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Lake Ontario Lakewide Management Plan Status 2006 Is the Latest, Comprehensive Compilation of Existing Lamp Reports, and Replaces the 2004 Status

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Lake Ontario Lakewide Management Plan Status 2006 Is the Latest, Comprehensive Compilation of Existing Lamp Reports, and Replaces the 2004 Status LAKE ONTARIO LAKEWIDE MANAGEMENT PLAN STATUS APRIL 22, 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 STATE OF LAKE ONTARIO 1.1 Summary.......................................................................................................................................1-1 CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND 2.1 Summary.......................................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Introduction to Lake Ontario ........................................................................................................2-1 2.2.1 Climate.............................................................................................................................2-2 2.2.2 Physical Characteristics and Lake Processes ..................................................................2-2 2.2.3 Aquatic Communities ......................................................................................................2-3 2.2.4 Demographics and Economy of the Basin.......................................................................2-7 2.3 LaMP Background........................................................................................................................2-8 2.4 LaMP Structure and Processes......................................................................................................2-9 2.5 References...................................................................................................................................2-11 CHAPTER 3 ECOSYSTEM GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND INDICATORS 3.1 Summary ......................................................................................................................................3-1 3.2 Development of Lake Ontario Ecosystem Goals and Objectives .................................................3-1 3.2.1 Ecosystem Goals for Lake Ontario..................................................................................3-1 3.2.2 Ecosystem Objectives for Lake Ontario ..........................................................................3-1 3.3 Ecosystem Indicators ....................................................................................................................3-2 3.3.1 Critical Pollutant Indicators .............................................................................................3-3 3.3.2 Lower Foodweb Indicators ..............................................................................................3-9 3.3.3 Upper Foodweb Indicators...............................................................................................3-9 3.4 Cooperative Monitoring Progress Towards Meeting LaMP Goals and Indicators.....................3-15 3.5 Major 2003 Cooperative Monitoring Projects ............................................................................3-16 3.5.1 Lake Ontario Atmospheric Deposition Study (LOADS)...............................................3-17 3.5.2 Lake Ontario Lower Aquatic Foodweb Assessment (LOLA) .......................................3-17 3.5.3 Interagency Laboratory Comparison Study ...................................................................3-18 3.6 Other Indicator Initiatives...........................................................................................................3-19 3.7 Actions and Progress...................................................................................................................3-19 3.8 References...................................................................................................................................3-19 Lake Ontario LaMP i April 22, 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) CHAPTER 4 IDENTIFICATION OF BENEFICIAL USE IMPAIRMENT ASSESSMENTS 4.1 Summary.......................................................................................................................................4-1 4.2 Beneficial Use Impairments Defined by the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement ..................4-1 4.3 Beneficial Use Impairment Identification Process and Problem Definition.................................4-1 4.4 Beneficial Use Impairments in Lake Ontario ...............................................................................4-2 4.4.1 Restrictions on Fish and Wildlife Consumption..............................................................4-3 4.4.2 “Degradation of Wildlife Populations” and “Bird or Animal Deformities or Reproduction Problems”..................................................................................................4-6 4.4.3 Loss of Fish and Wildlife Habitat....................................................................................4-9 4.4.4 Degradation of Benthos .................................................................................................4-12 4.4.5 Degradation of Nearshore Phytoplankton Populations..................................................4-13 4.4.6 Degradation of Fish Populations....................................................................................4-15 4.5 Unimpaired Lakewide Beneficial Uses in Lake Ontario ............................................................4-18 4.5.1 Tainting of Fish and Wildlife Flavor .............................................................................4-18 4.5.2 Fish Tumors ...................................................................................................................4-19 4.5.3 Restrictions on Dredging Activities...............................................................................4-19 4.5.4 Eutrophication or Undesirable Algae.............................................................................4-20 4.5.5 Restrictions on Drinking Water Consumption, or Taste and Odor Problems................4-21 4.5.6 Beach Closings ..............................................................................................................4-22 4.5.7 Degradation of Aesthetics..............................................................................................4-23 4.5.8 Degradation of Zooplankton..........................................................................................4-24 4.5.9 Added Costs to Agriculture or Industry.........................................................................4-24 4.6 Actions and Progress...................................................................................................................4-24 4.7 References...................................................................................................................................4-25 CHAPTER 5 HABITAT ASSESSMENT AND RESTORATION 5.1 Summary.......................................................................................................................................5-1 5.2 Habitat Types of the Lake Ontario Basin......................................................................................5-1 5.2.1 Habitat Zones and Foodwebs...........................................................................................5-1 5.2.2 Nearshore Habitat............................................................................................................5-1 5.2.3 Offshore Habitat ..............................................................................................................5-2 5.2.4 Nearshore Wetlands.........................................................................................................5-2 5.2.5 Tributaries........................................................................................................................5-2 5.3 Current Status of Basin Habitat ....................................................................................................5-2 5.4 Ongoing Work ..............................................................................................................................5-4 5.4.1 Binational Activities........................................................................................................5-5 5.4.2 U.S. Activities..................................................................................................................5-6 5.4.3 Canadian Activities ........................................................................................................5-9 5.5 Actions and Progress...................................................................................................................5-10 5.6 References...................................................................................................................................5-11 Lake Ontario LaMP ii April 22, 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) CHAPTER 6 SOURCES AND LOADS OF CRITICAL POLLUTANTS 6.1 Summary.......................................................................................................................................6-1 6.2 Identifying Lakewide Problems and Critical Pollutants ...............................................................6-1 6.3 Lake Ontario Sources and Loadings Strategy...............................................................................6-2 6.4 Identifying Sources and Loadings of Critical Pollutants ..............................................................6-3 6.4.1 Data Sources and Limitations ..........................................................................................6-3 6.4.1.1 Sources Within the Lake Ontario Basin ..........................................................6-4
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