Flora of China 12: 251–258. 2007.

6. Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 964. 1753. 扁担杆属 bian dan gan shu Trees or shrubs. Branchlets usually stellate. Leaves alternate; stipule minute, caducous; petiole short; leaf blade basal veins 3–5, margin serrate or rarely lobed. Flowers bisexual, polygamous, or unisexual ( monoecious), usually arranged in 3- to many- flowered cymes, solitary or fascicled, axillary or opposite leaves, rarely terminal. Peduncle and pedicel usually hairy. Bracts cadu- cous. 5, yellow, white, or lilac, rarely brown, free, valvate, abaxially hairy, adaxially usually glabrous, rarely hairy. Petals 5, mostly yellow or white in Flora area, shorter than sepals; glands usually scalelike, borne on base of petals, margin usually villous. Androgynophore short, usually glabrous. many, free, irregular in length; anthers globose, dorsifixed, dehiscence longitu- dinal. Ovary 2–4-loculed; ovules 2–8 per locule; style simple; swollen, peltate, entire or 2–4-lobed. Drupe usually with 2 or 4 drupelets. Endosperm copious; cotyledons flat.

About 90 species: tropical regions of Old World; 27 species (13 endemic) in China. Grewia nitida Jussieu (Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4: 90. 1804) could not be treated here because no material was seen by the authors.

Grewia salviifolia Linnaeus f. is the basionym of salviifolium (Linnaeus f.) Wangerin in the Alangiaceae (see Fl. China 13: 307. 2007). 1a. Ovary and drupe globose, not lobed; drupelets 1 or 2 per fruit. 2a. Climbing lianas; leaf blade oblong or lanceolate, base cordate, abaxially subglabrous ...... 5. G. kwangtungensis 2b. Erect shrubs or trees; leaf blade broadly ovate-orbicular to ovate-oblong, base oblique or symmetrically rounded, abaxially tomentose, rarely glabrous. 3a. Leaf blade base oblique. 4a. Leaf blade abaxially densely softly stellate tomentose; cymes in clusters of 1–3 ...... 1. G. eriocarpa 4b. Leaf blade abaxially sparsely pilose or subglabrous; cymes in clusters of 2–6 ...... 4. G. tiliifolia 3b. Leaf blade base symmetrical, rounded. 5a. Petiole 5–10 mm, leaf blade broadly ovate, 4.5–6 cm wide; drupe 6–8 mm in diam...... 2. G. celtidifolia 5b. Petiole 3–4 mm, leaf blade nearly orbicular, 7.5–10 cm wide; drupe 4–5 mm in diam...... 3. G. yinkiangensis 1b. Ovary and drupe obviously 2–4-lobed, lobes ± globose, each with 1 drupelet. 6a. Leaf blade ovate, rhomboid, suborbicular, or obovate-elliptic, base oblique or symmetrical, lateral basal veins ascending beyond middle of blade. 7a. Leaf blade abaxially glabrescent or sparsely pilose, never tomentose. 8a. Leaf blade margin serrulate, leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic or suborbicular ...... 7. G. biloba 8b. Leaf blade margin serrate or irregularly serrate, leaf blade rhomboid, ovate, or elliptic. 9a. Leaf blade 2–4.5 cm wide, rhomboid or ovate; branchlets rust-brown stellate tomentose ...... 6. G. rhombifolia 9b. Leaf blade 1–2 cm wide, ovate or elliptic; branchlets sparsely stellate hairy ...... 8. G. piscatorum 7b. Leaf blade abaxially tomentose, coarsely hairy or pilose. 10a. Leaf blade adaxially glabrous or softly hairy. 11a. Leaf blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic, margin crenate, branchlets softly yellow tomentose .... 9. G. angustisepala 11b. Leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, margin denticulate; branchlets glabrescent ...... 27. G. multiflora 10b. Leaf blade adaxially coarsely hairy. 12a. Leaf blade longer than 10 cm, base regular. 13a. Erect shrubs or small trees; leaf blade 21–28 cm ...... 10. G. permagna 13b. Climbing shrubs; leaf blade 8–13 cm ...... 11. G. acuminata 12b. Leaf blade shorter than 10 cm, base regular or oblique. 14a. Leaf blade ovate-orbicular or elliptic, 2–3 cm wide ...... 7. G. biloba 14b. Leaf orbicular or broadly ovate-orbicular, 4–9 cm wide. 15a. Cymes many per axil; peduncle 3–6 mm; stigma 2-lobed ...... 12. G. abutilifolia 15b. Cymes 1 or 2 per axil; peduncle ca. 10 mm; stigma 5-lobed ...... 13. G. urenifolia 6b. Leaf blade lanceolate or oblong, base always symmetrical, lateral basal veins reaching mid leaf only. 16a. Old leaves abaxially subglabrous or sparsely hairy on veins, adaxially hairy only in vein axils at most. 17a. Leaf blade leathery; peduncle robust, with long hairs; petals 2.5–3 mm ...... 14. G. concolor 17b. Leaf blade thinly leathery; peduncle slender, with short hairs; petals 4–5 mm ...... 15. G. macropetala 16b. Old leaves abaxially tomentose or rough-hairy, adaxially hairy. 18a. Leaf blade broadly oblong, base broadly cuneate or obtuse on one side; petiole 7–9 mm ...... 25. G. henryi 18b. Leaf blade lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, triangular-lanceolate, or band-shaped, base rounded or slightly cordate, rarely obtuse; petiole 1–8 mm. 19a. Leaf blade triangular-lanceolate, base wide ...... 16. G. sessiliflora Flora of China 12: 251–258. 2007.

19b. Leaf blade lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or band-shaped, base rounded and narrow. 20a. Teeth on leaf blade margin irregular in size, leaf blade leathery, densely tomentose ...... 24. G. cuspidatoserrata 20b. Teeth on leaf blade margin regular and similar in size, leaf blade papery or leathery, glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy. 21a. Leaf blade band-shaped, 13–20 × 1–3 cm. 22a. Cymes 1–3 per axil; stamens 20–30; leaf veinlets adaxially obscure ...... 23. G. falcata 22b. Cymes 2 to several per axil; stamens 10–20; leaf veinlets adaxially prominent ...... 26. G. lacei 21b. Leaf blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 4–14 × 2–4 cm. 23a. Leaf blade abaxially gray-white appressed stellate pilose ...... 22. G. retusifolia 23b. Leaf blade abaxially yellow-brown or gray-brown tomentose or coarsely hairy. 24a. Leaf blade abaxially stellate pilose. 25a. Leaf blade abaxially sparsely yellow stellate pilose ...... 21. G. brachypoda 25b. Leaf blade abaxially densely white stellate pilose ...... 20. G. latiglandulosa 24b. Leaf blade abaxially thickly and softly or coarsely tomentose. 26a. Leaf blade coarsely yellow-brown tomentose; petiole 2–3 mm .. 19. G. hirsuta 26b. Leaf blade softly gray-brown tomentose; petiole 3–8 mm. 27a. Leaf blade leathery; petiole 3–5 mm ...... 17. G. chuniana 27b. Leaf blade papery; petiole 5–8 mm ...... 18. G. oligandra

1. Grewia eriocarpa Jussieu, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4: 93. lateral veins 2–3 pairs distally, base rounded, margin serrate, 1804. apex shortly acute. Cymes 1–1.5 cm, yellow-brown stellate tomentose; peduncle to 1 cm. Pedicel 2–3 mm. Sepals lan- 毛果扁担杆 mao guo bian dan gan ceolate, 6–7 mm, tomentose abaxially, pubescent adaxially. Pet- Grewia boehmeriifolia Kanehira & Sasaki; G. lantsangen- als 3–4 mm, glandular at base. Stamens 3–4 mm. Androgyno- sis Hu. phore hairy. Ovary 2-loculed, tomentose; style ca. 2 mm. Drupe subglobose, shallowly furrowed, 6–8 mm in diam., stellate Shrubs or small trees to 8 m tall. Branchlets softly gray hairy; exocarp not separating from endocarp; drupelets 1 or 2. stellate tomentose. Stipule filiform, lanceolate, 5–10 mm; peti- Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. ole 5–10 mm; leaf blade ovate or ovate-oblong, 6–13 × 3–6 cm, papery, black-brown when dry, softly gray stellate tomentose Open forests, shrublands; 100–1800 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, abaxially, sparsely stellate adaxially, lateral basal veins to 3/4 as Guizhou, Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, long as leaf blade, lateral veins 3–4 pairs, base obliquely Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam]. rounded or truncate, margin serrulate, apex acuminate or acute. 3. Grewia yinkiangensis Y. C. Hsu & R. Zhuge, Fl. Yunnan. Cymes 1–3, axillary, 1.5–3 cm; peduncle 3–8 mm. Pedicel 3–5 6: 412. 1995. mm. Bracts lanceolate. Flowers bisexual. Sepals narrowly ob- long, 6–8 mm, hairy on both surfaces. Petals ca. 3 mm, eglan- 盈江扁担杆 ying jiang bian dan gan dular. Androgynophore absent. Stamens irregular in length, Shrubs. Branchlets striate, gray-yellow stellate pilose. Peti- shorter than sepals. Ovary hairy; style puberulent. Drupe sub- ole very short, 3–4 mm, gray-yellow pilose; leaf blade nearly globose, furrowed, 6–8 mm in diam., stellate hairy; drupelets 1 orbicular, 8–12 × 7.5–10 cm, papery, densely stellate tomentose or 2. abaxially, sparsely minutely hairy adaxially, basal veins 5, lat- Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cam- eral veins 2–3 pairs, ascending, base rounded, margin entire bodia, , Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, basally, glandular dentate distally, apex obtuse or acute. Cymes , Thailand, Vietnam]. 2–4 per leaf axil, slender, 3-flowered. Infructescence stipe 1.8– 2. Grewia celtidifolia Jussieu, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4: 93. 2.5 cm; stipe 8–12 mm, densely pilose. Drupe subglobose, 4–5 1804. mm in diam., sparsely stellate pilose; drupelets 1 or 2. Fl. Apr– May, fr. Jun–Jul. 朴叶扁担杆 pu ye bian dan gan ● Open woodlands, scrub; ca. 1000 m. SW Yunnan. Grewia asiatica Linnaeus var. celtidifolia (Jussieu) L. F. 4. Grewia tiliifolia Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 35. 1790 [“tiliae- Gagnepain; G. simaoensis Y. Y. Qian; G. yunnanensis Hung T. folia”]. Chang. Shrubs. Branchlets softly gray-brown tomentose. Petiole 椴叶扁担杆 duan ye bian dan gan 5–6 mm, softly tomentose; leaf blade broadly ovate, 8–10 × Grewia rotunda C. Y. Wu ex Hung T. Chang. 4.5–6 cm, shortly yellow-brown stellate tomentose abaxially, glabrescent adaxially, lateral basal veins 3/4 as long as leaf Trees 5–8 m tall. Branchlets gray stellate tomentose. blade, ca. 1 cm from margin, each with secondary veins 5–6, Petiole ca. 1 cm, softly tomentose; leaf blade nearly orbicular or broadly ovate-orbicular, (1.7–)8–13(–36) × (1–)6.5–9.5(–24) Flora of China 12: 251–258. 2007. cm, papery, black-brown when dry, with sparse solitary hairs or mm; petiole 4–8 mm, densely puberulent; leaf blade ovate- glabrescent and hairy only on veins adaxially, lateral basal orbicular or obovate-elliptic, sometimes shallowly 3-lobed, 4–9 veins 2/3 as long as leaf blade, 1.5–2.7 cm from margin, each × 2.5–4 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially sparsely stellate hairy to with 5 or 6 secondary veins, dark brown, abaxially sparsely stellate tomentose, adaxially more sparsely stellate hairy, lateral hairy or glabrous, base obliquely cordate, margin serrulate, basal veins more than 1/2 as long as leaf blade, lateral veins apex shortly acute. Cymes 2–6 per leaf axil, 3-flowered; pe- 3–5 pairs, base cuneate or obtuse, margin serrulate, apex acute. duncle 1–1.5 cm. Pedicel 6–7 mm, gray-brown tomentose. Se- Cymes axillary, many flowered; peduncle less than 1 cm. Pedi- pals oblong lanceolate, 7–8 mm, softly gray-yellow tomentose cel 3–6 mm. Bracts subulate, 3–5 mm. Sepals narrowly oblong, on both surfaces. Petals yellow, shorter and narrower than se- 4–7 mm, abaxially hairy, adaxially white and glabrous. Petals pals. Stamens many, in 5 fascicles, slightly connate at base, 1–1.5 mm. Androgynophore ca. 0.5 mm, hairy. Stamens ca. 2 slightly shorter than sepals. Ovary 2-loculed, hairy; style mm. Ovary hairy; style as long as sepals. Drupe red, 2–4-lobed; slightly longer than stamens. Drupe subglobose, not divided; drupelets 1 per lobe. Fl. May–Jul. exocarp not separating from endocarp; drupelets 1 or 2. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Open woodlands, shrublands, grasslands; 800–1600 m. Guangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Korea]. SW Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam; E Africa]. 1a. Leaf blade suborbicular, 1–1.5 × ca. 1 cm ...... 7c. var. microphylla 5. Grewia kwangtungensis Hung T. Chang, Acta Phytotax. 1b. Leaf blade elliptic or obovate-elliptic, Sin. 20: 175. 1982. 4–9 × 2.5–4 cm. 广东扁担杆 guang dong bian dan gan 2a. Leaf blade sparsely stellate hairy abaxially ...... 7a. var. biloba Shrubs, climbing. Branchlets brown, shortly tomentose. 2b. Leaf blade densely softly stellate Petiole 5–6 mm; leaf blade oblong or lanceolate, 6–10 × 2–3 tomentose abaxially ...... 7b. var. parviflora cm, membranous, abaxially puberulent only on veins, adaxially hairy, glabrescent, lateral basal veins 1/3 as long as leaf blade, 7a. Grewia biloba var. biloba 2–3 mm from margin, lateral veins 3–5 pairs, minor veins 扁担杆(原变种) bian dan gan (yuan bian zhong) prominently raised abaxially, base cordate or slightly cordate, margin serrulate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Flow- Grewia biloba var. glabrescens (Bentham) Rehder; G. gl a - ers unknown. Infructescence in subterminal axils; peduncle 3–6 brescens Bentham; G. parviflora Bunge var. glabrescens (Ben- mm, shortly brown tomentose; fruiting pedicel 7–9 mm, shortly tham) Rehder & E. H. Wilson; G. tenuifolia Kanehira & Sasaki. brown tomentose. Androgynophore short, glabrous, with hairs Leaf blade elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 4–9 × 2.5–4 cm, on apex. Drupe red, globose, 6–7 mm in diam., hairy, becoming abaxially sparsely stellate hairy. glabrescent, glossy; drupelets 1 or 2. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hunan, ● Evergreen forest; 800–900 m. Guangdong. Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yun- 6. Grewia rhombifolia Kanehira & Sasaki, Trans. Nat. Hist. nan, Zhejiang [Korea]. Soc. Taiwan 18: 335. 1928. 7b. Grewia biloba var. parviflora (Bunge) Handel-Mazzetti, 菱叶扁担杆 ling ye bian dan gan Symb. Sin. 7: 612. 1933. Shrubs. Branchlets rust-brown stellate tomentose. Stipule 小花扁担杆 xiao hua bian dan gan subulate, 5–7 mm; petiole 5–7 mm; leaf blade rhomboid or Grewia parviflora Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 9. 1833; ovate, rarely ovate-orbicular, 2.5–5.5 × 2–4.5 cm, sparsely stel- G. chanetii H. Léveillé; G. parviflora var. velutina Pampanini. late, abaxially hairy only on veins, adaxially glabrescent, lateral basal veins to 1/2 as long as leaf blade, lateral veins 4–5 pairs, Leaf blade elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 4–9 × 2.5–4 cm, base broadly cuneate to nearly rounded, margin irregularly abaxially densely softly stellate tomentose. Flowers smaller. serrate, apex slightly acute or obtuse. Cymes axillary; peduncle ● Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, 5–8 mm. Pedicel 5–7 mm. Bracts subulate, ca. 4 mm. Sepals ca. Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, 6 × 1.5–2 mm, glabrous abaxially, adaxially stellate tomentose. Zhejiang. Petals oblong, ca. 1.5 mm; glands nearly round, hairy. Stamens many, with long silk hairs. Ovary hairy; style glabrous. Drupe 7c. Grewia biloba var. microphylla (Maximowicz) Handel- 2–4-lobed; drupelets 1 per lobe. Fl. Jun. Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 612. 1933. ● Taiwan. 小叶扁担杆 xiao ye bian dan gan 7. Grewia biloba G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 549. 1831. Grewia parviflora var. microphylla Maximowicz, Trudy 扁担杆 bian dan gan Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11: 81. 1890. Shrubs or small trees 0.5–1(–4) m tall, many branched. Leaf blade suborbicular, 1–1.5 cm, sparsely pilose abax- Branchlets pubescent or nearly glabrous. Stipule subulate, 3–4 ially. Flowers larger.

Flora of China 12: 251–258. 2007.

● Sichuan, Yunnan. 7–8 mm in diam., slightly hairy. Fr. winter. 8. Grewia piscatorum Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 5: ● Scrub; ca. 1200 m. Yunnan. 208. 1866. 11. Grewia acuminata Jussieu, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4: 海岸扁担杆 hai an bian dan gan 91. 1804. Shrubs small, many branched, extending, slender. Branch- 密齿扁担杆 mi chi bian dan gan lets sparsely stellate. Stipule filiform, ca. 2 mm; petiole 2–3 mm; leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 1–2.3 × 1–2 cm, nearly mem- Grewia densiserrulata Hung T. Chang. branous, glabrous adaxially, greenish when dry, luminous, gla- Shrubs climbing. Branchlets densely brown stellate, brous or sparsely pilose abaxially, lateral basal veins ca. 1/2 shortly coarsely hairy. Petiole 3–4 mm, densely yellow stellate; as long as leaf blade, lateral veins 2–3 pairs, base rounded or leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong, 8–13 × 4–6 cm, leathery, slightly cordate, margin serrate, apex obtuse or shortly acute. stellate, shortly coarsely hairy adaxially, densely brown stellate Cymes 1 or 2 in subterminal axils, usually 3-flowered; peduncle abaxially, lateral basal veins to 1/2 as long as leaf blade, 6–8 ca. 5 mm. Pedicel as long as peduncle or slightly shorter. Bracts mm from margin, each with 10 secondary veins, lateral veins subulate, 2–4 mm. Sepals narrowly oblong, 5–7 mm, abaxially 5–6 pairs distally, base rounded, margin densely serrulate, teeth hairy, adaxially glabrous. Petals 1.5–2 mm. Androgynophore less than 0.4 mm, ca. 1 mm apart, apex acute. Cymes solitary in very short. Stamens many, 4–5 mm. Ovary hairy; style gla- leaf axils, 2- or 3-flowered; peduncle 1–1.5 cm. Pedicel 12–18 brous. Drupe 2- or 4-lobed, furrowed; drupelets 1 per lobe. mm. Sepals to 2 cm. Petals ca. 7 mm. Androgynophore 4–8 ● Coastal areas. Fujian, Hainan, Taiwan. mm. Stamens many; filaments 8–12 mm. Ovary 2-loculed; style ca. 1 cm. Fruiting peduncle 1–2 cm, pedicels 1.5–2 cm, This species is very similar to Grewia biloba var. microphylla. It both coarsely stellate hairy. Drupe 4-lobed, ca. 2 cm in diam.; differs in having leaves that are nearly membranous, not thinly leathery, drupelets coarsely hairy; androgynophore 5–6 mm, stellate to- and abaxially nearly glabrous, not stellate hairy. mentose. 9. Grewia angustisepala Hung T. Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. Scrub; 800–900 m. S Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia (Java), 20: 175. 1982. Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam]. 狭萼扁担杆 xia e bian dan gan 12. Grewia abutilifolia W. Vent ex Jussieu, Ann. Mus. Natl. Shrubs 1–2.5 m tall. Branchlets softly yellow-brown to- Hist. Nat. 4: 92. 1804. mentose. Petiole 3–5 mm, softly yellow-brown tomentose; leaf 苘麻叶扁担杆 qing ma ye bian dan gan blade ovate-elliptic, thinly leathery, 13–16 × 6–9 cm, densely softly yellow-brown tomentose abaxially, stellate but glabres- Grewia hirsutovelutina Burret; G. kainantensis Masamu- cent and hairy only on veins adaxially, lateral basal veins to 2/3 ne; Sterculia tiliacea H. Léveillé. as long as blade, 8–15 mm from margin, each with secondary Shrubs or small trees 1–5 m tall; branchlets yellow-brown veins 6–8, lateral veins 4–5 pairs in distal 1/2, base rounded or stellate, coarsely hairy. Petiole 1–2 cm, coarsely stellate tomen- slightly cordate, slightly oblique, margin dentate (teeth alter- tose; leaf blade broadly ovate to nearly orbicular, usually lobed nately small and large, triangular, 1–2.5 mm), apex acuminate. distally, 7–11 × 5–9 cm, papery, densely yellow and brown, Cymes 1 or 2 in axils of leaves, 2–3 cm; peduncle 1–1.7 cm. coarsely stellate tomentose abaxially, adaxially sparsely Pedicel 6–8 mm. Bracts lanceolate, 6–8 mm, hairy. Sepals nar- coarsely stellate hairy, lateral basal veins more than 1/2 as long rowly lanceolate, 7–8 × 1–1.5 mm, abaxially tomentose, adax- as leaf blade, each with 7–9 secondary veins, lateral veins dis- ially white and glabrous. Petals 3–4 mm. Stamens 5–6 mm. tal, 3–4 pairs, base rounded or slightly cordate, margin serru- Ovary tomentose; style glabrous. Drupe 2-lobed, lobes globose. late, apex acute. Cymes 3–7 per leaf axil; peduncle 3–6 mm. ● Open forests; 800–1200 m. Yunnan. Pedicel 4–8 mm. Bracts filiform, caducous. Sepals white, nar- rowly oblong, 6–8 × ca. 2 mm, abaxially hairy, adaxially gla- 10. Grewia permagna C. Y. Wu ex Hung T. Chang, Acta Phy- brous. Petals 2–3 mm. Androgynophore glabrous. Stamens 4–5 totax. Sin. 20: 176. 1982. mm. Ovary villous; style as long as sepals; stigma 2-lobed. 大叶扁担杆 da ye bian dan gan Drupe obscurely 2- or 4-lobed, tomentose; drupelets 1 per lobe. Grewia rugulosa C. Y. Wu ex Hung T. Chang. Scrub, slopes on grasslands. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hai- nan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Shrubs or small trees. Bark gray-brown; branchlets Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam]. coarsely yellow-brown tomentose. Petiole 1.7–2.5 cm, coarsely 13. Grewia urenifolia (Pierre) Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) stellate; leaf blade nearly orbicular, 21–28 × 8–23 cm, leathery, 1: 126. 1909 [“urenaefolia”]. softly yellow-brown tomentose abaxially, coarsely hairy adax- ially, lateral basal veins ascending to near apex of leaf blade, 稔叶扁担杆 ren ye bian dan gan 3.5–5 cm from margin, each with secondary veins 8–11, lateral veins 5–6 pairs, base rounded or slightly obliquely cordate, Grewia abutilifolia W. Vent ex Jussieu var. urenifolia margin dentate, apex acute. Flowers not seen. Cymes axillary, Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. t. 164. 1888 [“urenaefolia”]. ca. 1.5 cm; peduncle 7–11 mm, coarsely hairy. Drupe globose, Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets coarsely stellate. Petiole 1–

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1.5 cm, coarsely hairy; leaf blade broadly ovate, 6–8 × 4–6.5 × 3–5 cm, abaxially densely softly yellow-brown tomentose, cm, coarsely stellate adaxially, densely coarsely stellate abax- adaxially softly stellate tomentose, lateral basal veins to 1/2 as ially, base cordate. Cymes 1–2 in axils of leaves; peduncle ca. 1 long as leaf blade, 7–13 mm from margin, lateral veins 3–4 cm. Pedicel 4–6 mm. Flower buds 6–7 mm. Sepals ca. 6 mm, pairs, base oblique, rounded or shallowly cordate, margin ser- hairy abaxially, adaxially glabrous. Petals minute, gland base rate, apex narrowly acuminate. Cymes 1 or 2 per leaf axil, 4–5 hairy. Ovary hairy; stigma 5-lobed. Drupe 2–4-lobed; drupelets cm; peduncle 3–4 cm, tomentose. Bracts filiform, 7–8 mm, 1 per lobe. tomentose. Sepals lanceolate, 8–9 × ca. 1.5 mm, abaxially to- mentose, adaxially glabrous. Petals 4–5 mm. Stamens slightly Secondary scrub. Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam]. longer than petals. Ovary tomentose; style longer than stamens. Drupe 2-lobed, lobes globose, glossy, sparsely stellate hairy. Fl. This species is similar to Grewia abutilifolia but differs in having Jun–Jul. only 1 or 2 cymes per leaf axil, longer peduncles and pedicels, and a 5- lobed stigma. Secondary forests at low elevations. S Guangdong, Guangxi [Laos, N Thailand, N Vietnam]. 14. Grewia concolor Merrill, Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 35. 1935. The diagnostic features of this species include the triangular-lan- 同色扁担杆 tong se bian dan gan ceolate leaves covered with yellow-brown soft indumentum and the long cymes; at 4–5 cm, these are the longest cymes in the genus in China. Shrubs climbing. Branchlets rust-brown stellate tomentose. Stipules lanceolate, ca. 5 × 2 mm; petiole 5–7 mm, hairy; leaf 17. Grewia chuniana Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin- blade oblong, 7–12 × 2.5–4 cm, leathery, sparsely stellate and Dahlem 13: 488. 1936. villous with long solitary hairs at first on both surfaces, glabres- 崖县扁担杆 ya xian bian dan gan cent or with sparsely solitary hairs only on veins on both sur- faces, lateral basal veins less than 1/2 as long as leaf blade, Shrubs. Old branches dark brown, glabrous; branchlets lateral veins 5–6 pairs, base slightly oblique, nearly rounded to densely rust-brown tomentose. Stipules subulate, 5–6 mm; peti- shallowly cordate, margin serrulate, apex shortly acute or ob- ole 3–5 mm, densely tomentose; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, tuse. Cymes 1 or 2 per leaf axil, 2- or 3-flowered; peduncle ca. 7–11 × 3–4 cm, leathery, abaxially densely gray-brown stellate 1 cm, brown hairy. Flowers unisexual. Pedicel 5–9 mm, brown tomentose, adaxially sparsely hairy, base rounded or obliquely hairy. Bracts subulate, ca. 5 mm, hairy abaxially. Sepals nar- shallowly cordate, margin serrulate, apex acuminate. Cymes 3- rowly lanceolate, 7–8 mm, adaxially hairy. Petals 2.5–3 mm; flowered; peduncle 1–1.2 cm, tomentose. Pedicel 5–7 mm, to- glands obovoid, hairy. Stamens many. Ovary villous; style gla- mentose. Bracts subulate, ca. 5 mm. Sepals 5–6 mm, abaxially brous; stigma 5-lobed. Drupe 2–4-lobed, lobes globose; drupe- densely tomentose, adaxially glabrous. Petals ca. 2.5 mm; lets 1 per lobe. Fl. Jul–Aug. glands scalelike, enclosed by ring of long hairs. Stamens many, shorter than sepals, slightly longer than petals. Ovary hairy; ● Forests, open scrub. Fujian, Hainan. style as long as sepals; stigma many-lobed. Drupe 2–4-lobed; 15. Grewia macropetala Burret, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. drupelets 1 per lobe. Fl. Aug–Sep. 33: 74. 1933. ● Coastal scrub. Hainan.

长瓣扁担杆 chang ban bian dan gan This species is similar to Grewia hirsuta but differs in having leaf Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets coarsely brown stellate. blades that are gray-brown, not yellowish brown, stellate tomentose, and not blackened when dried, and longer cymes: peduncle 10–12 mm, Petiole 4–5 mm, stellate pubescent; leaf blade oblong-lanceo- not 3–7 mm. late, 4–7 × 1.5–2 cm, thinly leathery, sparsely coarsely stellate pubescent, glabrescent, lateral basal veins to 1/2 as long as leaf 18. Grewia oligandra Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. t. 163. blade, lateral veins 3–4 pairs, veinlets prominent on both sur- 1888. faces, base narrowly rounded, margin irregularly serrulate, apex 寡蕊扁担杆 gua rui bian dan gan acuminate. Cymes 1 or 2 per leaf axil, 3-flowered; peduncle slender, 4–14 mm. Pedicel 4–12 mm, stellate pubescent. Bracts Shrubs. Old branches dark brown; branchlets stellate to- filiform, 3–4 mm. Sepals ca. 6 mm, abaxially hairy, adaxially mentose. Stipules subulate, ca. 4 mm, caducous; petiole 5–8 glabrous. Petals 4–5 mm. Androgynophore short, glabrous. Sta- mm; leaf blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 9–10.5 × 2–3.5 mens 16–18, as long as or slightly longer than petals. Ovary cm, papery, dark brown when dried, abaxially densely softly hairy; style as long as stamens; stigma 2–4-lobed. Drupe 2–4- gray-brown tomentose, adaxially sparsely coarsely shortly stel- lobed, hairy, glabrescent; drupelets 1 per lobe. Fl. May–Jun. late hairy, base rounded, margin serrulate, teeth alternately large ● Secondary forests. Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan. and small. Cymes 3–5-flowered; peduncle 4–7 mm, tomentose. Pedicel 3–4 mm, tomentose. Bracts 3–4 mm. Sepals 5–6 mm, 16. Grewia sessiliflora Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 167. abaxially tomentose, adaxially glabrous. Petals oblong, 2–3 mm; 1910. glands scalelike, enclosed by ring of hairs. Stamens shorter than sepals. Ovary hairy; stigma many-lobed. Drupe 2–4-lobed, lobes 无柄扁担杆 wu bing bian dan gan globose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glossy. Fl. Aug. Shrubs. Branches and branchlets softly yellow-brown to- Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myan- mentose. Petiole 1–3 mm; leaf blade triangular-lanceolate, 6–10 mar, Thailand, Vietnam].

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This species is similar to Grewia cuspidatoserrata but differs by basal veins 1/2 as long as blade or longer, lateral veins 3–4 its soft gray-brown, not rust-brown, indumentum on the abaxial leaf pairs, base rounded, margin serrate, apex acute. Cymes solitary blade surface and longer cymes: peduncle 4–7 mm, not less than 3 mm. in axils, 3-flowered; peduncle 0.7–1 cm, tomentose. Pedicel 4– 19. Grewia hirsuta Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 34. 1790. 6 mm, tomentose. Bracts subulate, hairy, caducous. Sepals 5–7 × 2–2.5 mm, abaxially stellate hairy, adaxially glabrous. Petals 粗毛扁担杆 cu mao bian dan gan 2–3 mm. Stamens 3–5 mm. Ovary villous; style 3–4 mm, gla- brous; stigma swollen. Drupe 2-lobed, 1–1.2 cm, glossy, gla- Shrubs or small trees. Branchlets coarsely gray-brown brous. stellate hairy. Petiole 2–3 mm, tomentose; leaf blade lanceolate, 6–14 × 2–3.5 cm, leathery, black-brown when dried, abaxially ● Scrub, dry grassy slopes. SW Sichuan, N and SW Yunnan. yellow-brown stellate tomentose, adaxially sparsely coarsely 22. Grewia retusifolia Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. t. 168. stellate, lateral basal veins to 1/2 as long as leaf blade, lateral 1888. veins 4–5 pairs, base narrow, shallowly cordate, margin serru- late, apex acuminate or rarely obtuse. Cymes 1–5 per leaf axil, 钝叶扁担杆 dun ye bian dan gan 3- or 4-flowered; peduncle 3–7 mm, tomentose. Pedicel 3–5 Shrubs or small trees. Branchlets slender, appressed yel- mm, tomentose. Bracts lanceolate, 3–4 mm. Sepals narrowly low stellate tomentose. Petiole 3–5 mm; leaf blade oblong-lan- lanceolate, 6–7 × ca. 1.5 mm, abaxially tomentose, adaxially ceolate, 6–8.5 × 2.2–3.4 cm, abaxially gray-white adnate stel- glabrous. Petals narrowly ovate, ca. 3 × 1.5 mm. Stamens 4–5 late puberulent, adaxially coarsely shortly stellate hairy, gla- mm. Ovary villous; style longer than stamens, glabrous; stigma brescent, lateral basal veins to 1/2 as long as leaf blade, 4–7 mm 4-lobed. Drupe globose or 2-lobed, sparsely coarsely hairy; from margin, lateral veins 3–4 pairs, base rounded, margin ir- drupelets 2 per lobe. Fl. Jun–Jul. regularly denticulate, apex obtuse or slightly acute. Cymes 1 or Guangdong, S Guangxi [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos, Ma- 2 per leaf axil, 3–5-flowered; peduncle ca. 1 cm, slender, hairy. laysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam]. Pedicel ca. 3 mm. Bracts filiform, lanceolate, 3–5 mm. Sepals 20. Grewia latiglandulosa Z. Y. Huang & S. Y. Liu, J. Trop. narrowly lanceolate, 5–6 mm, abaxially stellate tomentose, Subtrop. Bot. 13: 367. 2005. adaxially glabrous. Petals ca. 2.5 mm. Androgynophore slightly longer than petals. Ovary hairy; style longer than stamens; stig- 阔腺扁担杆 kuo xian bian dan gan ma 4-lobed. Drupe 4-lobed, lobes globose, glossy dark reddish Shrubs 1–1.8 m tall. Stem and branches grayish brown; brown. branchlets pale brown, densely white stellate pilose. Stipules Secondary forests. S Guangxi (Nanning) [Indonesia, Vietnam; N linear-lanceolate, 3–5 mm; petiole 2–3 mm, stellate pilose; leaf Australia]. blade elliptic or oblong, 2.2–10 × 1.2–3.4 cm, papery, abaxially densely stellate pilose, adaxially drying green, minutely stellate 23. Grewia falcata C. Y. Wu, J. W. China Border Res. Soc. 16: pilose, lateral basal veins to 1/2 as long as leaf blade, lateral 161. 1946. veins 3–6 pairs, base rounded or nearly rounded, slightly 镰叶扁担杆 lian ye bian dan gan oblique, margin serrulate, apex acuminate or long acuminate. Cymes 1 or 2 per leaf axil, 1–3-flowered; peduncle 8–15 mm, Shrubs or small trees. Branchlets softly yellow-brown to- densely white stellate pilose. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Sepals 10–12 × mentose. Petiole 3–5 mm, tomentose; leaf blade band-shaped, 2–3 mm, abaxially densely stellate pilose, adaxially white, gla- slightly curved or straight, or falcate, 6–18 × 1–3 cm, leathery brous, apex obtuse. Petals yellow, ovate-rotund, 2.5–3 × 1.5–2 or papery, abaxially softly yellow-brown or rust-brown tomen- mm; gland scalelike, ca. 2/3 as large as petal, margin pilose. tose, adaxially sparsely stellate pilose and more densely on Androgynophore ca. 1 mm, pilose. Stamens many; filaments veins, lateral basal veins obscure, 1/4–1/3 as long as leaf blade, white, unequal; anthers yellow. Ovary depressed-globose, 1–3 mm from margin, lateral veins 4–8 pairs, veinlets promi- densely white stellate pilose; style ca. 7 mm, stellate pilose nent, base obtuse, margin serrulate, apex acuminate. Cymes 1–3 below middle; stigma 4- or 5-lobed. Drupe yellow-green dry- per leaf axil; peduncle 3–5 mm, yellow-brown tomentose. Pedi- ing blackish, 2–4-lobed, sparsely white stellate pilose, glossy; cel 3–4 mm, yellow-brown tomentose. Sepals lanceolate, 8–9 × drupelets ca. 5 × 5–6 mm. 2–2.5 mm, abaxially tomentose, adaxially glabrous. Petals ob- long, 3–4 mm, glands on basal 1/2. Stamens 20–30, 5–6 mm. ● Guangxi (Tianyang). Ovary densely yellow-brown villous; style longer than stamens; 21. Grewia brachypoda C. Y. Wu, J. W. China Border Res. stigma 4-lobed. Drupe 4-lobed, lobes globose, hairy, glossy. Soc. 16: 162. 1946. Open forests; 800–1700 m. SW Guangxi, Yunnan [Cambodia, 短炳扁担杆 duan bing bian dan gan Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam]. Shrubs 0.5–1.5 m tall. Branchlets densely yellow-brown This species is similar to Grewia cuspidatoserrata but differs in tomentose, two-year-old branches slightly coarsely tomentose. having the leaf margin with uniform teeth, not alternately small and Petiole 1–4 mm, densely tomentose; leaf blade oblong-lanceo- large, the indumentum yellow-brown, not gray-brown, and the leaf late or oblong, 3–9 × 2–3.5 cm, leathery, abaxially densely yel- blade narrowly band-shaped, not oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate. low-brown to gray-brown stellate tomentose, adaxially coarsely 24. Grewia cuspidatoserrata Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Ber- stellate hairy, fallen hairs leaving verrucose prominence, lateral lin-Dahlem 9: 718. 1926 [“cuspidato-serrata”].

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尖齿扁担杆 jian chi bian dan gan low-brown hairy. Petals ca. 1.5 × 1 mm, abaxially minutely hairy, apex erose. Stamens 10–20; filaments ca. 2 mm. Ovary Shrubs. Old branches brown; branchlets rust-brown to- densely yellow-brown tomentose; style ca. 2 mm; stigma mentose. Stipules lanceolate, ca. 7 mm, caducous; petiole 4–6 swollen, lobed. Drupe nearly square, 4-lobed, yellow villous. mm, tomentose; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 7– Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Oct–Nov. 16 × 2.5–4.5 cm, papery or leathery, abaxially densely softly rust-brown tomentose, adaxially coarsely stellate, lateral basal Open lowland forests; 500–700 m. S Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, veins 1/3 to more than 1/2 as long as leaf blade, lateral veins Thailand]. distal, 4–5 pairs, base nearly rounded, slightly oblique, margin 27. Grewia multiflora Jussieu, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4: double-serrate, teeth 1–2.5 mm, alternately small and large, nar- 89. 1804. row and acute, apex shortly acute or slightly obtuse. Cymes 1 to several per leaf axil; peduncle less than 3 mm. Pedicel 5–8 mm. 光叶扁担杆 guang ye bian dan gan Bracts lanceolate, ca. 3 mm. Sepals oblong, 6–7 × ca. 2 mm, Grewia didyma Roxburgh ex G. Don; G. disperma Rottler abaxially hairy, adaxially glabrous. Petals ca. 3 mm, abaxially ex Sprengel; G. glabra Blume; G. jinghongensis Y. Y. Qian; G. hairy at base; glands obovoid, enclosed by ring of hairs. Sta- serrulata Candolle. mens many, with long hairs in between. Ovary hairy. Fruit 2–4- lobed. Seeds 1 or 2 per drupelet. Fl. Apr–May. Shrubs and small trees. Branchlets sparsely stellate, gla- brescent. Stipule filiform, 1–1.5 × ca. 0.1 cm, caducous; petiole ● Open forests; 1200–1500 m. S Yunnan. 6–8 mm, tomentose; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 7–17 × 2.5– 25. Grewia henryi Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 4.5 cm, papery, glabrous or very sparsely hairy adaxially, hairs 9: 674. 1926. simple and stellate, in vein axils, lateral basal veins to 1/2 as long as leaf blade, lateral veins 5–6 pairs, base cuneate or huang ma ye bian dan gan 黄麻叶扁担杆 broadly cuneate, margin serrulate, apex long acuminate. Cymes Shrubs or small trees 1–6 m tall. Branchlets yellow-brown 2–3 in axils, 3-flowered; peduncle slender, 1.2–2.5 cm. Pedicel coarsely stellate. Petiole 7–9 mm, coarsely stellate; leaf blade 1–1.2 cm, sparsely stellate. Bracts subulate, ca. 4 mm. Sepals broadly oblong, 11–19 × 3–4.5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially ca. 1.3 × 0.3–0.5 cm, densely yellow-brown pubescent abax- greenish or coarsely yellow-green stellate, glabrescent, adax- ially. Petals ca. 3 mm. Androgynophore 2–4 mm. Drupe 4- ially yellow-green when dry, sparsely shortly stellate hairy, lat- lobed, glabrous; exocarp not separating. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Oct. eral basal veins 1/3–1/2 as long as blade, 3–8 mm from margin, S Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, ; lateral veins 4–6 pairs, base broadly cuneate, rarely unequally Australia]. obtuse, margin serrulate, apex acuminate. Cymes 1 or 2 per leaf axil, 3–4-flowered; peduncle 1–2.5 cm. Pedicel 5–11 mm. Se- This species has been confused with Grewia laevigata Vahl (see pals lanceolate, 1–1.3 cm, abaxially tomentose, adaxially gla- Chung, Edinburgh J. Bot. 62: 1–27. 2005). brous. Petals long ovate, 4–5 mm. Stamens 5–7 mm. Ovary 4- loculed, hairy; style 6–7 mm; stigma 4-lobed. Drupe 4-lobed. ● Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Yunnan. 26. Grewia lacei Drummond & Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 21. 1911. 细齿扁担杆 xi chi bian dan gan Trees to 5 m tall. Branchlets densely tomentose. Petiole ca. 5 mm, hairy; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 15–20 × 2–2.5 cm, papery, densely rust-brown tomentose abaxially, glabrous or sparsely hairy adaxially, lateral basal veins 1/4–1/3 as long as leaf blade, lateral veins 7–8 pairs, base slightly oblique, cune- ate, margin obscurely serrulate, apex obtuse or acute. Cymes 2 to several per leaf axil, 1–3-flowered; peduncle ca. 2 mm. Flowers polygamo-monoecious. Pedicel 3–5 mm. Sepals linear, ca. 6 mm, margin involute, apex obtuse, densely coarsely yel-

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