DOCSLIB.ORG

Phcogj.Com Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation of The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phcogj.Com Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation of The Pharmacogn J. 2020; 12(5): 967-976 A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Original Article www.phcogj.com Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation of the bark of Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. Jaya Kuruvilla1, M. Anilkumar2,* ABSTRACT Introduction: Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. is an important ethnomedicinal tree widely distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical areas and has been used as a source of herbal shampoo by the 1 2, local communities in many places of Kerala, India. It has been routinely used in the traditional Jaya Kuruvilla , M. Anilkumar * Ayurvedic medicines against cough, ulcers, cancer, skin diseases, pruritus, wounds and urinary 1Department of Botany, St. Xavier’s College, infections. Objective: The aim of this study was the pharmacognostical standardisation of G. Aluva-683102, Ernakulam, Kerala, INDIA. tiliifolia. Methods: Pharmacognostic evaluation of G.tiliifolia bark was carried out by usual 2Department of Botany, Union Christian macroscopic and microscopic examinations and phytochemical screening. In addition, the College, Aluva-683102, Ernakulam, Kerala, quantification of major phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, INDIA. saponins and carotenoids were carried out by standard procedures which can further throw Correspondence light on the medicinal use of this ethnobotanically important plant. Results: Anatomical studies M. Anilkumar revealed the presence of prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate and druses in the stem and Department of Botany, Union Christian bark. Mucilage cavities were observed only in the stem. Histochemical studies revealed that College, Aluva-683102, Ernakulam, Kerala, the tissues of phloem parenchyma are the main localising region of various phytoconstituents. INDIA. The physicochemical examinations along with the estimation of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, E-mail: [email protected] tannins, saponins and carotenoids will help in setting the pharmacopoeial standards of History G.tiliifolia. Conclusion: The present study provides useful information that will help in the • Submission Date: 16-05-2020; exact identification as well as assessment of purity of crude drugs ofG.tiliifoia . • Review completed: 01-06-2020; Key words: Grewia tiliifolia, Pharmacognostic studies, Physicochemical evaluation, • Accepted Date: 22-06-2020. Phytochemical screening, Quantification of phytoconstituents. DOI : 10.5530/pj.2020.12.137 Article Available online INTRODUCTION pyretic activities of G. tiliifolia leaves proved that the http://www.phcogj.com/v12/i5 aqueous extract has an effect comparable to that of The search for natural compounds of medical 6 Copyright paracetamol. Lupeol isolated from G. tiliifolia can importance has increased recently due to their 7 © 2020 Phcogj.Com. This is an open- cause apoptosis in many cancer cells. The presence of access article distributed under the terms minimal or no side effects, easy availability and lupeol and betulin were reported in three species of of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 affordable prize. However, in many instances Grewia viz G. bicolor and G. tiliifolia.4,8 The bark of International license. natural drugs pose chances of adulteration or this plant is used as a source of herbal shampoo by the substitution. Thus, pharmacognosy is of great local populations in many areas of Kerala, India, after significance in the exact identification of raw pressing and softening. Hence the present study has drug samples and also to distinguish them from been undertaken that describes its pharmacognostic adulterants or substitutes. In pharmacognostic standardisation via macroscopic and microscopic investigations, standardization and authentication characterization, physicochemical analysis and of natural drugs through phytochemical, phytochemical studies with special emphasis on the physicochemical and morphological studies are stem bark. usually conducted to ensure their identity. Such investigations are relevant to the pharmaceutical MATERIALS AND METHODS industries for quality control and in the field of Collection and authentication of plant pharmacological evaluation and development of formulations for various diseases. This will help material in maintaining the quality of herbal products and Fresh stem and bark of G. tiliifolia was collected from 1 their therapeutic efficacy. Muvattupuzha region of Ernakulam District, Kerala, Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. is an ethnomedicinally India. The taxonomic identification was done at the important plant belonging to the family Tiliaceae. Silviculture Department, Kerala Forest Research The plant has potential medicinal uses and β-sitosterol Institute (KFRI), Peechi and voucher specimen was and stigmasterol were identified from the stem bark.2,3 deposited with accession No. 13053. The mucilage and hot water extract ofG. tiliifolia bark Processing of plant material can be used as an antidote for opium poisoning.4 γ-lactones of hepatoprotective properties have been The present study focused on the stem and bark isolated from the stem bark of G. tiliifolia through of G. tiliifolia owing to its use as a source of herbal bioassay-directed fractionation and chromatography shampoo. The stem and bark of G. tiliifolia was washed of methanol extract.5 Study on analgesic and anti- well in running tap water followed by rinsing in Cite this article: Kuruvilla J, Anilkumar M. Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation of Phcogj.com the bark of Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. Pharmacogn J. 2020;12(5):967-76. 967 Pharmacognosy Journal, Vol 12, Issue 5, Sep-Oct, 2020 Kuruvilla, et al.: Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation of the bark of Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. double distilled water. Fresh specimen as well as specimen fixed in FAA extract was filtered and kept in water bath for 2 hours at 60ºC and was (Formalin – 10%, 70% Ethyl alcohol – 50%, Acetic acid – 5% + 35% used for further analysis. water) were used. For dry specimen preparation, they were chopped and shade dried to complete dryness. It was powdered using an electric Quantification of phytoconstituents blender and passed through a sieve of 60 mesh size to get fine powder. Total saponin content Pharmacognostic evaluation The total saponin content was determined based on the methodology of 24 Macroscopic evaluation Obadoni and Ochuko. 20g of grounded sample was taken in a conical flask and 100ml of 20% aqueous ethanol was added. It was heated on Morphological parameters are important taxonomic tools for the a hot water bath for 4 hours by stirring continuously at a temperature identification of plant species. The morphological characterization of of 55ºc. This mixture was filtered and the residue was extracted with whole plant, particularly leaves, flowers and stem were noted. another 200ml of 20% ethanol. Both the extracts were mixed together º Microscopic evaluation and were reduced to 40ml by keeping in a hot water bath at 90 c. It was then transferred into a 250ml separating funnel. 20ml of diethyl Anatomical studies - Both free hand sections and microtome sections ether was added and shaken thoroughly. The aqueous layer obtained were taken to study the diagnostic anatomical characters of the bark. was taken and ether layer was discarded. This purification process was repeated many times. 60ml of n-butanol was added and the combined Hand sectioning - Fresh materials were used for free hand sections extract of n-butanol was washed twice with 10ml of 5% aqueous sodium and single staining was done with safranin and toludene blue O and 9 chloride. The remaining solution was heated in a water bath and after photomicrographs were taken. evaporation the samples were dried in an oven. The dried quantity was Microtome sectioning - The bark specimens fixed in FAA were weighed and saponin content was calculated as percentage. dehydrated by passing through a graded series of tertiary butyl alcohol % of saponin ꞊ Weight of saponins x 100 / Weight of sample (TBA).10 The sections were dewaxed with xylene, passed through ethyl alcohol series and then stained with safranin.11 Total alkaloid content Scanning electron microscopic studies The total alkaloid content was estimated based on the methodology of Khadabadi et al.25 5g of powdered sample was mixed with 50ml of The cell inclusions were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. 10% sodium hydroxide and sonicated for 10 minutes. 50ml chloroform A modified methodology proposed by Talbot and White was used for 12 was added and sonicated for 10 minutes. This was filtered and 50ml the preparation of specimens. The photomicrographs were taken using chloroform was added and sonicated. This was filtered and then taken TESCAN VEGA 3 SBH scanning electron microscope. in a separating funnel. The lower chloroform layer was taken and Histochemical localization studies upper layer was discarded. 50ml of distilled water was added to the chloroform layer, shaken and the lower layer was collected. This process Temporary mounts of fresh plant sections were used for histochemical was repeated one more time. To the collected layer, 50ml of IN HCl was localization studies. Free hand sections of stem/bark were taken added and lower layer was collected. This was repeated again and to and treated with respective reagents to localize the components. the collected layer, 30ml of 30% ammonia solution was added. The lower Histochemical localization was carried out with various reagents viz. separated layer was collected in a pre-weighed beaker. It was kept in water 11 13 Lugol’s iodine for starch
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rain Forest Expansion Mediated by Successional Processes in Vegetation Thickets in the Western Ghats of India
    Journal of Biogeography, 30, 1067–1080 Rain forest expansion mediated by successional processes in vegetation thickets in the Western Ghats of India Jean-Philippe Puyravaud*, Ce´line Dufour and Subramanian Aravajy French Institute of Pondicherry, Pondicherry, India Abstract Aim The objective of this study was to document succession from grassland thickets to rain forest, and to provide evidence for their potential as restoration tools. Location The Linganamakki region (State of Karnataka) of the Central Western Ghats of India. Method We selected thirty vegetation thickets ranging from 4 to 439 m2 in area in the vicinity of rain forest. The area of each small thicket was estimated as an oval using its maximum length and its maximum width. When the shape was irregular (mostly in large thickets) the limits of the thicket were mapped and the area calculated from the map. Plant species were identified, the number of individuals was estimated and their heights measured. Results There was a progression in the thickets from early to late successional species. Small thickets were characterized by ecotone species and savanna trees such as Catun- aregam dumetorum. Savanna trees served as a nucleus for thicket formation. Colonizing species were mostly bird-dispersed. As succession proceeded in larger thickets, the proportion of evergreen, late-successional rain forest trees increased. The species com- position of the large thickets differed depending on the species composition of repro- ductive adults in the nearby forested areas. The species within small thickets were also found in the large thickets. The nestedness in species composition suggested that species turnover was deterministic based on thicket size.
    [Show full text]
  • Asia Regional Synthesis for the State of the World?
    REGIONAL SYNTHESIS REPORTS ASIA REGIONAL SYNTHESIS FOR THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ASIA REGIONAL SYNTHESIS FOR THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME, 2019 Required citation: FAO. 2019. Asia Regional Synthesis for The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture. Rome. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-132041-9 © FAO, 2019 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/ legalcode/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services.
    [Show full text]
  • Selection of Candidate Plus Trees (Cpts) in Grewia Tiliifolia Vahl
    Kanna et al. AvailableInd. J. Pure online App. Biosci. at www.ijpab.com (2020) 8(1), 380 -385 ISSN: 2582 – 2845 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.7552 ISSN: 2582 – 2845 Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2020) 8(1), 380-385 Research Article Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Open Access Journal Selection of Candidate Plus Trees (CPTs) in Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. S. Umesh Kanna*, N. Krishnakumar and G. Usharani Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 6.06.2019 | Revised: 14.07.2019 | Accepted: 23.07.2019 ABSTRACT Investigations were carried out in Grewia tiliifolia genetic resources to elicit information on identification of Candidate Plus Trees (CPTs). A total of twenty Candidate Plus Trees of Grewia tiliifolia have been selected from the predominant growing areas of Southern India viz., Karnataka, Kerala, Telangana and Tamil Nadu by comparison check tree method. The trees were selected based on comparative superiority of selected trees for growth attributes viz., height, girth at breast height (GBH), and crown width. Keywords: Candidate Plus tree, Grewia, Southern India, CPTs, Comparison check tree method INTRODUCTION area in the world, India supports more than 15 Indian forests have undergone a tremendous per cent of the world’s population. The mean change in the past few decades and are annual increment (MAI) of Indian Forest is presently under a great threat. The excessive meager of 0.5 - 0.7 m3 ha-1 compared to the use of forests resources leading to forest global average of 2.1 m3 ha-1 (Srivastava, degradation, which may become irreversible if 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Check List Lists of Species Check List 11(4): 1718, 22 August 2015 Doi: ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors
    11 4 1718 the journal of biodiversity data 22 August 2015 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 11(4): 1718, 22 August 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.4.1718 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors Tree species of the Himalayan Terai region of Uttar Pradesh, India: a checklist Omesh Bajpai1, 2, Anoop Kumar1, Awadhesh Kumar Srivastava1, Arun Kumar Kushwaha1, Jitendra Pandey2 and Lal Babu Chaudhary1* 1 Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 226 001, Lucknow, India 2 Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, 221 005, Varanasi, India * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The study catalogues a sum of 278 tree species and management, the proper assessment of the diversity belonging to 185 genera and 57 families from the Terai of tree species are highly needed (Chaudhary et al. 2014). region of Uttar Pradesh. The family Fabaceae has been The information on phenology, uses, native origin, and found to exhibit the highest generic and species diversity vegetation type of the tree species provide more scope of with 23 genera and 44 species. The genus Ficus of Mora- such type of assessment study in the field of sustainable ceae has been observed the largest with 15 species. About management, conservation strategies and climate change 50% species exhibit deciduous nature in the forest. Out etc. In the present study, the Terai region of Uttar Pradesh of total species occurring in the region, about 63% are has been selected for the assessment of tree species as it native to India.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Report on Bio-Prospecting
    Final Report Project Code: 2014MC14 Bio prospecting of the local wild edible varieties to address the issue of malnourishment in Palghar district Prepared for JSW Steel Ltd. © The Energy and Resources Institute 2011 Team Members Principal Investigator Dr. Anjali Parasnis Associate Director, TERI- WRC Co-Principal Investigator Mr. Yatish Lele Research Associate, TERI- WRC Team Members Ms. Swati Tomar, Associate Fellow, TERI- WRC Ms. Bhargavi Thorve, Research Associate, TERI- WRC Mr. Pradeep Dahiya, Senior Web Developer, TERI Mr. Varun Pandey, Web Developer, TERI Ms. Pranali Chavan, Project consultant, TERI- WRC For more information Dr. Anjali Parasnis The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) E-mail [email protected] Western Regional Centre (WRC) India +91•Mumbai (0) 22 318 Raheja Arcade, Sector 11, Tel. 27580021 or 40241615 Belapur CBD, Navi Mumbai, Fax 27580022 Maharashtra, India Web www.teriin.org Bio prospecting of the local wild edible varieties to address the issue of malnourishment in Palghar district (Phase II) Acknowledgements At the outset, TERI would like to thank JSW Steel Ltd. for all the financial support for carrying out the project and express its sincere gratitude to Mr. Mukund Gorakhshkar, General Manager- CSR, JSW Steel Ltd and Mr. Rakesh Kumar Sharma, Deputy General Manager- CSR, JSW Steel Ltd. for giving us an opportunity to work with their esteemed organization. TERI further thank the help extended by Mr. Sanjay Goel, Unit head, Vashind works; Mr. Shekhar Adak, Deputy Manager- Horticulture and Mr. Vishesh Thakore, Manager- Projects from JSW Vashind Works for all the help extended towards setting up of the wild edible plant nursery at JSW Vashind Works, Vashind, Thane.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Diversity in the Tribal Homegardens of Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Western Ghats
    Bioscience Discovery, 5(1):99-111, Jan. 2014 © RUT Printer and Publisher (http://jbsd.in) ISSN: 2229-3469 (Print); ISSN: 2231-024X (Online) Received: 07-10-2013, Revised: 11-12-2013, Accepted: 01-01-2014e Full Length Article Vascular Plant Diversity in the Tribal Homegardens of Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Western Ghats Mary Suba S, Ayun Vinuba A and Kingston C Department of Botany, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India - 629 003. [email protected] ABSTRACT We investigated the vascular plant species composition of homegardens maintained by the Kani tribe of Kanyakumari wildlife sanctuary and encountered 368 plants belonging to 290 genera and 98 families, which included 118 tree species, 71 shrub species, 129 herb species, 45 climber and 5 twiners. The study reveals that these gardens provide medicine, timber, fuelwood and edibles for household consumption as well as for sale. We conclude that these homestead agroforestry system serve as habitat for many economically important plant species, harbour rich biodiversity and mimic the natural forests both in structural composition as well as ecological and economic functions. Key words: Homegardens, Kani tribe, Kanyakumari wildlife sanctuary, Western Ghats. INTRODUCTION Homegardens are traditional agroforestry systems Jeeva, 2011, 2012; Brintha, 2012; Brintha et al., characterized by the complexity of their structure 2012; Arul et al., 2013; Domettila et al., 2013a,b). and multiple functions. Homegardens can be Keeping the above facts in view, the present work defined as ‘land use system involving deliberate intends to study the tribal homegardens of management of multipurpose trees and shrubs in Kanyakumari wildlife sanctuary, southern Western intimate association with annual and perennial Ghats.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Press, Vol. 22, No. 1
    THE PLANT PRESS Department of Botany & the U.S. National Herbarium New Series - Vol. 22 - No. 1 January-March 2019 Asexuality as a detour, not a dead end By Kathryn Picard istorically, asexuality has been seen by evolutionary homoplasy due to shared ecological habits can mask—or, al- biologists as a short-term solution to a long-term ternatively, falsely suggest—hybridization and/or speciation. Hproblem, with any temporary competitive advantages Yet, for the overwhelming majority of fern specimens housed derived from eschewing sex eventually overshadowed by the in herbaria, these data are not available. The primary goal of absence of mechanisms to increase genotypic diversity. Yet, de- my postdoctoral work is to apply classical spore analysis tech- spite its ostensible limitations, asexuality is a widespread repro- niques to the fern collections in the United States National ductive strategy, especially among ferns where it is generally Herbarium to establish both reproductive mode and ploidy manifested as apomixis. level estimates for the most diverse fern order, Polypodiales. Apomictic ferns deviate from the typical fern sexual life Comprising approximately 80% of extant fern species, the cycle in two ways: 1) the production of unreduced spores Polypodiales lineage is distributed globally and exhibits myr- through meiosis, and 2) the development of an adult fern (spo- iad morphologies corresponding to an equally broad range of rophyte) from the somatic tissue of the free-living gametophyte ecological habits. Unifying these otherwise disparate taxa is without the fusion of sperm and egg. For the few fern lineages the generally consistent production of 64 spores per sporan- that have been studied, approximately 10% of species have been gium in sexually reproducing individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • View Profile
    Academic Profile Mayur D. Nandikar M.Sc., M. Phil, Ph.D. (Botany) SCOPUS ID: 36495332200; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8626-3669 Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mayur_Nandikar3 Research Interest: Flowering plant Taxonomy and cytology; nomenclature; biodiversity and conservation; botanical history. Email: [email protected] Phone: 09421969757 Educational Qualification: • Bachelor of Science (B. Sc.): Passing Year 2005: Percentage obtained 63% (Shivaji University, Kolhapur). • Master of Science (M. Sc.): Passing Year 2007: Percentage obtained 76% (Sathaye College, University of Mumbai). • Master of Philosophy (M. Phil.): Passing Year 2009: Class B, Awarded (Shivaji University, Kolhapur). Cytomorphological Studies in Commelinaceae. • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D): Passing Year 2013: Awarded (Shivaji University, Kolhapur). Taxonomic Revision of Indian Spiderwort (Commelinaceae). http://hdl.handle.net/10603/130839 Research/ teaching Experiences: Present: Scientist at Naoroji Godrej Centre for Plant Research (NGCPR), Shirwal, Maharashtra, INDIA since March 2015. 1. Post-doctoral Fellow: For the year 2013-2015 UGC-Dr. D. S. Kothari Post-Doctoral Fellowship at Goa University, Goa on ‘Taxonomic Revision of the genus Grewia in India’ 2. Research/ teaching experience of total 6 years in Plant taxonomy and conservation 2 years of Part Time teaching experience in the Degree Colleges affiliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur during the year 2007-2008 and 2012-2013. 3. July 2009 – August 2012: Research Fellow for Rajiv Gandhi Science & Technology Commission funded Project entitled “Digitized inventory of Medicinal plants of Maharashtra” sanctioned to Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, INDIA. 4. July 2007 – Feb. 2008: Worked as a lecturer in BOTANY at Doodhsakhar Mahavidylaya, Bidri, Kolhapur, INDIA. 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India
    Science Research Reporter, 5(1):36-66, (April - 2015) © RUT Printer and Publisher Online available at http://jsrr.net ISSN: 2249-2321 (Print); ISSN: 2249-7846 (Online) Research Article Vascular Plants, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India Thankappan Sarasabai Shynin Brintha, James Edwin James and Solomon Jeeva* Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Research Centre in Botany, Nagercoil – 629 003, Tamilnadu, India *[email protected] Article Info Abstract Received: 10-03-2015, The biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of urban environments is receiving increasing attention from ecologists. In this context we inventoried the vascular Revised: 27-03-2015, plant diversity of Scott Christian College campus which harbours part of the Accepted: 01-04-2015 natural vegetation of Nagercoil city, Tamilnadu, India. A total of 670 plant species including 651 flowering plants and 19 non-flowering plants, belonging Keywords: to 450 genera and 125 families were enumerated. The family Poaceae was the most species-diverse (60), followed by Euphorbiaceae (37), Fabaceae (35), Vascular Plants, Biodiversity, Acanthaceae (30), Asteraceae (27), Rubiaceae (24), Araceae (21), Malvaceae Ecosystem, Flowering plants, (20), Caesalpiniaceae (19), Amaranthaceae and Apocynaceae (17 each), Conservation Moraceae (16), Convolvulaceae and Mimosaceae (14 each) Verbenaceae (13), Cucurbitaceae (11), Bignoniaceae, Solanaceae and Asclepiadaceae (10 each), the other families sharing the rest of the species. The results of this study provide insights into the importance of urban green space and greatly help in urban conservation planning and management. INTRODUCTION and further reflects both anthropogenic and natural Biodiversity reflects variety and variability disturbances (Pollock, 1997; Ward, 1998). within and among living organisms, their Therefore, floristic characteristics and biodiversity associations and habitat-oriented ecological patterns are often influenced by environmental complexes.
    [Show full text]
  • Relationship Between Annual Rainfall and Tree Mortality in a Tropical Dry Forest: Results of a 19-Year Study at Mudumalai, Southern India
    Forest Ecology and Management 259 (2010) 762–769 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Relationship between annual rainfall and tree mortality in a tropical dry forest: Results of a 19-year study at Mudumalai, southern India H.S. Suresh a, H.S. Dattaraja a, R. Sukumar a,b,* a Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India b Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Variability in rainfall is known to be a major influence on the dynamics of tropical forests, especially rates Received 6 April 2009 and patterns of tree mortality. In tropical dry forests a number of contributing factors to tree mortality, Received in revised form 28 August 2009 including dry season fire and herbivory by large herbivorous mammals, could be related to rainfall Accepted 15 September 2009 patterns, while loss of water potential in trees during the dry season or a wet season drought could also result in enhanced rates of death. While tree mortality as influenced by severe drought has been Keywords: examined in tropical wet forests there is insufficient understanding of this process in tropical dry forests. Forest dynamics We examined these causal factors in relation to inter-annual differences in rainfall in causing tree Climate variability mortality within a 50-ha Forest Dynamics Plot located in the tropical dry deciduous forests of Drought Tropical dry forest Mudumalai, southern India, that has been monitored annually since 1988. Over a 19-year period (1988– Western Ghats 2007) mean annual mortality rate of all stems >1 cm dbh was 6.9 Æ 4.6% (range = 1.5–17.5%); mortality rates broadly declined from the smaller to the larger size classes with the rates in stems >30 cm dbh being among the lowest recorded in tropical forest globally.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytogeographical Affinities of Tree Species of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, India Manas R. MOHANTA, Anil K. BISWAL, Su
    Available online: www.notulaebiologicae.ro Print ISSN 2067-3205; Electronic 2067-3264 AcademicPres Not Sci Biol, 2018, 10(3):354-362. DOI: 10.15835/nsb10310216 Notulae Scientia Biologicae Original Article Phytogeographical Affinities of Tree Species of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, India Manas R. MOHANTA, Anil K. BISWAL, Sudam C. SAHU* North Orissa University, Department of Botany, Baripada 757003 , India ; [email protected] (*corresponding author) Abstract The phytogeography of Similipal Biosphere Reserve (SBR), Odisha, India, reveals very interesting information on distribution of tree species. Phytogeographical affinities of tree species of SBR has been analysed by obtaining the information about the species distribution at local and global scale. A total of 240 tree species were recorded and their phytogeographical affinities were compiled with different countries of the globe. An analysis of the affinities revealed that SBR has strong affinity with Sri-Lanka (46.66%) and Myanmar (45.83%) followed by China, Malaysia, Thailand, Australia and Africa. SBR has also affinity with Himalayan vegetation possessing several trees and orchids find distribution in both the areas. The phytogeographical affinity of SBR supports the migration, establishment and naturalization of flora from/to SBR. This hypothesis needs further study for biogeographical mapping of Indian sub-continent. Keywords: Biogeographical mapping; conservation of species; distribution of trees; ecological implications; Indian sub- continent Abbreviations: SBR - Similipal Biosphere Reserve Introduction parts of the world. The fl oristic elements of India share the predominant affinities with the Indo -Malayan elements. It In recent time, remarkable changes have been observed has also affinities with Afro-Tropical and Tropical- Asian in the environment due to both man-made and natural elements (Daniel and Nair, 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • TILIACEAE 1. TILIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 514. 1753
    TILIACEAE 椴树科 duan shu ke Tang Ya (唐亚)1; Michael G. Gilbert2, Laurence J. Dorr3 Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves simple, alternate or rarely opposite, basally veined, entire or serrate, sometimes lobed; stipule, when present, caducous or persistent. Inflorescences cymose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers bisexual or unisexual (plants dioecious), actinomorphic. Bracts caducous or sometimes large and persistent. Sepals (4 or)5, free or sometimes basally connate, valvate. Petals as many as sepals, sometimes absent, free, usually glandular on adaxial surface. Androgynophore present or absent. Stamens numerous, rarely 5, free or connate into fascicles at base; anthers 2-loculed, dehiscence longitudinal or apical; petaloid staminodes alternating with petals or absent. Ovary superior, 2–6-loculed, sometimes more; ovules 1 to many per locule; placentation axile; style simple, sometimes free; stigma acute or peltate, usually lobed. Fruit usually a drupe, capsule, or schizocarp, sometimes a berry or samara, 2–10-loculed. Seeds without aril; endosperm copious; embryo erect; cotyledons flat. About 52 genera and ca. 500 species: primarily in tropical and subtropical areas; 11 genera and 70 species (32 endemic) in China. Molecular data have shown that the members of the Tiliaceae as here defined fall clearly into four clades that can either be treated as subfamilies within an enlarged Malvaceae or as families in their own right. In this view the Tiliaceae/Tilioideae is restricted to Tilia and Craigia, along with the Central American Mortoniodendron Standley & Steyermark; Colona, Corchorus, Grewia, Microcos, and Triumfetta are placed in the Sparrman- niaceae/Grewioideae; Berrya and Diplodiscus are placed in the Brownlowiaceae/Brownlowioideae; and Burretiodendron and Excentrodendron form a basal group of uncertain placement, possibly most closely allied to the Pentapetaceae/Dombeyoideae which includes mostly genera here placed in the Sterculiaceae.
    [Show full text]