled “A STUDY OF COMPLICATIONS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF HERNIAS IN OUR INSTITUTION’’ has been prepared by DR. V.VIJAYABHASKER, under my supervision in the Department of General Surgery, Chengalpattu Medical College, Chengalpattu, during the academic period 2011 – 2014, and is being submitted to The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, in partial fulfillment of the University regulation for the award of the Degree “Master Of Surgery” (M. S., General Surgery) and his dissertation is a bonafide work. Prof.Dr.P.R.Thenmozhi Valli, M.D, Prof.Dr.G.Raja Billy Graham,M.S, DEAN Prof & HOD Chengalpattu Medical College Department of General Surgery Chengalpattu Chengalpattu Medical College Chengalpattu. 2 DECLARATION I, Dr.V.VIJAYABHASKER, solemnly declare that the dissertation“A STUDY OF COMPLICATIONS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF HERNIAS IN OUR INSTITUTION“a bonafide work done by me in the Department of General Surgery, Chengalpattu Medical College, Chengalpattu, Under the able guidance of Prof. Dr.M.V.UDAYA CHANDAR. M.S, Proffessor , Department of General Surgery , Chengalpattu Medical College , Chengalpattu . Place: Chengalpattu. (DR.V.VIJAYABHASKER) Date: 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. P. R. Thenmozhi Valli M.D, Dean, Chengalpattu Medical College & Hospital, Chengalpattu, for having kindly permitted me to utilize the hospital facilities.
    [Show full text]