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Acknowledgements Doktori (PhD) értekezés CONTRIBUTIONS TO A SEMANTICO-CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF VERB PARTICLE CONSTRUCTIONS IN ENGLISH AND VERBS WITH COVERBS IN HUNGARIAN Kiss Katalin Debreceni Egyetem BTK 2011 Contributions to a Semantico-Contrastive Analysis of Verb Particle Constructions in English and Verbs with Coverbs in Hungarian Értekezés a doktori (Ph.D.) fokozat megszerzése érdekében a Nyelvtudományok tudományágban Írta: Kiss Katalin okleveles angol nyelv és irodalom szakos középiskolai tanár Készült a Debreceni Egyetem Nyelvtudományok doktori iskolája (Angol Nyelvészet alprogramja) keretében Témavezető: Dr. Cserép Attila A doktori szigorlati bizottság: elnök: Dr. Pelyvás Péter tagok: Dr. Martsa Sándor Dr. Tóth Enikő A doktori szigorlat időpontja: 2011 február 10. Az értekezés birálói: Dr. ………………………. Dr. ………………………. Dr. ………………………. A bírálóbizottság: elnök: Dr. ………………………. tagok: Dr. ………………………. Dr. ………………………. Dr. ………………………. Dr. ………………………. Az értekezés védésének időpontja: 2011 ……………….. … . Én Kiss Katalin felelősségem tudatában kijelentem, hogy a benyújtott értekezés a szerzői jog nemzetközi normáinak tiszteletében tartásával készült. Jelen értekezést korábban más intézményben nem nyújtottam be és azt nem utasították el. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. vi ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vii 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 2. OVERVIEW OF PHRASAL VERBS ............................................................ 6 2.1 Problems with the traditional approach ............................................................ 6 2.2 Defining phrasal verbs in the linguistic literature ............................................ 9 2.3 The treatment of phrasal verbs by Modern English dictionaries and grammar books ...................................................................................................... 19 2.4 The various stages of the development of phrasal verbs ................................ 24 2.4.1 Some notes about phrasal verbs in Old English.......................................... 24 2.4.2 The introduction of phrasal verbs in Middle English as a productive form 25 2.4.3 Phrasal verbs in Present-Day English ........................................................ 26 2.5 Some syntactic tests for phrasal verbs ............................................................ 27 3. THE SEMANTICS OF VERB PARTICLE COMBINATIONS AS REFLECTED IN SYNTAX ......................................................................... 34 3.1 Some notes on terminology ............................................................................ 34 3.2 Transparent vs. idiomatic verb particle constructions .................................... 37 3.3 Classifications of verb particle constructions ................................................. 40 3.4 Cross-linguistic studies of verb-particle constructions with special reference to Hungarian .............................................................................. 44 4. MORPHOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY IN WORD FORMATION ........ 49 4.1 Defining “productivity” ................................................................................. 49 4.2 A working definition of productivity ............................................................. 56 4.3 Degrees of productivity .................................................................................. 57 4.4 Constraints on productivity ............................................................................ 59 4.4.1 Syntactic restrictions ................................................................................... 60 4.4.2 Semantic restrictions ................................................................................... 60 4.4.3 Phonological restrictions ............................................................................ 61 4.4.4 Morphological restrictions .......................................................................... 62 4.4.5 Pragmatic constraints ................................................................................. 63 iii 4.4.6 Blocking ....................................................................................................... 64 4.4.7 Restrictions on the output of word formation rules ..................................... 64 4.5 The criteria of morphological productivity .................................................... 66 4.5.1 Semantic compositionality or morphosemantic transparency .................... 66 4.5.2 Morphotactic transparency ......................................................................... 68 4.5.3 A rule scope requirement ............................................................................ 69 4.5.4 Class-openness ............................................................................................ 70 5. MORPHOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY OF THE ENGLISH VERB PARTICLE CONSTRUCTIONS .......................................................... 74 5.1 Selection of relevant data and methods .......................................................... 74 5.2 Analysis and discussion ................................................................................. 77 5.2.1 The relationship of prefixed verbs to particle verbs and the interpretation of prefixed verbs in terms of productivity ..................................... 77 5.2.2. Morphological productivity of the verb particle constructions in the dictionaries ................................................................................................. 84 5.2.2.1 Productivity of the particle OUT in verb particle constructions ............. 84 5.2.2.2 Productivity of the particle UP in verb particle constructions ................ 91 5.2.2.3 Productivity of the particle DOWN in verb particle constructions .......... 97 5.2.2.4 Productivity of the particle IN in verb particle constructions................ 100 5.3 Summary of the morphological productivity of verb particle constructions................................................................................... 103 5.4 Productivity of verb particle constructions with Levin‟s verb classes ......... 105 6. ASPECT, AKTIONSART, EVENT STRUCTURE AND PARTICLES . 113 6.1 Defining Aspect and Aktionsart ................................................................... 113 6.2 The notion of Event Structure ...................................................................... 120 6.3 A classic example of particles as /+telic/ markers ....................................... 130 6.4 Directional particles and their aspectual impact on verbs ............................ 132 6.5 The meaning of “perfectivity” and the role of particles in its expression ................................................................................................... 135 6.6 The expressivity of particles........................................................................ 138 7. THE IMPACT OF PARTICLES AND COVERBS ON VERBAL EVENT STRUCTURE - A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS ............................ 140 7.1 The stative verb in English and Hungarian .................................................. 140 7.1.1 The semantics of stative verbs ................................................................... 144 iv 7.1.2 Perfectivization .......................................................................................... 151 7.2 Activity verbs and telicity ............................................................................ 155 7.2.1 Activity verbs, telicity and particles in English ......................................... 155 7.2.2 Telicity marking in Hungarian. Comparison of Hungarian and English .. 164 7.3 Achievement verbs and telicity in English and Hungarian .......................... 170 7.4 Semelfactive verbs and telicity in English and Hungarian .......................... 177 7.5 Summary of event structure, particles and coverbs ..................................... 185 8. A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL AKTIONSARTEN IN HUNGARIAN AND ENGLISH ................................ 187 8.1 The notion of morphological Aktionsart ...................................................... 188 8.2 Criteria of determining a morphological Aktionsart .................................... 190 8.2.1 Productivity ............................................................................................... 190 8.2.2 Aktionsart is an additional feature of verbs with coverbs ......................... 190 8.2.3 The role of an Aktionsart-forming coverb ................................................. 190 8.3 The analysis of Hungarian-English Aktionsarten ........................................ 191 8.3.1 Frequentative Aktionsart ........................................................................... 191 8.3.2 Saturative Aktionsart ................................................................................. 192 8.3.3 Iterative Aktionsart .................................................................................... 192 8.3.4 Resultative Aktionsart ............................................................................... 193 8.3.5 Semelfactive Aktionsart ............................................................................. 194 8.3.6 Diminutive Aktionsart ............................................................................... 194 8.3.7 Inchoative Aktionsart ...............................................................................
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