fief 23 December 1998 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON lll(4):889-892. 1998. A new genus of ghost shrimp from Japan (Crustacea: Decapoda: Callianassidae)

Raymond B. Manning and Akio Tamaki (RBM) Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 20560-0163, U.S.A.; (AT) Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-Machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan

Abstract.—A new genus, Nihonotrypaea, is recognized for three species from Japan formerly assigned to Callianassa sensu lato: N. japonica (Ortmann, 1891), the type species; N. harmandi (Bouvier. 1901); and N. petalura (Stimp- son, 1860).

One of us (A.T.) has carried out studies rect the specific names and make the ge- on the biology and development of the shal- neric name available. A more detailed ac- low water species, Callianassa japonica count of the new genus and all three species Ortmann, 1891, in an estuarine system on assigned to it is in preparation by us. western Kyushu Island, Japan since 1989 (Tamaki et al. 1996, Tamaki et al. 1997). Family Callianassidae Dana, 1854 These studies revealed consistent differenc- Subfamily Callianassinae Dana, 1854 es in biology, development, habitat, and Nihonotrypaea, new genus morphology in populations from different areas within the estuary, which extends Diagnosis.—Carapace lacking rostral from Ariake Sound through Tachibana Bay spine, minute median spinule present or ab- to the East China Sea (Tamaki et al. 1997: sent. Cornea dorsal, subterminal, disc- fig. 1). One of us (R.B.M.) examined sam- shaped (Fig. la, b). Antervnular and anten- ples from different localities within the nal peduncles similar. Third maxilliped study area and found that not only were (Fig. lc, d) lacking exopod, ischium-merus there two species involved, but also that suboperculiform, merus projecting beyond morphological characters warranted their articulation with carpus; latter, propodus separation into a new genus of Callianas- and dactylus slender. Chelipeds unequal, sinae. That two similar species occurred in both with meral hook. First pleopod slender, Japan had been recognized by De Man uniramous in both sexes (Fig. le,f). Second (1928), who identified them as C. japonica pleopod absent in male, slender, biramous and C. harmandi Bouvier, 1901, and clearly in female (Fig. Ig). Third to fifth pleopods figured their diagnostic features; De Man's with stubby, projecting appendices internae material all came from Bingo, Japan. De (Fig. Ih) in both sexes. Man's findings generally have been ignored Type species.—Callianassa japonica by subsequent students of the group. Sakai Ortmann, 1891, by present designation. (1969) synonymized C. harmandi with C. Included species.—Nihonotrypaea ja- japonica and recognized C. petalura Stimp- ponica (Ortmann, 1891), new combination; son, 1860 as a distinct species. N. petalura (Stimpson, 1860), new combi- As numerous studies on the biology of nation; and N. harmandi (Bouvier, 1901), these species are in preparation by Tamaki new combination. and his colleagues and students, we decided Etymology.—The generic name is to prepare this preliminary account to cor- formed by combining the Japanese name 890 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Fig. I. Nihonnliypaea harmandi (Bouvier, 1901). a, Front and eyes; c, Third maxllliped, outer surface; d. Third maxilliped, inner surface; e, First pleopod of female; /, First pleopod of male; ,<,', Second pleopod of female; h. Appendix interna of third pleopod of male (a, c. j. h, from Dc Man 1928: pi. 5. fig. 10, as Callianussu (Trypaea) japonica). b, N. japonica (Ortmann, 1891), from Dc Man 1928:pl. 3, fig. 6. as Calliana.ssa (Trypaea) harmandi): c. d. f, female from Tomioka (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Wash- ington, D.C.). Scale = 1 mm, c, d; 0.5 mm, g.

for Japan, Nihon, with the generic name from Poti Rodrigues & Manning, 1992, by Trypaea. The gender is feminine. the presence of a complete linea thalas.sin- Remarks.—With the addition of Nihon- ica on the carapace; from Trypaea Dana, otrypaea, nine genera are now recognized 1852 in having a much smaller and shorter in the callianassid subfamily Callianassinae. antennular peduncle. Nihonotrypaea can be distinguished from In the three other genera in the subfamily those with projecting appendices internae (Callianassa Leach, 1814; Gilvossius Man- on pleopods 3-5 as follows: from Biffarius ning & Felder, 1992; and Neotrypaea Man- Manning & Felder, 1991 in that the size of ning & Felder, 1991), the appendices inter- adults is larger, the antennal and antennular nae of pleopods 3-5 are embedded in the peduncles are similar in size and shape, and margin of the endopod. That feature alone the third maxilliped is much narrower; from distinguishes members of these three genera Calliapagurops de Saint Laurent, 1973 by from Nihonotrypaea, in which the appen- its subterminal corneas; from Notiax Man- dices internae are projecting from the mar- ning & Felder, 1991 in lacking a strong me- gin of the endopod. dian spine on the carapace and in having One of the three species assigned to Ni- the merus of the third maxilliped projecting honotrypaea, N. petalura, lives among beyond its articulation with the carpus; boulders in the intertidal zone of ocean- VOLUME III, NUMBER 4 891 front beaches. The two other species, If, ja- harmandi, which kindled his interest. The ponica and N. harmandi, live on protected figure was prepared by Lilly King Man- flats in estuaries. The range of N. petalura ning. Manning's studies on the systematics is identical to that of N. harmandi. of callianassids are supported by the Smith- Although De Man (1928) was correct in sonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. This recognizing C. japonica and C. harmandi is contribution 458 from that facility. We as distinct species, he assigned the wrong thank Brian Kensley, Rafael Lemaitre, and name to each of them, for he did not have Chris Tudge for their comments on the access to their types and the original ac- manuscript, which materially improved a counts were quite short. The two species late draft. The figure was prepared by Lilly can be distinguished by the size of their King Manning. cornea alone, as shown by De Man (1928). In N. harmandi (Fig. la) the cornea is rel- Literature Cited atively large, at least half the width of the stalk, whereas in N. japonica (Fig. \b) the Bouvier. E.-L. 1901. Sur quelqucs Crustaccs du Japon, cornea is much smaller, one-third to one- offers au Museum par M. le Dr. Harmand.— Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris fifth the width of the stalk. In N. harmandi, 7:332-334. the front often is ornamented with a minute Dana. J. D. 1852. Macroura. Conspectus Crustaccorum spinule, which is lacking in N. japonica. &. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Explor- All members of the genus are relatively ing Expedition under Capt. C. Wilkcs, U.S.N.— small, total lengths up to about 65 mm. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Scienc- es of Philadelphia 6:10-28. The two species also differ in aspects of de Man. J. G. 1928. A contribution to the knowledge biology, habitat, and their parasites (Man- of twenty-two species and three varieties of the ning & Tamaki, in preparation). genus Callianassa Leach.—Capita Zoologica The original citations of the two species 2(6): 1-56, pis. 1-12. are: de Saint Laurent. M. 1973. Sur la systematique et la phylogenic des Thalassinidea: definition des Callianassa subterranea var. japonica Ort- families de Callianassidae et des Upogebiidae mann, 1891:56, pi. 1, fig. 10a [ = Calli- et diagnose de cinq genres nouveaux (Crustacea anassa (Trypaea) harmandi sensu De Decapoda).—Comptcs Rendus Hebdomadal res Man, 1928:13, pi. 3, fig. 6]. de Seances de I'Academic des Sciences, Paris (scries D) 277:513-516. Callianassa Harmandi Bouvier, 1901:333 Leach. W. E. 1814. Crustaceology. In D. Brewster, ed., [ = Callianassa (Trypaea) japonica sensu Edinburgh Encyclopaedia 7(2):385-437, Edin- De Man, 1928:13, pi. 5, fig. 10]. burgh. Manning. R. B., & D. L. Felder. 1991. Revision of the American Callianassidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Acknowledgments Thalassinidea).—Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 104(4):764-792. We thank Nguyen Ngoc-Ho, Museum , & . 1992. Gilvossius, a new genus of National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, for the callianassid shrimp from the eastern United loan of the syntypes of Callianassa har- States.—Bulletin of Marine Science 49(1-2)[for mandi Bouvier, 1901, and Elizabeth Lang, 1991]:558-561. Musee Zoologique de l'Universitd et de la Ortmann, A. E. 1891. Die Abtheilungen der Reptantia Boas: Homaridea, Loricata und Thalassinidea. Ville de Strasbourg, France, for the loan of Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Muse- the holotype of Callianassa japonica Ort- ums, mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung der von mann, 1891, for which we are most grate- Herrn Dr. Doderlein bei Japan und den Liu-Kiu- ful. Without these specimens it would have Inseln gesammelten und zur. Zeit im Strassbur- been impossible to solve the identity of the ger Museum aufbewahrten Formen, III Theil.— Zoologische Jahrbiicher, Abtheilung fur Syste- two species found in Tamaki's studies. matic Geographic und Biologic der Tiere 6:1— Manning is indebted to Keiji Baba for send- 58, pi. 1. ing the first samples of N. japonica and N. Rodrigues, S. de A., & R. B. Manning. 1992. Poli 892 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

gauclio, a new genus and species of ghost observavit et descripsit. Pars 8.—Proceedings shrimp from southern Brazil (Crustacea: Deca- of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- pocla: Callianassidae).—Bulletin of Marine Sci- delphia 1860:22-47. ence 5I(1):9-I3. Tamaki, A., H. Tanoue, J. Itoh, & Y. Fukuda. 1996. Sakai, K. 1969. Revision of Japanese callianassids Brooding and larval developmental periods of based on the variations of larger cheliped in the callianassid ghost shrimp. Calliana.s.sa ja- Callianas.su peialura Stimpson and C. japonica ponica (Decapoda: Thalassinidea).—Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Ortmann (Decapoda: Anomura).—Publications KJngdom 76:675-689. of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 17(4): , B. Ingole. K. Ikebe, K. Muramatsu. M. Taka. 209-252, pis. 9-15. & M. Tanaka. 1997. Life history of the ghost Stimpson. W. I860. Crustacea Macrura. Prodromus shrimp. Callianassa japonica Ortmann (Deca- descriptionis animalium evcrtebratorum, quac poda, Thalassinidea). on an intertidal sandflat in in Expedltione ad Oceanum Pacificum Scpten- western Kyushu, Japan.—Journal of Experi- trionalcm a Republica Federula missa, Cadwa- mental Marine Biology and Ecology 210:223— ladaro Rinaaold et Johanne Rodgers ducibus, 250.