Survey of Current Business December 1923
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Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics After World War I
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO WORKING PAPER SERIES Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I Jose A. Lopez Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Kris James Mitchener Santa Clara University CAGE, CEPR, CES-ifo & NBER June 2018 Working Paper 2018-06 https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/working-papers/2018/06/ Suggested citation: Lopez, Jose A., Kris James Mitchener. 2018. “Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I,” Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Working Paper 2018-06. https://doi.org/10.24148/wp2018-06 The views in this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I Jose A. Lopez Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Kris James Mitchener Santa Clara University CAGE, CEPR, CES-ifo & NBER* May 9, 2018 ABSTRACT. Fiscal deficits, elevated debt-to-GDP ratios, and high inflation rates suggest hyperinflation could have potentially emerged in many European countries after World War I. We demonstrate that economic policy uncertainty was instrumental in pushing a subset of European countries into hyperinflation shortly after the end of the war. Germany, Austria, Poland, and Hungary (GAPH) suffered from frequent uncertainty shocks – and correspondingly high levels of uncertainty – caused by protracted political negotiations over reparations payments, the apportionment of the Austro-Hungarian debt, and border disputes. In contrast, other European countries exhibited lower levels of measured uncertainty between 1919 and 1925, allowing them more capacity with which to implement credible commitments to their fiscal and monetary policies. -
Chapter One: Introduction
CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF IL DUCE TRACING POLITICAL TRENDS IN THE ITALIAN-AMERICAN MEDIA DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF FASCISM by Ryan J. Antonucci Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the History Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2013 Changing Perceptions of il Duce Tracing Political Trends in the Italian-American Media during the Early Years of Fascism Ryan J. Antonucci I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: Ryan J. Antonucci, Student Date Approvals: Dr. David Simonelli, Thesis Advisor Date Dr. Brian Bonhomme, Committee Member Date Dr. Martha Pallante, Committee Member Date Dr. Carla Simonini, Committee Member Date Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Associate Dean of Graduate Studies Date Ryan J. Antonucci © 2013 iii ABSTRACT Scholars of Italian-American history have traditionally asserted that the ethnic community’s media during the 1920s and 1930s was pro-Fascist leaning. This thesis challenges that narrative by proving that moderate, and often ambivalent, opinions existed at one time, and the shift to a philo-Fascist position was an active process. Using a survey of six Italian-language sources from diverse cities during the inauguration of Benito Mussolini’s regime, research shows that interpretations varied significantly. One of the newspapers, Il Cittadino Italo-Americano (Youngstown, Ohio) is then used as a case study to better understand why events in Italy were interpreted in certain ways. -
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945. T939. 311 rolls. (~A complete list of rolls has been added.) Roll Volumes Dates 1 1-3 January-June, 1910 2 4-5 July-October, 1910 3 6-7 November, 1910-February, 1911 4 8-9 March-June, 1911 5 10-11 July-October, 1911 6 12-13 November, 1911-February, 1912 7 14-15 March-June, 1912 8 16-17 July-October, 1912 9 18-19 November, 1912-February, 1913 10 20-21 March-June, 1913 11 22-23 July-October, 1913 12 24-25 November, 1913-February, 1914 13 26 March-April, 1914 14 27 May-June, 1914 15 28-29 July-October, 1914 16 30-31 November, 1914-February, 1915 17 32 March-April, 1915 18 33 May-June, 1915 19 34-35 July-October, 1915 20 36-37 November, 1915-February, 1916 21 38-39 March-June, 1916 22 40-41 July-October, 1916 23 42-43 November, 1916-February, 1917 24 44 March-April, 1917 25 45 May-June, 1917 26 46 July-August, 1917 27 47 September-October, 1917 28 48 November-December, 1917 29 49-50 Jan. 1-Mar. 15, 1918 30 51-53 Mar. 16-Apr. 30, 1918 31 56-59 June 1-Aug. 15, 1918 32 60-64 Aug. 16-0ct. 31, 1918 33 65-69 Nov. 1', 1918-Jan. 15, 1919 34 70-73 Jan. 16-Mar. 31, 1919 35 74-77 April-May, 1919 36 78-79 June-July, 1919 37 80-81 August-September, 1919 38 82-83 October-November, 1919 39 84-85 December, 1919-January, 1920 40 86-87 February-March, 1920 41 88-89 April-May, 1920 42 90 June, 1920 43 91 July, 1920 44 92 August, 1920 45 93 September, 1920 46 94 October, 1920 47 95-96 November, 1920 48 97-98 December, 1920 49 99-100 Jan. -
JOHNSTOWN V. the NEGRO: SOUTHERN MIGRANTS and the EXODUS of 1923
JOHNSTOWN v. THE NEGRO: SOUTHERN MIGRANTS AND THE EXODUS OF 1923 BY RICHARD B. SHERMAN* ONE of the most significant demographic changes in American history was the vast migration of Southern Negroes to the North during and shortly after the First World War. Within a period of a few years hundreds of thousands of Negroes found opportunities in the North that heretofore had been denied to them. However, the migration also made clearer than ever before the national character of American racial problems. Particularly in the early stages, it meant that an economically and culturally oppressed minority was placed in sharp and unaccustomed contact with people in Northern communities who were unprepared for the change. This process provided a dramatic test of the devotion of Americans to their ideals of freedom and equality. In some areas there were heartening instances of successful adjustment. But there were also dismaying failures. An example of the latter was provided during the early 1920's by Johnstown, Pennsylvania, where community apathy and demagogic leadership resulted in misfortune for many of the newcomers. From 1915 through the 1920's the Negro's northward migration came in two main phases, and Johnstown was affected by both. The first phase reached a peak between 1916 and 1917, and then sharply declined for a few years. A second phase was under way by 1922 and culminated the next year. Prompted by economic and social oppression in the South, and lured by the opportunities presented by labor shortages in the North, vast numbers of Negroes moved off the land, to the cities, and into the North.] *Dr. -
Free City of Danzig
f m'"»1-*!, Of [Distributed to the Council C. 580. M . 197. 1924. I. 0d the Members of the League.] (Extract from Official Journal, November 1924.) LEAGUE OF NATIONS Geneva, October 10th, 1924. FREE CITY OF DANZIG GENERAL REPORT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR THE PERIO D APRIL-OCTOBER 19241. In forwarding this report, which is intended to serve as a reference document, to the Council and Members of the League, the Secretary-General has the honour to draw attention o the general review of Danzig and Polish-Danzig questions for the year September 1923- iugust 1924, which is contained in the report and the supplementary report to the Fifth Assembly on the work of the Council2. I. Questions before the Council a t its 29th (June 1924) a n d 3 0 th (A u g u s t - S e p t e m b e r -O c t o b e r 1924) S e s s i o n s . In view of agreements or provisional agreements reached, as explained by the Rappor- itur at the opening of the Council session in June 1924, it was not necessary for the Council io deal during that session with one single Danzig question, although eight had originally en included on the agenda. The two questions mentioned below came before the Council at its following session 1. Quinones de Leôn, representative of Spain, acted as Rapporteur. His reports and the {solutions adopted by the Council on each question will be found in the Official Journal as nnexes to the Minutes. -
Federal Reserve Bulletin October 1922
FEDERAL RESERVE BULLETIN (FINAL EDITION) ISSUED BY THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD AT WASHINGTON OCTOBER, 1922 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1922 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD. Ex officio members: -, Governor. A. W. MELLON, EDMUND PLATT, Vice Governor. Secretary of the Treasury, Chairman. ADOLPH C. MILLER. D. R. CRISSINGER, CHARLES S. HAMLIN. Comptroller of the Currency. I JOHN R. MITCHELL. W. W. HOXTON, Secretary. j WALTER WYATT, General Counsel. W. L. EDDY, Assistant Secretary. j WALTER W. STEWART, I Director, Division of Analysis and Research. W. M. IMLAY, Fiscal Agent. M. JACOBSON, Statistician. J. F. HERSON, E. A. GOLDENWEISER, Associate Statistician. Chief, Division of Examination and Chief Federal E. L. SMEAD, Reserve Examiner. Chief, Division cf Bank Operations. FEDERAL ADVISORY COUNCIL. (For the year 1922.) DISTRICT NO. 1 (BOSTON) PHILIP STOCKTON. DISTRICT NO. 2 (NEW YORK) PAUL M. WARBURG, Vice President. DISTRICT NO. 3 (PHILADELPHIA) L. L. RUE, President. DISTRICT NO. 4 (CLEVELAND) CORLISS E. SULLIVAN. DISTRICT NO. 5 (RICHMOND) J. G. BROWN. DISTRICT NO. 6 (ATLANTA) EDWARD W. LANE. DISTRICT NO. 7 (CHICAGO) „ JOHN J. MITCHELL. DISTRICT NO. 8 (ST. LOUIS) FESTUS J. WADE. DISTRICT NO. 9 (MINNEAPOLIS) G. II. PRINCE. DISTRICT NO. 10 (KANSAS CITY) E. F. SWINNEY. DISTRICT NO. 11 (DALLAS) R. L. BALL. DISTRICT NO. 12 (SAN FRANCISCO) D. W. TWOHY. II Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis OFFICERS OF FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS. Federal Reserve Bank of— | Chairman. Governor. Deputy governor. Cashier. Boston Frederic H. Curtiss.. Chas. A. Mores C. -
Thirty-Second Annual List of Papers
1923.] LIST OF PUBLISHED PAPERS 485 THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL LIST OF PAPERS READ BEFORE THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY AND SUBSEQUENTLY PUBLISHED, INCLUDING REFERENCES TO THE PLACES OF PUBLICATION ALEXANDER, J. W. A proof and extension of the Jordan-Brouwer separa tion theorem. Read April 29, 1916. Transactions of this Society, vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 333-349; June, 1922. Invariant points of a surface transformation of given class. Read Dec. 28, 1922. Transactions of this Society, vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 173- 184; April, 1923. BARNETT, I. A. Differential equations with a continuous infinitude of variables. Read Dec. 28, 1918. American Journal of Mathematics, vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 172-190; July, 1922. Linear partial differential equations with a continuous infinitude of variables. Read Dec. 28, 1918, and April 24, 1920. American Journal of Mathematics, vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 42-53; Jan., 1923. BELL, E. T. On restricted systems of higher indeterminate equations. Read (San Francisco) June 18, 1920. Transactions of this Society, vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 483-488; Oct., 1921. Anharmonic polynomial generalizations of the numbers of Bernoulli and Euler. Read (San Francisco) April 9, 1921. Transactions of this Society, vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 89-112; Sept., 1922. Periodicities in the theory of partitions. Read (San Francisco) April 8, 1922. Annals of Mathematics, (2), vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 1-22; Sept., 1922. Relations between the numbers of Bernoulli, Euler, Genocchi, and Lucas. Read (San Francisco) April 8, 1922. Messenger of Mathe matics, vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 56-64, and No. 5, pp. 65-68; Aug. -
The Egyptian, October 16, 1923
Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC October 1923 Daily Egyptian 1923 10-16-1923 The gE yptian, October 16, 1923 Egyptian Staff Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/de_October1923 Volume 4, Issue 3 Recommended Citation Egyptian Staff, "The gE yptian, October 16, 1923" (1923). October 1923. Paper 3. http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/de_October1923/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Daily Egyptian 1923 at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in October 1923 by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Read by Four Thousand Students, Faculty and Friends of the 'School Volume IV Carbondale, Illinois, October 16. 1923 Number J f~ ..... : wIth 'hard work. He Md'the advantage ot the public s~hoor" 01 hi~' day and attended the "Oak Grove" school. He also at· tended ui'e Higbland schOOl whete he prepared fOr oollege. I~ 1864 he and bls brother" George, entered McKenliree Chllege aM' roomeli In' tlIe hlCime of Professor ,neneen, tbe father of Ex!.Governar Charles S. Deneen. Yonng Deneen and youug Parkinson were play:mate friends anil the youthful ties which were formed In those days we~e strengthened as the two youth1l grew' olde~ until tbey rlpeneli Into a fMendehip whidb bas lasteh even unto death. Dr. Parkinson graduatea from McKeddree College while Dr. Robert Allyn was 'president of the 'ooilege, Here I'.notllElr acquaintance grew into respect and love and warm affection. FOllowIng graduation Dr. PiI!rkiDsoD began teaching, beginning at Carmi He later became a member of tbe faculty of Jennings Seminary, Aurora, IIlfllols. -
Official Gazette Colony and Protectorate of Kenya
THE OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE COLONY AND PROTECTORATE OF KENYA. Published under the Authority of His Excellency the Governor of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya. [Vol. XXVL—No. 922] NATROBI, January 2, 1924. [Prices 50 Cenrs] Registered as a Newspaper ai the G. P. 0. Published every Wednesday. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE Govt. Notice No, 1—Appointments ves vee ves .. wes vee 2 » 0 ’ 2—A. Bill intituled an Ordinance to Amend the Legislative Conncil Ordinance, 1919 ce Le . Lee . BA4 ” ” ” 3—A Bill intituled an Ordinance to Amend the Native Liquor Ordinance, 1921 wee vee a Lee vee 4 Proclamation No, 1—The Kenya and Uganda (Currency) Order, 1921... vee bee 4 Proclamation No. : 2—The Diseases of Animals Ordinance, 1906 . 5 Govt. Notice No. 4——-Public Health Ordinance, 1921—Notiee ... a vee wes 5 »»» 5-6—The Native Authority Ordinance, 1912—Appointments of Oficial Headmen bee Lee Le ves vee vee 3 Gen. Notices Nos. 1-11—Miscellaneeus Notices ... ve Lee i _ we 5H 2 THE OFFICIAL GAZETTE January 2, 1924. Government Notice No. 1. APPOINTMENTS. W. McHarpy, 0.B.E., M.A., to be Superintendent (Admin- 5. 18816 /930. istrative), Uganda Railway, with effect from Ist January, Guorce Eenest Scarrercoop, to be Accountant, Medical 1924. Department, with effect from the 24th July, 1923. _ A. G. Hicerns, to be Secretary to the Railway Council and CG. M. Bunsury, to be Senior District Engineer, Uganda Private Secretary to the General Manager, Uganda Rail- Railway, with effect from Ist January, 1924. way, with effect from Ist January, 1924. -
Tuesday, 5 December 1922 Various Resolutions; Election of ECCI; Close of Congress
Session 32 – Tuesday, 5 December 1922 Various Resolutions; Election of ECCI; Close of Congress The Norwegian question. Resolution on the terror in Ire- land. Question of the Versailles Peace Treaty. Tactics of the Communist International. The Eastern question. Edu- cational work. France. Resolution on the Russian Revolu- tion. Election of the Executive Committee. Closing speech by Zinoviev. Speakers: Haakon Meyer, Connolly, Hoernle, Bor- diga, Clara Zetkin, Kolarov, Billings, Grün, Torp, Kolarov, Zinoviev Convened: 6:50 p.m. Chairperson: Neurath Haakon Meyer (Norway): The majority of the Nor- wegian delegation states that it is not happy with the proposed resolution. A number of its points do not reflect our views. In some cases, we believe that the Commission has handled specific matters in too abstract and schematic a fashion. This applies, for example, to the cases of Halvard Olsen and Karl Johanssen. As for the latter point, a proposal had been made by the entire delegation to formulate this differ- ently, but it was rejected by the Commission. In other cases, we believe that the resolution is insufficiently objective. That applies to the point concerning Mot Dag, which, in our opinion, is not a closed group, and also for Point 4 [of the resolution], which deserves criticism. 1094 • Session 32 – 5 December 1922 However, after thorough discussion of all the disputed questions in the Commission, we will not initiate further debate in the plenary, but, rather, state that the majority of the delegation will vote for the resolution. Chair: We will now take the vote on the resolution proposed by the Norwegian Commission. -
The Submarine and the Washington Conference Of
477 THE SUBMARINE AND THE WASHINGTON CONFERENCE OF 1921 Lawrence H. Douglas Following the First World War, the tation of this group, simply stated, was tide of public opinion was overwhelm that second best in naval strength meant ingly against the submarine as a weapon last. A policy of naval superiority was of war. The excesses of the German necessary, they felt, for "history consis U-boat had stunned the sensibilities of tently shows that war between no two the world but had, nonetheless, pre peoples or nations can be unthink sented new ideas and possibilities of this able.,,1 A second group, the Naval weapon to the various naval powers of Advisory Committee (Admirals Pratt the time. The momentum of these new and Coontz and Assistant Secretary of ideas proved so strong that by the the Navy Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.) also opening of the first major international submitted recommendations concerning disarmament conference of the 20th the limitation of naval armaments. century, practical uses of the submarine From the outset their deliberations were had all but smothered the moral indig guided by a concern that had become nation of 1918. more and more apparent-the threat Several months prior to the opening posed to the security and interests of of the conference, the General Board of this country by Japan. This concern was the American Navy was given the task evidenced in an attempt to gain basic of developing guidelines and recommen understandings with Britain. dations to be used by the State Depart The submarine received its share of ment in determining the American attention in the deliberations of these proposals to be presented. -
April, 1923. -A. J. H. Bibliography.
APRIL,1923. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 21 1 in fact we have never before experienced such severe electrical die- Monthly and annual precipitation (inche8)jor Porto Veh,Bzaeil. turbances m has been the case during the pat two month * * *. RAINFALL AT PORT0 VELHO. BRAZIL.’ The monthly and annual recipitation at Port0 Velho, 1921.. .. Brazil, RS recorded by the sadeira Mamore Railway Co. has been published; a we have now received the statistics I Communlrakd by Dr. F. L. HOR~~,prudential Life ~nsuranceCO. for 1921 and the first 6 months of 1933, &s in the table MO.WE*THER REV.,Awl 1m150:416. below. -A. J. H. BIBLIOGRAPHY. RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE WEATHER BUREAU LIBRARY. Sievers, F. J., & Holtz,. H. F. Influence of precipitation on soil com oeition and on mil organic C. FITZHUGHTALYAN. Meteoroloqist in Charge of Library. matter maintenance. Pullman, $&: 1923. 32 p. map 23 cm. (Washington. State coll. Agnc. exp. eta. Bulletid no.~~. 176.- .. Fehruarv.- ~.. The following have been selected from amonu the titles ____ .In 1923.) U. S. Department of a iculture. of books recently received as representing txose most Rain-making not gasible, says U. S. Weather bureau. washing- likely to be useful to Weather Bureau officials in their ton.] 1923. 36 cm. (U. S. Dept. agric. Office of sec. meteorological work and studies: Press service. R eleased for Dublicationa March 21. 1923.) 0. S. Department of the interior. Baldit, Albert. Wind cave, National park, South Dakota. Washington. Etudes 616mentaires de mCt6orologie pratique. 2nd ed. Paris. 1922. 24 p. illus. cm. (National park service.) 1922. xG, 428 D.