Combat Support and Combat Service Support

Home , Humvee, M915 (truck), Palletized load system

COMBAT SUPPORT AND COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT

Under the Program Executive Office for Combat Support & Combat Service Support (PEO CS&CSS), project managers, together with their reporting product managers and product directors, are responsible for Army systems and some joint service programs across all phases of their life cycle. Program phases fall into the areas of: pre-systems acquisition (concept refine- ment or technology development), gener- ally consisting of R&D programs and prior to a Milestone B; systems acquisition (be- Joint EOD rapid response vehicle (JERRV) tween Milestone B and full materiel release); systems after full materiel release hicles (PM JLTV) is responsible for the at-platform automatic test systems (AP- (in production and fielding phases); and Army’s participation in the Joint Light ATS) and off-platform automatic test sets two types of sustainment (operations & Tactical Vehicle (JLTV). The Army is the (OPATS), and test equipment moderniza- support): systems that have completed lead service in the joint Army/Marine tion (TEMOD). fielding, are no longer in production and Corps program, which consists of a family The Product Director Horizontal Tech- are managed directly by the PM and sys- of vehicles (FoV) with companion trailers nology Insertion (PD HTI) is responsible tems that have completed fielding, are no capable of performing multiple mission for the Army’s Expedited Modernization longer in production and are managed by roles that will be designed to provide pro- Initiative Procedure (EMIP). As a “pro- an AMC commodity command, but for tected, sustained, networked mobility for cess” rather than a “product,” EMIP repre- which the PM is the life-cycle manager. personnel and payloads across the full sents a multiphased and continuous mar- PEO CS&CSS Project Managers include range of military operations (traditional to ket research process. EMIP is primarily Project Manager Joint Combat Support irregular). intended to suggest improvements to the Systems, Project Manager Force Projection JLTV has been approved at Milestone A current and future fleet of CS&CSS vehi- and Project Manager Tactical Vehicles. A and is currently in the technology devel- cles and other systems. The process seeks representative sampling of their programs opment phase. Industry proposals were to identify industry’s investments in follows. submitted in mid-April 2008 for evalua- proven, advanced, commercial technolo- The office of Project Manager Joint Com- tion by the Source Selection Evaluation gies at the component and subsystem lev- bat Support Systems (PM JCSS), for exam- Board. els, at a technology readiness level 7 or ple, includes both the Product Manager Product Manager Sets, Kits, Outfits and better, with the goal of EMIP to educate Joint Light Tactical Vehicles (PM JLTV) and Tools responsibilities include diving equip- government representatives about these Product Manager Sets, Kits, Outfits and ment, sets, kits and outfits (stand-alone, technologies. Information developed as Tools (PM SKOT), as well as Product Di- shelter-mounted and mobile), and shop part of this market research will be shared rector Test, Measurement and Diagnostic sets/support equipment. within the PEO CS&CSS, other program Equipment (PD TMDE) and Product Di- Product Director Test, Measurement and executive offices and other services. rector Horizontal Technology Insertion Diagnostic Equipment (PD TMDE) is re- The Project Manager Force Projection (PD HTI). sponsible for calibration sets (CALSETS), (PM FP) encompasses Product Manager Product Manager Joint Light Tactical Ve- integrated family of test equipment (IFTE) Assured Mobility Systems (PM AMS), Product Director Army Watercraft Systems (PD AWS), Product Manager Bridging, Product Manager Combat Engineer/Mate- rial Handling Equipment (PM CE/MHE), Product Manager Force Sustainment Sys- tems (PM FSS), and Product Manager Pe- troleum and Water Systems (PM PAWS). The Product Manager Assured Mobil- ity Systems (PM AMS) is responsible for mine protected route clearance vehicles like the Buffalo mine protected clearance vehicle, joint EOD rapid response vehicle (JERRV), medium mine protected vehicle (RG-31), vehicle mounted mine detector (VMMD) and medium mine protected vehicle (MMPV) program of record. The Buffalo Mine Protected Clearance Vehicle, for example, is a six-wheeled vehicle specifically designed to withstand encounters with mines/IEDs while pro-

The Buffalo mine protected clearance vehicle (MPCV) October 2009 I ARMY 361 tecting up to six soldiers inside. The Buf- stallations on a limited basis. The crane provides the lift and reach falo is used by engineer units during area The Landing Craft Utility (LCU) 2000 needed to discharge the heaviest of the and route clearance operations. It is blast- provides worldwide transport of combat projected Army cargo—the M1A2 main protected up to 30 pounds TNT for each vehicles and sustainment cargo. It also battle tank—from the centerline of the large, wheel and 15 pounds TNT along the cen- supports intratheater and tactical resupply. medium speed roll-on, roll-off (LMSR) terline. Armor provides ballistic protection The Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM8) ships. against 7.62 mm ball. It has an arm that en- is used in lighter and utility work. The The Logistics Support Vessel (LSV) ables the operator to safely investigate sus- Mod 2 program enhances vessel capabili- provides worldwide transportation of picious locations. ties including command and control, per- combat vehicles and sustainment cargo. Another representative example is the sonnel transfer and light salvage. The 313-foot LSV class vessel, designed to Medium Mine Protected Vehicle (RG-31 The Theater Support Vessel (TSV)-In- carry more than 2,000 tons of deck cargo, MK3). The RG-31 MK3 APC is a four- terim is a critical step toward the definition has a beam of 60 feet and a molded depth wheel drive, armored personnel carrier in- and acquisition of the future TSV. There was of 19 feet. It provides intratheater move- tended for on- and off-road use. The vehi- a fiscal year 2001 contract award for an ment to remote underdeveloped coastlines cle is designed and constructed to protect Army/Navy joint lease of HSV-X1 (Joint and inland waterways. The LSV is the pri- occupants from small-arms fire and anti- Venture) high-speed vessel. Together with mary logistics over-the-shore (LOTS)/ tank mine detonations. Access to the vehi- TSV-1X (Spearhead), the platforms are part of JLOTS vessel. It also assists in unit deploy- cle is via a rear door. The vehicle is pow- a TSV interim program/investigations/ex- ment and relocation. ered by a turbocharged six-cylinder, in- perimentation and Office of the Secretary of The 900 Class Small Tug mission is line, water-cooled diesel engine. The en- Defense-approved advanced concepts tech- moving logistical supplies and equipment gine is directly coupled to an automatic nology demonstration. in harbor and inland waterways. The gearbox, which is coupled directly to a The Modular Causeway System pro- small tug also provides the capability to transfer gearbox, with propeller shafts to vides a means to move cargo from ship to assist larger tugs in docking and undock- the front and rear driving axles. The vehi- shore across unimproved beaches in areas ing all types of ships and watercraft and cle is equipped with conventional suspen- of the world where fixed port facilities are can be used in routine harbor utility work. sion but has sufficient ground clearance to unavailable, denied or otherwise unac- negotiate rough roads and obstacles. ceptable. Future Army Watercraft Systems The sections are made up of modular, Army future watercraft programs in- Product Director Army Watercraft ISO compatible modules. The four systems clude Theater Support Vessel (TSV)-Objec- Systems (PD AWS) are configured from basic modules in vari- tive, rapidly installed breakwater system, With an understated motto of “Sail ous configurations: roll-on/roll-off dis- Harbormaster command-and-control cen- Army,” the U.S. Army Program Manager charge facility; causeway ferry; floating ter and vessel bridge simulator. for Army Watercraft Systems (PM AWS) is causeway (FC); and warping tug. The Theater Support Vessel (TSV)- working to provide “a flexible and respon- The Command, Control, Communica- Objective will provide high-speed intra- sive fleet, projecting and sustaining Amer- tions, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) theater transport of troops and cargo and ica’s forces through the 21st century.” Re- Installation Package provides state-of-the- represents the next-generation Army water- sponsibilities include the engineering, pro- art communication (secure/nonsecure) craft to support the Army’s doctrinal intra- duction, fielding, initial logistics support equipment, navigational equipment and theater lift mission. and modernization/modification of the safety of life at sea electronics. Using commercial off-the-shelf technol- U.S. Army fleet of watercraft and associ- The Barge Derrick (BD) Crane 115 Ton ogy, it will deploy to the theater of opera- ated support equipment, which enable the is used primarily in discharging heavy tions at speeds greater than 40 knots warfighter to rapidly project the nation’s loads beyond the capacity of the ship’s through sea state 5+ (winds of 21 knots or armed forces. gear and assisting in salvage operations. greater), while being capable of transport- The Containerized Maintenance Facil- ity (CMF) is a transportable maintenance complex that is made up of a combination of five tactical rigid-wall expandable Inter- national Standards Organization (ISO) shelters and two ISO containers. The system is designed to be stand-alone and is equipped to provide intermediate support for deployment and sustainment of the full spectrum of Army watercraft in either a fixed port or joint logistics over-the- shore environment. The Large Tug (LT) 128' is used for transocean/coastal towing operations and for assisting with the docking/undocking of large ships. The LT 128' is outfitted to provide salvage, rescue and firefighting assistance to other vessels and shore in-

Logistics support vessel (LSV)

362 ARMY I October 2009 Bridge Adapter Pallet (BAP) and Maybey Johnson Bridge. The M18 Dry Support Bridge (DSB) Sys- tem and the Improved Ribbon Bridge (IRB) provide representative examples. The M18 Dry Support Bridge (DSB) provides the Army with assault and sup- Dry support bridge port bridging for gaps of up to 40 meters. (DSB) The DSB replaces the outdated, man- power- and time-intensive medium girder bridge (MGB) with a mechanical system capable of emplacing a 40-meter bridge with 14 soldiers in 90 minutes or less. In addition, the DSB will improve current bridge load-carrying capacity, moving it up to military load classification (MLC) 96 for wheeled traffic, such as an M1 tank up- ing more than 350 soldiers plus gear and to support the Future Force of the 21st cen- loaded on a heavy equipment transporter. up to 1,250 short tons of cargo. tury. The DSB is designed for transportation as Capable of operational maneuver from The Vessel Bridge Simulator will pro- a palletized load by the CBT, PLS trailers standoff distances and into five times as vide the mariner an advanced, interactive, or by service support units equipped with many ports, the TSV will provide rapid, full mission trainer that uses state-of-the- PLS trucks. intratheater lift for ready-to-fight combat art computer-generated imagery. This The Improved Ribbon Bridge (IRB), forces together with their equipment. As a trainer will replicate all Army watercraft which was fielded beginning in 2004, im- result, the TSV will minimize the need for and include vessel maneuvering and navi- proves mobility by providing a continuous large-scale reception, staging, onward gation as well as rehearsing missions in roadway or raft capable of crossing MLC movement and integration of soldiers, ve- worldwide seaports to prepare for real- 96 (wheeled)/80 (tracked) vehicles over hicles and equipment within the battle- world deployments in any weather or nonfordable wet gaps. space. It offers the joint force commander a lighting conditions. The product office also has responsibil- multimodal and multipurpose platform to ity for the M9 Armored Combat Earth- support joint operations that complement Product Manager Bridging mover (ACE), a highly mobile armored ve- C-17 and C-130 airlift capabilities. Advan- Product Manager Bridging interfaces hicle capable of performing mobility, tages of the TSV-Objective include: opera- with other defense organizations on a countermobility and survivability tasks in tional movement and repositioning; per- range of existing and emerging bridging support of light, medium or heavy forces sonnel and equipment moving together; systems including the Armored Vehicle on the integrated battlefield. First fielded en route mission planning and rehearsal; Launched Bridge (AVLB), Improved Rib- in 1986, this multipurpose engineer vehi- reduced AO LOG infrastructure; ability to bon Bridge (IRB), Standard Ribbon Bridge cle provides the operator with armor pro- bypass theater choke points; access to aus- (SRB), MK II-S Bridge Erection Boat Service tection for operation in the forward por- tere shallow draft ports; ability to perform Life Extension Program, Common Bridge tion of the combat area. By raising the multiple point entry; offset airlift short- Transporter (HEMTT), Rapidly Emplaced dozer blade and using its scraper blade, ages; and reduction of asymmetric threats. Bridge System (REBS), M18 Dry Support the M9 ACE can fill itself with ballast to The Rapidly Installed Breakwater Sys- Bridge (DSB) System, M3 Medium Girder improve dozing efficiency. tem (RIBS) is a logistics over-the-shore Bridge (MGB), Joint Assault Bridge (JAB), The Product Manager Combat Engi- (LOTS) enabler used in all phases of force Assault Breacher Vehicle (ABV), Bailey neer/Material Handling Equipment (PM projection including early entry and fol- Bridge, Improved Boat Cradle (IBC), CE/MHE) coordinates and supports a low-on sustainment. The RIBS augments wide range of compactors and rollers, con- existing port facilities to enable greater struction plants and equipment, container throughput of equipment and supplies. handlers, cranes, dozers and combat earth- The RIBS is designed to support discharge movers, excavators, forklifts, graders and or retrograde LOTS operations by reduc- scrapers, loaders and sectionalized equip- ing sea state 3 conditions to sea state 2 or ment. below. Program examples include systems like The Harbormaster Command and Con- the High-Mobility Engineer Excavator and trol Center (HCCC) will provide 24-hour Engineer Mission Modules. real-time vessel tracking, in-transit visibil- The High-Mobility Engineer Excavator ity, movement tracking, full joint interop- (HMEE) replaces the small emplacement erability, secure and nonsecure communi- excavator (SEE), whose life cycle ended in cations, and real-time meteorological and FY 2005. Current plans are to replace the bathymetric data. It will be fully digitized SEE with Type I (heavy) and Type II (light) vehicles for heavy and medium/light engineer units. The Interim High-Mobility Engineer Excavator (IHMEE) is a self-deployable excavator system that fills the immediate and critical excavation needs of the Stryker brigades. With its attachments, the IHMEE is ca- Improved ribbon bridge (IRB) pable of executing a variety of mobility,

364 ARMY I October 2009 PM Force Sustainment Systems Joint precision air drop system The Product Manager Force Sustain- (JPADS) ment Systems (PM FSS) coordinates aerial delivery equipment, containerized systems, field feeding systems, field services products, force provider, heaters and environmental control, shelter systems and camouflage. The Joint Precision Air Drop System (JPADS), for example, is a family of systems—Joint Precision Air Drop System 2,400 pounds (JPADS 2K), Joint Precision Air Drop System 10,000 pounds (JPADS 10K) and Joint Precision Air Drop System 30,000 pounds (JPADS 30K)—that will al- low conventional military aircraft to accu- rately drop sensors, munitions, and/or a huge range of supplies onto the battlefield while minimizing the risk to aircraft and the possibility of enemy detection of aircraft drop zones. The systems will use gliding parachute decelerators, GPS-based guidance, navigation and control, weather data assimilation and an air drop mission planning tool to deliver cargo with near survivability and countermobility mis- pinpoint accuracy. The first combat JPADS sions, maintaining convoy speed, perform- cargo air drop took place at the end of Au- ing rapid excavation tasks and quickly gust 2006. self-deploying to the next mission site. An example of recently fielded shelter Weighing approximately 24,000 pounds, systems can be found in the Soldier Crew it can attain speeds exceeding 50 mph. The Tent (SCT). Originally developed to pro- IHMEE can be transported by the C-130 vide environmental protection for the bil- and is one of two engineering construction leting of combat vehicle crews, the SCT is systems in the Stryker brigade. The system a lightweight, durable, single frame, single chosen to fill this need is ADI’s high-speed hub tent. The tent body is suspended from engineer vehicle. Up to 62 IHMEEs are be- the frame in a canopy style. An over-cover ing procured to support all Stryker lies on top of the frame to provide an air brigades. The IHMEE began fielding to the gap for added insulation. Two reversible Stryker brigades in the third quarter of FY over-covers are available in either a green/ 2003. tan or green/white configuration. A cold Another recently emerging activity with weather cotton liner is also provided. The a broad range of engineering applications SCT is 53 inches high, weighs 75 pounds, involves the development of Engineer and houses five soldiers in 120 square feet Mission Modules. Permanently mounted of floor space. Erect/strike is accomplished on standard logistics flatracks, the mod- in less than five minutes. A mesh gear loft ules are loaded via truck load-handling for storage is suspended over the sleeping equipment, which allows drivers to con- area. A storage/transport cover is included figure their systems for a specific mission. as well as a field repair kit. A 4-inch stove- By using fewer trucks and more mod- pipe opening is included for use with a ules, the concept provides a cost-effective standard military heater. means of modernizing the fleet of engineer The Product Manager Petroleum and construction equipment. PLS flatrack con- Water Systems (PM PAWS) is responsible figurations in production include the M5 for a range of petroleum laboratories, pe- bituminous distributor, which has a capac- troleum storage and distribution systems, ity of 2,800 gallons; the M6 concrete mo- water purification and treatment systems, bile mixer, which has a capacity of 5 cubic and water storage and distribution sys- yards when used on the PLS truck or tems. trailer and 8 cubic yards when used on the Offices within the Project Manager Tac- ground as a batch plant; and the M6 dump tical Vehicles (PM TV) include: Product body, which has a capacity of 12 to 14 cu- Manager Light Tactical Vehicles (PM LTV), bic yards. Currently under development Product Manager Medium Tactical Vehi- are the XM9 2,000-gallon water distributor cles (PM MTV) and Product Manager for use with the HEMTT-LHS truck and Heavy Tactical Vehicles (PM HTV). the XM10 3,000-gallon water distributor The Product Manager Light Tactical Vehi- for use with the PLS truck. cles (PM LTV) is responsible for the Army’s Other modules being considered in- High-Mobility, Multipurpose Wheeled Ve- clude a fuel module, a well-drilling system hicles (Humvee) family and light tactical and a chemical decontamination unit. trailers (LTT).

October 2009 I ARMY 365 Humvee

The versatile High-Mobility, Multipur- pose Wheeled Vehicle (Humvee) provides a common, light tactical vehicle capability. The Humvee is the Army’s primary light wheeled vehicle for combat support and combat service support missions. The Humvee replaced the quarter- ton jeep, M718A1 ambulance, half-ton Mule, 1.25-ton Gamma Goat and M792 ambulance when it began fielding in 1985. Humvees of all variants (including most up-armored Humvees) are currently deployed in support of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Humvee family of vehicles consists of multiple configurations built on a common chassis to support weapon systems, command-and-control systems and field ambulances, and to provide ammunition, vivability for the crew and gunner. ing artillery pieces. All medium vehicles troop and general cargo transport. It is The newest variants of the Humvee must be capable of operating worldwide equipped with a high-performance diesel family include the M1151, M1152 and on primary and secondary roads, as well engine, automatic transmission and four- M1165 series vehicles. Unlike some earlier as on trails, and cross-country in weather wheel drive. It is air transportable and models, the latest versions are designed extremes from minus 50 to 120 degrees low-velocity air drop (LVAD) certified (ex- for the application of additional armor Fahrenheit. cept for the maxi ambulance variants). The packages over their base protection levels. The FMTV achieves extraordinary com- Humvee can be equipped with a self-re- The Light Tactical Trailer (LTT) is the monality by sharing many subsystems and covery hydraulic winch capable of up to Humvee trailer. It has been tested and ap- components in the 4x4 (LMTV), 6x6 (MTV) 10,500-pound 1:1 ratio line pull capacity, proved (materiel released) for use in accor- and companion trailer configurations. The and it can support payloads from 2,500 to dance with the Humvee mission profile. trucks share, for example, common engine 5,100 pounds (including crew and pintle The LTT comes in three variants: M1101 assemblies (with different horsepower rat- loads), depending on the model. (LTT-L), M1102 (LLT-H) and heavy chassis ings), cooling systems, transmissions, in- The A1 model, which entered produc- (LTT-HC). take and exhaust systems, front axles and tion in 1992, introduced upgraded drive- suspension systems, tires and wheels, cab line components, heavy-duty rear springs, Product Manager Family of Medium assembly, vehicle control gauges, self-re- an improved brake system, a high-ratio Tactical Vehicles covery winches and much more. They dif- transfer and 2.73:1 front and rear differen- The Product Manager Medium Tactical fer primarily in number of axles (two ver- tials. Vehicles (PM MTV) is responsible for the sus three) and standard cargo bed size (12 The subsequent introduction of the A2 Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles feet versus 14 feet) to accommodate differ- configuration brought with it a new 6.5- (FMTV), including light medium tactical ent payload ratings (2.5 tons versus 5 tons) liter, naturally aspirated diesel engine; an vehicles (LMTV), medium tactical vehi- and body styles. electronically controlled, four-speed auto- cles, FMTV specialty vehicles and FMTV The FMTV deviates from predecessor matic transmission; and a redesigned trailers. vehicle designs by having its tilt cab over emissions system that met 1995 U.S. Envi- The medium truck fleet has historically the engine. This design approach con- ronmental Protection Agency standards. accounted for more than half of the Ar- tributes to the Army’s goal of significantly Other features focused on user comfort, my’s single-lift payload capacity. In re- improving the deployability of units, since vehicle maintainability and performance. defining this vital fleet, Army planners a typical FMTV vehicle is some 40 inches Further expansion of Humvee payload took the opportunity to focus on a family shorter than the vehicle it replaces, requir- capacity has led to the development and approach; that is, to combine both 2.5-ton ing less space aboard deploying aircraft or introduction of the expanded capacity ve- and 5-ton payload classes into a single ac- surface shipping. This reduced length also hicle (ECV), M1113 and the M1114 up-ar- quisition program that would yield a lo- contributes to a shorter turning radius and mor Humvee (UAH). The ECV was pro- gistically significant degree of component better off-road mobility. Off-road mobility duced in 1995 as a shelter carrier provid- commonality across all medium fleet vari- is further enhanced by a standard central ing up to 5,100 pounds of payload. The ants. tire inflation system (CTIS) and state-of- M1114 UAH configuration provides pro- The Army’s requirement for medium the-art suspension. tection for the driver and three crew mem- trucks is now more than 83,000 vehicles. LMTV systems include the M1078/A1 bers from small-arms fire, overhead frag- These vehicles are required across the en- 2.5-ton standard cargo, M1079/A1 2.5-ton mentation from artillery and mortar shells tire spectrum of combat, combat support van, M1080/A1 2.5-ton chassis, and M1081 and underbody from antipersonnel/anti- and combat service support units. They 2.5-ton standard cargo (LVAD) [low-veloc- tank mines. It has a rooftop weapon sta- must perform roles such as unit mobility, ity air drop capable]. tion which can accommodate an M60 ma- field feeding, water distribution, local MTV systems include the M1083/A1 5- chine gun, M2 machine gun, Mk 19 gre- and line-haul transportation, maintenance ton standard cargo, M1084/A1 5-ton stan- nade launcher or the M240/M249 weapon. platforms, engineer operations, communi- dard cargo with MHE, M1085/A1 5-ton Kits are available to enhance internal sur- cation systems, medical support and tow- long cargo, M1086/A1 5-ton long cargo

366 ARMY I October 2009 Heavy equipment transporter system (HETS)

with MHE (crane), M1088/A1 5-ton tractor, truck, XM1157 10-ton dump and XM 1160 Vehicles (PM HTV) addresses programs M1089/A1 5-ton wrecker, M1090/A1 5-ton medium extended air defense system including the heavy equipment trans- dump, M1092/A1 5-ton chassis, M1093 5- (MEADS) carrier. porter system, heavy expanded mobility ton standard cargo (LVAD), M1094 5-ton FMTV trailers include the M1082 trailer tactical truck, palletized load system, fla- dump (LVAD) and M1096/A1 5-ton long cargo 2.5 ton and M1095 trailer cargo 5 tracks, container handling and mission chassis. ton. modules, M915 family of vehicles, fifth FMTV special vehicles include the M- In addition, the office helps coordinate wheel trailers and special trailers. 1087A1 expandable van, XM1140 high-mo- activities on M900 series 5-ton trucks, as The M1070/M1000 Heavy Equipment bility artillery rocket system (HIMARS) well as the M200 and M1061 special cargo Transporter System (HETS) deploys, carrier, XM1147 FMTV load handling sys- trailers. transports, recovers and evacuates com- tem (LHS) trailer, XM1148 FMTV LHS The Product Manager Heavy Tactical bat-loaded M1 tanks and other vehicles of Heavy expanded mobility tactical truck (HEMTT)

similar weight to and from the battlefield. More than 2,300 have been deployed in Operation Iraqi Freedom. The M1070 tractor and M1000 semitrailer replace the M911/M747 as the Army’s latest model HETS. The M1070/M1000 HETS was developed to accommodate the increased weight of the M1 Abrams family of main battle tanks. The M1070 provides line-haul, local-haul and maintenance evacuation on and off the road during tactical operations worldwide. Unlike previous HETS, the M1070 is designed to carry both the tank and its crew. the HEMTT-series trucks: the M977 cargo on all models. An electronic controller for Approximately 2,311 HETS have been truck; M985 cargo truck with materiel-han- the engine and a new electronic transmis- fielded to date. Development design of full dling crane; the M978 2,500-gallon fuel sion were put into production in April up-armored cabs for the HEMTT, PLS and tanker; the M983 tractor; the M984 wreck- 2002. HETS tractor is in progress. er; and the M1120 load-handling system The HEMTT is augmented by the M989- The Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical (LHS). The HEMTT is used as a prime A1 heavy expanded munitions ammunition Truck (HEMTT) is the workhorse of Army mover for the Patriot missile system, M7 trailer (HEMAT) in the transport of multi- combat divisions. C-130 transportable, it is forward repair system and tactical water ple-launch rocket system family of muni- the key combat service support enabler for purification system and as the chassis for tions (MFOM). The HEMAT can transport the Stryker brigade combat team. The 11- the M1977 common bridge transporter, four MFOM pods, each weighing approxi- ton, eight-wheel drive family of vehicles is M11428 tactical firefighting truck and mately 5,400 pounds. The off-road capabil- designed to operate in any climatic condi- XM1158 HEMTT-based water tender. The ity of the HEMTT and HEMAT combination. HEMTT is also compatible with the PLS tion can transport eight MFOM pods. The There are six basic configurations of trailer. A self-recovery winch is available M989A1 HEMAT is also required to trans- No matter what your age, Life Membership makes “cents”

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368 ARMY I October 2009 Palletized load system (PLS)

gineer mission modules (M917 dump truck, M918 bituminous spreader and M919 concrete mixer). The PLS is also the host chassis for the dry support bridge launcher vehicle (M1975). The PLS consists of a 16.5-ton payload tactical truck with a flatrack. It is a five- axle, 10-wheel drive vehicle with a 500-hp Detroit Diesel engine, an Allison automatic transmission and a CTIS. This combination provides a highly mobile system able to transport its payload in virtually any type of terrain or weather and maintain pace port six standard ammunition pallets (sin- (LHS) (mounts on standard M977/M978 with the self-propelled artillery systems gle stacked), two 600-gallon fuel pods or or M985 chassis), M1977 common bridge that it supports. The PLS comes in two mis- two 500-gallon fuel bladders. transporter (CBT), tactical firefighting sion-oriented configurations: the M1074 Approximately 13,000 HEMTTs have truck (TFFT), HEMTT recapitalization pro- and the M1075. been fielded to date. Of the total fleet size, gram and HEMTT A3. The M1074 is equipped with a variable- approximately 2,150 are currently in OIF. The Palletized Load System (PLS) is the reach materiel-handling crane (MHC) to HEMTT production is funded through fis- primary component of the maneuver-ori- support forward-deployed field artillery cal year (FY) 2011. ented ammunition distribution system. units. The M1075, without MHC, is used The HEMTT was designated as one of Roughly 1,000 PLSs are being used in OIF. in conjunction with the M1076 trailer to the 10 original Army life-cycle pilot pro- It also performs local-haul, line-haul, unit support transportation line-haul missions. grams under Section 912c of the FY 1998 resupply and other transportation mis- Of the 3,500 PLS trucks that have been National Defense Authorization Act, in- sions in the tactical environment. In addi- fielded to date, approximately 1,000 are in tended to demonstrate reduced life-cycle tion, it is used as the prime mover for the OIF. costs through greater innovation through- M7 forward repair system and various en- The M1076 PLS trailer is a three-axle, out the product’s life cycle. The Army approved the HEMTT recap program base- line in October 2001. The goal of recapitalization is the insertion of modern commercial technology to reduce operational and support costs, increase fleet readiness and meet regulatory requirements. As the ben- efits of these improvements are verified, they were phased into production and recap vehicles. The HEMTT recap program will recapitalize HEMTT vehicles to 0 miles/0 hours and to the A2 configuration, which consists of bumper-to-bumper recap of the entire truck with the following technology insertions: electronic engine, electronic transmission, air-ride seats, four-point seatbelts, bolt-together wheels, increased corrosion protection and an enhanced electrical package. The HEMTT recap program is also capable of converting excess M977 cargo versions into M1120 HEMTT-LHS versions to address current shortfalls. The HEMTT recap program is currently funded through FY 2020. HEMTT A3 is an advanced technology insertion into the HEMTT vehicle that is under evaluation to optimize compatibil- ity with C-130 aircraft capabilities and con- straints. Current HEMTT programs and activities include: M977/M985 HEMTT cargo truck, with materiel-handling crane, M978 HEMTT fuel tanker, 2500-gallon M983 HEMTT tractor, M984 HEMTT wrecker, M1120 HEMTT load handling system

October 2009 I ARMY 369 wagon-style trailer with a 16.5-ton pay- configurations by using a variety of tainer-handling unit is a kit installed on load capacity that is equipped with a flat- flatracks. The M1077 and M1077A1 fla- the PLS that allows the direct load, trans- rack that is interchangeable between truck tracks are sideless and used to transport port and unload of 20-foot ISO containers and trailer. The combination of truck and pallets of ammunition and other classes of without an external flatrack. trailer provides the combined payload ca- supplies. The M1 flatrack carries identical pacity of 33 tons. The flatracks are lifted on classes of supplies. It is ISO/CSC certified The M915 Family of Vehicles and off the truck and trailer by a hy- and suitable for intermodal transport, in- The Army’s M915-Series Line-Haul draulic-powered arm mounted on the cluding transport on container ships. Tractors operate on highways and sec- truck, eliminating the need for additional Ammunition can be loaded on the M1 at ondary roads to transport bulk supplies materiel-handling equipment. The controls depots, transported via container ship to and fuel to U.S. forces. The Army’s line- for the arm are located inside the cab, al- theater, picked up by the PLS truck and haul fleet consists of the M915, M915A1, lowing the operator to load or unload the carried forward without using any ma- M915A2, M915A3 and M915A4 vehicles. truck in less than one minute without leav- teriel-handling equipment. The walls fold The latter three are based upon Freight- ing the cab of the truck. The trailer can be inward when empty to facilitate stacking liner’s commercial FLD120 tractors and in- loaded or unloaded in less than five min- for retrograde. The M3/M3A1 container corporate transport industry technologies utes using the remote-control arm. roll-in/out platform is a flatrack that fits for safety, fuel efficiency and low operat- The PLS can transport multiple cargo inside a 20-foot ISO container. The con- ing costs per mile. The M915-series fleet of vehicles is found primarily in active and reserve component Association of the United States Army transportation units that are responsible for the rapid, efficient transport of bulk sup- 2010 Calendar of Events plies from ocean ports to division support All dates and locations are tentative and subject to change. areas within a theater of operation. They are used primarily to transport the January 5 – 7 AUSA’s ILW Army Aviation Symposium & Exposition M871 semitrailer (flatbed, 22.5 tons), M872 semitrailer (flatbed, 34 tons), M967/M969 Hyatt Regency Crystal City semitrailer (5,000-gallon tanker) and M1062 Arlington, VA semitrailer (7,500-gallon tanker). The M915- series has a maximum gross combined ve- February 24 – 26 AUSA’s ILW Winter Symposium & Exposition hicle weight of 105,000 pounds when oper- Greater Fort Lauderdale/Broward County ating with the M872 semitrailer. Convention Center Current program activities include: Fort Lauderdale, FL M915A3 tractor, line haul, M915A4 tractor, line haul upgrade (glider), M916A3 truck March 29 – April 1 AUSA’s ILW Army Installations Symposium & Exposition tractor, light equipment transport, M917A2 dump truck 20-ton, and M915 logistics JW Marriott San Antonio Hill Country handling system. San Antonio, TX The Product Director Armored Security Vehicle (PD ASV) has the mission to de- May 10 – 13 SOFEX 2010 velop, produce, field and sustain the Special Operations Forces Exhibition and Conference M1117 Armored Security Vehicle to an ex- King Abdullah I Airbase peditionary force. Amman, Jordan The M1117 ASV is a turreted, armored, all-wheel drive vehicle that supports mili- May 17 – 20 AUSA’s ILW Army Medical Symposium & Exposition tary police missions—such as rear area security, law and order operations, convoy Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center protection, battlefield circulation and en- San Antonio, TX emy prisoner of war operations—over the entire spectrum of war and operations June 14 – 18 Eurosatory other than war. Paris-Nord Villepinte The ASV provides protection to the crew Paris, France compartment, gunner’s station and the ammunition storage area. The turret is June 22 – 24 AUSA’s ILW Army Logistics Symposium & Exposition fully enclosed, with both an MK-19 40 mm Greater Richmond Convention Center grenade machine gun and a .50-caliber machine gun, and a multisalvo smoke Richmond, VA grenade launcher. The ASV provides ballistic, blast and overhead protection for its July 20 – 22 AUSA’s ILW Army Fires Symposium and Exposition four-person crew. With a payload of 3,600 Fort Worth Convention Center pounds, its 400 miles-plus range, top Fort Worth, TX speed of nearly 70 miles per hour and C- 130 deployability ensure its value to the October 25 – 27 AUSA Annual Meeting & Exposition warfighter. Walter E. Washington Convention Center In addition, on the ASV chassis, the U.S. Washington, DC Army is developing the M1200 Armored Knight to provide improved survivability over the current M707 Knight (Humvee- based Knight). Used by U.S. Army field ar-

370 ARMY I October 2009 M1117 armored security vehicle

tar weapon systems include the 60 mm, 81 mm and 120 mm mortars and related equipment. Fire-control systems, used to calculate mortar missions, include new, improved systems like the mortar fire-control system-heavy (MFCS-H) and the lightweight handheld mortar ballistic computer (LHMBC). The M224 60 mm mortar weapon system is a lightweight, high-angle-of-fire, smooth-bore, manportable, muzzle-loaded mortar with improved rate-of-fire capabilities. The M224 consists of the following components: M225 cannon (tube), M170 bipod assembly, M7 baseplate, M8 auxil- tillery combat observation lasing teams Product Manager Excalibur iary baseplate and the M64A1 sight unit. (COLTs) in both heavy and Infantry brigade The Product Manager Excalibur (PM Ex- The M224 fires the complete family of 60 combat teams, the Armored Knight will calibur) is developing Excalibur, a preci- mm ammunition, such as high explosive, combine the proven armored security vehi- sion, autonomously guided, long-range ar- smoke, illumination, infrared illumination cle with the M707 Knight mission equip- tillery system. and practice cartridges. With ranges from ment package. The XM982 Excalibur is a 155 mm preci- 70 meters to 3,500 meters, the M224 meets The resultant M1200 Armored Knight sion-guided artillery round with extended lethality, range and weight requirements will provide COLTs with increased armor range. Already being fielded to warfight- for light forces without an additional trans- protection, payload and agility. Textron ers and successfully employed in combat portation requirement. Marine and Land Systems is presently un- operations, Excalibur uses GPS precision- The M252 81 mm mortar system is a der contract with the U.S. Army for 107 guidance technology to provide accurate, smooth-bore, muzzle-loaded weapon that modified ASVs to be used as the base vehi- first round fire-for-effect capability in an replaced the M29A1 mortar. It features a cle for the M1200 Armored Knight produc- urban setting. high-rate-of-fire, extended range, improved tion. Excalibur is approximately 1 meter in lethality and improved overall system char- length and weighs 106 pounds. Its 40-kilo- acteristics. The entire family of 81 mm am- AMMUNITION meter range and high accuracy result in in- munition can be fired by the M252. The creased lethality through a decrease in re- M252 consists of the following components: The Program Executive Office for Am- quired volume of fire per engagement. M253 cannon (tube), M177 bipod, M3A1 munition (PEO Ammo) has the mission to Excalibur 1b is currently in competitive baseplate and the M64A1 sight unit. develop and procure conventional leap- development and testing. The M120/M121 120 mm Battalion Mor- ahead munitions to increase combat power tar System is a smooth-bore, muzzle-load- to warfighters. Project managers within Product Manager Mortars Systems ed, high-angle-of-fire weapon that re- the PEO include: Combat Ammunition The Product Manager Mortars Systems placed the M30 4.2-inch mortar, providing Systems, Close Combat Systems Maneu- (PM Mortars) is responsible for weapon increased range, lethality, illumination and ver Ammunition Systems and Joint Ser- and fire-control systems and for the devel- smoke screening effectiveness over the vices. opment of the precision-guided mortar previous system. It consists of the M298 Project Manager Combat Ammunition munition (PGMM), a new precision mortar barrel assembly, M190/M191 bipod assem- Systems (PM CAS), for example, is respon- round currently under development. Mor- bly, the M9 baseplate and the M67 sight. sible for equipping soldiers with all tube- launched, indirect-fire munitions and mortar weapons systems for the Army’s current, Stryker and Future Forces. Under the Single Manager for Conventional Ammuni- tion (SMCA) responsibilities, PM CAS pro- cures ammunition for other services. The PM does this through life-cycle program management of artillery and mortar prod- Soldiers carry an ucts in precision-guided munitions, smart Excalibur round. munitions, conventional munitions, mortar weapons systems, mortar fire-control systems and fuzes/fuze setters. Organizations within PM CAS include Product Manager Excalibur, Product Man- ager Mortars Systems, the Conventional Ammunition Division and the Business Management Division.

October 2009 I ARMY 371