Review of the THALASSINIDEA (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA) from Chile and Argentina

Item Type Journal Contribution

Authors Thatje, Sven

Citation Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia, 31, p. 115-122

Publisher UMAG, Punta Arenas (Chile)

Download date 23/09/2021 12:36:00

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4341 Anales Instituto Patagonia, (Chile), 2003. 31:115-122 115

REVIEW OF THE THALASSINIDEA (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA) FROM CHILE AND ARGENTINA

UNA REVISIÓN DE LOS THALASSINIDEA (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA) DE CHILE Y ARGENTINA

Sven Thatje1

Thalassinid decapods have received summarize the extant knowledge on the Thala- increasing attention in marine ecology due to their ssinidea from both Chilean and Argentine waters. deep-burrowing activity and their ecological A particular species was considered importance in benthic communities, i.e. as valid when it was mentioned as such in several bioturbators in muddy environments (Pemberton papers or never synonymized with any other et al. 1976, Stamhuis et al. 1996, Coelho et al. 2000). taxon. Latitudinal distribution along the Chilean Due to the increasing world-wide interest in Pacific and the Argentine Atlantic coast was biodiversity, the number of new descriptions of evaluated from the literature listed in the Aquatic thalassinid species increased significantly during Science and Fishery Abstracts (ASFA, Cam- the last few decades (Dworschak 2000). Bio- bridge, U.K.). Most local South American literature diversity studies performed in the western is not included into international computer Atlantic Ocean showed this region to be one of databases. For this reason the author searched those with highest thalassinid diversity world- for additional information in local scientific wide (Dworschak 2000, Williams 1993). However, literature from the respective countries in 1997. marine biologists still paid little attention to the Additional informations on thalassinid distri- thalassinids from the southwestern Atlantic bution were obtained revising thalassinid mate- waters off Argentina and the Chilean Pacific coast rial of the crustacean collections of the Zoological (Fig. 1). Only eight thalassinid species are so far Museum of the Humboldt University, Berlin, known to occur along the Chilean and Argentine Germany, and the Invertebrate Collection of the coasts (Fig. 2). Recent descriptions of new Universidad de Buenos Aires (Facultad de Cien- species from these waters (Guzman & Thatje 2003) cias Exactas y Naturales), Argentina. and especially from the deeper sublittoral (Thatje This work presents as many type 2000, Thatje & Gerdes 2000) indicate that the to- sampling sites as available from the literature, in tal species richness of the Thalassinidea from order to reveal and work out exact distribution Chile and Argentina still remains to be disco- limits, and to give indications for possible vered. The present work is an attempt to sampling sites for future studies. In the case of

1Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research. P.O. Box 120 161, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. e-mail: [email protected] 116 S. THATJE

Brazil 10° Perú South America

Bolivia Arica 20° Pacific

Iquique Paraguay Ocean San Patache Sebastián

Antofagasta Santos 30°

Río Grande Uruguay Buenos Aires Constitución Río de la Plata Golfo de Arauco Argentina (Playa Negra, Penco)

40° Puerto Montt/Calbuco Bahía Blanca

Chiloé Golfo San Jorge Península of Taitao Atlantic

South Puerto Deseado Ocean Patagonian Icefield 50° Santa Cruz Falkland Islands Strait of (Islas Malvinas) Magellan

Magellan Tierra region del Fuego

Beagle Channel

80° 70° 60° 50° 40° Fig. 1. Geography of the Chilean and Argentine study areas, with indications of major thalassinid distribution/sampling areas obtained from the literature and unpublished sources. widely scattered records, it was assumed that a Biogeography and bathymetric distribution continuous latitudinal distribution between endpoints exists. Where any original sampling Two thalassinid families are known to area could be identified from the literature, latitu- occur in Chilean and Argentine waters dinal ranges were just readjusted according to (Callianassidea, Upogebiidae, Table 1). The previous work. recently discovered species Upogebia australis Thatje and Gerdes, 2000, is the only representative of the Upogebiidae cited for Chilean and REVIEW OF THE THALASSINIDEA FROM CHILE AND ARGENTINA 117

Argentine waters and was recorded from the Magellan region, and the Atlantic coast being subantarctic Beagle Channel (Fig. 1). Although exposed to the physical impact of heavy waves. this species was found in Chilean territory (Thatje The fjords are usually affected by extremely high & Gerdes 2000), I herein consider it as a repre- sedimentation rates due to glacier rubdown, sentative for both Chile and Argentina, due to which may affect thalassinid populations, too (for the special geographic situation of the Beagle discussion see, Thatje et al. 1999). The same Channel, being divided by the political frontier of pattern, low temperatures and high sedimentation both countries. The same holds true for the rates, could also explain the virtual absence of callianassid Notiax santarita Thatje 2000, from mud shrimps from the area off the Chilean South the same area. Patagonian Icefield (Fig. 1; Mutschke et al. 1998), The Callianassidae are represented by where decapod diversity was found to be 7 species in 6 genera: four species are cited for extremely low (Mutschke et al. 1998, Mutschke the south-western Atlantic Argentine waters & Gorny 1999). (including the Beagle Channel, Fig. 1) and five for Neotrypea uncinata shows the widest the Chilean Pacific coast, most of which are of latitudinal distribution along the Pacific American intertidal living. The only species occurring coast, from Mexico south to central Chile (Penín- continuously at either sides off southern South sula de Taitao, Fig. 1). The intertidal species N. America is Notiax brachyophthalma (c.f. Retamal uncinata and Callichirus garthi are both of 1981, Ferrari 1981) which is known from the Golfo interest for local artisanal fisheries in Chile and San Jorge south to Puerto Deseado along the frequently used as bait. Argentine coast, and from Puerto Montt north- wards to Arica and the frontier with Perú (Fig. 1). Life history Retamal (1981) cited this species to occur around the southernmost tip of South America, i.e. the Studies on thalassinid population Magellan region, but the only records recorded dynamics or adult life history do not exist for the from the literature are those mentioned above Chilean and Argentine representatives. Larval (compare Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). It is questionable, development and morphology are only known for whether this distribution was really based on the intertidal callianassids Callichirus garthi and continuous finds all over the area under Neotrypea uncinata from Chile (Table 1). investigation, or was just considered as a Thalassinid larvae were frequently shown to continuous distribution pattern on the basis of contribute an important part to the spring endpoint localities. Notiax, in addition, is the only meroplankton community (Baez & Martin 1992, genus represented by two species in the Beagle Cervellini 1986, Palma 1976, 1980, Thatje et al. Channel, which joins Chile and Argentina. The 2003), but the lack of larval descriptions hampers second representative, Notiax santarita Thatje, larval identification (Wehrtmann & Baez 1997). 2000, was recorded from the deeper sublittoral of Larvae of N. uncinata collected during the Beagle Channel and adjacent southern Seno spring were reported from the South Patagonian Ponsonby off Tierra del Fuego (Thatje & Icefield and the Magellan region (see Fig. 1, Mutschke 1999), and both species of Notiax can Mujica & Medina 1996, Mujica & Villablanca be clearly separated on the basis of morphological 1999). The southernmost find of adult N. uncinata differences (Thatje 2000). Additionally, both is known from Puerto Montt and the island of species show seemingly a bathymetric separation Chiloé (Table 1). Since adults of this intertidal in habitats, Notiax brachyophthalma being an species were never reported from the Magellan inter- and shallow subtidally occurring species, region and the South Patagonian Icefield, the whereas N. santarita prefers the deeper sublittoral occurrence of its larvae is doubtful and may be a (Table 1). I never found intertidally occurring mud misidentification due to a lack of morphological shrimps around Tierra del Fuego and many descriptions. This is supported by the fact that adjacent fjords studied. This apparent absence further meroplankton samples taken in the of thalassinids from those intertidal zones might Magellan region in spring (Thatje et al. 2003) did be attributed to low average temperatures in the not contain N. uncinata larvae, albeit the 118 S. THATJE

Brazil 10° Perú

Bolivia

20°

Paraguay

30°

Uruguay

Argentina

40°

50°

80° 70° 60° 50°

Fig. 2. Approximate latitudinal distribution of the Chilean and Argentine Thalassinidea along the Atlantic and Pacific coast. Dots indicate original type material sampling sites, which could have been identified from the literature or unpublished data. thalassinid larvae found (Thatje et al. 2003) Parasitism contributed about 20% to the total meroplankton fraction. These larvae were not identified to Infestation by bopyrid isopods had species level due to the absence of adequate larval frequently been observed in the thalassinid descriptions, but were hypothesized to belong to species N. brachyophthalma and N. uncinata. the genus Notiax, the only thalassinid genus yet Neotrypea uncinata was shown to be affected known to occur in the Beagle Channel (Thatje by three different bopyrid species (see Stuardo 2000). et al 1986a, b, and references therein), which are REVIEW OF THE THALASSINIDEA FROM CHILE AND ARGENTINA 119

TABLE 1. Overview on distribution and life history data of the Chilean and Argentine Thalassinidea. Data obtained from the literature and unpublished sources (Aste & Retamal 1983, 1984, Biffar 1971, Boschi et al. 1992, Boschi 2000, Brattström & Dahl 1951, Brattström & Johanssen, 1983; Ferrari 1981, Guzman & Thatje 2003, Holthuis 1952, 1956, Lichtwardt 1961, Manning & Felder 1991, Quintana 1978, Rathbun 1910, Retamal 1975, 1981, 1994, Spivak 1997, Thatje, 2000, Thatje & Gerdes 2000, Thatje unpublished data).

Species Distribution Total length Bathymetric Larval development (mm) depth (m) Upogebiidae Upogebia australis Chile/Argentina: Beagle Channel 26 255 unknown Thatje & Gerdes 2000 Callianassidae Callichirus garthi Chile: Arica, Golfo de Arauco to Constitución 90-130 0.5-5 Zoea I-V + megalopa, (Retamal 1975) (Quintana 1978, Aste & Retamal 1983)

Neocallichirus mirim Brazil: Santos, San Sebastián, San Pablo, Río 45-75 intertidal, unknown Rodrigues 1971 Grande; Uruguay; Argentina: Buenos Aires nearshore

Notiax santarita Chile/Argentina: Beagle Channel; Chile: Seno 28-71 65-246 unknown Thatje & Gerdes 2000 Ponsonby (south of Beagle Channel)

Notiax brachyophthalma Chile: Chiloé, Puerto Montt (Estero Reloncaví 8-42 0-40 unknown (A. Milne-Edwards 1870) fjord), central to northern Chile; Argentina: Puerto Deseado, Golfo San Jorge

Neotrypea uncinata Chile: Península de Taitao, Puerto Montt 25-90 0-1 Zoea I-V (Aste & (H. Milne-Edwards 1837) (Calbuco, Isla Tengo), Bahía Coliumo, Playa Retamal 1984) Negra; Perú: Capón, Tumbes; Mexico

Anacalliax argentinensis Argentina: Province of Buenos Aires to Puerto 50-65 shallow, subtidal, unknown (Biffar 1971) Deseado, Province of Santa Cruz to 50

Biffarius pacificus Chile: Iquique, Patache, Antofagasta 17-26 intertidal to unknown Guzman & Thatje 2003 shallow subtidal, 1-30 Ionella agassizi Bonnier, 1990, Ione ovata Shiino, diversity in polar areas, and may explain the 1964, and Pseudione brattstroemi Stuardo et al, apparent absence of reptant crabs from Antarctic 1986. Notiax brachyophthalma was found to be waters (for discussion see Frederich et al. 2001). infested by P. brattstroemi and I. ovata (Muñoz Future physiological studies on the thalassinid 1997). representatives of the Subantarctic Magellan Province (e.g. Beagle Channel, Fig. 1) may allow Perspectives further insight into decapod evolution and distribution limits. The knowledge of diversity and life history of the Chilean and Argentine thalassinid ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS shrimps remains scarce and future studies on these topics are needed. The callianassid Notiax My thanks are due to Dr. C.O. Coleman santarita and the upogebiid Upogebia australis for providing the possibility of studying the from the subantarctic cold-temperate Beagle thalassinid material from the Crustacea collection Channel (Fig. 1), represent the southernmost of the Zoological Museum of the Humboldt records of Thalassinidea in the southern hemis- University, Berlin, Germany. Dr. D. Roccatagliata phere. Thalassinidea are virtually absent from the kindly offered the study of undetermined polar regions (for the southern hemisphere see, thalassinid material from the Crustacea collection Gorny 1999), although fossil records have been of the Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. made from the Antarctic (Rodney et al. 1984, This work was partially financed by the Inter- Feldmann et al. 1997). Ecophysiological cons- national Bureau of the German Ministry of traints affecting decapod life history, are assumed Research (BMBF, IB Project No. Arg. 99/002) and to be responsible for the low benthic decapod the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine 120 S. THATJE

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