The Meeting Place. Radio Features in the Shina Language of Gilgit
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Grammatical Gender in Hindukush Languages
Grammatical gender in Hindukush languages An areal-typological study Julia Lautin Department of Linguistics Independent Project for the Degree of Bachelor 15 HEC General linguistics Bachelor's programme in Linguistics Spring term 2016 Supervisor: Henrik Liljegren Examinator: Bernhard Wälchli Expert reviewer: Emil Perder Project affiliation: “Language contact and relatedness in the Hindukush Region,” a research project supported by the Swedish Research Council (421-2014-631) Grammatical gender in Hindukush languages An areal-typological study Julia Lautin Abstract In the mountainous area of the Greater Hindukush in northern Pakistan, north-western Afghanistan and Kashmir, some fifty languages from six different genera are spoken. The languages are at the same time innovative and archaic, and are of great interest for areal-typological research. This study investigates grammatical gender in a 12-language sample in the area from an areal-typological perspective. The results show some intriguing features, including unexpected loss of gender, languages that have developed a gender system based on the semantic category of animacy, and languages where this animacy distinction is present parallel to the inherited gender system based on a masculine/feminine distinction found in many Indo-Aryan languages. Keywords Grammatical gender, areal-typology, Hindukush, animacy, nominal categories Grammatiskt genus i Hindukush-språk En areal-typologisk studie Julia Lautin Sammanfattning I den här studien undersöks grammatiskt genus i ett antal språk som talas i ett bergsområde beläget i norra Pakistan, nordvästra Afghanistan och Kashmir. I området, här kallat Greater Hindukush, talas omkring 50 olika språk från sex olika språkfamiljer. Det stora antalet språk tillsammans med den otillgängliga terrängen har gjort att språken är arkaiska i vissa hänseenden och innovativa i andra, vilket gör det till ett intressant område för arealtypologisk forskning. -
(And Potential) Language and Linguistic Resources on South Asian Languages
CoRSAL Symposium, University of North Texas, November 17, 2017 Existing (and Potential) Language and Linguistic Resources on South Asian Languages Elena Bashir, The University of Chicago Resources or published lists outside of South Asia Digital Dictionaries of South Asia in Digital South Asia Library (dsal), at the University of Chicago. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/ . Some, mostly older, not under copyright dictionaries. No corpora. Digital Media Archive at University of Chicago https://dma.uchicago.edu/about/about-digital-media-archive Hock & Bashir (eds.) 2016 appendix. Lists 9 electronic corpora, 6 of which are on Sanskrit. The 3 non-Sanskrit entries are: (1) the EMILLE corpus, (2) the Nepali national corpus, and (3) the LDC-IL — Linguistic Data Consortium for Indian Languages Focus on Pakistan Urdu Most work has been done on Urdu, prioritized at government institutions like the Center for Language Engineering at the University of Engineering and Technology in Lahore (CLE). Text corpora: http://cle.org.pk/clestore/index.htm (largest is a 1 million word Urdu corpus from the Urdu Digest. Work on Essential Urdu Linguistic Resources: http://www.cle.org.pk/eulr/ Tagset for Urdu corpus: http://cle.org.pk/Publication/papers/2014/The%20CLE%20Urdu%20POS%20Tagset.pdf Urdu OCR: http://cle.org.pk/clestore/urduocr.htm Sindhi Sindhi is the medium of education in some schools in Sindh Has more institutional backing and consequent research than other languages, especially Panjabi. Sindhi-English dictionary developed jointly by Jennifer Cole at the University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign and Sarmad Hussain at CLE (http://182.180.102.251:8081/sed1/homepage.aspx). -
Pakistan's Institutions
Pakistan’s Institutions: Pakistan’s Pakistan’s Institutions: We Know They Matter, But How Can They We Know They Matter, But How Can They Work Better? Work They But How Can Matter, They Know We Work Better? Edited by Michael Kugelman and Ishrat Husain Pakistan’s Institutions: We Know They Matter, But How Can They Work Better? Edited by Michael Kugelman Ishrat Husain Pakistan’s Institutions: We Know They Matter, But How Can They Work Better? Essays by Madiha Afzal Ishrat Husain Waris Husain Adnan Q. Khan, Asim I. Khwaja, and Tiffany M. Simon Michael Kugelman Mehmood Mandviwalla Ahmed Bilal Mehboob Umar Saif Edited by Michael Kugelman Ishrat Husain ©2018 The Wilson Center www.wilsoncenter.org This publication marks a collaborative effort between the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars’ Asia Program and the Fellowship Fund for Pakistan. www.wilsoncenter.org/program/asia-program fffp.org.pk Asia Program Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 Cover: Parliament House Islamic Republic of Pakistan, © danishkhan, iStock THE WILSON CENTER, chartered by Congress as the official memorial to President Woodrow Wilson, is the nation’s key nonpartisan policy forum for tackling global issues through independent research and open dialogue to inform actionable ideas for Congress, the Administration, and the broader policy community. Conclusions or opinions expressed in Center publications and programs are those of the authors and speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center staff, fellows, trustees, advisory groups, or any individuals or organizations that provide financial support to the Center. -
Language Documentation and Description
Language Documentation and Description ISSN 1740-6234 ___________________________________________ This article appears in: Language Documentation and Description, vol 17. Editor: Peter K. Austin Countering the challenges of globalization faced by endangered languages of North Pakistan ZUBAIR TORWALI Cite this article: Torwali, Zubair. 2020. Countering the challenges of globalization faced by endangered languages of North Pakistan. In Peter K. Austin (ed.) Language Documentation and Description 17, 44- 65. London: EL Publishing. Link to this article: http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/181 This electronic version first published: July 2020 __________________________________________________ This article is published under a Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial). The licence permits users to use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article provided that the author is attributed as the original creator and that the reuse is restricted to non-commercial purposes i.e. research or educational use. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ______________________________________________________ EL Publishing For more EL Publishing articles and services: Website: http://www.elpublishing.org Submissions: http://www.elpublishing.org/submissions Countering the challenges of globalization faced by endangered languages of North Pakistan Zubair Torwali Independent Researcher Summary Indigenous communities living in the mountainous terrain and valleys of the region of Gilgit-Baltistan and upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, northern -
Mother Tongue Or the Other Tongue? That Is the Question!
Mother Tongue or the Other Tongue? That is the Question! Shumaila Shafket Ali Abstract Pakistan is a country with diverse cultures and languages but this cultural and linguistic diversity is hardly utilized in any of the domains of power, including the domain of education. Despite the fact that UNESCO has declared mother tongue education the right of every child, Pakistani children are deprived of this basic linguistic right which, according to the findings of neurolinguistic research, leads to cognitive development. If cognitive development takes place in one‟s mother tongue, depriving children of the opportunity to get mother tongue education implies inhibiting their cognitive development, which is a blatant violation of the linguistic rights of millions of children in several multilingual countries including Pakistan. The present study attempts to take into consideration university students‟ and teachers‟ opinion regarding the issue of medium of instruction and mother tongue education, as they are the actual stake-holders as far as the language and education policy of the country is concerned. The data for the study were gathered through focus group discussions with the students of the University of Karachi representing eight different ethno-linguistic groups along with teachers‟ interviews. The study not only projects students‟ and teachers‟ point of view but also highlights the factors that impede mother tongue education in the country affecting the cognitive growth of children, which ultimately affects their academic performance. In the light of the stake-holders‟ opinions, an effort is made to propose a series of recommendations for a feasible trilingual language and education policy that can help resolve the issue of medium of instruction by incorporating mother tongue education without neglecting the mainstream languages. -
EASO Country of Origin Information Report Pakistan Security Situation
European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Pakistan Security Situation October 2018 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Pakistan Security Situation October 2018 More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). ISBN: 978-92-9476-319-8 doi: 10.2847/639900 © European Asylum Support Office 2018 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, unless otherwise stated. For third-party materials reproduced in this publication, reference is made to the copyrights statements of the respective third parties. Cover photo: FATA Faces FATA Voices, © FATA Reforms, url, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 Neither EASO nor any person acting on its behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained herein. EASO COI REPORT PAKISTAN: SECURITY SITUATION — 3 Acknowledgements EASO would like to acknowledge the Belgian Center for Documentation and Research (Cedoca) in the Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, as the drafter of this report. Furthermore, the following national asylum and migration departments have contributed by reviewing the report: The Netherlands, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Office for Country Information and Language Analysis Hungary, Office of Immigration and Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Office Documentation Centre Slovakia, Migration Office, Department of Documentation and Foreign Cooperation Sweden, Migration Agency, Lifos -
A Study of Fm Radios in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
New media technologies ROLE OF FM RADIOS IN NEWS AND INFORMATION: A STUDY OF FM RADIOS IN PESHAWAR, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA Rahman ULLAH1 1Lecturer, Iqra National University Peshawar, Pakistan Corresponding author: Rahman Ullah; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The first FM Radio station was established in The study was conducted to examine the role of FM Karachi, by Pakistan broadcasting corporation, Radios in the dissemination of different type of news and as a musical Channel. FM Radio rapidly grew information through various contents in their daily due to a high quality of sound. Secondly, it broadcasting. To achieve the objectives of the study, as quantitative methodology, the researchers used the survey broadcasted programmes in local languages and technique for data collection. A questionnaire was dialects which attracted a large audience distributed among 300 respondents in Peshawar city, while (Pakistan, 2015). Besides Radio Pakistan, a data was collected through the simple random sampling method. The findings of the study revealed that each of the Number of FM radio stations broadcast news eight FM Radio stations working in Peshawar, which cover and information programs, but most radio most of KP, PATA, FR and FATA, have their own objectives content is music and entertainment. of broadcasting, like education, information and Radio is a dominant media in Pakistan, entertainment. The study shows that the number of designed programs broadcasted for FM radio stations for especially in rural areas, because of excessive news and information fulfil the needs of the audiences in load shedding and lack of TV signals. It is also Peshawar. This research has also shown the compatibility popular in urban areas due to airing latest songs with the Uses and Gratification Theory. -
VOA Broadcasting to Pakistan in Urdu
VOA Broadcasting to Pakistan in Urdu VOA’s Urdu service provides a wide variety of programs on multiple platforms, and is a reliable source of news and information in Pakistan and the diaspora. VOA Urdu broadcasts on TV, medium wave, FM networks, and its website carries live streams of the service’s TV and radio programs, along with special web-only video. Features and Programs Quick Facts TV: Date Established: May, 1951 View 360 – a 25-minute show on AAJ News Pakistan, launched on April 17, 2017. A fast-paced news and current affairs show provides Target Areas: Pakistan, including unbiased news and views on U.S.- Pakistan relations, education, FATA, Pakistani science, health, entertainment and the Pakistani diaspora. The show diaspora in the Middle East, engages analysts and experts from different walks of life. It airs Europe, and Urdu- Monday to Friday 7:30 PM on AAJ TV. speaking population in India and around Washington Bureau - VOA Urdu actively engages as the the world. Washington Bureau with several affiliates in Pakistan, offering TV packages and interviews via Skype, telephone or satellite. Urdu TV Weekly audience: 7% in Pakistan team members regularly appear on the news and talk shows of affiliates to offer updates on the latest developments in the U.S. TV: 2 hours 8 min. weekly (original) Web and Digital Platforms Radio: 18 hours 30 min. weekly VOA Urdu’s website www.urduvoa.com provides web-exclusive interviews, special features and news. It also includes radio and television content, as well as cultural and literary features. Urdu web is also expanding its reach through social media, publishing videos Broadcast programs and additional and experimenting with Facebook Live, OBS, Twitter, Periscope and features are available at: Instagram. -
[.35 **Natural Language Processing Class Here Computational Linguistics See Manual at 006.35 Vs
006 006 006 DeweyiDecimaliClassification006 006 [.35 **Natural language processing Class here computational linguistics See Manual at 006.35 vs. 410.285 *Use notation 019 from Table 1 as modified at 004.019 400 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 400 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 [400 [400 *‡Language Class here interdisciplinary works on language and literature For literature, see 800; for rhetoric, see 808. For the language of a specific discipline or subject, see the discipline or subject, plus notation 014 from Table 1, e.g., language of science 501.4 (Option A: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, class in 410, where full instructions appear (Option B: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, place before 420 through use of a letter or other symbol. Full instructions appear under 420–490) 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 SUMMARY [401–409 Standard subdivisions and bilingualism [410 Linguistics [420 English and Old English (Anglo-Saxon) [430 German and related languages [440 French and related Romance languages [450 Italian, Dalmatian, Romanian, Rhaetian, Sardinian, Corsican [460 Spanish, Portuguese, Galician [470 Latin and related Italic languages [480 Classical Greek and related Hellenic languages [490 Other languages 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [401 *‡Philosophy and theory See Manual at 401 vs. 121.68, 149.94, 410.1 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [.3 *‡International languages Class here universal languages; general -
Evidentiality, Egophoricity, and Engagement
Evidentiality, egophoricity, and engagement Edited by Henrik Bergqvist Seppo Kittilä language Studies in Diversity Linguistics 30 science press Studies in Diversity Linguistics Editor: Martin Haspelmath In this series: 1. Handschuh, Corinna. A typology of 18. Paggio, Patrizia and Albert Gatt (eds.). The markedS languages. languages of Malta. 2. Rießler, Michael. Adjective attribution. 19. Seržant, Ilja A. & Alena WitzlackMakarevich 3. Klamer, Marian (ed.). The AlorPantar (eds.). Diachrony of differential argument languages: History and typology. marking. 4. Berghäll, Liisa. A grammar of Mauwake 20. Hölzl, Andreas. A typology of questions in (Papua New Guinea). Northeast Asia and beyond: An ecological 5. Wilbur, Joshua. A grammar of Pite Saami. perspective. 6. Dahl, Östen. Grammaticalization in the 21. Riesberg, Sonja, Asako Shiohara & Atsuko North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Utsumi (eds.). Perspectives on information Scandinavian vernaculars. structure in Austronesian languages. 7. Schackow, Diana. A grammar of Yakkha. 22. Döhler, Christian. A grammar of Komnzo. 8. Liljegren, Henrik. A grammar of Palula. 23. Yakpo, Kofi. A Grammar of Pichi. 9. Shimelman, Aviva. A grammar of Yauyos Quechua. 24. Guérin Valérie (ed.). Bridging constructions. 10. Rudin, Catherine & Bryan James Gordon 25. AguilarGuevara, Ana, Julia Pozas Loyo & (eds.). Advances in the study of Siouan Violeta VázquezRojas Maldonado *eds.). languages and linguistics. Definiteness across languages. 11. Kluge, Angela. A grammar of Papuan Malay. 26. Di Garbo, Francesca, Bruno Olsson & 12. Kieviet, Paulus. A grammar of Rapa Nui. Bernhard Wälchli (eds.). Grammatical 13. Michaud, Alexis. Tone in Yongning Na: gender and linguistic complexity: Volume I: Lexical tones and morphotonology. General issues and specific studies. 14. -
Karakorum Himalaya: Sourcebook for a Protected Area
7 Karakorum Himalaya: Sourcebook for a Protected Area Nigel J. R. Allan 8 The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of IUCN. IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Pakistan 1 Bath Island Road, Karachi 75530 © 1995 by IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Pakistan All rights reserved ISBN 969-8141-13-8 Contents Preface v Introduction 1 1 HISTORY Natural Heritage 11 Geology 11 Glaciology 14 Associative Cultural Landscape 17 Local Ideas and Beliefs about Mountains 17 Culturally Specific Communication Networks 20 2 DESCRIPTION AND INVENTORY Physiography and Climate 23 Flora 24 Fauna 25 Juridical and Management Qualities 29 3 PHOTOGRAPHIC AND CARTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION Historial Photographs 33 Large Format Books 33 Landscape Paintings 33 Maps and Nomenclature 34 4 PUBLIC AWARENESS Records of Expeditions 37 World Literature and History 43 Tourism 52 Scientific and Census Reports 56 Guidebooks 66 International Conflict 66 5 RELATED BIBLIOGRAPHIC MATERIALS 69 Author Index 71 Place Index 81 iii iv4 5 Preface This sourcebook for a protected area has its origins in a lecture I gave at the Environment and Policy Institute of the East-West Center in Honolulu in 1987. The lecture was about my seasons of field work in the Karakorum Himalaya. Norton Ginsberg, the director of the Institute, alerted me to the fact that the Encyclopedia Britannica would be revising their entries on Asian mountains shortly and suggested that I update the Karakorum entry. The eventual publication of that entry under my name (Allan 1992), however, omitted most of the literature references I had accumulated. As my reference list continued to expand I decided to order them in some coherent fashion and publish them as a sourcebook to coincide with the IUCN workshop on mountain protected areas in Skardu in September 1994. -
BC-DX 280 31 Dec 1996 ANGUILLA New 6090 Khz Carib
BC-DX 280 31 Dec 1996 ________________________________________________________________________ ANGUILLA New 6090 kHz Caribbean Beacon 0610 //5935 (non Aguilla, via WWCR) Cr. Gene Scott talking about first night. Broadcasting only at nights with 80 kW while testing tx. They will announce day freq on Sun, Dec 29. Asking for reception reports. Recheck 0735 UTC and they were gone. (Hans Johnson-USA, Dec 28) Thanks to a tip from Hans Johnson and Cumbre DX, 6090 kHz Caribbean Beacon noted with an open carrier at 0340 UTC, audio started 0400 UTC sharp //WWCR-5035, and the first 10 minutes Scott was asking for telephone reports on the signal. Here on the NRD-535D, on the high 300-ft inverted-L it is +50dB/s9, the low 50-ft doublet (with the high skywave angle) it is +60dB/s9. Telephone reports started up coast to coast by 0413 UTC. Hardly difficult. (Tom Sundstrom-NJ, 29 Dec) 6090 kHz - 0410 UTC, rock mx, Dr. Scott talking about the new txer, saying at one point it was "just shy of" 75 kw, at another 80 kw, "100% modulation." Invited calls to their usual phone numbers, and ran down the calls they had been getting from listeners, mostly west coasters, TX, KS, etc, all of whom seemed to be having better reception than I was. Good strength, though I would have expected better; a hum on the signal; and a bad fqy in my area, with splatter in both directions from DW powerhouses on 6085 and 6100 until DW closes at 0600. Better, and dominant, thereafter, but nowhere near as good as the //WWCR-5935 signal.