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Life of Original Mumbaikars, Kolis Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 10 Issue 07, July-2021 Life of Original Mumbaikars, Kolis Taarika Ganesh Chadchan Jayprakash Graduate, B. Arch Associate Professor School of Planning and Architecture School of Planning and Architecture VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract— A group of fishermen, the Kolis have been living in Mumbai for the last 500 years. They have been known as the original Mumbaikars as it is believed that many prominent places in Mumbai have been named by this community. Their Koliwadas (meaning home facing the sea) are in various regions in Mumbai, such as Worli, Juhu, Thane, etc. Their livelihoods depend on fishing and at present, due to the increasing competition in the business, they are facing a lot of problems and due to this they have started looking at other means of income. Another major problem the community is facing is the new Coastal Road Development Project. The project poses a major threat to their land and there have been several resistances against this. However, this has not received any positive response and the community is facing the threat of being displaced from their inherent land. The research aims to throw light upon the community, the various problems they are facing, study the reasons for their decline and look at options for revival and rejuvenation of the Kolis. The research will also look at how the area inhabited by the Kolis can become a potential tourist site by incorporating the abandoned Worli fort, keeping in mind traditional and cultural aspects. I. INTRODUCTION Kolis are an ethnic group of fishermen found in regions of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh etc. The area that has been chosen for the study is Worli Koliwada [1]. This community has been an important part of Mumbai city’s identity and residents have been prime victims of the city’s development. Figure 01 shows how over the years the Figure01. Location and Growth of fishing villages in Mumbai, [Source: number of fishing villages in the city have vanished rapidly Kanekar, Sahil. "Re-interpreting the resource – Case applied Sassoon Dock, Mumbai." Architectural thesis, Academy of Architecture. 2013- due to the city’s growth and development. 2014.] The Kolis have been a part of Mumbai city for a long time In 1770, the community experienced a rather life-changing now and they have witnessed and been a part of the changes move. It was the time of the British patronage and they had and developments that the city has undergone. Even before taken control of several parts in the city. As the city Mumbai became the city that it is today, the Kolis have been developed, the Koli community was removed from Dongri inhabitants of the land. They are a crucial part of the city and by the East India Company. This caused the marginalization have become a part of the identity. and sidelining of the community. As more land was reclaimed, the men of the sea had to settle elsewhere. They were stranded in the Cuffe Parade, and they started their traditional deep-sea fishing here. The Backbay reclamation in the 60s would have caused further marginalization if the community had not approached the court. Now their lands are protected under the law. [3] Recently, the community has been facing several issues, few of which have been highlighted in previous sections. The members of the community are now looking at various other livelihood options. The youth of the community are not interested in joining the fishing business and prefer taking up corporate jobs where they feel there is more scope for money. Due to the competition in the sea, overfishing is a IJERTV10IS070110 www.ijert.org 167 (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 10 Issue 07, July-2021 common scenario. The Kolis do not get enough catch as they and surveys, there has been no effort made to understand the are no longer the only ones in the business. potential and importance of the Worli Koliwada. [14][15][16][17][27][36] SOCIO CULTURAL ASPECTS To avoid further depletion and eradication of this community, strategic steps need to be adopted to ensure their Development is crucial for the growth of any city protection and wellbeing. Therefore, the objective of the or country. The various impacts, both positive and negative, study is as follows: can be seen clearly if one looks carefully into the micro level picture of the city/country. There is a constant need for • To conduct a literature review of Koli communities development in our country, however, at what and most located in Mumbai with respect to history, education, importantly, whose cost? socio-economic and cultural aspects, government Mumbai has been known as the city of dreams and schemes and policies etc. is one of the most populated cities in the country, with a • To undertake a detailed case study analysis of Worli population of 1.84 crores (as of census 2011). The city has Koliwada focusing on socio-economic, spatio-cultural, served as a host for various immigrants who come looking and infrastructural aspects. for jobs and to settle down. Being the economic capital of the country, the city has witnessed and been a part of the • To outline and suggest the need for alternative fastest developments in the country. However, this redevelopment strategies to empower the Koli development has also paved the way for disparities among community in general and Worli Koliwada in the citizens at various social, economic, and cultural levels. particular Within the boundaries of this metropolitan city one can also find slums and people living in extreme poverty and living II. LITERATURE REVIEW conditions. Slums like Dharavi are well known, and this is a ORIGIN AND HISTORY clear indication that development does not favor all. To Historically, there has been difficulty in identifying the understand the life of this side of Mumbai, these aspects people as Koli or Bhil. The term Koli was used to describe were studied: lawless people and it was during the British rule, that the definition of this word changed and was later used as a noun • Education – Although they are traditionally to describe them as nothing but inferior to the Kunbis (a term fishermen, the Kolis have started educating their used to refer to traditionally non-elite farmers in western children due to the severe economic decline the India. [1] community is facing. They do not want their kids to face the same problems and want better lives for them It is said that Kolis were the first inhabitants of the Mumbai [21] city (then Bombay) and that they resided along the coast of the seven islands. It has been mentioned in several articles • Literacy Rates – Now that the members of the and videos that the etymology of “Mumbai” and several community have started educating their kids, the other locations in the city, have been from the Koli literacy rate has increased. From various surveys community. For example, Mumbai got its name from and research conducted, it can be observed that the Mumbadevi, their goddess, and the patron deity of the city. youth in the community went on to pursue degrees Several other examples are Kolabhat which went on to and diplomas in the field of engineering and become Colaba, Paalav (a type fish), went on to be known computer skills which were required for them to be as Palva Bunder which then went on to be named as Apollo hired for jobs. [21] Bandar and Machagaon became Mazgaon. [2] • Health – The health situation has improved but is still When the East India Company removed them from Dongri not the best. Many people still do not have access to in 1770, they were stranded in Cuffe Parade. It is from here good toilet and sanitation, and this paves way for the that they began piling their ancient trade of deep-sea water spread of diseases like diarrhea, malaria etc. The fishing. The Backbay reclamation of the 60s would have community has access to local government hospitals eliminated and marginalized them further, had they not taken where treatment is provided at affordable rates. [21] this issue to court. Now their lands are protected by the law. • Culture - The Kolis have their own set of cultural The Kolis live in communities and this place is called settings and festivals that give them their identity. Koliwada (house facing the sea) in various parts of Mumbai From their dressing to their folk songs, the Kolis will such as Worli, Versova, Thane, Juhu etc. [3] make you feel at home and a part of their community in just a few minutes. Koli folk songs and dances Although there have been several efforts made to study the incorporate elements that the community is familiar problems faced by the community through various studies with - sea and fishing [21] IJERTV10IS070110 www.ijert.org 168 (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 10 Issue 07, July-2021 III.METHODOLOGY IV.CASE STUDY ANALYSIS – WORLI KOLIWADA LOCATION LATITUDE - 19º 01’33N, LONGITUDE - 72º 49’14E Worli is a locality in South Mumbai (Figure 02). Being one of the most prominent areas in the city, this area was initially one of the seven islands that made up the present-day Mumbai.
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