NNYOCHA AKANKA DI N‟ABX QNX ABIGBO

AYOZIE, Chioma R. Directorate of General Studies Federal University of Technology, E-mail: [email protected],

MGBOROGWU, Andrew Chukwuemeka Directorate of General Studies Federal University of Technology, Owerri E-mail: [email protected] Na IGBOKWE, Benedict Nkemdirim Directorate of General Studies Federal University of Technology, Owerri E-mail: [email protected]

Xm[edemede Abx bx okwu gbara qkpxrxkpx nd[ Igbo ji egosipxta qnqdx xwa, qd[d[ obodo, ihe kpatara ihe nd[ merela n‟xwa a na kwa ihe nd[ ga-emenx jiri were mee maqbx ga-eji were mee. Ihe qbxla mere onye Igbo, ma nke qma ma nke qjqq nwere xd[r[ okwu nd[ Igbo na-ekwu banyere ya n‟xd[ abx. Abx bara uru na ndx mmadx d[ka iji ya anqr[ oge, kporie mgbe, gwqq qr[a, kuzie ihe, kqwapxta nhxrxwa nd[ Igbo, sikwa na ya kqchaa agwa qjqq d[ iche ma na-eto ihe qma n‟xzq pxrx iche. Qtxtx nd[ Igbo na-agx abx d[ka Emily na Nkwere, Theresa Onuoha n‟Unubi, Rose Nzuruike n‟Ihiagwa na qtxtx nd[ qzq na-ewere asxsx wepxta nkamma n‟abx jighar[a okwu ka nkamma d[ n‟asxsx pxta ihe nke pxtara [hqrq asxsx kwes[r[ ekwes[ tinye n‟ebe q dabara ka o were metxta qgxx na nd[ ogent[ na mmxq. Mana taa, nd[ qlqrqqhxrx na-agbaso usoro nd[ qcha nke na-anagh[ egosipxta enyouche nke ahxmihe n‟asxsx nakwa nke na-anagh[ ewepxta mmetxtaobi e bu n‟uche. Ebumnuuche nchqcha a bx ka enyochaa abx Abigbo Mbaise atq bx Chenji, Asxsx Igbo na Ozi D[ Mkpa were wepxtas[a akanka nd[ qgxx gbasoro were gxq abx ha. Usoro a gbasoro bx usoro nke sqvee were mee nchqcha. A chqpxtara na nd[ qgxx abx Abigbo Mbaise jiri akanka qkachakwa atxmatxokwu were jighar[a okwu ka nka mma d[ n‟asxsx pxta ihe n‟abx ha. A ch[kqtara nchqcha a site n‟[txle Akanka d[ n‟abx Abigbo Mbaise ma mee ka nd[ qgxx abx gbaa mbq hx na ha jiri ezi aka nka na-agxpxta egwu ha n‟ihi na ezi aka nka ga- enwer[[r[ ezigbo qnqdx ma q bxgh[ etu a, xlq ah[a nd[ na-ahx maka abx ga-ejupxta n‟abx nd[ na-enwegh[ isi na qdx bxrxkwa ad[gboroja.

Qkpxrxkpx okwu nd[ a rxtxrx aka: Agxmagx, Akanka, Abx qnx, Egwu qd[nala, Egwu Abigbo

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AYOZIE, C. R., MGBOROGWU, A.C. Na IGBOKWE, B. N.: Nnyocha Akanka Di N‟abx Qnx Abigbo Internaitonal Journal of Development and Management Review (INJODEMAR)Vol. 15, No. 1 June, 2020 Mbaise

Abstract Poetry is an emotional and elevated piece of song which the Igbo use to express the state or condition of the world, the existence and condition of communities as well as proffer the raison d‘etre for certain things that happened in the world and some certain things that may occur in the future. Any Igbo man has a peculiar way of expressing whatever that comes his way through song. Thus, the importance of poetry in Igbo society cannot be over-emphasized. Igbo songs are used for relaxation, recreation, teaching as well as expression of Igbo philosophy. Besides, Igbo songs are also used to expose publicly societal ills. They are also used to praise an outstanding fit of achievement. Many notable Igbo musicians like Emily from Nkwerre, Theresa Onuoha of Unubi, Rose Nzurike from Ihiagwa and a host of others use figurative language in their songs to bring out the best of their songs in such a way that it will appeal to the mind and soul of listeners of such songs. That is, their songs are emotional. However, today, the Igbo musicians have followed the trend of Western pattern that is not imaginative of the future. The aim of this research therefore is to investigate three notable Abigbo Mbiase poems – ―Chenji, ―Asxsx Igbo‖ and ―Ozi D[ Mkpa‖ with the view of finding the style the singers adopted in rendering these songs. Survey method was used for this study. The researchers found out that poets made copious use of figurative language to bring out the best in their songs. Based on their findings, the researchers advised the modern poets/musicians to use good style in their songs/poems because a good style must follow a pattern otherwise our market will be filled with music/songs that are meaningless or copyright musics.

Keywords: Literature, Style, Oral Literature, Traditional Music, Abigbo Dance

1.1 Ndubata A b[a n‟ala Igbo, e nwere qtxtx abx qd[nala d[ iche iche e jiri mara nd[ Igbo nke ha ji egosipxta etu obi d[ ha, n‟Ihiagwa e nwere abx d[ka “Ego nna any[ kpara q bx ego k[r[k[r[”. Na Nkwere,e nwere “Emily nwaany[ na-ebi ego”, Unubi nwere Egedege. Abx qd[nala nd[ a nwere ihe d[ mkpa nd[ na-agx maqbx na-agba ha jiri hiwe ha. Nke qbxla n‟abx nd[ a d[ oke mkpa n‟ihi na o nwere ihe q na-arxtx aka n‟ala Igbo d[ka omume d[ iche iche d[ n‟ala Igbo nakwa ikele nd[ na-agbal[ [hx na obodo ha na-aga n‟ihu ma na-akatq nd[ na-emebi obodo. Nwadike, (1992:32) kqwara abx qd[nala d[ka “abx d[ iche iche nd[ Igbo ji ebi ndx ha. Nd[ Igbo nwere abx maka qnqdx qbxla n‟xwa a. Q d[gh[ qnqdx qbxla gba aka abx. Nkqwa nke a na-ekwu n‟ala Igbo e nwegh[ omenala maqbx emume qbxla na-enwegh[ abx e ji egosipxta ya. D[ka n‟ebe a mxrx nwa qhxrx, e nwere abx a na-eji egosipxta na a mxrx nwa qhxrx d[ka abx a bx “Q nxrx olu nwa b[a ngwa, q bxgh[ otu onye nwe nwa”. Abx a na- egosi na a mxrx nwa qhxrx ebe ahx. Ugonna (1980) d[ka e depxtara ya n‟akwxkwq Dike (1989:59) kwuru na “ihe any[ ga- akpq abx abxgh[ naan[ ihe e depxtara kama q bxkwa okwu e dokoro kwupxta ya n‟qnx nk[t[. Q gakwara n‟ihu kqwakwuo abx d[ka okwu d[ n‟ah[r[ n‟ah[r[ maqbx n‟qgbara nwere ndanusoro a na-ekwe ekwe, na-agx agx maqbx ekwu ekwu”. Site na nkqwa a, nd[ qchqcha kwenyere n‟ihe Ugonna kwuru, na abx bx nke nkwurunqnx, nke a na-agx agx maqbx nke a na-ekwu n‟qnx.

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E nwere xd[ abx abxq nke gxnyere abx qnx na abx ederede nakwa xd[ ha d[ iche iche. E nwekwara qkpqabx d[ iche iche nakwa mbunuuche ha.Site n‟abx nd[ mb[arach[wa nke buterela any[ nsogbu na mmeghar[ anya n‟ebe xmxntorob[a any[ na-eto eto nq, emeela na o nwegh[ onye na-eleba anya n‟ihe banyere abx qnx otu o kwes[r[, xfqdxkwa na-agx egwu maqbx uri anagh[ eche echiche n‟ egwu ha na-agx, ma egwu ahx o nwere ozi q na-ezi nd[ qhanaeze,ma o nwere ezi akanka nke ga-ewepxta nkamma d[ n‟abx. Mana mgbe gboo, q d[gh[ etu a, q bx qnqdx a kpalitere isiokwu nchqcha a bx nnyocha akanka d[ n‟abx qnx Abigbo Mbaise. N‟ihi nke a, nd[ qchqcha ga-agbal[ inyocha abx atq Abigbo bx Chenji, Asxsx Igbo na Ozi di mkpa, iji mata etu nd[ qgxx abx Abigbo Mbaise siri jiri asxsx a haziri ahazi were gxpxta egwu ha na etu egwu nd[ a si akwalite qd[mma nd[ Igbo, omenala ha nakwa akxnaxba.

1.2 Agxmagx Qd[nala N‟oge gboo, nd[ Igbo nwere akxkq d[gas[ iche iche banyere xwa a any[ nq n‟ime ya. Chukwu kere xwa, mmadxbi n‟ime xwa nakwa ihe nd[ qzq d[gas[ iche iche nq n‟ime xwa. Xd[r[ akxkq nd[ d[ otu ahx na-akqwara any[ otu Chukwu siri d[, ka obodo na mba siri malite, ka e siri kee mmadx nakwa ihe kpatara mmadx jiri b[a n‟xwa. Akxkq nd[ a niile bx akxkq nd[ d[r[la qkpxtqrqkpx n‟ihi na o nwegh[ onye ga-as[ na q bx mgbe d[ otu a maqbx oge d[ otu a ka q malitere. Naan[ ihe a maara bx akxkq nd[ ahx bx agxmagx qd[nala. Okafq na Ewelukwa (2012:303) kqwara agxmagx qd[nala d[ka “otu n‟ime xd[ agxmagx qnx e nwere n‟asxsx Igbo. Q bx agxmagx a na-akqkar[ n‟qnx. O sitere n‟aka nna nna any[ ha wee ruo any[ aka. O bidoro n‟oge gboo wee diba”. Nwadike (1992:19) kwuru na agxmagx qd[nala “bx agxmagx e degh[ ede,a na-akq ma na-agx ya n‟qnx. Mmewere ya na-abxkar[ akxkq qd[nala, nke qtxtx ha sitere na mgbe qkpx”. Site na nkqwa abxq a, q pxtara na agxmagx qd[nala gbagidere xkwx n‟ekere xwa na ihe agba ochie. Q na-enwe oge d[ iche iche e ji agx ya d[ka n‟abal[ mgbe qnwa na-eti. Emenanjq, Okolie, Ekwe na Maduako (1994:10) kwuru na agxmagx qd[nala bx “echiche miri emi gbasara isiokwu qbxla nke e jiri asxsx nka kqwapxta. Q gakwara n‟ihu kwuo na q d[ mkpa icheta n‟oge qbxla any[ tinyere “qd[nala” n‟agxmagx, any[ agagh[ ebu odide n‟obi. Edemede b[ara ab[a na ndx mmadx”. Ihe nke a na-akqwa bx na edemede bidoro qhxrx na ndx nd[ Igbo, n‟otu aka ahxkwa ka edemede siri bxrx qb[a na ndx agbxrx niile, q bxlad[ nd[ oyibo. Agxmagx qd[nala ebe a bx echiche d[gas[ iche na ndx nd[ Igbo mana e degh[ ha ede. Anyanele, (2012:62) a kqwaala agxmagx qd[nala d[ka “akxkq echereche nke metxtara usoro obibi ndx, omenala, okpukperechi nakwa qch[ch[ nke nd[ Igbo”. Okodo, (2012:94) Nwekwara xd[ echiche a wee kwuo na: Agxmagx qnx bx ihe d[wara gboo, q bx oge qbxla agbxrx qbxla malitere ka ha malitere kwuwe okwu n‟asxsx nne jiri mxq ha. Q bxkwa n‟ime asxsx ha ahx ka agxmagx qnx ha d[. Agxmagx qnx d[ka any[ maara gxnyere okwu nke nd[ mmadx kwunyere echiche ha chepxtara eri ogologo oge gara aga wee rute ugbu a. Nd[ e chepxtara n‟oge gboo a mazigh[ nd[ chepxtara ha bx agxmagx qnx. Site n‟ihe odee dere gbasara agxmagx qd[nala gosiri na agxmagx qd[nala bx akxkq mgbe ochie nke malitere d[ka nghqta ha siri d[ banyere xwa ha hxrx onwe ha na ya. Akxkq nd[ a bxkwa nd[ nke tarala qj[, nd[ nke na-esi n‟aka fere n‟aka. Agxmagx qd[nala jupxtara n‟ihe

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1.3 Abx Qnx Nd[ Igbo bx nd[ a maara site kemgbe gboo n‟iwepxta abx n‟oge ngosi d[ iche iche d[ka ofufe, emume qhanaeze nakwa ejije. Abx n‟agbanyegh[ xd[ q bx, bx otu n‟ime agxmagx qnx nd[ Igbo nwere n‟ihi na a malitere igxpxta abx n‟qnx tupu e dewe ya n‟akwxkwq. D[ka Xzqchukwu, (1990:37) kwuru na abx qbxla nwere ihe q na-ekwu maka ya. O nwere ike na- ekwu maka onye okike na ihe nd[ o kere, qnwx na ndx, akx na xba, mmehie na mgbaghara were d[r[ gawa”. Ya bx site na nkqwa Uzochukwu nyere abx, o gosiri na abx bx ihe na- akpalite mmxq ma bxrxkwa enyo e ji ahx ihe na-eme na ndx. Xd[ abx e ji qnx agxpxta ka a na-akpq abx qd[nala maqbx abx qnx. Nwadike, (1992:32) kwuru s[ “site na mgbe gboo nd[ Igbo nwere abx d[ iche iche ha ji ebi ndx ha n‟qnqdx qbxla, nd[ Igbo nwere abx ha ji eme nke ha na-eme”. Nke a pxtara na abx nd[ Igbo malitere mgbe nd[ Igbo malitere n‟ihi na ndx mmadx apxgh[ izu oke ma q bxrx na abx anqgh[ ya n‟inye aka [kwalite mmxq nd[ mmadx n‟ihe ha na-eme. Uzochukwu, (1982) d[ka e depxtara ya n‟ Anyanele, (2012:71) mere nkenxxd[ abx Igbo n‟xd[ uri (song), mbem (chant), ngxgq (recitation). Abx Igbo gara n‟ihu gxnye abx nkqcha, abx otuto, abx akwa ar[r[, abx qrx, abx agha, abx iku nwa, abx [hxnanya, abx ifo dgz. Nwadike, (1992; 32-33) mekwara nkenxxd[ abx qd[nala n‟xd[ a: Uri/egwu, abx ifo, abx nwa, abx mkpoku, abx agha, abx akwamozu, abx akwa ar[r[, abx ngoli, abx okwu, abx ntqaja/ofufe, abx nzikq/nkuzi, abx ekere, ilu, agwxgwa, okwuntxh[. N‟ebe a, a ga-achqpxta na abx nke Okafo na Ewelxkwa, (2012:307) kpqrq abx ekwerekwe dabara na nke Nwadike kpqrq uri maqbx egwu. Nke abx Abigbo Mbaise so n‟otu n‟ime ha nakwa abx nkqcha.

1.4 Akanka Akanka bx amxmamx nka nke gbakwasara xkwx n‟usoro e si ekwu okwu, usoro e si eche echiche. N‟ime agxmagx, odee na-egosi nka ya buru n‟obi na nka bx kpqmkwem ihe na-egosi qkaibe na qkammxta nke odee nwere maka ndepxta ya. Chinagorom, (2015:13) kwuru na akanka na-eleba anya na nd[iche na qpxrxiche d[ n‟edemede maqbx agxmagx, maqbx okwu e kwuru ekwu site n‟ijiri ezi qmxmx d[ n‟qkaasxsx (linguistics characteristics), chqpxtas[a ihe nd[ pxtara ihe na ha. Q gakwara n‟ihu kwuo na akanka bx usoro e si amx maqbxkwanx sayens[ qmxmx sta[l[ maqbxkwanx nka sitere n‟ezi nhazi. N‟qmxmx akanka, a na-agbagidekar[ xkwx n‟ihe nd[ a hxrx anya na ihe nd[ d[ n‟oge ya. Nwadike, (1992:90) kqwara akanka d[ka sayens[ nke na-achqpxta usoro e si ede agxmagx, q bxkwa qmxmx ihe gbasara otu e si ede ya bx agxmagx. Q gakwara n‟ihu kwuo na q bx usoro maqbx xzq pxrx iche nke na-egosi otu odee akwxkwq gbasooro n‟agxmagx ya. Xzqchukwu, (1990:1) hxrx akanka d[ka ihe na-agbado xkwx na etu e si ewere asxsx wepxta nkamma nke pxtara [hqrq asxsx nka kwes[r[ ekwes[ tinye n‟ebe q dabara, ka o were metxta qgxx na mmxq.

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Site na nkqwa nd[ a, o gosiri na akanka d[ka q d[ n‟xd[ agxmagx q bxla, na-ejikwa asxsx egosipxta nkamma d[ n‟agxmagx. Nke a metxtara etu odee si ewere usoro xtqasxsx, usoro nsiekwu na usoro nsiede gosipxta mbunuuche ya gbasara edemede maqbx agxmagx ya. Akanka na-eleba anya n‟usoro odee akwxkwq siri dee edemede ya, nqrq ebe ahx gbaa ihe na- eme n‟xwa n‟anwx. Q na-ezere any[ qkx na ihe d[ iche n‟xzq odee abxq maqbx kar[a siri wepxta agxmagx ha, ma ha gbasoro otu usoro ka q bx na ha gbasoro usoro d[ iche iche. Ya bx, a ga-as[ na akanka bx nwa mgbaama ihe d[ iche n‟etiti agxmagx abxq maqbx kar[a. Ya bx akanka bx usoro nke na-eleba anya n‟ihe qmxmx d[ n‟agxmagx. Mgbe q bxla a na-ekwu maka akanka odee, ihe a na-arxtx aka bx usoro odee si eleba anya, maqbx enyocha ihe e depxtara edepxta. Q na-enyocha asxsx e jiri dee ya, na-eleba anya otu odeakwxkwq jiri dee ya, siri sxq ya, nke gxnyere: akpaalaokwu, ilu, nhaokwu na atxmatxokwu. Akpaalaokwu: bx otu n‟ime atxmatx agxmagx nke bx okwu amamiihe nke e ji achq asxsx mma. Nghqta ya d[ mfe n‟ihi na site n‟ihe e jiri maa atx, onye nwere qgxgx isi ga-aghqta ihe a na-ekwu. Ilu: Ilu bx mmanx nd[ lgbo ji eri okwu. D[ka ji siri bxrx ezi nri, mmanx na-enyere ya aka ka o wee tqq xtq. Q bxrx na mmanx ad[gh[ na ji q gagh[ agafecha qfxma na-akp[r[. N‟otu aka ahx agxmagx qbxla ilu na-anqgh[ agagh[ ezu oke. Ilu bara uru n‟ala Igbo, ya mere nd[ Igbo jiri si onye a txqrq ilu ma kqwaara ya mara na ego e jiri lxq nne ya furu qh[a. Nhaokwu: Nke a na-eleba anya n‟usoro odee siri hqrq mkpxrxokwu maqbx ah[r[okwu. Chinagorom, (2013:45) kwuru na nhaokwu na-eleba anya na asxsx izugbe nke odee maqbx qgxabx ji ekwupxta echiche ya. O nwekwara ike bxrx xfqdx olund[ maqbx olumba ya. Okwu mbite nwekwara ike bata ebe a n‟usoro nd[ qzq na-abxgh[ nke aka ya na nke o ji eme ndepxta na ngxpxta. Atxmatxokwu: Nke a bx nke ode agxmagx ji eme ka nd[ qgxx nwee mmas[ pxrx iche n‟agxmagx ya wee mee ka nd[ qgxx mara na q bx qrx nka. Q bx nkaokwu nd[ q na-ewebata n‟asxsx iji chqq ihe q na-ekwu mma. Atxmatx okwu nd[ a juru eju bara abara nke gxnyere: nkwuma, asinilu, mbxrx, myiri, mmemmadx, qgharaokwu, xkabxilu, nsinxxda, ajxjxnzaraonwe, nhagideokwu, qrxrxgha, okwunkwutu, nkwunkwugha, mbiamb[a, ahaqnqchi dgz.

1.5 Nkenke Akxkq Banyere Mmalite Amxmamx Akanka D[ka Chinagorom, (2013:16) kwuru, n‟etiti nd[ Griiki na Rom, ha hxtara akanka d[ka otu amxmamx a kpqrq Classical Rhetorics. Akxkq niile a kqrq maqbx n‟etiti nd[ Igbo, Ijiptu, Griiki, Rom, Cha[na na nd[ qzq, ha rxtxchara aka banyere nka d[ iche iche mmadx mepxtarala. O kwuru na amxmamx akanka d[ka otu n‟ime amxmamx sayens[ malitere na senchuri nke 20. Q kacha n‟etiti nd[ a kpqrq Russian Formalists na otu qzq kpqrq onwe ha Prague School. O kwukwara n‟afq 1909, Charles Bally na ndepxta nke q kpqrq Traite de stylistique Francaise, kpqrq oku ka e nwee amxmamx sta[l[stiks. Xd[ amxmamx a b[ara biri qkx n‟ala Iropu na Amerika, ma ka Agha Xwa (WWI) biri (1920) imerime nd[ d[ka I.A. Richardo, T.S. Eliot, Roman Jacobson na Leo Spitzer b[ara tinye isi na nchqcha banyere ijiri asxsx a haziri nke qma nyochaa agxmagx ederede. Qtxtx nd[ qkammxta nd[ a hxrx uru akanka bara mana e nwere nd[ ihe qma na-arx afq bx nd[ jiri agxmagx Filosofi gbagide xkwx ekwegh[ ka e tinye ihe e kwuru n‟qrx. Ndi malitere sta[listikis gbara ezi mbq ka e nwee usoro qhxrx iji were hazie ederede.

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AYOZIE, C. R., MGBOROGWU, A.C. Na IGBOKWE, B. N.: Nnyocha Akanka Di N‟abx Qnx Abigbo Internaitonal Journal of Development and Management Review (INJODEMAR)Vol. 15, No. 1 June, 2020 Mbaise

Chinagorom, (2013) gxpxtas[r[ nd[ d[ otu a gbara mbq d[ka Ferdinand de Saussure, (1857-1913-1918) Sapir, (1921), Bloomfield, (1933) bx nd[ nq n‟xd[ echiche a nd[ mere ka e nweta nkwado site n‟amxmamx qkaasxsx bx lingwistiks na ihe nd[ qzq d[ omimi banyere asxsx, hxrx uru d[ n‟itinye mkpxrxokwu dabara adaba n‟ime ederede ka e ji ya gosi ndepxta bx [gba na odee bx qkaibe. N‟akwxkwq Chinagorom, (2013) kqwapxtara na Ezikeojiakx kwuru na xfqdx na- ekwu na q bx Leo-Spitzer bx nna nke sta[l[stiks qhxrx. Ebe nd[ qzq na-ekwu na q bx I.A. Richards bx onye bx isi mmxghar[ a. Ha kwuru na nke a pxtara ihe n‟akwxkwq q kpqrq “Practical Criticism”. N‟ihi nghqta na mwake qhxrx a, o tezigh[ aka nd[ mmadx ab[azie malite ileba anya n‟xd[ ederede a. N‟agxmagx taa, ebe qnqdx nhxrxmihe nd[ xwa agbanwola, q bx ihe a mere e ji nabatazie ihe a kpqrq taa amxmamx Sta[l[stiks d[ka amxmamx banyere usoro e kwes[r[ iji ezi asxsx dee agxmagx, nke ga-egosipxta mpempe ihe nd[ gosiri etu Ejije, Iduuaz[ na Abx nd[ a d[. Chinagorom, (2013:23) kwukwara na nd[ malitere akanka wereziri ya d[ka otu mpaghara a na-amx na lingwistiks. Q bxgh[ amxmamx a na-amx n‟onwe ya naan[, kama q bx mbq iji qkaasxsx na akanka na-akqwa ihe mejupxtara asxsx na etu asxsx na obodo si emekqr[ta. O kwukwara na ihe nke a pxtara bx na, na mmalite na otuto Soshiolingwistiks na Senchuri nke 19 na 20 bx qgbuhoroxzq maka xd[ ileba anya pxrxiche a e mere banyere ederede nke e nwere ike [kpq na Bekee form/literary criticism. Q s[kwa na nd[ Sta[listiks d[ka mpaghara amxmamx hxrx na nnyocha akanka na nkqwa doro anya banyere ederede bx nnqq xzq pxtara ihe d[kwa mkpa iji wee gboo mkpa nd[ d[ na sayens[ asxsx. Nd[ gxnyere: nkqwa, nsxghar[ na mgbagwojuanya na-ad[ n‟ekwurekwu. Olileanya ha bx na nnyocha a n‟xzq ziri ezi ga-eme ka ihe ederede na agxmagx nd[ qzq bxrx nke ga-ewetara nd[ mmadx ezi mmas[ na afq ojuju. Ugbu a, akanka ka a na-ewere d[ka otu n‟ime mpaghara d[ mkpa n‟ihe banyere amxmamx qkaasxsx bx lingwistiks nke na-enyezi aka ime ka asxsx bxrx ihe kwes[r[ ekwes[ maka qganihu obodo.

1.6 Ntule Akanka Uzochukwu na Emenanjo Onye tulee usoro abxq nd[ a, q ga-ahx na Xzqchukwu, (1988) txpxtara usoro abxq esi enyocha abx nke bx usoro qd[naya na usoro qd[d[. Uzochukwu kqwara na qd[naya ga-eleba anya na echiche na mmetxta obi, ebe qd[d[ na-eleba anya na ndokq, ndanusoro na asxsx e ji were dee abx. Na nke ya, Emenanjq, (1980) txpxtara usoro inyocha abx qbxla site n‟ilekwas[ anya n‟ihe isii nke gxnyere: onye dere ya bx abx, usoro e jiri dee ya, isiokwu ya, echiche d[ n‟abx, asxsx nka d[ n‟abx na olu e jiri dee ya. N‟uche m, nd[ qkankuzi nd[ a maara ihe ha riri gbasara nnyocha abx, ha kwqrq aka ma hie aka n‟anya were wepxta xzq a ga-agbaso were na-eme nnyocha. Ha abxq bx [gba n‟ihe gbasara nnyocha agxmagx na akanka. Q d[[r[ onye omennyocha [gbakwas[ xkwx ma lere anya n‟ihe nd[ qkankuzi nd[ a dere jiri malite njem nnyocha agxmagx qbxla.

1.7 Uru Agxmagx Qd[nala bara Agxmagx qd[nala na-enyere any[ aka site n‟iji ya wee kxzie qtxtx ihe d[ mkpa na ndx mmadx. Qtxtx akxkq, egwuregwu na abx na-akxziri any[ ihe nd[ d[ mma na ihe nd[ d[ njq, ma mekwaa ka any[ kpaa oke n‟ihe qjqq d[ iche iche ma nabatakwa ihe qma na ndx any[. A na- eji agxmagx qd[nala anqr[ oge.Oge egwu qnwa ka a na-akq akxkq ifo nakwa egwuregwu

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Internaitonal Journal of Development and Management Review (INJODEMAR)Vol. 15, No. 1 June, 2020 qd[nala d[ iche iche. Agxmagx qd[nala na-enye obi a]xr[, q na-enyekwara any[ aka [mata otu mba d[ iche iche si ebi ndx ha, otu ha si ahxta onwe ha, omenala ha d[ iche iche. Agxmagx qd[nala na-eweta ezi mmekqr[ta n‟etiti nd[ mmadx na ibe ha, nke kacha nke bx na agxmagx qd[nala na-enye any[ amamihe, uche d[ nkq, afq ojuju na mkpalite mmxq. Nwadike, (1993:45) kwuru na ihe e bu n‟uche akxziri xmxaka agxmagx qd[nala bx ka ha nwee obi xtq.D[ka Emenanjq na nd[ otu ya, (1994:11) siri kwado, Agxmagx qd[nala na-enye obi a]xr[. Q d[gh[ ka o nwere onye ga-as[ na agxmagx qd[nala na-afx ya xfx. Q na-atq onye ukwu na-atq onye nta xtq. E kwutx okwu agxmagx qd[nala ihu qch[ na-ad[ onye qbxla, q bxlad[ onye iwe ji. Site na nkqwa a, q na-egosi na agxmagx qd[nala na-emetxta qtxtx ihe na ndx nd[ Igbo d[ka obibi, qch[ch[, okpukperechi na ebimndx ha.

1.8 Egwu Abigbo Mbaise D[ka Abx Qnx Mbaise bx otu n‟ime obodo nke nq na mpaghara nd[da anyanwx Na[jir[a, nke nq n‟okpuru Imo steeti. Obodo a bx Mbaise nwere okpuru qch[ch[ atq bx Aboh Mbaise, Ahiazx Mbaise na Ezinihitte Mbaise. Ha nwekwara obere obodo d[ iche iche mejupxtara ha. Mbaise nwere egwu d[ iche iche ha na-agx ma na-agbakwa ya agba nke gxnyere Agbachaa ekurunwa, Nkwa qmxrx nwa, “Al[ja, Edere, Egwu qnx nwa Ese, Ekwirikwe mgba, Abigbo, Nkwa udu dgz. Mana nke nd[ nchqcha ga-eleba anya bx egwu Abigbo nke nd[ Oke-Uvuru d[ na Kansxl Aboh Mbaise, nke onye ndu ha bx Maaz[ Bishqp. Raymond, (2018) s[ na egwu Abigbo bx nnukwu egwu qd[nala nd[ qch[ch[ ime obodo Mbaise bxrxkwa egwu nd[ mgbe ochie bidoro na Mbaise. Q s[ na egwu Abigbo bx osi na mbx ]xrx mma[, ya bx o nwegh[ onye ga-ekwu hoohaa oge o jiri malite kama ihe e nwere ike ikwu bx na o bidoro na Chokoneze nke nq n‟ime Ezinihitte Mbaise site n‟aka nna nna ha were rute ha aka. Anyanwx, (2018) n‟aka nke ya si na abx Abigbo bx abx nkqcha, nke na-akqcha nd[ mmadx site n‟xd[ agwa qjqq ha na-akpa. Q na-eme ka qhanaeze site n‟egwu ha mara ihe ma wetuo aka n‟ihe qjqq d[ iche iche ha na-eme wee kpawa agwa d[ mma. Patrick, (2018) kwuru na egwu nd[ a ga-eji atxnyere egwu Abigbo bx egwu nd[ bekee kpqrq Afro beat, Juju, Highlife na nd[ qzq. Q kwukwara na egwu Abigbo pxrx iche n‟egwu qd[nala nd[ qzq d[ka egwu Agbachaa ekurunwa, Ekpe, At[lqgwx nakwa Qgbongelenge. Ihe mere o jiri pxq iche bx na egwu Abigbo bx egwu na-akq ka o siri d[r[ any[ n‟xwa, egwu Abigbo anagh[ ezo qnx. O mechikwara okwu ya site n‟ikwu na egwu Abigbo bx egwu e ji olu nd[ Mbaise were gxq, Q bxkwa egwu ga-abara nd[ Mbaise na qhanaeze uru n‟ihi na q bx egwu na-enye mmadx ndxmqdx. Q bx egwu na-ebute mgbanwe na ndx mmadx, mee ka mmadx hapx agwa qjqq q naara akpa.

1.9 Ihe nd[ e Derela Metxtara Isiokwu Kpqmkwem Nd[ mmadx edeela ihe d[ iche iche gbasara isiokwu abx qd[nala d[ka ebe a ga-elegara anya na nchqcha d[ iche iche e merela, semina, jonal dgz. Okodo, (2012) na nchqcha ya q kpqrq „Qnqdx Agxmagx Qnx Qjad[li‟ kqwara na otu uru qjad[l[ ritere agxmagx qnx bx akxkq ntqala ya. Q bx akxkq ifo maka agwa bx Qjad[l[ ka e ji dee ya. E wezxga nke a qtxtx akxkq gbasara okike xwa na ihe nd[ qzq so n‟ihe nd[ odee ji mere ndina edemede ha. O ji usoro nke sqvee mee nchqcha ya. Q chqpxtara na nd[ odee

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qjad[l[ (qdxnke) wetara ihe ha ji dee qjad[l[ n‟agxmagx qnx. N‟ihi nke a ka o ji kwuo na agxmagx qnx nwere nnukwu qnqdx n‟ime qjad[l[. Kenneth-Qhagwa, (2018) n‟isiokwu ya q kpqrq “Nnyocha Abx Emily D[ka Abx Qnx” kqwara na qgxgx na qgbxgba bx otu ihe na-emejupxta agxmagx Igbo d[ka agxmagx nd[ qzq n‟Africa, na qd[nala nd[ Igbo na-egosi na qgbxgba na qgxgx enwegh[ nkewa n‟omenala nd[ Igbo bx xd[ egwu a maara d[ka egwu xmxagbqghq. Nwamkpa na Nwokoha, (2016) n‟isiokwu ha kpqrq “Qgxx Egwu Qd[nala Onyenkuzi na Ndu: Ntule Egwu Rose Nzuruike nke otu Egwu Obiwxrxotu Ndom Ihiagwa n‟Imo Steeti” kqwara na a na-ahxta qgxx egwu qd[nala d[ka onye amxma, onye nkuzi na onye nduzi mana q dizi mwute na imerime nd[ na-agx egwu qd[nala taa na-agxzi ihe bara ha n‟qnx n‟ebugh[ xzq chee ma egwu ahx o nwere uru q ga-abara qhanaeze. Any[ lemie anya n‟ihe xfqdx nd[ mmadx derela gbasara ntule na nnyocha abx qd[nala, any[ ga-ahx na ihe ha kara rxtxaka bx na e ji abx qd[nala were na-ezi qhanaeze ozi d[ iche iche ma matakwa eziokwu. Mana e wepxtachagh[ ohere akanka abx nakwa [mata ihe abx nke qbxla na-ekwu maka ya nke nd[ nchqcha chqrq ileba anya.

1.10 Nsekes[ N‟ebe a, a ga-esekes[ abx Abigbo Mbaise d[ka e si kqwaa na 2.3. A ga-esekes[ abx atq nd[ ahx a hqqrq d[ka Emenanjq, (1980) si kqwaa.

1.11 Chenji Abx a bx “Chenji” bx nd[ Oke-Uvuru nke Aboh Mbaise gxrx ya. A gxrx abx a n‟xd[ nd[ na- ekwe uri buru xzq kwee, qgxx uri a gxq. Abx a nwere nkeji anq, nd[ okweuri kwere nkeji abxq ebe qgxx kwere nkeji abxq. Isiokwu abxq a bx chenji bx na nd[ qch[ch[ nq ugbu a kwere nkwa na ha ga-eweta chenji mana n‟ikpeazx any[ ahxgh[zi chenji. A hxrx nke a na nkeji nke mbx nke nkebite abx a. Ihe ha jiri b[a bx chenx B[a iwu any[ a a e e Q d[gh[ otu mkpxrx chenji D[ ha n‟aka a e Na nkeji a, qgxx na-agba nd[ qch[ch[ n‟anwx ime ka nd[ qhanaeze mata na nd[ qch[ch[ a bx nd[ o kwere nkwa emegh[ ihe ha kwere na nkwa. Ihe gbasara echiche bx etu qgxx siri were asxsx mee ka o metxta mmadx na mmxq ya n‟xzq pxrx iche. Echiche n‟isiokwu abxgh[ otu. A hxrx echiche d[ n‟abx a bx chenji na nkeji nke ikpeazx nke qgxx uri gxrx; nke bx: Onyeisiala any[ ch[wa any[ Gewekwa nx nt[ any[ jxq ya Oge { b[ara [chx nta vootu n‟ala any[ I kwere any[ nkwa Iwetara any[ mgbanwe mara mma Any[ enye g[ vootu lewe anya S[ g[ wetara any[ mgbanwe mara mma G[ emenwekqr[ ije mee n‟xkwx A kpqrq xbqch[ g[ etigh[ isi obodo nd[ qcha

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Qgxx ji obi mwute were na-agwa onyeisiala n‟oge q b[ara [chx nta vootu. O kwere nd[ obodo nkwa d[ qtxtx, O kwere nd[ obodo nkwa iwetere ha chenji n‟obodo. Nkqwa nd[ a mere ka ha nye onyeisiala vootu ha mana ugbu a, o nwegh[ nkwa nd[ o kwere ha, ha hxga. Qgxx jiri atxmatxokwu were chqq abx ya mma nke bx otu n‟ime akanka e nwere iji were nyochaa abx. E nwere okwu mbite n‟abx a bx okwu nd[ a kanyere ihe n‟okpuru. Na nkeji nke mbx nke nd[ okweuri: Qch[ch[ nd[ ugbu a Ab[ad[la m xjq Qch[ch[ d[ ugbu a Ab[ad[la m xjq Ihe ha jiri b[a bx cheenx B[a iwu any[ a e Q d[gh[ otu mkpxrx chenji Nkeji nke abxq nke onye qgxx uri, a hxkwara okwu mbite: I kwere any[ nkwa Iwetere any[ mgbanwe mara mma Any[ enye g[ vootu lewe anya S[ g[ wetere any[ mgbanwe mara mma G[ emenwekqr[ ije mee n‟xkwx A kpqrq xbqch[ g[ etigh[ isi obodo nd[ qcha Abigbo Mbaise any[ bx otu jx ajxjx S[ ego chenji wqq qgaga n[ [gwx N‟iji agba xgbq xgbq a a e e O nwere onye nt[ ya wqrq xka e e? N‟abx a, okwu mbite kwalitere abx a, n‟ihi e wepx nke a, ntqqch[ d[ n‟abx si n‟okwu mbite. E nwere kwunkwukwa na nkeji nke mbx. Qnx erigh[ ego ya ma ihe bx eziokwu Qnx erigh[ ego ya ma ihe bx eziokwu A hxkwara kwunkwukwa qzq n‟ah[r[ iri na atq n‟ah[r[ iri na anq nke bx: Xjq ab[ad[la m o e a e Xjq ab[ad[la m o e a e Nke a gosiri obi mwute ya n‟abx chenji nke mere o jiri kwukwas[ okwu nd[ a ugboro ugboro iji gosi ajq ihe nd[ qch[ch[ na-eme nke bx ha kwee nkwa ha agagh[ emezu nkwa ha kwere, nke a na-ewute nd[ ha na-ach[. E lee anya, a ga-ahx na e nwere nset[ xdaume na nkeji nke mbx, ah[r[ nke iri na atq n‟ah[r[ nke iri na anq nke qgxx uri. Xjq ab[ad[la m o e a e Xjq ab[ad[la m o e a e A hxkwara ya na nkeji nke abxq, ah[r[ nke iri na asatq nke qgxx uri; Si ego chenjiwo q gaga n‟igwu N‟iji agba xgbq xgbq a a e e A hxkwara ya na nkeji nke abxq, ah[r[ nke iri nke qgx uri, O nwere onye nt[ ya wqrq xka e e? A hxkwara ajxjx nzaraonwe na nkeji nke mbx, ah[r[ nke iri na isii nke jxrx ajxjx na-enwegh[ qs[sa:

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O nwere onye nt[ ya wqrq xka e e?

1.12 Asxsx Igbo A gxrx abx a bx “asxsx Igbo” n‟xd[ nd[ na-ekwe uri buru xzq kwee, qgxx uri esochie ha azx. Abx a nwere nkeji ise, nd[ okwe uri kwere nkeji abxq ebe qgx uri gxrx nkeji abxq. Isiokwu abx a nq na nkeji nke atq, ah[r[ nke mbx ruo na ah[r[ nke anq nke qgxx uri: Nd[ Igbo ghara Asxsx obodo nd[ qzq Any[ were asxsx Igbo kpqrq ihe Isiokwu abx a na-ekwu ka nd[ Igbo hapx asxsx nd[ obodo nd[ qzq ma ha were asxsx Igbo bx asxsx ha kpqrq ihe. Echiche e nwere n‟abx a ka a hxrx na nkeji nke mbx, ah[r[ nke isii ruo na ah[r[ nke iri nke qgxx uri: Ozi si n‟[ntaneti Ruo any[ aka Si obere oge Asxsx Igbo any[ Gajenx [nwx anwx Qgxx uri jiri abx ya mee ka nd[ oge nt[ bx nd[ Igbo mata na q d[ mkpa ka nd[ Igbo na-asx asxsx ha, werekwa asxsx ha kpqrq ihe. Q chqkwara ka qhanaeze mata n‟obere oge asxsx Igbo gajenx [bx ihe nwxrx anwx ma q bxrx na e jigh[ ya kpqrq ihe. E nwere mmemmadx nke nq na nkeji nke mbx, ah[r[ nke itolu na ah[r[ nke iri nke qgxx uri nke kwuru: Asxsx Igbo any[ Gajenx [nwx anwx Qgxx mere asxsx Igbo ka q bxrx mmadx maqbx ihe na-eku ume nke nwere ike [nwx anwx oge qbxla. A hxkwara as[nihu na nkeji nke mbx, ah[r[ nke iri na abxq ruo n‟ah[r[ nke iri na ise nke nd[ o kweuri nke kwuru: Ak[r[ kere nwa qsa S[ obere oge Asxsx Igbo any[ Gajenx [nwx anwx

Qgxx jikwa okwu mbite nke qgxx kpqrq [ntanet[. A hxkwara ngwakqasxsx nke bx Engligbo. Qgxx webatara ilu were chqq abx ya mma nke bx “ihe nke mmadx ka ya afq eju”. Ya bx q bx naan[ ihe mmadx nwere bx ihe na-eju ya afq n‟ihi ihe a natara e nwegh[ afq q na-eju. E nwekwara nset[ myirixdaume na nkeji nke mbx ah[r[ nke iri na atq nke qgxx uri ya na nkeji nke mbx, ah[r[ nke iri abxq nke nd[ okweuri. Ebe a hxrx: E jiri mara mba Bx asxsx ha M m m m m m

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1.13 Ozi D[ Mkpa Qgxx uri haziri abx ya na nkeji na nkeji, e nwere nkeji ise nke qgxx uri gxrx ebe nd[ okwe uri kwere otu nkeji nke mere ya nkeji isii bx ihe mejupxtara abx a bx ozi d[ mkpa. Abx a bx ozi d[ mkpa bx nke isiokwu ya bx nd[ na-akwq xgbqala kpachara anya. Echiche abx na-egosipxta bx na nd[ na-akwq xgbqala mata na onye na-akwq xgbqala anagh[ a]x oke mmanya, [gba oke speedi ad[gh[ mma, ka nd[ kwqwa xgbqala were nwayqq nwayqq na-agba n‟ihi [nwxchi qnwx n‟xzq ad[gh[ mma. A hxrx nke a na nkeji nke isii, ah[r[ nke mbx ruo na ah[r[ nke ise nke qgxx uri:

Nd[ kwqwa xgbqala kpachara anya ha Onye kwqwa xgbqala agbala qnwx qnwx Oke speedi ad[gh[ mma {gba oke a wera awara ad[gh[ mma {ma [nwxch[ n‟xzq ad[gh[ mma. Qgxx uri jiri atxmatxokwu were chqq abx ya mma. E nwere xdaokwu nke a hxrx na nkeji nke isii, ah[r[ nke anq nke qgxx uri:

Oke speedi ad[gh[ mma {gba oke a wara awa ad[gh[ mma “Awara awa” bx xdaokwu nke gosiri ka nd[ na-akwq xgbqala si agba xgbqala ha. Qgxx uri webatara as[nilu na nkeji nke mbx, ah[r[ nke anq na ah[r[ nke ise nke qgxx uri: O nwere ozi d[ mkpa Any[ jiri b[a Nd[ road safety ekwuola S[ nd[ kwqwa xgbqala kpachara anya S[ nd[ kwqwa xgbqala agbala qnwx qnwx Ya bx ozi a d[ mkpa si n‟qnx nd[ road safety were pxta ihe ma ka nd[ na-akwq xgbqala kpachara anya mgbe qbxla ha na-akwq xgbqala ha. E nwere kwunkwukwa na nkeji nke ise; ah[r[ nke mbx na abxq nke qgxx uri. Nd[kwqwa xgbqala kpachara anya ha Onye kwqwa xgbqala agbala qnwx qnwx A hxkwara kwunkwukwa qzq na nkeji nke mbx, ah[r[ nke asaa na asatq nke nd[ okwe uri. Agbala qnwx qnwx Agbala qnwx qnwx A hxkwara kwunkwukwa na nkeji nke mbx, ah[r[ nke ise na isii nke qgxx uri ebe o kwuru Agbala qnwx qnwx Agbala qnwx qnwx A hxrx okwu mbite nke qgxx jiri were bawanye asxsx Igbo. Okwumbite nd[ a bx: gufu na nkeji nke abxq ah[r[ nke anq nke qgxx uri speedi na nkeji nke ise ah[r[ nke atq nke qgxx uri. E nwekwara nset[ myiri xdaume na nkeji nke anq, ah[r[ nke anq nke qgxx uri E jikwala gufu n‟acha anya M m m m m m m E nwekwara nset[ xdaume na ngwxcha nkeji nke anq na ngwxcha nkeji nke ise nke qgxx uri

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Nkeji nke anq: N‟ihi [nwxchu n‟xzq A d[gh[ mma o o a a e e Nkeji nke ise: Nd[ Abigbo e e Nd[ nwe mx o o a a e e

1.14 Ihe Nd[ A Chqpxtara Site n‟Abx Qnx Abigbo A Hqqrq Site na nchqcha nd[ nchqcha mere, a chqpxtara na abx qnx Abigbo nq n‟qgbara n‟qgbara. E nwere onye qgxuri, nd[ okweuri nakwa nd[ na-akxpxta egwu. A chqpxtakwara ihe nd[ xfqdx na-eme na ndx nd[ mmadx d[ka ileghara anya n‟ihe nd[ ha nwere, ikwe nkwa na-emezugh[ ya txmad[ nd[ qch[ch[, ejigh[ ndx ha kpqrq ihe, mgbe qbxla ihe na-ad[ ha qs[[sq qkachas[ nd[ na- akwq xgbqala. Nd[ nchqcha tinyere anya na akanka ya bx otu qgxx si were asxsx were wepxta nkamma d[ n‟abx ha. A chqpxtara na qgxx abx Abigbo Mbaise jiri atxmatx okwu bx otu n‟ime ihe a na-eleba anya na akanka were chqq abx ya mma, nke mere abx a ji tqq xtq. Nd[ abx Abigbo webatakwara asxsx bekee iji wee mekwuo ihe ha na-ekwu doo anya. Qgxx nakwa nd[ okweuri abx Abigbo ji olu iwe, ar[r[q, akpqmas[, obi nwute were gosipxta etu obi d[ ha nakwa ihe na-eme n‟obodo. Site n‟ihe nd[ a, a chqpxtara na egwu Abigbo Mbaise d[ka abx qnx Igbo, gosiri n‟abx a bx qpxrxiche na egwu nd[ qzq n‟ihi ha na-akq ka o siri d[r[ any[ n‟xwa, abx a anagh[ ezo qnx. Q ga-abakwara qhanaeze uru n‟ihi na q bx abx qnx maqbx egwu na-enye mmadx ndxmqdx ma na-agba ihe qjqq n‟anwx.

1.15 Mmechi Nd[ Igbo bx nd[ e ji akaraaka d[ iche iche were mara nke abx qnx so n‟otu n‟ime ha. Abx qnx bara uru na ndx nd[ mmadx. Abx qnx bx ihe nq nd[ Igbo n‟qbara nke ha na-eji anqr[ oge, kxzie ihe, kqchaa mmadx ma gbazikwa nd[ mmadx olu.N‟agbanyegh[ na e nwere nd[ nwere ya bx akaraka ma na-etinye ya n‟qrx maka qd[mma qhanaeze nakwa mwulite obodo na asxsx ha, nke abx Abigbo so n‟otu n‟ime ha. Ha ji ezi akanka were gxpxta abx ha nke ha ji ezi qhanaeze ozi d[ iche iche. D[ka akanka si wee bxrx ihe d[ oke mkpa n‟agxmagx n‟ihi na e ji ezi asxsx na-eme ka agxmagx qbxla tozuo etozuo. N‟ihi ya q d[kwa mkpa ka nd[ mmadx, nd[ obodo na nd[ na-agxpxta egwu, gbaa ezigbo mbq mee ka ihe a txrx anya n‟abx ma e nyochawa ya zuo oke n‟abx ha na-agxpxta ka q ga-abx ka e wee nwee ihe mmxta a ga-esi n‟abx ha a mxta.

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