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10-1922 Cedarville College Bulletin, October 1922 Cedarville College
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Cedarville College Cedarville, Ohio
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progress progress and and reform." - John John Dewey. Dewey.
"I "I believe believe that that education education is is the the fundamental fundamental method method of of social social
"History "History is is a a race race between between education education and and - disaster." G. G. H. H. Wells. Wells.
- Abraham Lincoln Abraham . .
"I "I will will study study and and get get ready ready and and maybe maybe my my chance chance will will come." come."
-Dr. -Dr. J. J. M. M. Gregory. Gregory.
"The "The affections affections come come to to school school with with the the intellect." intellect."
reasons reasons for for doing doing what what they they like."-William like."-William James. James.
Reason Reason appears appears to to be be given given men men chiefly chiefly to to enable enable them them to to discover discover
"We "We used used to to think think that that education education would would solve solve all all problems; problems; but but
-Huxley. -Huxley.
an an earnest earnest and and loving loving desire desire to to move move in in harmony harmony with with those those laws." laws."
men men and and their their ways, ways, and and the the fashioning fashioning of of the the affections affections and and will will into into
under under which which name name I I include include not not merely merely things things and and their their forces, forces, but but
"Education "Education is is the the instruction instruction of of the the intellect intellect in in the the laws laws of of nature, nature,
world."-David world."-David Starr Starr Jordan. Jordan.
"The "The universities universities of of Europe Europe have have shaped shaped the the civilization civilization of of the the
' ' the the school. school. "-Humboldt. "-Humboldt.
"Whatever "Whatever you you would would put put into into the the state state you you must must first first put put into into
wealth." ohn ohn - J J Kno x . .
"Every "Every scholar scholar is is something something added added to to the the riches riches of of the the cornmon
"Education "Education is is the the chief chief defense defense of of nations." - Edmund Edmund Burk e . .
-E. -E. Young. Young.
"A "A thinking thinking man man is is always always striking striking out out somethip.g somethip.g new." new."
- Arnold Arnold Tomplcins. Tomplcins.
"The "The true true end end of of teaching teaching is is one one with with the the true true aim aim of of life." life."
-Immanuel -Immanuel Kant . .
"l\Ian "l\Ian becomes becomes man man only only through through the the process process of of education." education."
GENERAL GENERAL
A A SYMPOSIUM SYMPOSIUM ON ON CHRISTIA CHRISTIA
EDUCATIO EDUCATIO
•• ••
on on tbe tbe
~alhing ~alhing ~oints ~oints EDUCATION AND RELIGION "Too frequently religious education has been regarded as a thing apart. Rather is it the natural and logical conclusion of all education, just as religion is the natural and complete expression of man's being. "-Horne's Psychological Principles of Education. "To produce character education must call to her assistance religion."-Ex-President Hadley of Yale. "To educate a man in mind and not in morals is to educate a menace to society."-Theodore Roosevelt. "Education and religion should be so interwoven that each becomes a part of the other."-Henry Church-ill King. "Education is the gradual adjustment to the spiritual possessions of the race."-Nicholas Murray Butler. "Religion, instead of being a department of education, is an implicit motive thereof. It is the end that presides over the begin ning and gives unity to all stages of the process."-George Albert Coe. "The main difference between the best and the worst personali ties is in the choice by another hand than their own of the circum stances which shall play upon them in youth, out of which spring the thoughts, feelings, acts of choice and efforts which make the , man. That choice by another hand is education."-George Steven. "Character is caught, not taught. It is not propositions, not definitions, not demonstrations, that give inspiration, but the touch of life."-Henry Churchill King. "How is it possible that society should escape destruction if the moral tie be :riot strengthened in proportion as the political tie is relaxed?"-De Toqueville. "Let us with caution indulge the supposition that morality can be maintained without religion. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined education on minds of peculiar structure, the reason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle." ·-Washington's Farewell Address. "Religion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good government, schools and the means of education shall be forever encouraged."-Act of Congress, 1787. "After God had carried us safe to ew England and we had builded our houses, provided necessaries for our livelihood, reared convenient places for God's worship, and settled the Civil govern ment, one of the next things we longed for and looked after was to
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the the child child become?' become?' P. P. Monroe. Monroe. "-J. "-J.
slep slep is is not not 'What 'What has has the the · child child learned?' learned?' but but 'What 'What has has
"The "The question question to to be be asked asked at at of of the the end end an an educational educational
man. man. "-James "-James E. E. Clarke. Clarke.
instructing instructing an an intellect-it intellect-it is is actually actually making making a a man-some man-some kind kind of of a a
do do so so or or not, not, whether whether it it knows knows what what it it is is doing, doing, it it is is not not merely merely
brought brought to to bear bear upon upon the the whole whole of of him. him. Whether Whether the the school school aims aims to to
making, making, and and whatever whatever influences influences are are brought brought to to bear bear upon upon him him are are
mind mind plus plus a a heart heart plus plus a a a a will; will; he he is is just just a a human human being being in in the the
parts parts however however much much we we may may desire desire to to do do so. so. He He is is not not a a body body plus plus
because because the the child child himself himself is is a a unit. unit. We We cannot cannot separate separate him him into into
that that is is what what education education is, is, must must necessarily necessarily be be one one process, process, just just
youth youth to to be be educated. educated. The The whole whole process process of of developing developing a a child, child, and and
erroneous. erroneous. It It ignores ignores the the unity unity of of education education and and the the unity unity of of the the
spiritual spiritual life life of of a a youth youth and and all all the the rest rest of of his his life life is is fundamentally fundamentally
"The "The view view which which draws draws a a sharp sharp line line of of distinction distinction between between the the
receiving receiving an an impression impression that that religion religion is is unimportant."-George unimportant."-George A. A. Coe. Coe.
"To "To receive receive no no religious religious impression impression at at all all is is exactly exactly equivalent equivalent to to
of of the the will."-President will."-President Faunce Faunce of of Brown Brown University. University.
most most needs needs education. education. The The central central task task of of education education is is the the training training
"The "The boy's boy's purely purely mental mental part, part, if if we we could could separate separate it, it, is is not not what what
a a repeating repeating rifle rifle in in the the hands hands of of a a savage."-Herbert savage."-Herbert Spencer. Spencer.
"To "To educate educate the the reason reason without without educating educating the the desire desire is is like like placing placing
important important half half left left out."-Sir out."-Sir Robert Robert Pell. Pell.
"Secular "Secular education education is is only only half half an an education education with with the the most most
-James -James M M cCosh. cCosh.
"Christianity "Christianity has has been been the the mother mother of of all all modern modern education." education."
all all the the world world is is concerned."-Luther. concerned."-Luther.
''The ''The right right instruction instruction of of youth youth is is a a matter matter in in which which Christ Christ and and
upon upon which which to to build build moral moral character."-EZiot. character."-EZiot.
"Exclude "Exclude religion religion from from education education and and you you have have no no foundation foundation
ends. ends. "-Eucken. "-Eucken.
relates relates it it to to the the universe universe as as a a whole whole and and directs directs it it to to the the ultimate ultimate
"Religion "Religion more more than than anything anything else else makes makes a a whole whole out out of of life, life,
to to live, live, as as well well as as to to think."-Emerson. think."-Emerson.
"Character "Character is is higher higher than than intellect. intellect. A A great great soul soul will will be be strong strong
desires. desires. "-Macauley. "-Macauley.
race race had had no no other other origin origin than than the the union union of of high high intelligence intelligence with with lbw lbw
"Nine-tenths "Nine-tenths of of the the calamities calamities which which have have befallen befallen the the human human
be be in in the the dust."-From dust."-From First First Fruits Fruits of of New New England. England.
illiterate illiterate ministry ministry to to the the churches churches when when our our present present ministers ministers shall shall
advance advance learning learning and and perpetuate perpetuate it it to to posterity, posterity, dreading dreading to to leave leave an an "lt is a mi lake to train young people in all lines of krnrn ledg<' and give them full college equipment for undertaking the big tasks of life without making sure also that fundamental principles of right and wrong have become a part of their equipment. There is a control of forces and motives essential to the management of vast affairs which comes only through an educated conscience." -James J. Hill. "Four thousand two hundred college professors caused the great world war. Four thousand two hundred college professors ca11 cause another world war. In the last analysis the destiny of any nation is determined by the schoolmasters of that nation." -Walter Scott A th earn.
"How impressively it has been borne in upon us that the highest and most efficient training of the intellect carries with it a danger greater than utter ignorance if there go with it a twist of the moral vision and a tort of the moral will."-E. D. Burton. "If an enlightened autocracy through education can deliberately cast the molds into which the thought and life of its people will be determined for ages, is it not possible for an enlightened democracy, with this lesson before it, to give through education general direction to the thought and life of the people in the decades to come?'' -J. H. Reynolds. "In itself, education is neither good nor bad. It becomes one or the'other in accordance with its content and motives. "William Yon Humboldt, the first Pru sian minister of education, with Hegel,
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us."-Barbe. us."-Barbe. to to richer richer and and greater greater seem seem may may world world the the that that
but but world, world, the the to to greater greater be be to to seem seem us us m:ake m:ake to to not not is is "Education "Education
Harding. Harding. G. G. leadership."-Warren leadership."-Warren civie civie right right
and and citizenship citizenship Christian Christian to to essential essential is is education education "Christian "Christian
Wilson. Wilson. -Woodrow -Woodrow
Christ." Christ." Jesus Jesus of of religion religion the the except except religion religion any any with with ciated ciated
asso been been recall, recall, can can I I as as far far so so never, never, has has scholarship scholarship and and religion, religion,
with with associated associated when when fruitful fruitful more more been been usually usually has has "Scholarship "Scholarship
Harding. Harding. G. G. development."-Warren development."-Warren spiritual spiritual their their cludes cludes
in education education their their unless unless children children the the to to trusted trusted be be cannot cannot future future
The The children. children. American American for for instruction instruction religious religious in in believe believe "I "I
0. 0. Sisson. Sisson. -Edward -Edward
race." race." the the and and republic republic the the by by required required character character
of of type type the the produce produce to to avails avails it it whether whether is is education education regarding regarding
question question final final The The instruction. instruction. religious religious of of aid aid the the without without up up built built
character character national national a a of of instance instance no no has has history history know, know, we we as far far "So "So
Richardson. Richardson. E. E. -Norman -Norman
system." system." educational educational an an of of means means by by nation nation the the
within within effective effective universally universally made made then then and and leaders leaders national national by by ceived ceived
con be be can can nation nation a a for for ideals ideals that that demonstrated demonstrated been been has has "It "It
Republic. Republic. New New religion."-The religion."-The and and knowledge knowledge
of of reunion reunion the the by by restored restored be be only only can can God God of of City City the the of of integrity integrity
The The civilization. civilization. wreck wreck ultimately ultimately will will it it continues, continues, knowledge knowledge of of
secularization secularization If If the the sanction. sanction. moral moral of of devoid devoid is is authority authority its its But But
mankind. mankind. of of conscience conscience the the and and conduct conduct the the both both over over authority authority
irresistible irresistible and and complete complete more more ever ever an an exercising exercising is is It It people. people.
Christian Christian the the of of lives lives the the in in fact fact dominating dominating the the is is knowledge knowledge secular secular
of of expansion expansion steady steady The The transmutation. transmutation. this this of of born born is is civilization civilization
of of predicament predicament awful awful present present The The power. power. responsible responsible than than rather rather
irresponsible irresponsible into into it it transmitted transmitted knowledge knowledge new new the the of of engineer engineer
the the religion, religion, and and knowledge knowledge between between divorce divorce the the to to "Owing "Owing
1920. 1920. Survey, Survey, -Educational -Educational
chance." chance." another another civilization civilization modern modern gave gave and and education education
tituted tituted pro pro a a of of menace menace the the overcame overcame which which ideals ideals these these of of service service
the the in in education education It It was was righteousness. righteousness. and and justice justice liberty, liberty, of of ideals ideals
the the defend defend and and establish establish Lo Lo education education used used \meric-a \meric-a . and and England England
Christian Christian world. world. the the of of life life the the threatening threatening swonl swonl two-edg<'cl two-edg<'cl sharp, sharp,
a a like like is is used used so so Education Education militarism. militarism. Prussian Prussian strengthen strengthen and and
maintain maintain create, create, to to education education used used others, others, and and ietzsche ietzsche Treitschke, Treitschke, "Only religious education can bring permanenl order out of thf' chaos of the present, for things never can be right until people arc right, and people will not be right until they are right at heart m ideals, motives, will an -8- -9- Root. Root. students."-Elihu students."-Elihu hundred hundred three three than than more more not not of of college college a a in in life life or'his or'his success success true true a a making making l'or l'or education education for for chance chance better better a a has has boy boy American American the the that that believe believe "I "I Harding. Harding. G. G. -Warren -Warren environment." environment." impressive impressive the the in in as as modest modest the the in in found found be be to to likely likely as as are are that that do do to to enough enough strong strong and and big big are are who who men men nd nd them. them. about about atmosphere atmosphere intellectual intellectual the the colored colored have have who who natures, natures, generous generous their their of of given given have have who who persqnalities, persqnalities, their their stamped stamped have have who who men men men, men, concern concern schools schools famous famous of of traditions traditions The The lants. lants. matricu the the of of multitude multitude the the in in yet yet nor nor architecture; architecture; and and mortar mortar and and marble marble in in not not is is school school great great a a of of essence essence The The universities. universities. great great the the in in impossible impossible is is which which instructors instructors his his with with association association intimate intimate that that finds finds student student the the too, too, Here, Here, education. education. higher higher the the ratizes ratizes democ that that college college small small the the is is It It colleges. colleges. smaller smaller the the courage courage en maintain and and maintain to to obligation obligation the the is is there there this, this, all all with with "Along "Along Hill. Hill. J. J. character."-James character."-James sterling sterling of of development development the the in in factors factors vital vital are are colleges colleges these these and and statesmanship statesmanship to to essential essential is is Character Character America. America. of of hope hope the the is is college college Christian Christian small small "The "The Smith. Smith. L. L. leadership."-Henry leadership."-Henry consecrated consecrated and and power, power, trained trained faith, faith, intelligent intelligent of of stream stream life-giving life-giving a a in in church church the the to to it it returns returns and and fold fold hundred hundred a a value value its its multiplies multiplies furnish, furnish, can can Church Church the the material material raw raw finest finest the the takes takes which which actory actory manuf manuf the the is is college college Christian Christian "The "The Eddy. Eddy. universities."-Sherwood universities."-Sherwood state state the the at at centers centers religious religious strong strong of of and and colleges colleges denominational denominational the the of of need need the the with with impressed impressed ever ever than than more more am am colleges, I I colleges, American American the the of of tour tour a a completed completed have have and and war, war, the the since since Europe Europe through through tours tours two two and and Asia Asia across across trip trip one one from from returned returned have have I I "As "As growth." growth." spiritual spiritual of of centers centers are are leges leges Col materialism. materialism. of of period period a a by by followed followed is is war war great great "Every "Every state."-Tyler. state."-Tyler. the the of of and and church church the the of of both both eyes eyes the the out out put put you you and and colleges colleges the the "Extinguish "Extinguish Harvard. Harvard. of of Lowell Lowell college."-President college."-President the the in in developed developed been been have have which which fibre fibre intellectual intellectual and and moral moral of of firmness firmness the the in in consists consists It It neglected. neglected. been been have have that that opportunities opportunities of of abundance abundance the the in in not not consists consists education education college college a a of of benefit benefit the the that that clear clear is is "It "It Harvard. Harvard. of of Eliot Eliot President President possible"-Former possible"-Former publics publics re makes makes which which duty duty civic civic of of sense sense fine fine that that and and piety piety and and poetry poetry learning, learning, of of return return rich rich community community the the make make will will college college The The Webster. Webster. it."-Daniel it."-Daniel love love who who those those are are there there but but college, college, small small a a is is Dartmouth Dartmouth know know "I "I "The DEFINITION AND FUNCTION OF THE COLLEGE CULTURAL "The truest index of an institution is its attitude, its intellectual and moral attitude. The largeness or smallness of an institution may be more or less an expression of circumstances; its richness or its poverty may be more or less the accident of personal friendship." -T. C. Chamberlin, President of American Academy of Science. "To be at home in all lands and all ages; to count nature a . familiar acquaintance and art an intimate friend; to carry the key to the world's library in your pocket, and feel its resources behind you in whatever task you undertake; to make friends among men of your own age who are to be leaders in all walks of life; to lose oneself in generous enthusiasm and co-operate with others for common ends; to learn manners from students who are gentlemen and form character under professors who are Christians- these are the returns . of a college for the best four years of one's life." -President Hyde of Bowdoin College. "In an active and interesting university the student lives in a bracing atmosphere; books engage him; good companionships invite -10- him; good occupations defend him; helpful friends surround him; pure ideals are held up before him; ambitions spur him; honor beckons him"-former president Eliot. Alice Freeman Palmer, when she was president of Wellesley, once said that college life ought to be the best sort of good time-not the good time of self-indulgence or moving along lines of least resistance, but the good time of generous friendships and high ideals. EDUCATIONAL "A college is an institution requiring for admission graduation from a standard secondary school, or the equivalent, and offering a four year curriculum leading to the first degree in arts or science, of such character as to qualify for admission to a graduate school of recognized standing."-Report of the National Conference Commission on Standards of Colleges, March 1, 1918. "The standard American college is a college with a four year curriculum, with a tendency to differentiate its parts in such a way that the first two years are a continuation of, and a supplement to the wo~k of the secondary instruction as given in the high school, while the last two years are shaped more or less distinctly in the direction of special, professional, or university instruction. "-This , - 11 - "World leadership has lost hope in its own ancient methods and processes, and has come now to believe that it is the spirit and motives, which it is the mission of the church to furnish to the whole of life, that is the one thing needful in this time of strain and un certainty when foundations are shifting and the moral structure of ociety is tottering. * * * "But where shall we begin? What shall be the first point of attack? To do the task thoroughly and in the end successfully will require the seemingly slow processes of foundation-building, of careful and long preparation, of taking life at its source. The church, therefore, if it is wise to its opportunity, will recognize that its task now is chiefly an educational one. There is no other way of getting it done but by putting into all training the religious motive, the spirit and principles of Jesus Christ. If it lets the world continue training men and women primarily for materialistic, practical and selfish ends as it has been doing, it will be false to its duty to the world, itself, and will ultimately find its own leadership futile and limited." * * * "To answer the call of the world and adequately and efficiently to perform its tasks by striving to charge all education with the guidance of the religious motive, by training youth in an atmosphere' thoroughly congenial to a sound religious faith and vital with the religious spirit, by discovering and developing the leadership that is to carry forward all its activities- the church has at last come to see that it must depend chiefly upon its own schools, colleges, and universities."-. From the Paramount eed of Christian Education, an address to the church by the•------Educational Association. "I express the deep conviction that the church will make a mistake if it loosens its hold on its colleges, and the further conviction that there ought to be no .change of control dictated by the simple desire to get money. A control which conserves the things for which these institutions were founded and assures their loyalty to moral and religious ideals, seems. to me of the first importance."- President W. 0. Thompson of Ohio State University. College records of one denomination in 1921: "There are only 10 teachers out of a total of 1,294 who are not Christians-and these are instructors in purely technical branches like art, medicine, or com mercial subjects. This is a better record than the Sunday school cah boast. 907 of them are actively engaged in some form of Christian work outside the classroom. In the student bodies, -l~--- - 13 - Beveridge. Beveridge. Senator Senator - book." law law a a open open you you before before education education college college th~rough th~rough a a get get possible, possible, "If "If Jordan. Jordan. Starr Starr David David - " time. time. your your lake lake to to afford afford can can you you success success professional professional t t highe highe the the For For medicine. medicine. practice practice lo lo merely merely than than physician physician a a be be to to horizon horizon mental mental broader broader a a takes takes "It "It College. College. Medical Medical Rush Rush Dobson, Dobson, Dean Dean - this." afford afford not not does does course course school school high high The The education. education. preliminary preliminary adequate adequate without without today today medicine medicine of of study study the the begins begins he he if if failure failure and and disappointment disappointment meet meet to to certain certain almost almost is is man man young young "Every "Every Crane. Crane. Frank Frank "-Dr. "-Dr. . culture general general of of basis basis a a upon upon rests rests it it telling telling more more if if is is expertness expertness your your calling, calling, peculiar peculiar your your Whatever Whatever efficiency. efficiency. of of sort sort any any for for equipment equipment best best very very the the is is profession, profession, or or trade trade one's one's for for preparation preparation mere mere a a than than bearing bearing larger larger a a has has it it while while education, education, that that is is here here point point the the And And informed. informed. well well is is he he better better it it do do if if can can he he work, work, man's man's a a what what matter matter " o o " AL AL PROFESSIO PROFESSIO ersity. ersity. v Uni State State Ohio Ohio of of Thompson Thompson President President - college? Christian Christian the the ' ' not not if if lack lack this this supply supply to to is is Who Who country. country. non-Christian non-Christian a a in in cated cated edu been been had had he he if if as as society, society, to to value value and and nature nature their their religion, religion, of of principles principles fundamental fundamental the the and and represents represents it it which which truth truth spiritual spiritual and and moral moral the the , , Bible the the of of ignorant ignorant as as be be and and them, them, of of best best the the of of e e on any any almost almost in in master master or or bachelor bachelor a a become become might might boy boy a a day day our our in in that that say say I I whe:i;i whe:i;i institutions institutions state state to to untrue untrue way way no no in in am am "I "I Faunce. Faunce. co-operate."-President co-operate."-President to to school school and and church church the the for for It It therefore, therefore, time, time, is is training. training. religious religious genuinely genuinely any any without without - today America America in in up up growing growing actually actually up-are up-are grow grow will will s s million Thus Thus silent.' silent.' are are we we matters matters religious religious all all 'On 'On say, say, may may state state the the hands,' hands,' our our in in longer longer no no is is 'Education 'Education say, say, may may church church "The "The Northrop. Northrop. Cyrus Cyrus - " " education. as as well well as as religion religion cultivating cultivating of of purpose purpose the the for for broadly, broadly, liberally, liberally, wisely, wisely, conducted conducted college, college, denominational denominational the the in in is is it it as as life life religious religious and and spirit spirit religious religious the the cultivate cultivate carefully carefully so so to to whatever whatever conditions conditions any any under under university university state state a a for for possible possible not not is is "It "It faculty." faculty." its its is is college college the the of of part part important important most most the the library; library; its its is is university university a a of of part part important important most most "The "The 95%." 95%." above above run run which which two two twenty and and Christian Christian a a is is student student each each which which in in five five are are there there tions, tions, institu regular regular more more the the Among Among immigrants. immigrants. for for schools schools mission mission and and technical technical of of records records the the includes includes this this Christians-and Christians-and are are 82% 82% A conference of the American Bar Association was held al \Vash ington in 1922 to discuss standards of legal education. Elihu Root dwelt upon the relation of the law to American ideals and held that lawyers should have the broadening benefits of college education. Chief Justice Taft and William G. McAdoo spoke for higher stand ards. The specific proposals that lawyers should be required to have at least two years of college study and three subsequent years in a professional school was overwhelmingly approved by the conference. "I would bet my money on a graduate of a college of liberal arts who had decided to go into engineering and had never studied engineering a single hour rather than on a graduate engineer without this liberal outlook. I would rather take a man who goes out from college without any training in the specific things that lead to medicine than the man who has spent two or four years of that time in a medical school and failed to get this fundamental training." -Edmond J. James. ORIGIN A D PURPOSE OF THE COLLEGE "Up to 1650 Harvard was as nearly like a state university as the colony was like a modern state, but the college was strongly eccle- , siastical in its bent and purpose. * * * The Bishop of London was the first Chancellor of William and Mary and Rev. James Blair was the first president. The ecclesiastical purpose of this insti tution is strongly accented in its charter."-Elmer E. Brown. The origin. of Yale was legally recognized as the contribution of a library by ministers and in 1701 the school was officially chartered with a body of trustees, "ministers of the gospel inhabiting in the colony and above the age of forty years." Princeton was practically the result of a religious revival by the Tennants and of the 23 members of its first Board, 12 were ministers. The first president of King's College (Columbia) was a minister and six other ministers were ex-officio members of the Board. Brown University was wholly a church school and Rutgers and Dartmouth largely under church control. In the words of Commissioner of Education Brown: "Nearly all, perhaps all, of the nine Colonial colleges were established primarily for a religious purpose." The only college founded before the eighteenth century that was not, the creation of the church or of individual ministers was the University of Pennsylvania, but even in this the_Bible was named as a textbook, the founder, Benjamin Franklin, saying: "When - 14- - 15 - a a rncmber rncmber of of the the faculty faculty of of " William William and and Mary Mary college. college. ''He ''He fixed fixed my my destiny destiny in in life,'' life,'' saidThomasJefferson saidThomasJefferson of,VilliarnSmall, of,VilliarnSmall, virtually virtually created created fifty fifty colleges colleges in in the the West. West. education education and and in in 1862 1862 he he signed signed the the "Land-grant "Land-grant Bill," Bill," which which college. college. No No man man knew knew better better than than Abraham Abraham Lincoln Lincoln the the value value of of school school and and at at its its close close Robert Robert E. E. Lee Lee accepted accepted the the presidency presidency of of a a College. College. Before Before the the Civil Civil war, war, Stonewall Stonewall Jackson Jackson was was the the head head of of a a as as it it has has seldom seldom been been stirred stirred in in his his famous famous plea plea for for Dartmouth Dartmouth Daniel Daniel · Webster Webster stirred stirred the the Supreme Supreme Court Court of of the the United United States States fonroe, fonroe, James James Otis, Otis, John John Hancock, Hancock, Samuel Samuel and and John John Adams. Adams. Among Among other other early early graduates graduates of of distinction distinction were were HamiltQn, HamiltQn, Marshall, Marshall, g raduate raduate of of a a Christian Christian college college and and the the founder founder of of a a university university College College was was Patrick Patrick Henry, Henry, and and Thomas Thomas Jefferson Jefferson was was both both the the of of William William and and Mary. Mary. The The leading leading trustee trustee of of Hampden-Sidney Hampden-Sidney of of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. George George Washington Washington was was Chancellor Chancellor of of the the College College were were college college graduates. graduates. Benjamin Benjamin Franklin Franklin founded founded the the University University 1\Iore 1\Iore than than half half the the signers signers of of the the Declaration Declaration of of Independence Independence , , the the fruits fruits of of their their college college training." training." does does today today if if hundreds hundreds of of leaders leaders had had not not devoted devoted to to the the country country not not to to have have them. them. American American democracy democracy would would not not rest rest secure secure as as it it "It "It costs costs something something to to have have colleges, colleges, but but it it costs costs infinitely infinitely more more STATESME STATESME THE THE PRODUCT PRODUCT OF OF THE THE COLLEGE COLLEGE in in the the matter matter of of education. education. " - President President W. W. 0. 0. Thompson. Thompson. and and on on the the theory theory that that the the Christian Christian church church owed owed a a duty duty to to society society "All "All the the ew ew England England colleges colleges were were born born of of the the Christian Christian impulse impulse 104 104 were were Christian Christian colleges." colleges." "Of "Of the the 119 119 colleges colleges first first founded founded east east of of the the Mississippi Mississippi river , , schools schools and and the the means means of of education education shall shall be be forever forever encouraged." encouraged." necessary necessary to to good good government government and and the the happiness happiness of of mankind, mankind, The The preamble preamble read: read: "Religion, "Religion, morality morality and and knowledge knowledge being being to to schools, schools, and and Section Section 29 29 should should be be used used for for the the purpose purpose of of religion. religion. Territory Territory stated stated that that Section Section 16 16 in in every every township township should should be be given given The The Act Act of of 1787 1787 proYiding proYiding for for the the government government of of the the Northwest Northwest Lhrough Lhrough life life and and guide guide them them to to happine ss ss forever. " " Scriptures Scriptures in in order order to to complete complete their their wisdom, wisdom, regulate regulate their their c onduct onduct young young worthy worthy of of honor, honor, yet yet still still we we must must recommend recommend them them to to the the human human science science has has done done iLs iLs utmost utmost and and when when we we have have thought thought the the "Les than one percent of American men arc college graduates. Yet out of thi one percent have com<': 55 % of our Presidents, 36% of the Members of Congress, 47% of Speakers of the House, · 56% of the Vice-Presidents, 62% of the Secretarie of State, 50% of the Secretaries of the Treasury, 69 % of the Justices of the Supreme Court." Contribution to the nation of a ingle we tern college founded 1854: 2 United States Senators, 101 Public School Teachers, 2 Governors, 75 Preachers, 3 United States Officials, 9 Missionaries, 4 Congressmen, 9 Bankers, 12 College Presidents, 17 Physicians, 32 College Professors, 25 Lawyers, 7 Authors, 46 Business Men, 8 Editors, 13 Farmers,_ 13 Superintendents of School , 4 Y. M. C. A. Secretaries. -16- -17- % % 40.1 40.1 and and professions, professions, other other 41.4% 41.4% work, work, religious religious entered entered 18.5% 18.5% report report this this in in covered covered graduates graduates 99,066 99,066 of of Out Out period. period. preceding preceding the the for for than than less less third third a a is is 1880 1880 since since proportion proportion the the altho altho work work life life religious religious distinctly distinctly a a on on entered entered graduates graduates college college (18.5%) (18.5%) five five in in one one almost almost that that shows shows colleges, colleges, church church mainly mainly institutions, institutions, 66 66 from from returns returns survey survey lnterchurch lnterchurch the the on on based based 1920 1920 in in study study A A aggerated. aggerated. ex- somewhat somewhat was was decline decline the the that that so so colleges colleges church church than than rather rather independent independent were were these these of of number number large large a a but but institutions institutions 37 37 on on based based was was study study This This 1900. 1900. in in 5.9% 5.9% to to 1840 1840 in in 32% 32% from from declined declined steadily steadily had had graduates graduates college college among among ministers ministers of of ratio ratio the the that that showed showed 1912 1912 in in Education Education of of Bureau Bureau U.S. U.S. the the by by Graduates" Graduates" versity versity Uni and and College College of of Distribution Distribution "Professional "Professional the the of of study study A A graduates. graduates. college college were were 159 159 these, these, Of Of fields. fields. various various the the to to out out sent sent were were men men 201 201 Missions, Missions, Foreign Foreign for for Commissioners Commissioners of of Board Board American American the the of of history history the the of of years years 28 28 first first the the During During country. country. this this from from missions missions foreign foreign of of movement movement tremendous tremendous whole whole the the started started boys boys college college consecrated consecrated of of group group little little a a college, college, Williams Williams of of campus campus the the on on prayermeeting'' prayermeeting'' "hay-stack "hay-stack the the In In Colleges." Colleges." for for "Prayer "Prayer in in Tyler Tyler S. S. W. W. -Dr. -Dr. gospel." gospel." the the of of preachers preachers were were thousand thousand nine nine or or eight eight a a many many as as 1846, 1846, to to previous previous colleges colleges American American from from graduates graduates 25,000 25,000 the the Of Of ministry. ministry. the the to to themselves themselves given given have have alumni alumni 94 94 first first the the of of out out college,-45 college,-45 Illinois Illinois At At work. work. good good same same the the chosen chosen have have 45 45 college, college, Wabash Wabash of of graduates graduates first first the the Of Of 65 65 ministers. ministers. become become have have college, college, 65 65 Marietta Marietta of of graduates graduates 113 113 first first the the Of Of office. office. sacred sacred the the to to themselves themselves devoted devoted have have one-half one-half nearly nearly college, college, Amherst Amherst of of 960 960 the the and and college college Middlebury Middlebury of of graduates graduates 800 800 the the "Of "Of 32.3%. 32.3%. at at stood stood it it 1836 1836 in in until until increased increased it it generation generation following following the the During During 1800. 1800. in in point point low low its its reached reached graduates graduates college college among among ministry ministry the the of of proportion proportion The The time. time. the the for for unusual unusual not not were were ratios ratios These These 51.8%. 51.8%. Princeton Princeton from from 73.2%; 73.2%; Yale Yale from from classes classes 10 10 first first the the of of ministers; ministers; were were 70% 70% Dartmouth, Dartmouth, of of classes classes 50 50 first first the the of of members members the the Of Of ministry. ministry. the the entered entered Harvard Harvard of of classes classes ~O ~O first first the the of of graduates graduates the the all all of of One-half One-half ministry. ministry. the the for for men men preparing preparing of of task task the the to to devoted devoted largely largely very very were were colleges colleges early early The The I I Beecher. Beecher. Lyman Lyman and and Bellamy Bellamy Joseph Joseph Dwight, Dwight, Timothy Timothy Emmons, Emmons, athaniel athaniel Mather, Mather, Cotton Cotton and and Increase Increase church church the the to to contributed contributed colleges colleges Colonial Colonial The The LEADERS LEADERS RELIGIOUS RELIGIOUS business. Twenty percent became teachers. Of Lhose in religious work, 85% are ordained ministers. The total in religious work is 18,205 or about one-tenth of the active ministry of the ehurch sup plied by these 66 institutions. Some of these colleges have excep tional records, one reporting 50.7% of its graduates since 1880 in religious work, and eleven running well over 30% for the same period. Out of 22,927 men graduating from 42 Presbyterian colleges up to 1914, 6,044 or 26.4% are ministers and 714 or 3.1 % are mission anes. The Lutheran General Synod reported that 341 out of l,O~U graduates of their five colleges from 1906 to 1916 entered the ministry. Out of 346 Episcopal clergy ordained in 1916-1919, 77% were col lege men. Since 1910, the five colleges of the United Presbyterian church have turned into the channels of definite religious work 360 students, or more than one third of the ministry in that denomination. Of 464 candidates admitted into the annual conferences of the South ern Methodist church in 1919 and 19~0, 105 were college graduates and 159 others attended college. A study of comprehensive mis sionary reports for a decade from 1906 to 1916 shows that 2,261 missionaries have come from church institutions and 312 from state schools. A similar report by Bishop Hendrix indicates that of 2,084 on the mission field, 1,609 came from the church colleges. The esti- 1 mates of the Student Volunteer movement for a quadrennium set the proportion of missionaries from colleges of the church at 82%. Out of 288 sent to the foreign field by the Methodist Episcopal church, South, 236 were educated in their own colleges, 10 in other church schools, and only 12 went out without college training from some source. In 1917 the Methodist Episcopal church sent out 108 foreign missionaries of whom 76 were college graduates. In 1890 only 22% of the students in theological seminaries had their college degrees. In the period 1915-1917 the ratio of col- · lege graduates was 66.5 and 83.4% were college trained. The entire church in the United States requires about 5,000 new recruits each year to replace_its ministry and mission forces and of this number four-fifths come from the colleges. President Bates of Hiram College is authority for the statement that the Churches of Christ have given 1 % of their sons and daugh ters to their colleges and the colleges have given back 80% to 90% • of the ministers and missionaries of the church. ' "If you want to sustain mis~ions, then sustain the Christian col leges of the newer states for they furnish the missionaries. From -18- - 19 - war. war. thf' thf' in in killed killed were were '2,100 '2,100 ,/ ,/ armies, armies, English English the the in in men men . . Oxford 11,500 11,500 the the Of Of life."-Maca11ley. life."-Maca11ley. of of petition petition com the the in in first first been been have have schools schools the the of of competition competition the the in in first first were were who who men men the the that that case case the the been been always always has has it it and and bar, bar, the the or or parliament, parliament, the the church, church, the the at at look look years; years; hundred hundred two two for for calendar calendar Oxford Oxford the the take take or or calendar. calendar. Cambridge Cambridge the the "Take "Take GENERAL GENERAL Survey. Survey. -Home -Home training." training." coUege coUege some some had had 20% 20% and and graduates graduates college college are are 13% 13% showed showed city, city, small small typical typical a a of of survey survey a a (from (from scouts scouts gir] gir] and and girls, girls, fire fire camp camp scouts, scouts, boy boy of of leaders leaders adult adult concerning concerning "Information "Information Survey. Survey. college."-Home college."-Home from from graduated graduated six six that that and and training training college college some some had had eight eight that that showed showed city city small small typical typical a a in in teachers teachers school school church church 100 100 of of training training educational educational "The "The graduates. graduates. college college are are them them of of most most that that and and of of 914, 914, total total a a making making 1919, 1919, since since appointed appointed been been have have aries aries mission new new 218 218 that that reports reports Movement Movement World World New New Baptist Baptist The The , , . . % 25 States States United United the the in in church church Presbyterian Presbyterian the the for for and and 32% 32% was was ministry ministry Presbyterian Presbyterian United United the the for for in in 1922 1922 figure figure responding responding cor The The college. college. in in while while decisions decisions work work life life their their made made ministers ministers trained trained college college its its of of 22% 22% that that in in 1916 1916 found found church church Episcopal Episcopal ist ist Method The The · · service. service. religious religious professional professional to to pledged pledged were were . Ohio in in school school one one in in students students 82 82 of of 295, 295, year year last last enrollment enrollment college college a a of of Out Out state. state. the the in in denomination denomination its its of of ministers ministers educated educated 288 288 the the of of 90% 90% trained trained has has which which Kentucky Kentucky in in seminary seminary and and college college a a is is There There . . e Clari T. T. Elmer Elmer . . -Dr prea~hers." prea~hers." 240 240 trained trained college college Randolph-Macon Randolph-Macon period period same same the the In In town. town. university university the the in in stationed stationed were were who who preachers preachers of of ons ons the the were were these these of of two two preachers-and preachers-and Methodist Methodist three three only only duced duced pro school school great great this this years years thirty-two thirty-two past past the the in in Yet Yet traditions. traditions. cultural cultural finest finest very very the the possesses possesses it it and and South. South. the the in in institutions institutions state state best best and and oldest oldest the the of of one one is is Virginia Virginia of of University University "The "The m1ss10naries. m1ss10naries. as as ...... '' '' abroad abroad gone gone have have alumni alumni the the of of in in 1917:-"179 1917:-"179 reported reported Wooster Wooster \ \ ministry. ministry. its its of of two-thirds two-thirds than than more more training training for for colleges colleges ten ten to to indebted indebted is is States States United United the the in in church church Presbyterian Presbyterian The The Capen. Capen. B. B. Gospel?"-Samuel Gospel?"-Samuel the the carry carry gently gently intelli most most will will who who obtained obtained be be to to men men the the are are source source other other what what "Oxford trained at least four generations of the Wesley family. Bartholmew Wesley studied medicine and theology at the famous English seat of learning. His son, John, followed to the same Alma Mater. Samuel Wesley, son of John, entered Exeter College, Ox ford, in 1683, and later his three sons---S~muel, Charles and John all entered Christ Church College at the same university." -Elmer T. Clark. "Educational institutions are rich not in buildings and endow ments but in the men they have sent into the world to do life's work." -L. E. Holden. "In our day the self-made leader is so rare as to be negligible." "Who would undertake to place a money value on the service to the world of Robert E. Speer or John R. Mott? It is important to remember that the church college is the place where about 90% of the world's Christian leaders are produced or developed. If by in vesting in colleges that are frankly and positively Christian, the church can produce competent leaders in adequate numbers, it is doubtful whether human ingenuity has ever devised a more successful method of influencing and controlling the thought and life of the' world."-J. Campbell Whit£>. "To take out of American life the elements put into it by higher education under religious auspices would change the whole fibre of our social order. The moral foundations which underlie all business would be weakened. It would let down the bars to materialism, if indeed the doors were not thrown open to bolshevism." "A good education makes you incapable of being content with the second or third best."-William James. "Every employer is looking for the man who will think. One can hire any number of people marvelouia:ly trained in routine or in detail-human machines that will run on splendidly as long as noth ing unusual turns up in the work. It has been impressed on me through many years of contact with college graduates in business and in banking that the well trained college man grasps intricate situa tions and reduces them to essentials much more quickly than the . equally well trained man who has not had the advantage of the broader fundamental education." - Charles Sabin, president of a large trust company. - -tl graduates. graduates. college college are are these these of of cent. cent. per per Fifty-nine Fifty-nine given. given. are are people people 20,000 20,000 than than more more of of biographies biographies the the ,vho, ,vho, Who's Who's of of edition edition latest latest the the In In 27 • • Training Training 10 10 College College No No 0/0 0/0 ¾ ¾ 14 14 ~ ~ Trained Trained College College Others Others 59 • • 10 10 Graduates Graduates College College 0/0 0/0 1917 1917 Who Who Who's Who's In In Education. Education. of of Bureau Bureau States States United United - distinction." reached reached 1,000,000 1,000,000 of of out out 5,768 5,768 education, education, college college With With distinction. distinction. reached reached 2,000,000 2,000,000 of of out out 1,245 1,245 education, education, school school high high With With distinction. distinction. reached reached 33,000,000 33,000,000 of of out out 808 808 schooling, schooling, elementary elementary With With tinction. tinction. dis reached reached 5,000,000 5,000,000 of of out out Americans Americans 31 31 schooling schooling no no "With "With University University Reserve Reserve Western Western of of Thwing Thwing -President -President " " . distinction attain attain will will them them of of one one and and graduates graduates college college 40 40 group group another another into into Gather Gather distinction. distinction. attain attain will will one one Only Only college. college. to to them them of of none none send send and and children children 10,000 10,000 group group one one into into "Gather "Gather THE CLAIMS OF THE COLLEGE COST In 1917 the Association of American Colleges defined the "mini mum" and "efficient" colleges as follows: . ~Minimum E,ffi,cient Students .. 100 500 Faculty .. . 10 50 Budget .. . Total ...... $ 32,000.00 $ 166,750.00 Per student...... 320.00 333.00 Assets . .. . Plant and equipment 350,000.00 985,000.00 Endowment ...... 403,200.00 2,215,000.00 Total ...... $753,200.00 $3,200.000.00 Per student ...... 7,532.00 6,400.00 WHO PAYS FOR COLLEGE EDUCATION? FIGURES FROM 50 AVERAGE COLLEGES 1918-1919 The business man forgets that the average Christian college sells its product-instruction-for about 39% of what it costs and unless this were true, that hundreds of deserving boys and girls would grow . up without a Christian education. Ask any business man to sell the ol).tput of his store or factory for 39 cents on the dollar and see how long it would take to convince him that someone must make up the deficit. -22- ingly ingly large large educational educational achievements achievements with with such such small small indifferent indifferent or or unintelligent, unintelligent, has has failed failed to to realize, realize, the the amaz sacrifice sacrifice in in a a cause, cause, the the significance significance of of which which the the church, church, great great men men and and women women have have worn worn themselves themselves out out in in make make bricks bricks without without straw, straw, the the noble noble spirit spirit in in which which and and heroic heroic struggles struggles with with poverty, poverty, their their pathetic pathetic efforts efforts to to great great work work they they are are providentially providentially called called to to do. do. Their Their brave brave be be equipped equipped and and endowed endowed with with every every modern modern facility facility for for doing doing the the compulsion compulsion of of rendering rendering through through them, them, they they must, must, each each of of them, them, to to render render the the foundation-building foundation-building service service which which it it is is under under the the "The "The church church has has come come to to see see that that if if it it depends depends upon upon the the colleges colleges EEDS EEDS grown. grown. "-L. "-L. Holden. Holden. E E high high school. school. These These institutions institutions have have grown grown as as the the country country has has college college curriculum curriculum was was not not equal equal to to that that of of a a present-day present-day first-class first-class today. today. When When Yale, Yale, Harvard Harvard and and Princeton Princeton were were established, established, the the it it is is a a grave grave question question whether whether the the church church would would have have any any colleges colleges , , church church was was able able to to equip equip and and endow endow its its educational educational work work adequately, adequately, and and women women with with very very limited limited means. means. Had Had they they waited waited until until the the instances, instances, Christian Christian colleges colleges have have been been founded founded by by far-seeing far-seeing men men From From Why Why Colleges Colleges Need Need Endowment:-"First-Except Endowment:-"First-Except in in rare rare tion tion of of cost cost to to good good teaching."-Dr. teaching."-Dr. Henry Henry S. S. Pritchett. Pritchett. the the economic economic side side of of college college support, support, and and particularly· particularly· with with the the rela adopting adopting colle