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James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge James Campbell 66-590 Kamehameha Highway, Room 2C Hale‘Iwa, Hawai‘I 96712 Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Environmental Plan Assessment Refuge Wildlife National James Campbell U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service O‘ahu National Wildlife Refuge Complex James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge James Campbell 66-590 Kamehameha Highway, Room 2C Hale‘iwa, Hawai‘i 96712 Phone: 808/637-6330 National Wildlife Refuge Fax: 808/637-3578 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment June 2011 Front Cover Photos Main: ‘Alae ‘ula ©Michael Walther Inset: ‘Ua‘u kani ©Michael Walther Ki‘i wetland and coastline/George Fisher, USFWS Ae‘o ©Michael Walther Honu hatchling Mike Silbernagle, USFWS Spring-fed Punamano¯ wetland/George Fisher, USFWS June 2011 Refuge Vision The largest protected wetland in Hawai‘i, James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge adorns O‘ahu’s north shore, providing a haven for native Hawaiian waterbirds and migratory birds from around the world. The coastal dunes offer sanctuary for nesting seabirds, honu, and ‘ı¯lio-holo-i-ka-uaua. Long-legged ae‘o dance on gentle breezes over the natural spring-fed Punamano¯ as the ‘alae ‘ula build their nests in the native sedges below. Water ripples follow the ‘alae ke‘oke‘o and koloa maoli as they glide across the marsh with their broods. Visitors discover, understand, and appreciate the rare fragile environments, cultural resources, and open spaces. The wetland absorbs floodwaters as a natural function of a dynamic, healthy ecosystem. Partners, neighbors, and community work together to protect and enhance these unique resources. Ka Nu‘ukia Aia i ka hui ‘A¯ ina Ho ‘omalu Holoholona Lo¯hiu ‘o James Campbell i Hawai‘i ka ‘a¯ina pa¯lielie nui loa ma ka ‘ao ‘ao ‘a¯kau ‘o O‘ahu, ko¯kua ho ‘i ke¯ia mau ‘a¯ina i na¯ manu kai Hawai‘i a me na¯ manu ne‘ekau mai ‘o¯ a ‘o¯ o ka honua. Ko¯kua ho ‘i a ha‘awi mai ho ‘i na¯ pu ‘e one ma na¯ lihi kahakai i kaianoho no na¯ manu e ho‘opu¯nana nei, na¯ honu a me na¯ ‘ı¯lio-holo-i-ka-uaua. ‘Olali ho‘i na¯ manu ae‘o wa¯wae lo¯‘ihi i na¯ makani aheahe e puhi ma¯lie ana ma luna o na¯ punawai ‘o Punamano¯ kahi a na¯ manu ‘alae ‘ula e ku¯kulu ana i ka¯ la¯kou mau pu¯nana ma na¯ mau ‘u wai ‘o¯iwi e ulu ana ma na¯ lihi wai. ‘Ale‘ale ho‘i na wai i ka pahe‘e ‘ana aku o ka manu ‘alae ke‘oke‘o a me ka manu koloa maoli ma luna o ka ili wai o na¯ ‘a¯ina na¯ele me ko¯ la¯kou mau ‘o¯hana manu. Mahalo no ho‘i na¯ malihini i ka ho‘omaopopo ‘ana, ka ‘ike ‘ana i ka po¯hea o na¯ ‘a¯ina ka¯ka ‘ikahi, na¯ waiwai ho‘oulu, a me na¯ kula nui ‘a¯kea o ke¯ia mau pa¯lielie. Ko¯kua ho‘i ke¯ia mau ‘a¯ina a me na¯ pa¯lielie ma ke omo ‘ana i na¯ wai ha¯lana he nui e like no me kekahi mea omo wai i loa‘a maoli no¯ me ke kukulu ‘ole ‘ia e kekahi, a e ‘ike pu¯ ho‘i la¯kou i na¯ ‘a¯ina no¯hona holoholo ola maika‘i. E hana like ho‘i na¯ hui ko¯kua, na¯ hoa noho, a me ke kaia¯ulu ma ka ma¯lama ‘ana i ke¯ia mau kumuwaiwai nui. ‘Alae ke‘oke‘o ©Caleb Slemmons Comprehensive Conservation Plans provide long-term guidance for management decisions and set forth goals, objectives, and strategies needed to accomplish refuge purposes and identify the Service’s best estimate of future needs. These plans detail program planning levels that are sometimes substantially above current budget allocations and, as such, are primarily for Service strategic planning and program prioritization purposes. The plans do not constitute a commitment for staffing increases, operational and maintenance increases, or funding for future land acquisition. James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Prepared by: O‘ahu National Wildlife Refuge Complex 66-590 Kamehameha Highway, Room 2C Hale‘iwa, Hawai‘i 96712 and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands Planning Team 300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 5-231 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96850 June 2011 James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Table of Contents Reader’s Guide ..................................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Proposed Action ................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.2 Purpose and Need for the CCP ........................................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Content and Scope of the CCP ........................................................................................... 1-3 1.4 Planning and Management Guidance ................................................................................ 1-4 1.4.1 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mission ...................................................................... 1-4 1.4.2 National Wildlife Refuge System ............................................................................... 1-4 1.4.3 National Wildlife Refuge System Mission and Goals ................................................ 1-4 1.4.4 National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act ............................................... 1-5 1.5 Relationship to Previous and Future Refuge Plans .......................................................... 1-6 1.5.1 Previous Plans ............................................................................................................. 1-6 1.5.2 Future Planning ........................................................................................................... 1-6 1.6 Refuge Establishment and Purposes .................................................................................. 1-7 1.6.1 General ........................................................................................................................ 1-7 1.6.2 James Campbell Establishment ................................................................................... 1-7 1.6.3 James Campbell Purpose ............................................................................................ 1-8 1.7 Refuge Goals ......................................................................................................................... 1-8 1.8 Relationship to Ecosystem Planning Efforts ................................................................... 1-10 1.9 Planning and Issue Identification ..................................................................................... 1-12 1.9.1 Issues to be Addressed in the Draft CCP .................................................................. 1-12 1.9.2 Issues Outside the Scope of the Draft CCP .............................................................. 1-12 Chapter 2. Alternatives, Goals, Objectives, and Strategies ......................................................... 2-1 2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Development of Alternatives ............................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Alternative Components Not Considered for Detailed Analysis ..................................... 2-1 2.3.1 Kahuku Airfield Restoration for Private Aircraft ....................................................... 2-1 2.3.2 Nonlethal Techniques to Remove Mammalian Predators ........................................... 2-2 2.3.3 Public Trapping and Hunting to Remove Non-native Mammalian Predators ............ 2-2 2.4 Elements Common to All Alternatives............................................................................... 2-2 2.4.1 Implementation Subject to Funding Availability ........................................................ 2-2 2.4.2 Interagency Coordination and Collaboration .............................................................. 2-2 2.4.3 Threatened and Endangered Species Protection and Recovery .................................. 2-2 2.4.4 Historic and Cultural Resource Protection ................................................................. 2-3 2.4.5 Fire Management ........................................................................................................ 2-4 2.4.6 Participation in Planning and Review of Regional Development Activities .............. 2-4 2.4.7 Adaptive Management ................................................................................................ 2-4 2.4.8 Integrated Pest Management ....................................................................................... 2-5 2.4.9 Law Enforcement ........................................................................................................ 2-5 2.5 Alternative Descriptions ...................................................................................................... 2-6 2.5.1 Alternative A: Continue Current Management ........................................................... 2-6 2.5.2 Alternative B: Partial Restoration and Management of Refuge Expansion Lands ..... 2-7 2.5.3 Alternative C: Full Restoration and Management of Refuge Expansion Lands ......... 2-7 Table of Contents i James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment 2.6 Goals, Objectives, Strategies, and Rationale ................................................................... 2-10 2.6.1 Goal 1. Protect and manage seasonal wetland habitats to meet the life-history needs of endangered waterbirds to promote
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