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1 Encoding Aspectuality in Germanic Languages – Empirical And DGfS 2021, AG5: Hanna Fischer, Melitta Gillmann, Mirjam Schmuck Encoding aspectuality in Germanic languages – empirical and theoretical approaches Workshop at the 43rd Annual Conference of the DGfS 2021 (February 24–26, 2021, online) Workshop description: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in exploring aspectuality from a diachronic, diatopic, or typological perspective (e. g. Breed et al. 2017, Weber 2017, Kinn et al. 2018). The workshop aims at bringing together researchers with different theoretical backgrounds focusing on aspectuality in Germanic languages. While other Indo-European languages inherited a whole set of grammatical aspect forms, the verbal systems of the early Germanic languages were poorly stocked. With the passage of time, the Germanic languages developed different means to express aspectual functions (e. g. ing-progressive in English, aan-het- and zitten-te-progressive in Dutch, sitter- och- and håller-på-att-progressive in Swedish as well as double perfect constructions in German substandard varieties). The broad objective of this workshop is to perform an inventory of aspectual forms in Germanic languages and dialects. The workshop is intended as a forum to compare and discuss the emergence, development, and the areal distribution of aspectual forms on the basis of empirical research. Questions to be discussed include – but are not limited to – the following: • How is aspectuality encoded in Germanic languages and dialects, e. g. by means of derivational, inflectional, or syntactic forms? • How did forms that may indicate aspectuality emerge and develop diachronically? • Which aspectual meanings are differentiated in individual Germanic languages and which aspectual oppositions can be identified (e. g. habitual, continuous, progressive, or perfective meanings)? • How are the aspectual meanings intertwined with temporal, modal, or evidential meanings? • Do the aspectual forms show specific areal distributions? Are there languages or varieties that are more prone to encode aspectuality than others? • Which empirical methods are suitable to study aspectuality? Which criteria serve to identify particular aspectual functions? Keynote speakers: Frank Brisard (University of Antwerp, Belgium) Torodd Kinn (University of Bergen, Norway) References: Breed, Adri, Frank Brisard & Ben Verhoeven. 2017. Periphrastic Progressive Constructions in Dutch and Afrikaans: A Contrastive Analysis. Journal of Germanic Linguistics 29(4). 305–378. | Kinn, Torodd, Kristian Blensenius & Peter Andersson. 2018. Posture, location, and activity in Mainland Scandinavian pseudocoordinations. CogniTextes 18. 1– 38. | Weber, Thilo. 2017. Die TUN-Periphrase im Niederdeutschen. Funktionale und formale Aspekte. Tübingen. The conference will be held online. Conference website: https://www.linguistik.uni-freiburg.de/43rd-annual-conference-of-the-german- linguistic-society-dgfs?set_language=en Registration: https://www.linguistik.uni-freiburg.de/43rd-annual-conference-of-the-german- linguistic-society-dgfs/registration-1 Contact: Hanna Fischer [email protected] Melitta Gillmann [email protected] Mirjam Schmuck [email protected] 1 Program AG 5 Wed Frank Brisard 24.02.2021 60min The modal basis of progressive marking (invited speaker) 13.45–15.45 Beyond progressive aspectuality: Aspectual aan- 30min Maarten Bogaards constructions in Dutch Diatopic and diachronic variations of the German am- 30min Jianan Li progressive: A corpus-based investigation Grammaticalization in speech-islands. Possibilities and 30min Adam Tomas neglects. Periphrastic tun in Australian German: A past tense habitual 16.30–18.00 30min Anna Saller marker? Pseudo-coordinated sitzen ('sit') and stehen ('stand') in spoken 30min Nadine Proske German – a case of emergent progressive aspect? Thu Torodd Kinn 25.02.2021 60min Is pseudocoordination an aspectual construction? (invited speaker) 9.00–10.30 Ermenegildo Bidese, 30min Progressive and Prospective in German dialects of Italy Maria Rita Manzini 30min Jens Fleischhauer The syntactic expression of prospective aspect in German 11.15–12.45 30min Katharina Paul Go for ingressivity Aspectual Meanings of the Present Participle in Middle Low 30min Sarah Ihden German Temporal adverbs as aspectuality markers? On the 30min Sophie Ellsäßer grammaticalization of als and viel in German substandard 13.45–14.45 varieties “Wi wir am leben in alle plantation”: The aspect system in 30min Lena Schmidtkunz Unserdeutsch (Rabaul Creole German) Fri Non-encoding aspectuality in Old High German, or: 26.02.2021 30min Fabian Fleißner Why are we failing? 11.45–14.15 Stephanie Hackert, Perfect constructions in English and German: typologies and 30min Robert Mailhammer, diachronic implications Elena Smirnova Auxiliary variation in the aspect-tense system of Low 30min Kathrin Weber German speakers The influence of grammatical and non-linguistic factors on 30min Katharina Zaychenko motion event descriptions: A cross-linguistic study Hanna Fischer, Final discussion: Exploring new perspectives on aspectuality 30min Melitta Gillmann, in Germanic languages Mirjam Schmuck 2 The modal basis of progressive marking Frank Brisard, University of Antwerp [email protected] My work on modal uses of markers of progressive aspect starts from an analysis of the simple vs progressive alternation in the English present-tense paradigm (Brisard 2002, De Wit & Brisard 2014). I contend that this alternation reflects not only a temporal contrast (roughly, perfective vs imperfective construals of a state of affairs coinciding with the time of speaking), but also, and arguably primarily, an epistemic one, corresponding to the basic cognitive distinction between “structural” vs “phenomenal” knowledge. This is in line with the claim in cognitive Grammar that so-called grounding predications (e.g., tense and modals) convey epistemic meanings at the most schematic level, but it extends that claim to what I regard as periphrastic tense-aspect units, i.e., conventional collocations of aspect markers with certain tenses. One important implication of this analysis is that all central tense markers, including simple ones, have an aspectual value, even if that value is semantically underspecified (as in Germanic languages other than English for the present). In fact, the aspectually (non-)specific nature of a language’s present tense turns out to be a good basis for predicting the more temporal (or, conversely, more modal) orientation of that language’s progressive construction(s). I distinguish between languages, like English, in which progressive marking (at least in the present-tense paradigm), is grammatically obligatory to express ongoingness with certain types of verbs (i.e., dynamic ones), and those where it is optional and its use is, at least initially, more often than not motivated by non-temporal concerns, typically of an expressive/subjective nature (De Wit et al. 2020). This will be illustrated on the basis of existing case studies of Dutch, German, and Afrikaans (Anthonissen et al. 2016, 2019, Breed et al. 2017). References Anthonissen, Lynn, Astrid De Wit and Tanja Mortelmans. 2016. “Aspect meets modality: A semantic analysis of the German am-progressive.” Journal of Germanic Linguistics 28: 1-30. Anthonissen, Lynn, Astrid De Wit and Tanja Mortelmans. 2019. “(Inter)subjective uses of the Dutch progressive constructions.” Linguistics 57: 1111-1159. Breed, Adri, Frank Brisard and Ben Verhoeven. 2017. “Periphrastic progressive constructions in Dutch and Afrikaans: A contrastive analysis.” Journal of Germanic Linguistics 29: 305-378. Brisard, Frank. 2002. “The English present.” In Frank Brisard, ed. Grounding: The Epistemic Footing of Deixis and Reference. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. 251-297. De Wit, Astrid and Frank Brisard. 2014. “A Cognitive Grammar account of the semantics of the English progressive.” Journal of Linguistics 50: 49-90. De Wit, Peter Petré and Frank Brisard. 2020. “Standing out with the progressive.” Journal of Linguistics 56: 479-514. 3 Beyond progressive aspectuality: Aspectual aan-constructions in Dutch Maarten Bogaards, Leiden University [email protected] Research into how Germanic languages encode aspectuality often proceeds in a top-down fashion. First a conceptual crosslinguistic category is taken as a point of departure, for instance ‘progressivity’. Then that conceptual category is used to analyze and compare specific aspectual forms in language(s), for example the English ‘ing-progressive’ (Boogaart 1999), the ‘am-Progressiv’ in certain German varieties (Van Pottelberge 2004) and the Dutch ‘aan het-progressief’ (Lemmens 2015). This talk argues that a bottom-up, form-driven approach adds an important empirical dimension to this type of analysis. Specifically, it shows that the pattern widely analyzed as ‘the Dutch progressive’ — i.e. ‘aan het + infinitive’ paired with zijn ‘to be’, cf. (1) — shares crucial formal and semantic properties with certain other phrases headed by the preposition aan ‘on’. Instead of an infinitive, these may feature a verb stem, cf. (2), or a noun, cf. (3). Like (1), (2)-(3) appear to encode aspectual meaning. (1) Jan is aan het lezen. John is on the read.INF ‘John is reading.’ (2) Jan is aan de wandel. John is on the stroll.STEM ‘John is taking a stroll.’ (3) Jan is aan het bier. John is on the beer ‘John is drinking beer.’ Recognizing the formal and semantic connections between the aan-patterns in (1)-(3) complicates the idea of a ‘standalone’ Dutch
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