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fi'^i' Complete list of Loeh titles can be found at the end oj each volume

QUINTUS — for we know him only by his first name — was a poet who lived at some four hundred years after

Christ. His work, in fourteen books, is a bold and generally underrated attempt in 's style to complete the story of Troy from the point at which the closes. Quintus tells us the stories of , the Amazonian queen; Memnon, leader of the Ethiopians; the death of ; the contest for Achilles' arms between Ajax and ; the arrival of ; and the making of the Wooden Horse. The poem ends with the departure of the Greeks and the great storm which by the wrath of heaven shattered their fleet. 883 Ouintus Ouintus

The fal 1 of Troy; 681589 BRANCH LIBRARIES NY PUBLIC LIBRARY THE

3 3333 10183 9880 Ihe NewYork Public Library Tilden Foundations Artor. Lenox and

Branch Libraries ^ The ^ „^ MID-MANHATTAN LIBRARY Dept. Literature & Language 455 Fifth Avenue New York, N.Y. 10016 branch of be returned to any Rooks may Non-pnnt ?he New York Public Library. the branch from media rTust be returned to which borrowed. date must be returned by »ast Materials charged for Sped on card. Fines are overdue items. f Form #0692 Digitized by the Internet Archive

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http://www.archive.org/details/falloftroyOOquin THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D.

EDITED BY G. P. GOOLD, PH.D. FORMER EDITORS t T. E. PAGE, C.H., LiTT.D. t E. CAPPS, ph.d., ll.d t W. H. D. ROUSE, LITT.D. t L. A. POST, l.h.d. E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a., f.r.hist.soc.

QUINTUS SMYRNAEUS

19

QUINTUS SMYRNAEUS THE FALL OF TROY

WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY

ARTHUR S. WAY, D.Lit.

CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD MCMLXXXIV American ISBN 0-674-99022-6 British ISBN 434 99019 1

First printed 1913 Reprinted 1943, 1955, 1962, 1984

Printed in Great Britain ^^3 ''^rn/L.L. (3oiAtu5 /0/g3<^yg,^

INTRODUCTION

Homer's Iliad begins towards the close of the last of the ten years of the : its incidents extend over some fifty days only, and it ends with the burial of . The things which came before and after were told by other bards, who between them narrated the whole " cycle " of the events of the war, and so were called the Cyclic Poets. Of their works none have survived ; but the story of what befell between Hector's funeral and the taking of Troy is told in detail, and well told, in a poem about half as long as the Iliad. Some four imndred years after Christ there lived at Smyrna a poet of whom we know scarce anything, save that his first name was Quintus. He had saturated himself with the spirit of Homer, he had caught the ring of his music, and he perhaps had before him the works of those Cyclic Poets whose stars had paled before the sun. We have practically no external evidence as to the date or place of birth of Quintus of Smyrna, or for the sources whence he drew his materials. His date is approximately settled by two passages in INTRODUCTION the poem, viz. vi. 531 sqq., in which occurs an illustration drawn from the man-and-beast fights of the amphitheatre, which were suppressed by Theo- dosius I. (379-395 a.d.) ; and xiii. 335 sqq., which contains a prophecy, the special particularity of which, it is maintained by Koechly, limits its applic- ability to the middle of the fourth century a.d.

His place of birth, and the precise locality, is given by himself in xii. 308-313, and confirmatory evidence is aftbrded by his familiarity, of which he gives numerous instances, with many natural features of the western part of Asia Minor. With respect to his authorities, and the use he made of their writings, there has been more differ- ence of opinion. Since his narrative covers the same ground as the Aelhiopis (Coming of Memnon) and the Iliupersis (Destruction of Troy) of Arctinus

(circ. 776 B.C.), and the Little Iliad of Lesches {circ. 700 B.C.), it has been assumed that the work of

Quintus " is little more than an amplification or re- modelling of the works of these two Cyclic Poets." This, however, must needs be pure conjecture, as the only remains of these poets consist of frag- ments amounting to no more than a very few lines from each, and of the ^^ summaries of contents" made by the grammarian Proclus {circ. 140 a.d.), which, again, we but get at second-hand through the Bibliotheca of Photius (ninth century). Now, not merely do the only descriptions of incident that are found in the fragments differ essentially from the corresponding incidents as described by Quintus, but vi INTRODUCTION even in the summaries, meagre as they are, we find, as German critics have shown by exhaustive investiga- tion, serious discrepancies enough to justify us in the conclusion that, even if Quintus had the works of the

Cyclic poets before him, which is far from certain, his poem was no mere remodelling of theirs, but an independent and practically original work. Not that this conclusion disposes by any means of all difficulties. If Quintus did not follow the Cyclic poets, from what source did he draw his materials ? The German critic unhesitatingly answers, " from Homer." As regards language, versification, and

is general spirit, the matter beyond controversy ; but when we come to consider the incidents of the story, we find deviations from Homer even more serious than any of those from the Cyclic poets.

And the strange thing is, that each of these de- viations is a manifest detriment to the perfection of his poem ; in each of them the writer has missed, or has rejected, a magnificent opportunity. With regard to the slaying of Achilles by the hand of only, and not by those of Apollo and , he might have pleaded that Homer himself here speaks with an uncertain voice (cf. //. xv. 416-17, xxii. 355-60, and xxi. 277-78). But, in describing the fight for the body of Achilles (^Od. xxiv. 36 sqq.)j Homer makes say

** So we grappled the livelong day, and we had not refrained us then, But Zeus sent a hurricane, stilling the storm of the battle of men."

• • Vll INTRODUCTION

Now, it is just in describing such natural phenomena, and in blending them with the turmoil of battle,

that Quintus is in his element ; yet for such a scene he substitutes what is, by comparison, a lame and impotent conclusion. Of that awful cry that rang over the sea heralding the coming of and the to the death-rites of her son, and the panic

with which it filled the host, Quintus is silent.

Again, Homer {Od. iv. 274-89) describes how Helen came in the night with , and stood by the Wooden Horse, and called to each of the hidden warriors with the voice of his own wife. This thrilling scene Quintus omits, and su])stitutes nothing of his own. Later on, he makes slay Deiphobus unresisting, "heavy with wine," whereas

Homer^ {Od. viii. 517-20) makes him offer such a magnificent resistance, that Odysseus and Menelaus together could not kill him without the help of Athena. In fact, we may say that, though there are echoes of the Iliad all through the poem, yet, wherever Homer has, in the Odyssey, given the out- line-sketch of an effective scene, Quintus has uni-

formly neglected to develop it, has sometimes substituted something much weaker—as though he

had not the Odyssey before him ! For this we have no satisfactory explanation to offer. He may have set his own judgment above

Homer—a most unlikely hypothesis : he may have been consistently following, in the framework of his story, some original now lost to us : there may be more, and longer, lacunae in the text than any

viii INTRODUCTION

editors have ventured to indicate : but_, whatever

theory we adopt, it must be based on mere con- jecture.

The Greek text here given is that of Koechly (1850) with many of Zimmermann's emendations, which are acknowledged in the notes. Passages enclosed in square brackets are suggestions of Koechly for supplying the general sense of lacunae. Where he has made no such suggestion, or none that seemed to tlie editors to be adequate, the lacuna has been indicated by asteiisks, though liere too a few^ words have been added in the translation^ suHicient to connect the sense.

In the notes P = Codex ParrJiasianus. V = vulgaia plerorunique lectio.

IX BIBLIOGRAPHY

The first MS. {Codex Hydruntinus) of the Posthomerica ever discovered was found in the fifteenth century by Cardinal Bessarion in a convent at Otranto in Calabria, from which circumstance the poet has been named Quinius Calaber, This MS. has been lost, but many hasty and imperfect copies were early made of it. The most ancient, and also the best, of the extant MSS. are the Codex Parrhasianus, which is complete, and the Codex Monacensis, which contains I.-III., IV. 1-10, and XII. Next in value is the CoO.ejx, Venetus, which is extant in a copy that belonged to Cardinal Bessarion. This MS. con- tains the Iliad, Posthomerica, Odyssey, Hymns, and Batra- chomyomachia.

Principal Texts and Commentaries.

The first printed edition was that of Aldus ( Venice, 1504), compiled from various imperfect transcripts of the Codex Hydruntinus. A carefully collated edition was, after thirty years' critical study, produced by Rhodomann (Hanover, 1604). Tychsen's great revision appeared in 1807 {Deux Ponts); that of Lehrs {Bihliotheque Diderot, Paris) in 1839; that of Koechly, with'prolegomena and commentary {Leipsic) in 1850 ; that of Zimmermann, with full apparatus criticv^, in 1891 {Teubner, Leipsic).

Monographs, etc.

Sainte-Beuve, Quinte Smyme in J^tudes aur Virrjile (Paris, 1871). Kemptgow, De Quinti Smymaeifontibua (Kiel, 1891). BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ADDENDUM (1984)

Editions

Bude edition, La suite d'Homere, with translation and notes by Francis Vian, 3 volumes, Paris: I (1-4), 1963: II (5-9), 1966; III (10-14), 1969 Le postofneriche 1-2, G. Pompella, Naples 1979

Commentary

M. Campbell, Book 12 (Mnem. Suppl. 71), Leiden 1981

Translation

F. M. Combellack, The War at Troy I What Homer didn-t tell (with introduction and notes), Norman, Okl. 1968

Monographs

G. W. Paschal, ,4 Study of Quintus of Smyrna, Diss. Chicago 1904 F. Vian, Histoire de la tradition manuscrite de Quintus de Smyrrie, Paris 1959 (see also addenda in RPh 39 [1965] 48-55) F. Vian, Recherch.es sur les Posthomerica de Quintus de Smyrne, Paris 1959

Reference

R. Keydell: Quintus von Smyrna: RE Vol. 47 (1963) 1271-1296

XI

THE FALL OF TROY

BOOK I KOINTOY

THN ME0 OMHPON

Aoro^ npnTO^

Kai e TTupr) KareSa'yjre koX oarka 'yala K6K€vdei>,

Srj Tore Tpcoe? 6/jli/jLvov dva TlpLafioio TroXrja

S€c8l6t€<^ fMevo<; r)v Opaav(f)povo<; AlaKiSao'

rjiir ivl ^vXoxolcti, /36e<; ^oavpolo \€ovto<; 6 eXOefxev ovk eOekovaiv ivavriai, dWa (pe^ovraL lXtjBov TrTCOo-crovcrai dva pcoTTijia irVKvd' o)? ol dvd irroXieOpov virerpeaav o^pifjuov dvhpa pLvrjcrdp^evoL Trporepcov, oiroawv diro Oupov Layjrev

6vwv ^IBaloio Trepl irpo'^of/ac %KapdvBpov, lo i^S 6cr(Tov<; (f)€v

"FjKTopd 6^ o)? ehdpaaae fcal dp^eipvaae ttoXtjl,

dXXov<; 0' (09 iSdl^e Sc dKapdroto OaXdaafj^

oTTTTore St) rd Trpcora (j)epe Tpoieacnv oXeOpov, TOiV oi 76 pvqaOevre^ dvd TrroXUOpov epi/ivov* 15

dp(f)l S' dpa a(f)L(Tt 7revOo<; dvirjpbv ireirorriTO

ct)9 Tjhr) (TTOvoevTL KaraiOopevT)^ irvpl Tpolrji;, QUINTUS SMYRNAEUS THE FALL OF TROY

BOOK 1

How died for Troy the Queen of the AmazonSf Penthesileia

When godlike Hector by Peleides slain Passed^ and the pyre had ravined up his fleshy And earth had veiled his bones_, the Trojans then Tarried in 's city, sore afraid

Before the might of stout-heart Aeacus' son : As kine they were, that midst the copses shrink From faring forth to meet a lion grim,

But in dense thickets terror-huddled cower ; So in their fortress shivered these to see That mighty man. Of those already dead They thought—of all whose lives he reft away As by 's outfall on he rushed, And all that in mid-flight to that high wall He slew, how he quelled Hector, how he haled His corse round Troy ; —yea, and of all beside L-aid low by him since that first day whereon O'er restless seas he brought the Trojans doom. Ay, all these they remembered, while they stayed Thus in their town, and o'er them anguished grief Hovered dark-winged, as though that very day All Troy with shrieks were crumbling down in fire. QUINTUS SMYRNAEUS

Kal TOT€ Sep/jLCtiSovTOf; air evpvTropoto peidpwv rjXvOe UevOeaiXeca Oewv iTriet/jiivr] elSo?, a/ji(f)co Kol arovoevTO'^ ieXBo/nevr] TroXepbOio 20

KoX fiey aXevajievrj a-rvyeprjv Kal aetKea (f)r]/jLr)V, pLi] Tfc? ebv Kara hrjpiov e\e'y)(eiy)ai '^^aXeyjrrj a/jLcj)! KaacyvyjTtjf;, ^9 e'lvcKa TreV^o? ae^ev, 'l7r7ro\vT7]<;' rrjv yap pa KareKrave Bovpl Kparaio), ov fikv hrj TL eKOvaa, rirvaKO/jLevT] 8* eXd^oLO' 25 T0UV6K apa TpoL7j<; epcKvSeof; lk€to yalav. 7r/5o? 8' ere 01 roSe 6vp,o^ apr]io<^ opfiaiveaKev, 6(ppa KaOr/pafievr) irepX Xyjiara \vypa ^ovoio (7/ji€pSa\ea

Gvv Be ol dXXat eirovro BucoSeKa it daat dyavai, irdaai ieXBofxevat TroXe/iov Kal deiKca 'x^dpfxr^v, al ol S/jL(olS6<; eaKov dyaKXeiTai irep iovaar 35 aW* apa Traadwv fiey inrelpex^ TlepOecriXeia' ft)9 8* or dv ovpavov evpvv ev darpdai Sla a€Xr]vrj eKirpeireL ev iravTeaatv dpc^7]Xr) yeyavla al6epo<; dfKpipayevro^ vtto vecpicov ipiBovTToyv, €VT dvefjLcov evSrjcn pevo<; fieya XdjSpov devrwv 40 ft}? Tj y ev nrdarjai /jLereTrpeirev eaavpLeprjatv. ev0* dp erjv KXovlt) TloXe/jLOvad re Arjpivor] re KvavSprj re kul ^AvjdvBprj Kal Bla ^pefiovaa 7)8e Kal ^\iTiro66ri, fxerd 8* Kppodor) KvavwiTL^ 'AXKi/Slr} re Kal 'Avrt^porrj Kal ArjpLpdx€ca, 45 8' rfj CTTC Sepadihwo-a pey ey^el Kvhiowaa' rocaai dp d/j.(f)L€7rovTO hat^povL YLevOeaiXeirj* 4 : ;

THE FALL OF TROY, BOOK I

Then from Thermodon, from ])road - sweeping streams, Came, clothed upon with beauty of Goddesses, Penthesileia—came athirst indeed For groan-resounding battle, but yet more Fleeing abhorred reproach and evil fame. Lest they of her own folk should rail on her Because of her own sister's death, for whom Ever her sorrows waxed, Hippolyte, Whom she had—struck dead with her mighty spear. Not of her will 'twas at a stag she hurled. So came she to the far-famed land of Troy. Yea, and her warrior spirit pricked her on. Of murder's dread pollution thus to cleanse Her soul, and with such sacrifice to appease The Awful Ones, the Erinnyes, who in wrath For her slain sister straightway haunted her

Unseen : for ever round the sinner's steps

They hover ; none may 'scape those Goddesses. And with her followed twelve beside, each one A princess, hot for war and battle grim, Far-famous each, yet handmaids unto her Penthesileia far outshone them all. As when in the broad sky amidst the stars The moon rides over all pre-eminent, When through the thunderclouds the cleaving heavens Open, when sleep the fury-breathing winds So peerless was she mid that charging host. Clonie was there, Polemusa, Derinoe, Evandr^, and Antandre, and Bremusa, Hippothoe, dark-eyed Harmothoe, Alcibie, Derimacheia, Antibrote, And Thermodosa glorying with the spear. All these to battle fared with warrior-souled

Penthesileia : even as when descends QUINTUS SMYRNAEUS o'lt} 8' dfca/xdroio KaTep-)(eraL OvXv/jlttoio

Hft)9 fiapfiapeoLcnv dyaWofxevrj (f)p€va<; I'ttttol^ Upaoyv fier' ev7r\o/cd/uL(op, fierd he a^icn Trdarj^ so eKTrpiirec djXaov et5o9 dp.wp,'ijTOc<; irep iovarjf;' TOiT) TievOecnXeia /jloXcp ttotI TpcoLov acnv e^o')(o^ eV Trdcrrjaiv ^Afia^oaLV dp,(f)l he Tpoie? irdvToOev €(t

dfjLpvat S' Ipepof-vra 6

7)hr) diravaiPOPTai ieXSop^epac Af09 vScop, oyire 5* vir'q'^vpdr] p,eya^ ovpap6

ft)9 8' or dprjp dXaoldLP iir 6p,p,aaL iroXXa p,oyjj(7a^

lp,€Lpo)P ISieiP iepop <^do^ rj OapeeaOat 6 : ; ; ;

THE FALL OF TROY, BOOK I

Dawn from ' crest of adamant, Dawn, heart-exultant in her radiant steeds all, Amidst the bright-haired Hours ; and o'er them How flawless-fair soever these may be. Her splendour of beauty glows pre-eminent So peerless amid all the Unto Troy-town Penthesileia came. To riofht, to left, from all sides hurrying thronged The Trojans, greatl}' marvelling, when they saw The tireless War-god's child, the mailed maid.

Like to the Blessed Gods ; for in her face Glowed beauty glorious and terrible.

Her smile was ravishing : beneath her brows Her love-enkindling eyes shone like to stars. And with the crimson rose of shamefastness Bright were her cheeks, and mantled over them Unearthly grace with battle-prowess clad. Then joyed Troy's folk, despite past agonies. As when, far-gazing from a height, the hinds Behold a rainbow spanning the wide sea, When they be yearning for the heaven-sent shower. When the parched fields be craving for the rain Then the great sky at last is overgloomed. And men see that fair sign of coming wind And imminent rain, and seeing, they are glad. Who for their corn-fields' plight sore sighed before Even so the sons of Troy when they beheld There in their land Penthesileia dread

Afire for battle, were exceeding glad ; For when the heart is thrilled with hope of good. All smart of evils past is wiped away So, after all his sighing and his pain. Gladdened a little while was Priam's soul. As when a man who hath suffered many a pang From blinded eyes, sore longing to behold The light, and, if he may not, fain would die. QUINTUS SMYRNAEUS

rj TTovo) irjTTJpot; dfiv/jLovo

o/jLfiar^ a7ra')(\v(TavT0<; lStj (pdo'i i^pLyeveirj^,

ov fiev oaov ro irdpoidev, o^ax; S* dpa ^aiov Idvdrj 80

8' TToWrjf; ifc KaKorrjToi;, €')(^et en Tr/^yaaro? d\yo<; alvov vTTo ^AecpdpoiaL XeXeifM/jLevov o)? dpa heivrjv

vio<; Aaofie8ovTo<; eaehpaKe YlevOeaiketav' iravpov fi€V yrjOr^ae, to Be irXiov elcreri, TralBwv dyyvT aTTOKTa/jLevcov. aye S et? ed Sco/jLar dvaacrav, 85

Kal fiiv 7rpo(f)pov€(o

Kal ol BopTTOv erev^e TraveiBarov, olov eBouai

KvBdXifioi /9a(TfX,>}e9, 6t^ eOvea Br)(i)aavTe<;

BaivvvT iv OaXiycrii^ dyaXXofievoL irepl vlktj^;' qq

Bwpa Be ol Trope KaXd Kal oX^ia, iroXXd 5' vTrecrrr]

Bwaefiev, -qv Tpayeacrc Ba'i^o/jLevoL<; eira/jLVvrj.

7) S' a/j' virea'xeTO epyov, o ovirore Ovtjto'^ icoXirei,

Br)(0(recv ^A')(^cXr]a Kal evpea Xaov oXeaaetv 'Apyelcov, irvpaov Be vecov KaOvirepOe ^aXeaOar 95 viittIt)' ovBe Tt 17377 evfjL/jLeXlrjv ^A^iXrja, oaaov VTrepraro^i rfev evl

T"^? 8* fw? ovv eirdKOvaev eu? Trai? 'Herttoi^o?

^AvBpo^d^r), fidXa rola <^l\(p irpoaeXe^aro Ov/jlo)' " a BecXt], tI vv Toacra ixeya ^poveovcr dyopeu€C<: ; 100 ov yap roL a6evo