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Vascular Plants, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India

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Vascular Plants, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India Science Research Reporter, 5(1):36-66, (April - 2015) © RUT Printer and Publisher Online available at http://jsrr.net ISSN: 2249-2321 (Print); ISSN: 2249-7846 (Online) Research Article Vascular Plants, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India Thankappan Sarasabai Shynin Brintha, James Edwin James and Solomon Jeeva* Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Research Centre in Botany, Nagercoil – 629 003, Tamilnadu, India *[email protected] Article Info Abstract Received: 10-03-2015, The biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of urban environments is receiving increasing attention from ecologists. In this context we inventoried the vascular Revised: 27-03-2015, plant diversity of Scott Christian College campus which harbours part of the Accepted: 01-04-2015 natural vegetation of Nagercoil city, Tamilnadu, India. A total of 670 plant species including 651 flowering plants and 19 non-flowering plants, belonging Keywords: to 450 genera and 125 families were enumerated. The family Poaceae was the most species-diverse (60), followed by Euphorbiaceae (37), Fabaceae (35), Vascular Plants, Biodiversity, Acanthaceae (30), Asteraceae (27), Rubiaceae (24), Araceae (21), Malvaceae Ecosystem, Flowering plants, (20), Caesalpiniaceae (19), Amaranthaceae and Apocynaceae (17 each), Conservation Moraceae (16), Convolvulaceae and Mimosaceae (14 each) Verbenaceae (13), Cucurbitaceae (11), Bignoniaceae, Solanaceae and Asclepiadaceae (10 each), the other families sharing the rest of the species. The results of this study provide insights into the importance of urban green space and greatly help in urban conservation planning and management. INTRODUCTION and further reflects both anthropogenic and natural Biodiversity reflects variety and variability disturbances (Pollock, 1997; Ward, 1998). within and among living organisms, their Therefore, floristic characteristics and biodiversity associations and habitat-oriented ecological patterns are often influenced by environmental complexes. All types of flora and fauna are factors and anthropogenic disturbances (Hong, elements of biodiversity and influenced by various 1999; Liu et al., 2009). Conservation of biodiversity climatic conditions such as temperature, availability is essential for the proper functioning of ecosystems of moisture in the form of humidity and and for the maintenance of the environmental precipitation, and variation in physiographical services they provide (Lopez-del-Toro et al., 2010). conditions – soil, altitude, slope, etc. (Arul et al., However, high rates of tropical deforestation and 2013; Ghildiyal and Juyal, 2012; Suba et al., 2014; habitat destruction frequently cause the local Sukumaran and Parthiban, 2014). The great wealth extinction of plant and animal species. India, of biological diversity in tropical regions is due to blessed with high biological diversity, is one of the the myriad environmental conditions existing there. 12 megadiverse countries and lodges two of the Interest in biodiversity has recently increased in eight hottest hotspots of global biodiversity. Major response to the damage caused to ecosystems by wilderness areas include the Western Ghats, Eastern anthropogenic activities (Merigot et al. 2007). It is Ghats, tropical dry evergreen forests of peninsular well known that floristic composition is determined India and Eastern Himalayas (Parthasarathy et al., by environmental factors (Ayyappan and 2010; Suba et al., 2014; Sukumaran and Parthiban, Parthasarathy, 1999); however, the composition 2014). influences biodiversity patterns at regional scales http://jsrr.net 36 ISSN: 2249-7846 (Online) Thankappan Sarasabai et al., Urbanization is one of the major reasons for The scenic college campus harbours native the destruction of the natural vegetation. This tropical vegetation, coconut groves and plantations; ongoing growth of urban agglomerations leads to there are still portions of the campus with native far-reaching changes in biodiversity, including the vegetation of tropical dry evergreen forest, tropical loss of forests and other natural areas (Kumar et al., dry evergreen scrub, scrub savannah and thorn 2010; Von der Lippe and Kowarik, 2007; 2008). forests. The campus plant wealth and biodiversity is Urbanized areas can also harbour a high number of augmented by the plant wealth in the arboretum. threatened species (Sodhi et al., 2010). Nagercoil The arboretum is endowed with some of the rare, city, a fast-growing urban space in the southernmost endemic and endangered plants of the Western district of peninsular India, still harbours some Ghats. The medicinal garden has a large number of patches of tropical dry evergreen forests. It is medicinal plants, used in the traditional medicinal necessary to document the floristic wealth and also system of Kanyakumari district. to identify those plant species that are in urgent Historically, the campus had tropical dry need of conservation, as Nagercoil city is highly evergreen forest patches, tropical dry scrub jungles disturbed by habitat alteration. Moreover, before and dry savannas. The picturesque landscape was implementing any conservation strategy it is of modified over three decades by anthropogenic utmost necessity to understand the existing activities. The varied topography, moderate rainfall vegetation profile and to select the appropriate and favourable agro-climatic conditions are species for urban greening. With this background, responsible for the high species diversity in the the present study was intended to assess the campus. The Parvathipuram channel flowing to the untapped floral resources and prepare a floral west of the campus, is an aesthetic attraction. The inventory of Scott Christian College campus, bamboo thickets near the medicinal garden, avenue Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India. Some of the rare trees along the road and ornamental plants in front species are being sheltered in this campus. of the chapel add charm to the campus. Photographs of the natural remnant MATERIALS AND METHODS vegetations and plantations are provided in Figure Study site 3. Patches of forest floor remain moist during and An ancient seat of higher learning and knowledge, following the rains and are clothed with green Scott Christian College was established in the year carpet of the leafy moss include, Barbula javanica 1809, situated in Nagercoil (8°10´57.49´´N and Dozy & Molk., Bryum cellulare Hook., Hyophila 77°24´23.00´´E; elev 59msl), the capital of involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeger and Semibarbula ranuii Kanyakumari district, Tamilnadu, India (Figure 1). Gangulee. The west of the campus is fenced with The total area of the college is about 42 acres, thorny plants which supports a high faunal diversity which falls near the foothills of Western Ghats, and also harbours some medicinally important which is one of the hottest hotspots of biodiversity climbers. Pteridophytes occur frequently along the of the world. The climate of Kanyakumari district is water courses, enriching the floral wealth of the warm and humid. Summer extends from March to campus. Furthermore, in moist soil and May, which is followed by southwest monsoon decomposing litter, diverse species of fungi occur as from June to September. October and November ephemerals. are post-monsoon or retreating monsoon season Data collection with frequent thunderstorms. The northeast The task of inventorying the plant diversity monsoon season extending from December to of Scott Christian College campus was undertaken February is generally rainy and the other months are systematically and intensively from August 2011 to bright. The mean annual rainfall was 167.64 mm July 2013, to cover most species in flowering and and varied from 70 mm (minimum during February) fruiting stages and also to cover various seasons. to 442 mm (maximum - October) during the period Plant species were identified using regional floras of study. No rainfall was recorded in the month of (Gamble, 1921-1935; Nair et al., 1983; Henry et al., January. The mean monthly temperature varied 1987; 1989; Mathew, 1991). Angiosperm from a maximum of 32.6°C in the month of May to phylogeny group II was followed to classify the a minimum of 22.5°C in December (Figure 2). species. For all documented species, the binomial Campus biodiversity and author citation were checked thoroughly with International Plant Name Index (IPNI). http://jsrr.net 37 ISSN: 2249-7846 (Online) Science Research Reporter, 5(1): 36-66, (April - 2015) Well-preserved specimens with voucher numbers sinensis, Jatropha gossypifolia, Kalanchoe pinnata, were deposited in the Herbarium of the Department Lantana camara, Lawsonia inermis, Millingtonia of Botany and Research Centre, Scott Christian hortensis, Mirabilis jalapa, Plumeria rubra, College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, Quisqualis indica, Ravenala madagascariensis, India. Rhoeo discolor, Albizia saman, Tagetes erecta, T. patula and Tecoma stans. These plant species had RESULTS AND DISCUSSION been planted for the ornamentation of residential The qualitative floristic survey revealed the and departmental compounds of the college presence of 670 plant species which include 651 campus. Several of the exotics are edible fruit- flowering plants and 19 non-flowering plants, producing plants of the college campus. These are belonging to 450 genera and 125 families. Plant represented by Annona squamosa, Artocarpus binomial, family, life form and common names are communis, Carica papaya, Manilkara zapota, provided in Table 1. The most diverse families in Morus alba, Passiflora
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