4 Lecture Uterus Gross Anatomy
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Body: major portion Uterine body Fundus: rounded superior region Fundus Isthmus: narrowed inferior region Lumen of uterus Cervix: narrow neck (cavity) of uterus Wall of uterus Body of uterus • Endometrium • Myometrium • Perimetrium Isthmus Cervical canal Vagina Cervix Posterior view © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Uterus: ligaments (woman) The ligaments of the uterus are 10 in number: one anterior (vesicouterine fold of peritoneum); one posterior (rectouterine fold of peritoneum); two lateral or broad; two uterosacral; two cardinal (lateral cervical) ligaments; and two round ligaments. Anterior ligament: consists of the vesicouterine fold of peritoneum, which is reflected on to the bladder from the front of the uterus Posterior ligament: consists of the rectouterine fold of peritoneum, which is reflected from cervix on to the front of the rectum. Uterosacral ligaments: secure uterus to sacrum Suspensory ligament of ovary Peritoneum Uterine tube Ovary Uterosacral ligament Uterus Rectouterine Round ligament pouch Vesicouterine pouch Rectum Urinary bladder Pubic symphysis Mons pubis Cervix Urethra Clitoris Vagina External urethral orifice Anus © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Domestic animals Rectum rectouterine fold vesicouterine fold Bladder cardinal (lateral cervical) ligaments: from cervix and superior vagina to pelvic lateral walls Suspensory ligament of Uterine ovary (fallopian) tube Fundus Lumen of uterus Ovarian (cavity) blood vessels of uterus Uterine tube Broad ligament Ovary • Ampulla • Isthmus • Mesosalpinx • Infundibulum • Mesovarium • Mesometrium • Fimbriae Ovarian Round ligament of uterus ligament Wall of uterus Body of uterus • Endometrium Ureter • Myometrium Uterine blood vessels • Perimetrium Isthmus Internal os Uterosacralligament Cervical canal Cardinal (lateral cervical) External os ligament Lateral fornix Vagina Cervix © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Posterior view Round ligaments: bind uterus to anterior wall Broad ligaments: a fold of peritoneum which is reflected from the margin of the uterus to the lateral walls of the pelvis Mesometrium: Suspensory ligament of Uterine lateral support of ovary (fallopian) tube Fundus Lumen broad ligament of uterus Ovarian (cavity) blood vessels of uterus Uterine tube Broad ligament Ovary • Ampulla • Isthmus • Mesosalpinx • Infundibulum • Mesovarium • Mesometrium • Fimbriae Ovarian Round ligament of uterus ligament Wall of uterus Body of uterus • Endometrium Ureter • Myometrium Uterine blood vessels • Perimetrium Isthmus Internal os Uterosacralligament Cervical canal Cardinal (lateral cervical) External os ligament Lateral fornix Vagina Cervix Posterior view © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. The broad ligaments in domestic animals Dorsal Lateral Margin Face Broad ligament Cranial Medial Margin Face Ventral Margin Uterus cavity Fundus Lumen of uterus (cavity) of uterus Wall of uterus Body of uterus • Endometrium • Myometrium • Perimetrium Isthmus Cervical canal Vagina Cervix Posterior view © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Uterus cavity Horns Body Body Cervix Cervix Uterus cavity The body is long and does not show a septum. The uterus has endometrial folds which are parallel to the length of the uterus. mare Cervix Cervix: narrow neck, or outlet; projects into vagina Cervical canal communicates with: Vagina via external os Uterine body via internal os Cervical glands secrete mucus that blocks sperm entry except during estrus Cervix Fundus Lumen of uterus (cavity) of uterus Body of uterus Isthmus Internal os Cervical canal External os Lateral fornix Vagina Cervix Posterior view © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Cervix Posterior fornix Cervix Anterior fornix Vagina Cervix: domestic animals •The lumen of the cervix is the cervical canal. •The canal is formed by, and often almost occluded by mucosal folds. • Single fold in the queen and bitch • Multiple folds protruding into the cervical canal in the cow, ewe, and mare. •The cervical canal opens cranially into the body of the uterus at the internal uterine ostium. •The cervical canal opens caudally into the vagina at the external uterine ostium. Cervix: cow Internal os folds Cervical canal Fornix External os External os Vagina Vagina cow Cervix: cow Cervix: cow cow Fornix Cervix: sow Body The body is very small (few cm). Body The cervix is very long (10 cm) * And directly continous into the vagina without forming * the fornix. ** Cervical folds form rings cervical rings* that interdigitate with each other to close the cervical canal. Some useful links https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8fgm-zEYjQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNRDxjMlEoQ.