DOCSLIB.ORG

Notching Affects Bud Break of Dracaena Fragrans

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Notching Affects Bud Break of Dracaena Fragrans Table 4. Percent water use of 5 foliage plants maintained indoors under two light intensities and treated with 0.0 or 0.5 ml paclobutrazol/15 cm pot applied 12 September 1991. Percent water use compared for light and paclobutrazol treatment. Water use measured from 10 September 1991 until 2 January 1992. Epipremnum Dieffenbachia aureum Light intensity Araucaria maculata 'Golden Polyscias Radermachera ft-cz heterophylla 'Camille' Pothos' fruticosa sinica 75 65 70 58 62 51 150 100 100 100 100 100 Paclobutrazol (ml) 0.0 108 116 105 107 114 0.5 100 100 100 100 100 zPlants received light 12 hours daily from cool white fluorescent bulbs. 3 and 4). Paclobutrazol-treated 'Camille' dieffenbachia and Halevy, A. H. and B. Kessler. 1963. Increased tolerance of bean plants China doll consumed less water from reservoirs than non- to soil drought by means of growth-retarding substances. Nature treated plants (Tables 3 and 4) but, as stated above, overall 197:310-311. Hamada, M., T. Hosoki, and T. Maeda. 1990. Shoot length control of quality of dieffenbachia was adversely affected by pac tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) with uniconazole and paclobutrazol. lobutrazol. HortScience 25:198-200. While water consumption was influenced primarily by Latimer, J. G. 1992. Drought, paclobutrazol, abscisic acid and gibberellic light intensity, there was some evidence paclobutrazol- acid as alternatives to daminozide in tomato transplant production. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117:243-247. treated plants consumed less water than untreated plants. LeCain, D. R., K. A. Schekel, and R. L. Wample. 1984. The effect of There was no difference found in plant grades of pac- paclobutrazol on acclimatization of Ficus benjamina. HortScience lobutrazol-treated and non-treated foliage, with the excep 19:587 (abstract). tion of 'Camille' dieffenbachia. LeCain, D. R., K. A. Schekel, and R. L. Wample. 1986. Growth retarding effects of paclobutrazol on weeping fig. HortScience 21:1150-1152. McDaniel, G. L. 1983. Growth retardation activity of paclobutrazol on Literature Cited chrysanthemum. HortScience 18:199-200. Smith, E. F., A. V. Roberts, and J. Mottley. 1990. The preparation in vitro Barrett J. E. and T. A. Nell. 1979. Effects of growth retardants on plant of chrysanthemum for transplantation to soil. 2. Improved resistance water use. Proc. Plant Growth Regulator Working Group 6:69-74. to desiccation conferred by paclobutrazol. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cox, C. A. and G. J. Keever. 1988. Paclobutrazol inhibits growth of Zinnia Cult. 21:133-140. and Geranium. HortScience 23:1029-1030. Swietlik, D. and S. S. Miller. 1983. The effect of paclobutrazol on growth Cox, C. A. and F. F. Whittington. 1988. Effects of paclobutrazol on height response to water stress of apple seedlings. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. and performance of aluminum plant in a simulated interior environ 108:1076-1080. ment. HortScience 23:222. Wang, Y. T. and T. M. Blessington. 1990. Growth of four tropical foliage Davis, T. D., K. Emino, W. Shurtieff, and N. Sankhla. 1985. The promise species treated with paclobutrazol or uniconazole. HortScience of paclobutrazol. Interior Landscape Industry 2(11):36-41. 25:202-204. Hagiladi, A. and A. A. Watad. 1992. Cordyline terminalis plants respond Wilkinson, R. I. and D. Richards. 1988. Influence of paclobutrazol on to foliar sprays and medium drenches of paclobutrazol. HortScience growth and flowering of Camellia X Williamsii. HortScience 23:359- 27:128-130. 360. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 105:180-182. 1992. NOTCHING AFFECTS BUD BREAK OF DRACAENA FRAGRANS 'MASSANGEANA' CANE D. B. MCCONNELL Abstract. When Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker-Gawl is propa University of Florida, IFAS gated from cane, bud break is usually confined to the apical Department of Environmental Horticulture portion of the cane. A market niche exists for rooted cane Gainesville, FL 32611 with bud break and "head" development on the subapical portion of the cane. Notching the cane will induce bud break Maria Costa Smith but little information is available on the size, location or Costa Nursery Farms Inc. number of notches required for optimal bud break. Forty-two 22290 SW 162 Avenue 4 ft. cane sections were obtained from a commercial source Goulds, FL 33170 and divided equally into 7 different notching treatments. Plants were grown in a greenhouse for 12 weeks and bud break and "head" development were evaluated. Plants were Additional index words, foliage plant, propagation. later transferred to interior rooms under 100 ft-c for 12 hrs daily and room temperatures of 80°F for 16 weeks and leaf development of subapical "heads" was monitored. Results Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. N-00720. Mention or use of specific products does not imply endorsements by the showed that subapical bud break did not inhibit apical bud Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. break and apical growth did not suppress subapical growth. 180 Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 105: 1992. Dracaena fragrans is a popular foliage plant that has Table 2. Average count of leaf rosettes ("heads") per identified cane re been used in interiorscapes since the turn of the century gion 22 weeks after notching treatment. (Smith and Scarborough, 1981). It is commonly propa gated from woody cane sections varying in length from 1.5 Apical Region A Region B Region C Treatment* 0-15 cm 15-45 cm 45-75 cm 75-105 cm ft to 6 ft. Commercially, containers of D. fragrans 'Mas- sangeana' canes are produced using three to five bare Nl 5 1 1 canes of different lengths per container. Growers use this N2 3 2 1 method as the cane exhibits strong apical dominance with N3 4 2 I 1 N4 bud break and subsequent growth only on the upper 15 5 1 1 N5 4 1 1 cm of the cane. The 30 to 90 cm long, whorled leaves N6 4 2 1 produced on each growing point are collectively called N7 7 0 0 0 "heads". Although D. fragrans is a monocot, it has a true vascular cambium and undergoes secondary thickening *Excluding the control, there was no significant difference between any of the treatments. (Melendro and McConnell, 1985). Previous research has shown that notching the basal portion of the cane induces tainers filled with Metro-Mix 300 (W. R. Grace & Co., root development immediately above the notch (McCon Cambridge, Mass.). nell and Melendro, 1988). This root development was attri The containers were placed in greenhouse under 70% buted to an accumulation of auxins in the vascular cam light exclusion in a completely random design with bium immediately above the notch. greenhouse heating and cooling controls set at 18°C night If basipetal flow of auxin inhibits bud break on the and 25°C day. Bud break per region and section was re cane, a notch cut in the cane would restrict this auxin flow corded 12, 18 and 22 weeks after notching. The number and permit bud break immediately below the notch. Canes of actively growing "heads" was determined on November with strategically located lateral bud break and leaf growth 11, 1989. Plants were then transferred to interior rooms would have increased commercial value and permit grow where light levels were maintained at 100 ft-c from cool ers to use fewer canes per container. However, little infor white fluorescent lamps for 12 hrs daily with air tempera mation is available on the size, location or number of tures maintained between 25-27°C. Once a month, the notches to induce bud break on the subapical portion of number of new leaves on the apical and sub-apical heads the cane. were determined until termination of the experiment on The objectives of this experiment were to determine March 15, 1990. the size, location, and number of notches for optimal bud break, to determine the ability of these buds to develop Results and Discussion "heads" and to determine if subapical "heads" continue growth under interior conditions. By the 22nd week after treatment, the number of buds that developed into leaf producing branches no longer in creased. In all cases, initial bud swelling and leaf develop Materials and Methods ment occurred 1 to 7 cm below the notch. There were no differences between any of the notching treatments and, Forty-two 4 ft. cane sections were obtained from a com excluding the basal 30 cm of canes in treatment N3, both mercial source on Feb. 9, 1989. After arrival, a 2.5 cm slice spiral and linear arrangement of notches developed at least was removed from the base of all canes and the canes were one bud break per notch (Table 2). When more than one placed basal end down in 45 cm of water and soaked over bud break per notch occurred, it was observed that the night. Each cane was partitioned into three 30 cm regions notch extended over more than one basal leaf scar. Statis beginning 15 cm below the apical end and terminating 15 tically the longer and deeper notch used for treatment N6 cm above the basal end. The regions were designated A, did not promote a greater number of bud breaks. How B, and C, starting at the apical end of the cane. Each cane ever, treatment N3 had two notches per each 30 cm cane was also delineated in 3 equal pie-shaped sections designa region and averaged two developing buds per region A ted 1, 2, or 3. Treatments were applied as listed in Table and B in the upper 60 cm of the cane. Buds in the basal 1 with all notches cut with a pruning saw. After notching, 30 cm of the cane often failed to develop further and the canes were potted in standard black plastic 3-gal con- notches in region C had less than one lateral branch per notch.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indoor Plants Or Houseplants
    Visit us on the Web: www.gardeninghelp.org Indoor Plants or Houseplants Over the past twenty years houseplants have grown in popularity. Offered in a wide variety of sizes, shapes, colors and textures, houseplants beautify our homes and help soften our environment. They have been scientifically proven to improve our health by lowering blood pressure and removing pollutants from the air we breathe. When selecting a houseplant, choose reputable suppliers who specialize in growing houseplants. Get off to a good start by thoroughly examining each plant. Watch for brown edges and spindly growth with elongated stems and large gaps between new leaves. Inspect leaves and stem junctions for signs of insect or disease problems. Check any support stakes to make sure they are not hiding broken stems or branches. Finally, make sure the plant is placed in an area that suits its optimal requirements for light, temperature and humidity. Where to Place Your House Plants With the exception of the very darkest areas, you can always find a houseplant with growth requirements to match the environmental conditions in your home. The most important factors are light intensity and duration. The best way to determine the intensity of light at a window exposure area is to measure it with a light meter. A light meter measures light in units called foot-candles. One foot-candle is the amount of light from a candle spread over a square foot of surface area. Plants that prefer low light may produce dull, lifeless-looking leaves when exposed to bright light. Bright light can also cause leaf spots or brown-tipped scorched margins.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on the Relationship Between Plant Distribution and Local Atmospheric Environment in Guangdong Province
    2018 International Conference on Zoology, Botany and Ecology (ICZBE 2018) Study on the Relationship between Plant Distribution and Local Atmospheric Environment in Guangdong Province 1 1,* Minqing Huang , Desenke 1School of life science , Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 51006, China a Minqing Huang,[email protected], b Desenke,[email protected] *Corresponding author, Tel: 13342884383 Keywords: Vegetation, Air pollution, Phytoremediation. Abstract. Plants can rise to purify the atmosphere, the coverage rate of plants and the species of plants are the influencing factors of the atmospheric environment within a certain area. To explore the relationship of plant distribution and local atmospheric environment association between the Shaoguan and the Zhanjiang in Guangdong Province, we can see the vegetation coverage in Shaoguan area is higher than that in Zhanjiang area, but the plant species in Zhanjiang area is more targeted. In a word, the air quality of Zhanjiang area is higher than in the Shaoguan area. So strengthening the study of phytoremediation of air pollution is beneficial to the sustainable development of ecosystem. 1. Introduction Plants, which can exchange large amounts of gases with air through photosynthesis, are important members of the ecosystem. In addition, the surface of the plant will be deposited dry and wet by pollutants that exist in the atmosphere, while plant cells can dissolve gaseous substances and absorb soluble compounds deposited on the plant surface [1]. And different plants have different effects on their atmospheric environment [2] The zonal forest is a typical evergreen broadleaved forest in the subtropics in the north, a subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in the middle, and a tropical rain forest and a monsoon rainforest in the south in the geographical distribution of Guangdong forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Flora of Motuora Island, Hauraki Gulf Shelley Heiss-Dunlop & Jo Fillery
    Vascular flora of Motuora Island, Hauraki Gulf Shelley Heiss-Dunlop & Jo Fillery Introduction 1988). A total of 141 species (including 14 ferns) were Motuora Island lies in the Hauraki Gulf southwest of recorded. Exotic plants confined to the gardens Kawau Island, approximately 3km from Mahurangi around the buildings at Home Bay were not included Heads, and 5km from Wenderholm Regional Park, in Dowding’s (1988) list. Dowding (1988) commented Waiwera. This 80ha island is long and narrow on four adventive species that were “well-established” (approximately 2km x c. 600m at its widest) with a and that “may present problems” (presumably for a relatively flat top, reaching 75m asl. The land rises future restoration project). These species were abruptly, in places precipitously, from the shoreline so boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera), boxthorn that the area of the undulating ‘level’ top is (Lycium ferocissimum), gorse (Ulex europaeus) and comparatively extensive. Composed of sedimentary kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum). All four strata from the Pakiri formation of the Waitemata species still require ongoing control. However, as a Group (Lower Miocene age, approximately 20 million years old), Motuora is geologically similar to other result of ongoing weed eradication endeavours, inner Hauraki gulf islands such as Tiritiri Matangi, boxthorn has been reduced to a few isolated sites, Kawau, Waiheke and Motuihe Islands (Ballance 1977; and boneseed once widespread on the island is Edbrooke 2001). considerably reduced also, occurring in high densities now only on the northern end of the island (Lindsay History 2006). Gorse and kikuyu are controlled where these Motuora Island was farmed, from as early as 1853 species inhibit revegetation plantings.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular System of Monocotyledonous Stems Author(S): Martin H
    The Vascular System of Monocotyledonous Stems Author(s): Martin H. Zimmermann and P. B. Tomlinson Source: Botanical Gazette, Vol. 133, No. 2 (Jun., 1972), pp. 141-155 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2473813 . Accessed: 30/08/2011 15:50 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Botanical Gazette. http://www.jstor.org 1972] McCONNELL& STRUCKMEYER ALAR AND BORON-DEFICIENTTAGETES 141 tomato, turnip and cotton to variations in boron nutri- Further investigationson the relation of photoperiodto tion. II. Anatomical responses. BOT.GAZ. 118:53-71. the boron requirementsof plants. BOT.GAZ. 109:237-249. REED, D. J., T. C. MOORE, and J. D. ANDERSON. 1965. Plant WATANABE,R., W. CHORNEY,J. SKOK,and S. H. WENDER growth retardant B-995: a possible mode of action. 1964. Effect of boron deficiency on polyphenol produc- Science 148: 1469-1471. tion in the sunflower.Phytochemistry 3:391-393. SKOK, J. 1957. Relationships of boron nutrition to radio- ZEEVAART,J. A. D. 1966. Inhibition of stem growth and sensitivity of sunflower plants.
    [Show full text]
  • CORN PLANT Dracena Fragrans Characteristics Culture Noteworthy
    CORN PLANT Dracena fragrans Characteristics House Plant Water: Medium Zone: 10 to 12 Maintenance: Low Height: 15.00 to 50.00 feet Flower: Showy, Fragrant Spread: 3.00 to 10.00 feet Leaf: Evergreen Bloom Time: Seasonal bloomer Fruit: Showy Bloom Description: White-yellow Tolerate: Drought Sun: Part shade Culture Easily grown in containers as an indoor foliage plant where it typically thrives in organically rich, consistently moist, well-drained soils in part shade. Use a loamy, peaty, well-drained potting soil. Corn plant is best sited in bright indirect light locations protected from significant periods of direct sun and drafts. Tolerates some low light. Containers may be placed on beds of wet pebbles with regular misting of plant leaves in order to increase humidity. Dry soils usually result in brown leaf tips. Too much sun may prevent best foliage color from developing. Keep soils uniformly moist during the growing season, but reduce watering from fall to late winter. Allow soils to dry slightly between waterings, but never allow the soils to totally dry out. Plants tolerate a wide range of indoor temperatures, but are best grown in temperatures of 60-75 degrees F. Plant containers may be placed outdoors in summer but should always be brought back indoors in early fall before outdoor temperatures begin to dip below 50 degrees F. This is a frost-free tropical perennial. Noteworthy Characteristics Dracaena fragrans, commonly known as corn plant, is a popular, durable, easy-to-grow indoor houseplant Although it may soar to 20’ tall or more in its native habitat, it more often is seen in the 4-6’ tall range as a container plant in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • No. 34 March 2016
    No. 34 March 2016 Sansevieria 34/2016 pages 14 - 26 The Genus Sansevieria: An Introduction to Molecular (DNA) Analysis and Preliminary Insights to Intrageneric Relationships Andrew S. Baldwin*, Robert H. Webb** *Department of Life Science, Mesa Community College, Mesa, Arizona **School of Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Contact: [email protected] All photos by the Author Summary species? So, in this article, pretend that the genus San- Molecular biology, particularly as it involves the analysis sevieria, and the use of molecular biology, is on trial and of DNA, is growing in importance within plant taxon- you are the jury: will you vote for conviction or acquittal? omy to resolve how families and genera are related and to even resolve plant species from one another. Here, we Biogeography review some of the concepts of molecular biology with As the readers of this journal are well aware, Sansevieria an emphasis on how it may help to unravel certain long- is a cosmopolitan genus that occurs in Africa, the Middle debated issues within the genus Sansevieria as well as the East, and the Asian subcontinent. The diversity in form placement of this genus among other related genera. We is rather astonishing, ranging from tiny little plants, provide some preliminary data and offer a few insights some with stout, spiky leaves and others with thin, flat but caution against jumping to any conclusions about ones, to formidable shrubs 2-4 m in height. What holds Sansevierias without considerable additional data. this group of plants together within the genus Sansevier- ia are the similar flowers and seeds, but some believe that Introduction the flowers and seeds aren’t so unique to exclude larger, A well-respected succulent plant and cactus collector related plants currently within the genus Dracaena (Bos, and researcher from England reportedly refers to DNA 1984), and some molecular data bear this out (Lu and as “Damned Nasty Answers” because he doesn’t particu- Morden, 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Methanol Extract of Dracaena Spicata
    Study on Antimicrobial and Cytotoxicity Activity of Methanol Extract of Dracaena spicata A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY, EAST WEST UNIVERSITY IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF PHARMACY Submitted By Fatema Jannat ID: 2013-1-70-042 Department of Pharmacy East West University Department of Pharmacy East West University i Study on Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic activities of Methanol Extract of Dracaena spicata Declaration by the Research Candidate I, Fatema Jannat, hereby declare that the dissertation entitled “Study on Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic activity of Methanol Extract of Dracaena spicata” submitted by me to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University, in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree Bachelor of Pharmacy is a complete record of original research work carried out by me during 2016, under the supervision and guidance of Ms Nazia Hoque, Assistant professor, Department of Pharmacy, East West University and the thesis has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree/diploma/fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of any university. ________________________ Fatema Jannat ID# 2013-1-70-042 Department of Pharmacy East West University ii Study on Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic activities of Methanol Extract of Dracaena spicata Certificate by the Supervisor This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Study on Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic activity of Methanol Extract of Dracaena spicata” submitted to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University, in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of pharmacy was carried out by Fatema Jannat, ID# 2013-1-70-042 in 2016, under the supervision and guidance of me.
    [Show full text]
  • Growing HOUSEPLANTS in Minnesota
    We spend about 90 percent of our time indoors. Interior plants are an ideal way to WE CAN HELP YOU…. create attractive and restful settings while To identify plants enhancing our sense of wellbeing. In addition, Diagnose common insect and disease problems Growing houseplants can be a satisfying hobby and can Find answers to your gardening questions Provide soil test kits help purify the air in our homes. Indoor plants You can see us at many local events: HOUSEPLANTS not only convert carbon dioxide to oxygen, but Local Farmers Markets they also trap and absorb many pollutants. Chisago County Fair Almelund Threshing Show in Minnesota They can reduce noise levels and Chisago Lakes Home and Garden Show stress as well! Gardening Expo An all-day gardening event held in March: Classes on a variety of horticultural topics Info booth staffed by Master Gardeners Local businesses display and sell merchandise. Bare root plant sale Each spring the Master Gardeners offer for sale several varieties of fruit and vegetable plants as bare root stock. These varieties are University recommended for our area and are often hard to find at local nurseries. Order forms are available in January Voice Mail Line 651-277-0151 Things to think about when choosing http://www3.extension.umn.edu/county/chisago the right houseplant for you… “Friend” us on Facebook SPACE ~ Do you have enough room for a Chisago County Extension Office Chisago County plant? They may start out small, but plants Our office is located at the Ag Service Building in North Branch at 38814 Third Avenue.
    [Show full text]
  • Dracaena Fragrans 'Deremensis' (Corn Plant, Striped Dracaena) Striped Dracaena Is an Evergreen Houseplant That Has an Attractive, Glossy, Stripped Green Folliage
    Dracaena fragrans 'Deremensis' (Corn Plant, Striped dracaena) Striped dracaena is an evergreen houseplant that has an attractive, glossy, stripped green folliage. It also grows small greenish-white flowers, sometimes followed by orange berries. To be planted in fertile, well drained soil, in sunny areas. Landscape Information French Name: Dracaena Pronounciation: druh-SEE-nuh FRAY-granz Plant Type: Shrub Origin: Africa Heat Zones: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 Hardiness Zones: 10, 11, 12, 13 Uses: Specimen, Mass Planting, Indoor, Container, Wildlife Size/Shape Growth Rate: Slow Tree Shape: Upright Canopy Symmetry: Irregular Canopy Density: Open Canopy Texture: Coarse Height at Maturity: 1.5 to 3 m, 3 to 5 m Spread at Maturity: 1 to 1.5 meters, 1.5 to 3 meters Time to Ultimate Height: 5 to 10 Years Plant Image Dracaena fragrans 'Deremensis' (Corn Plant, Striped dracaena) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Arrangement: Spiral Leaf Venation: Parallel Leaf Persistance: Evergreen Leaf Type: Simple Leaf Blade: 30 - 50 Leaf Shape: Linear Leaf Margins: Undulate Leaf Textures: Leathery, Glossy Leaf Scent: No Fragance Color(growing season): Green, Variegated Color(changing season): Green Flower Flower Showiness: True Flower Size Range: 7 - 10 Flower Type: Raceme Flower Sexuality: Monoecious (Bisexual) Flower Scent: Pleasant Flower Color: White Seasons: Year Round Trunk Trunk Susceptibility to Breakage: Generally Leaf Image resists breakage Number of Trunks: Multi-Trunked Fruit Fruit Type: Berry Fruit Showiness: False Fruit Size
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape Effects on Insect Pests of Dracaena Marginata and Their Associated Natural Enemies in Costa Rica
    Landscape effects on insect pests of Dracaena marginata and their associated natural enemies in Costa Rica by Mildred Linkimer A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy With a Major in Ecological Agriculture Postgraduate School of CATIE Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Co-advised by Purdue University 2012 II DEDICATION To Heiner and Ariel, happiness and strength of my life. To my mom and dad who never stopped fighting for us. A Heiner y Ariel, la felicidad y Fortaleza de mi vida. A mi papá y mamá que nunca dejaron de luchar por nosotros. III ACKNOWLEGMENTS Many people have contributed to this research and my professional and personal development during the past six years. First, I would like to express my gratitude to my major advisor, Fernando Casanoves, for guiding and supporting me during these years. He always gave me confidence even in difficult times and taught me the passion for statistics. I would also like to thank my co-advisor Clifford Sadof who opened the doors of Purdue University for me. He has been a true mentor, guiding me with his wisdom through difficult and happy times, providing me with critical advice and knowledge. I would also like to thank Cliff´s family (Linda and Claire) for kindly having me during my time at PU. I would also like to thank my Graduate Committee (Jeffrey Holland, Kevin Gibson) for their support and advice. Specially, I would like to thank to my advisor and friend, Tamara Benjamin, for her guidance not only during the development of my research but also in my personal life.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Export Transportation Handbook
    United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Export Agricultural Marketing Service Transportation Agriculture Handbook 700 Handbook United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Export Agricultural Marketing Service Transportation Handbook by Ellen M. Welby and Brian McGregor Transportation Services Branch Transportation and Marketing Programs Agricultural Marketing Service Web site: http://www.ams.usda.gov/tmd/export/index.htm Revised February 2004 Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Robert Neenan and Kate Healey, formerly of AMS, Transportation and Marketing Programs; Mary E. Lassanyi, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, National Agricultural Library; David Enberg, J.E. Lowden & Co.; Karen Lowe, Firstar Bank; and Oscar A. Lopez, Overseas Shipping Company. The authors acknowledge the Agriculture Ocean Transportation Coalition, Air Transport Association of America, Bureau of the Census, Marine Office of America Corp., Maersk Sealand, Inc., U.S. Department of Transportation, and USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for their assistance. Preferred Citation Welby, Ellen M., and Brian McGregor. Agricultural Export Transportation Handbook. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, February 2004. Web <http://dx.doi.org/10.9752/TS022.02-2004> This handbook provides a compilation of best industry practices, and its recommendations have been shown to be effective under normal conditions. Mention of companies or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicity of Common Houseplants
    444 Cherrycreek Road, Suite A | Lincoln, NE 68528 | 402-441-7180 | http://lancaster.unl.edu Toxicity of Common Houseplants [31] Plants are third only to medicines and household List of Toxicity of Common chemicals in causing poisonings among children in the United States. It is wise to place all plants and plant mate- Houseplants rials out of reach of very young children (including seeds, The following is a list of the toxicity of common house- plant bulbs, soil and fertilizers). lf you have a young child, plants, including some common ornamentals growing buy only non-toxic plants. around the home. African Violet (Episcia reptans) — non-toxic Nebraska Regional Poison Center 1-800-222-1222 Aluminum Plant (Pilea cadierei) — non-toxic Amaryllis — contain alkaloid lycorine, bulb is most toxic; American Association of Poison Control Crincum, Huemanthus, and Nerine genera of Centers 1-800-222-1222 Amaryllis also contain alkaloids in bulbs Aralia (Fatsia japonica) — non-toxic Toxic Compounds Arrowhead Plant, Nephthytis (Syngonium podo- Here is a description of the toxic compounds found in phyllum) — toxic: oxalates some plants. Asparagus Fern (Asparagus setaceus plumosus) — toxic: dermatitis Alkaloid lycorine — irritant to the gastrointestinal tract. Avocado (Persea americana) — possibly toxic Dermatitis — may give a rash or inflammation after Azalea (Rhododendron occidentale) — toxic contact with skin or mucous membranes. Glycosides — cause cardiac stimulation, gastric distress, Baby Tears (Helxine soleirolii) — non-toxic irritant to mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Bear Feet (Cotyledon tomentosa) — non-toxic Oxalates — plants which contain oxalate salts produce Begonia (Begonia sp.) — non-toxic mucous membrane irritation and pain, and/or Bird-of-Paradise (Poinciana gilliesii) — toxic swelling of mouth, lips, tongue, esophagus and stomach.
    [Show full text]