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Ahihi-Kinau Reserve Plan Cover/Backcover.0512.Indd ‘Āhihi-Kīna‘u Natural Area Reserve Draft Management Plan Department of Land and Natural Resources May 2012 ©2012, Department of Land and Natural Resources Cover: Photo composite by Matt Ramsey Design by Geoff Moore, Silver Moon Art & Design Suggested citation: Natural Area Reserves System 2012. ‘Āhihi-Kīna‘u Natural Area Reserve Draft Management Plan. Prepared for Department of Land and Natural Resources, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Copies: This plan may be downloaded from: http://hawaii.gov/dlnr/dofaw/nars/reserves/maui/ahihikinau Information: For further information about this draft plan please contact: William Evanson Randy Kennedy Maui NARS Specialist NEPM Program Manager Division of Forestry and Wildlife Division of Forestry and Wildlife 54 South High Street 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 325 Wailuku, HI 96793 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96813 Phone: (808) 873-3986 Phone: (808) 587-0063 [email protected] [email protected] The Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of Forestry and Wildlife’s mission is to enhance, protect, conserve and manage Hawai‘i’s unique and limited natural, cultural and historic resources held in public trust for current and future generations of visitors and the people of Hawai‘i nei in partnership with others from the public and private sectors. ‘Āhihi-Kīna‘u Natural Area Reserve Draft Management Plan Acknowledgements ‘Āhihi-Kīna‘u Natural Area Reserve/ Keone‘ō‘io Advisory Group’s Management Plan Working Group Member Affiliation Advisory Group Role Aimoku Pali Ka ‘Ohana O Kahikinui, Board President Native Hawaiian Culture Ann Fielding Snorkel Maui, Business Owner Ocean Recreation Betsy Gagne NARS Commission, Executive Secretary NARS Staff Charles Maxwell Sr. Kahu, Native Hawaiian Cultural Practitioner Native Hawaiian Culture Cheryl King Kaho‘olawe Island Reserve Commission, Ocean Marine Science Resources Specialist Declan McCarthy Mākena Golf and Beach Resort, Director of Tourism Operations Dominic Cardea Haleakalā National Park, Chief of Interpretation Education Hannah Bernard Hawai‘i Wildlife Fund, President Conservation Jeff Bagshaw Haleakalā National Park, Lead Interpreter and Interpretation Environmental Education Coordinator Ranger John Cumming Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Maui Branch DOFAW Staff Manager Ken Kawahara Department of Land and Natural Resources, DLNR Deputy Deputy Chair Chair Kuhea Paracuelles County of Maui Office of the Mayor, Mayor’s Liaison Environmental Coordinator Lehua Pali Ka ‘Ohana O Kahikinui Native Hawaiian Culture Mark White The Nature Conservancy, Director of Maui Nui Conservation Programs Matt Ramsey Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Natural Area NARS Staff Reserves System Ranger Miqe Klemme Hawai‘i's Eco Nature Society, Business Owner Ocean Recreation Mona Kapaku Department of Hawaiian Homelands, Acting DHHL Liaison District Supervisor Nicole Davis National Oceanic and Atmospheric Marine Science Administration, Maui Marine Mammal Response Network Specialist Pat Borge Mākena Stables, Business Owner Mākena Resident Randall Kennedy Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Native Acting Chair Ecosystem Protection and Management Program Manager Robert Lu‘uwai Mākena Resident Mākena Resident William Evanson Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Maui NARS NARS Staff Specialist 2 ‘Āhihi-Kīna‘u Natural Area Reserve Draft Management Plan This plan is the culmination of years of efforts by many individuals. Mahalo to the ‘Āhihi- Kīna‘u Natural Area Reserve/Keone‘ō‘io Advisory Group: Ann Fielding, Charles Maxwell Sr., Cheryl King, Declan McCarthy, Dino Ventura (Mākena Resident), Erik Frederickson (Archeology), Gary Hashizaki (Ocean Recreation), Hannah Bernard, Jeff Bagshaw, Ken Kawahara, Kuhea Paracuelles, Mona Kapaku, Nicole Davis, Pat Borge, Robert Lu‘uwai, and Sumner Erdman (Adjacent landowner). Mahalo also to previous Advisory Group members. Mahalo to members of the management plan Working Group (listed on the previous page), and subject matter experts who volunteered their time for working group or small group meetings, consultation or review: Alan Brown, Art Medeiros, Brad Hickle, Brooks Tamaye, Daniel Ornellas, Dave Sherrod, Eric Vuong, Hinano Rodrigues, Ku‘ulei Rogers, Liz Kumabe, Megan Dailer, Michael Jorgenson, Miguel Castrence, Paul Jokiel, Pauline Sato, Phil Ohta, Randy Awo, Russell Sparks, Scott Santos, Tanya Lee-Greig, and Yuko Stender. Thank you to the dedicated staff of the Division of Forestry and Wildlife who assisted in the planning process: Bryon Stevens, Danielle Kornfield, Emma Yuen, Fern Duvall, Iokepa Meno, Joe Fell-McDonald, Judy Edwards, Michelle Jones, Nicole Galasse, and Scott Fretz. Mahalo to The Nature Conservancy staff who contributed to this document: Dave Ziemann, Deb Matsukawa, Emily Fielding, Eric Conklin, Evelyn Wight, Jason Sumiye, John Parks, Kerri Fay, Manuel Mejia, Marion Ano, Roxie Sylva, Russell Amimoto, Sam Gon, and Stephanie Tom. Mahalo to the dedicated volunteers and members of the public who steadfastly advocate for the ‘Āhihi-Kīna‘u Natural Area Reserve. 3 ‘Āhihi-Kīna‘u Natural Area Reserve Draft Management Plan Table of Contents Forward Acknowledgements 2 List of Tables 5 List of Figures 6 Acronyms 7 How to Read This Plan 8 Plan Overview 9 1.0 RESERVE STATUS 13 1.1 Purpose and Need 13 1.2 Reserve Description and Setting 13 1.2.1 Geographic Setting 14 1.2.2 Geologic Setting 16 17 1.2.3 Biological Setting 17 1.2.4 Social, Economic and Cultural Setting 19 1.2.5 Physical Infrastructure Setting 21 1.3 Legacy of Protection 22 1.3.1 Management Context 22 1.3.2 Management History 25 1.4 What We’re Protecting 34 1.4.1 Anchialine Pool 35 1.4.2 Coastal Marine 38 1.4.3 Coral Reef Ecosystem 40 1.4.4 Cultural Landscape 44 1.4.5 Lava Flow 47 1.4.6 Native Shrubland 50 1.4.7 Wilderness Qualities 54 1.5 Critical Threats 56 1.5.1 Human Use 57 1.5.2 Alien Species and Other Biological Threats 60 1.5.3 Land-Based Impacts 62 1.5.4 Global Impacts 66 2.0 THE ACTION WE WILL TAKE 68 2.1 Analysis of Issues 68 2.2 Management Framework 70 2.2.1 Natural and Cultural Resources Focus 70 2.2.2 A Vision for the Reserve 70 2.2.3 Four Goals 70 2.2.4 Adaptive Management 71 2.3 Goals, Objectives and Strategic Actions 72 4 ‘Āhihi-Kīna‘u Natural Area Reserve Draft Management Plan 2.3.1 Goal 1. Build and Maintain the Reserve’s Management (M) Capacity 74 2.3.2 Goal 2. Manage Human (H) Use 77 2.3.3 Goal 3. Control Alien (A) Species and Other Biological Threats 82 2.3.4 Goal 4. Prevent Land-based (L) Impacts 86 2.3.5 Strategic Courses of Action and Use of Results Chains 90 2.4 Measuring Success 92 2.5 Sustainable Finance 96 Appendix 102 Glossary 110 References 112 Endnotes 120 List of Tables Table 1. The significance of the natural and cultural resources of the Reserve. .......................... 19 Table 2. Summary of the management recommendation from various plans and reports from 1977 to 2008.................................................................................................................................. 33 Table 3. Conservation targets........................................................................................................ 34 Table 4. Resource health ratings. .................................................................................................. 35 Table 5. Current status and threat ratings for anchialine pools.................................................... 38 Table 6. Current status and threat ratings for coastal marine. ..................................................... 40 Table 7. Current status and threat ratings for coral reef ecosystem. ........................................... 41 Table 8. Current status and threat ratings for the cultural landscape. ......................................... 46 Table 9. Current status and threat ratings for lava flow. .............................................................. 50 Table 10. A summary of some of the native and introduced plant species found in the Reserve (Hawai‘i Heritage Program 1989; Warshauer et al. 2008; 2008 observations). ........................... 53 Table 11. Current status and threat ratings for native shrubland. ............................................... 54 Table 12. Current status and threat ratings for wilderness qualities. ........................................... 55 Table 13. Reserve threat categories in relation to international categories from the CMP. ........ 57 Table 14. Comparison of number of annual visitors at some of Maui’s popular destinations. .... 57 Table 15. Threats to resources from human use. ......................................................................... 58 Table 16. Threats to resources from alien species and other biological threats. ......................... 61 Table 17. Threats to resources from land-based sources. ............................................................ 64 Table 18. Threats to resources from global impacts. .................................................................... 67 Table 19. Hawai‘i Revised Statutes [§195-1] ................................................................................. 70 Table 20. The four management goals. ......................................................................................... 71 Table 21. The prioritized 14 objectives and 43 strategic actions. ................................................. 72 Table 22. Reserve access and use summary.................................................................................. 77 Table 23. Summary of Results Chains strategies and its relationship to objectives, actions, and threats.
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