A Guide to Geology Field Trips in Michigan's Upper Peninsula
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Natural Ground-Water Quality in Michigan, 1974-87
NATURAL GROUND-WATER QUALITY IN MICHIGAN, 1974-87 By T. Ray Cumnings U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 89-259 Prepared in cooperation with the MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION Lansing, Michigan July 1989 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information Copies of this report can write to: be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports Section 6520 Mercantile Way, Suite 5 Federal Center, Building 810 Lansing, Michigan 48911 Box 25425 Denver, Colorado 80225 CONTENTS Page Abstract l Introduction 1 Purpose and scope 2 Methods of investigation 2 General water-quality conditions 3 Areal variations in water quality 12 Relation of water quality to geologic source 17 Relation of water quality to mineral associations 25 Conclusions 28 Selected references 30 Definition of terms 32 Appendix: Median values of chemical and physical characteristics of water from geologic sources 33 ill ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Relation of dissolved-solids concentration to chemical characteristics of water 6 2. Relation of specific conductance to dissolved-solids concentration of water 7 3. Areal variation of dissolved solids in water 13 4. Areal variation of ammonia and hardness of water 14 5. Areal variation of total recoverable lead and total recoverable mercury in water- 15 6. Areal variation of total recoverable iron and total recoverable copper in water 16 7. Relation of depth of well to dissolved-solids concentration 18 8. Chemical characteristics of water from glacial deposit s 20 9. -
A Summary of Petroleum Plays and Characteristics of the Michigan Basin
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY A summary of petroleum plays and characteristics of the Michigan basin by Ronald R. Charpentier Open-File Report 87-450R This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Denver, Colorado 80225 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT.................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION.............................................. 3 REGIONAL GEOLOGY.......................................... 3 SOURCE ROCKS.............................................. 6 THERMAL MATURITY.......................................... 11 PETROLEUM PRODUCTION...................................... 11 PLAY DESCRIPTIONS......................................... 18 Mississippian-Pennsylvanian gas play................. 18 Antrim Shale play.................................... 18 Devonian anticlinal play............................. 21 Niagaran reef play................................... 21 Trenton-Black River play............................. 23 Prairie du Chien play................................ 25 Cambrian play........................................ 29 Precambrian rift play................................ 29 REFERENCES................................................ 32 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Index map of Michigan basin province (modified from Ells, 1971, reprinted by permission of American Association of Petroleum Geologists)................. 4 2. Structure contour map on top of Precambrian basement, Lower Peninsula -
National Forests in Michigan
OriqiMI from Digitized by Go gle UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NATIONAL FORESTS IN MICHIGAN UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL REGION • MILWAUKEE, WIS. ON THE COVER. —Great Conglomerate Falls on the Black River. p-3e«M ERRATA Page Line 5 3 97,000,000 should be 45,000,000. 7 4 Porcupine should not be listed vvilh fur bearers. 17 7 Si.o'jld read "the red pine by its ClUoLC"G Cf t»Vj". 44 2-3 Should read "4 rniies east of Munising". UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1941 sEr^ •*«$• . AU TRAIN FALLS ON THE HIAWATHA NATIONAL FOREST. Drama of Michigan Forests DRAMA of the forests of Michigan has been written in several acts THEeach with its colorful pageantry. The action has concerned the magni ficent woodlands of the redman, the rapid depletion of those forests in the last century, and their slow but sure rebuilding in the present. The elusive "northwest passage" to China, Indian furs and Indian souls, iron and land and copper brought the white men to Michigan. In 1621, only 1 year after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock, young Etienne Brule, protege of Champlain, reached Lake Superior and was disappointed to find its waters fresh. Thirteen years later, Jean Nicolet, another protege of the French governor of Canada, entered the unknown Lake Michigan through the Straits of Mackinac. Though he never found the longed-for route to the Orient, Nicolet did initiate the French fur trade with the Indians in this territory. Heroic followers of Brule and Nicolet were the Jesuit fathers Jogues and Raymbault, who preached to the Ojibwas in 1641 at Sault Ste. -
COUNTY TWP RNG SEC OPERATOR WELL NAME FORMATIONS from to BOXE S COMMENTS TYPE Alger 44N 21W 19 DNR--ERD Village of Trenary MW 24
COUNTY TWP RNG SEC OPERATOR WELL NAME FORMATIONS FROM TO BOXE COMMENTS TYPE S Alger 44N 21W 19 DNR--ERD Village of MW 24 Limestone with vugs and 10 112 13 Lithologic log available. Core Trenary shale layers Alger 44N 21W 19 DNR--ERD Village of MW 25 (TWQ) Limestone w\lenses of 4 52 8 Lithologic log available. Core Trenary shale and siltstone Alger 44N 21W 19 DNR--ERD Village of MW 26 (TWW) Ls. & vugs w\lenses of 5 92 10 Lithologic log available. Core Trenary shale and siltstone Alger 44N 21W 19 DNR--ERD Village of MW 29 Ls. & vugs w\lenses of 47 81 4 Lithologic log available. Core Trenary shale and siltstone Alger 44N 21W 20 DNR--ERD Village of RL-4 Dolomite 13 29 2 Lithologic log available Core Trenary Alger 44N 21W 20 DNR--ERD Village of RL-6 Dolomite 17 34 2 Lithologic log available. Core Trenary Alger 44N 21W 20 DNR--ERD Village of RL-8 Dolomite 21 37 2 Lithologic log available. Core Trenary Alger 44N 22W 9 Cleveland-Cliffs Kiva Core #1 Black River to 18 567 4 Lithologic log available. Core Precambrian Samples of core chips only Alger 45N 22W 31 Cleveland-Cliffs #1 Dolomite & sandstone 26 132 13 Lithologic log available. Core Alger 46N 18W 29 Amoco Production Per.# St. Amour 1-29 Autrain Fm. 90 361 45 Lithologic log available. Core 021-871-202 Declared a "lost hole" & moved short distance to start 1-29R. Alger 46N 18W 29 Amoco Production Per.# St. Amour 1-29R Autrain, Munising, Oronto 160 7179 929 Lithologic and several electric Core 021-871-202 (Jacobsville) and Portage logs are available. -
A Field and Petrographic Study of the Freda
A FIELD AND PETROGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE FREDA FORMATION ALONG THE MONTREAL RIVER, GOGEBIC COUNTY, MICHIGAN fey GORDON R. SMALE A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 1958 ProQuest Number: 10008738 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10008738 Published by ProQuest LLC (2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 A FIELD AND PETROGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE FREDA FORMATION ALONG THE MONTREAL RIVER, GOGEBIC COUNTY, MICHIGAN •"by Gordon R „ Smal'e ABSTRACT The Montreal River provides a geographic boundary between Wisconsin and Michigan on the south shore of Lake Superior. A geologic study, both field and laboratory, was made of the 12,000 foot thickness of steeply dipping Freda for mation exposed along this river. The field study Includes mapping of sedimentary structures In an effort to determine the dominant current directions during deposition of the formation. Pebble and quartz grain orientation as well as heavy mineral and rock composition analyses were made In the laboratory to supplement the field work. -
Phase I Avian Risk Assessment
PHASE I AVIAN RISK ASSESSMENT Garden Peninsula Wind Energy Project Delta County, Michigan Report Prepared for: Heritage Sustainable Energy October 2007 Report Prepared by: Paul Kerlinger, Ph.D. John Guarnaccia Curry & Kerlinger, L.L.C. P.O. Box 453 Cape May Point, NJ 08212 (609) 884-2842, fax 884-4569 [email protected] [email protected] Garden Peninsula Wind Energy Project, Delta County, MI Phase I Avian Risk Assessment Garden Peninsula Wind Energy Project Delta County, Michigan Executive Summary Heritage Sustainable Energy is proposing a utility-scale wind-power project of moderate size for the Garden Peninsula on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in Delta County. This peninsula separates northern Lake Michigan from Big Bay de Noc. The number of wind turbines is as yet undetermined, but a leasehold map provided to Curry & Kerlinger indicates that turbines would be constructed on private lands (i.e., not in the Lake Superior State Forest) in mainly agricultural areas on the western side of the peninsula, and possibly on Little Summer Island. For the purpose of analysis, we are assuming wind turbines with a nameplate capacity of 2.0 MW. The turbine towers would likely be about 78.0 meters (256 feet) tall and have rotors of about 39.0 m (128 feet) long. With the rotor tip in the 12 o’clock position, the wind turbines would reach a maximum height of about 118.0 m (387 feet) above ground level (AGL). When in the 6 o’clock position, rotor tips would be about 38.0 m (125 feet) AGL. However, larger turbines with nameplate capacities (up to 2.5 MW and more) reaching to 152.5 m (500 feet) are may be used. -
Indiana Glaciers.PM6
How the Ice Age Shaped Indiana Jerry Wilson Published by Wilstar Media, www.wilstar.com Indianapolis, Indiana 1 Previiously published as The Topography of Indiana: Ice Age Legacy, © 1988 by Jerry Wilson. Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Jerry Wilson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2 For Aaron and Shana and In Memory of Donna 3 Introduction During the time that I have been a science teacher I have tried to enlist in my students the desire to understand and the ability to reason. Logical reasoning is the surest way to overcome the unknown. The best aid to reasoning effectively is having the knowledge and an understanding of the things that have previ- ously been determined or discovered by others. Having an understanding of the reasons things are the way they are and how they got that way can help an individual to utilize his or her resources more effectively. I want my students to realize that changes that have taken place on the earth in the past have had an effect on them. Why are some towns in Indiana subject to flooding, whereas others are not? Why are cemeteries built on old beach fronts in Northwest Indiana? Why would it be easier to dig a basement in Valparaiso than in Bloomington? These things are a direct result of the glaciers that advanced southward over Indiana during the last Ice Age. The history of the land upon which we live is fascinating. Why are there large granite boulders nested in some of the fields of northern Indiana since Indiana has no granite bedrock? They are known as glacial erratics, or dropstones, and were formed in Canada or the upper Midwest hundreds of millions of years ago. -
The Cracked Colonial Foundations of a Neo-Colonial Constitution
1 THE CRACKED COLONIAL FOUNDATIONS OF A NEO-COLONIAL CONSTITUTION Klearchos A. Kyriakides This working paper is based on a presentation delivered at an academic event held on 18 November 2020, organised by the School of Law of UCLan Cyprus and entitled ‘60 years on from 1960: A Symposium to mark the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus’. The contents of this working paper represent work in progress with a view to formal publication at a later date.1 A photograph of the Press and Information Office, Ministry of the Interior, Republic of Cyprus, as reproduced on the Official Twitter account of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus, 16 August 2018, https://twitter.com/cyprusmfa/status/1030018305426432000 ©️ Klearchos A. Kyriakides, Larnaca, 27 November 2020 1 This working paper reproduces or otherwise contains Crown Copyright materials and other public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0, details of which may be viewed on the website of the National Archives of the UK, Kew Gardens, Surrey, at www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/opengovernment-licence/version/3/ This working paper also reproduces or otherwise contains British Parliamentary Copyright material and other Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence, details of which may be viewed on the website of the Parliament of the UK at www.parliament.uk/site-information/copyright/ 2 Introduction This working paper has one aim. It is to advance a thesis which flows from a formidable body of evidence. At the moment when the Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus (‘the 1960 Constitution’) came into force in the English language at around midnight on 16 August 1960, it stood on British colonial foundations, which were cracked and, thus, defective. -
Post-Glacial Lake Nipissing Waterworn Assemblages from the Southeastern Huron Basin Area
39 Post-Glacial Lake Nipissing Waterworn Assemblages from the Southeastern Huron Basin Area Chris J. Ellis and D. Brian Deller Artifacts from eight locations in the Thedford embay- of the area is the modern Lake Huron shore which ment area have been modified by the post-glacial waters is lined by a series of well-developed sand dunes of the Lake Nipissing phase prior to about 4000 to 4500 formed on a baymouth bar of the Nipissing phase years ago. The location of these sites relative to other (Cooper 1979:35). Partially because of the encom- inferred pre-Nipissing strandlines in the region and de- tailed external artifact comparisons provide new' infor- passing baymouth bar, drainage of the area is poor mation on the age and sequence of early preceramic and prior to modern alterations designed to make occupations in the lower Great Lakes. the area suitable for market gardening, the area was predominantly low and marshy and contained a Introduction small lake (Smith Lake). The major drainage through the area today is the Ausable River and its While the general trend in the lower Great Lakes tributaries such as Parkhill Creek (Fig. 2). throughout much of the earlier part of the post- The sequence of pro- and post-glacial lake level glacial sequence was for water levels to be much changes throughout the Great Lakes is a complex lower than modern lake levels, the Nipissing trans- one and the southern Huron basin is no exception. gression of circa 5000 BP was an exception. At By about 12,500 years ago, the Warren series of that time, water levels rose to a height above the pro-glacial lakes had formed between the Wyoming modern Lakes Huron-Michigan levels and inun- Moraine south of the study area and the retreating dated a number of sites ranging from Paleo-Indian ice-sheet (Fig. -
Robotic Grasping and Manipulation
Chapter 1 Robotic Grasping and Manipulation In this chapter, we consider problems that arise in designing, building, planning, and controlling operations of robotic hands and end–effectors. The purpose of such devices is often manifold, and it typically includes grasping and fine manipulation of ojects in an accurate, delicate yet firm way. We survey the state-of-the-art reached by scientific research and literature about the problems engendered by these often conflicting requirements, and the work that has been done in this area over the last two decades. Because of space limitations, the chapter does not attempt at providing a survey of the technology of robot hands, but rather it is oriented towards covering the theoretical framework, analytical results, and open problems in robotic manipulation. 1.1 Introduction In many roboticists, the admiration for what nature accomplishes in everiday’s functions of human beings and animals is the original stimulus for their research in emulating these capabilities in artificial life. Among the many awesome realizations of nature, few of the human abilities distinguish man from animals as deeply as manipulation and speech. Indeed, there are animals that can see, hear, walk, swim, etc. more effcicently than men - but language and manipulation skills are peculiar of our race, and constitute a continuing source of amazement for scientists. In this chapter, we will consider in detail the implementation of artificial systems to replicate in part the manipulating ability of the human hand. The three most important functions of the human hand are to explore, to restrain, and to precisely move objects. -
Great Lakes Coastal Program Strategic Plan
U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE The Coastal Program ~ Strategic Plan ~ Stewardship of Fish and Wildlife Through Voluntary Conservation Regional Step-Down Plan Region 3 - “Great Lakes -Big Rivers” Part 2 of 3 FY 2007-2011 Table of Contents I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 II. Regional Overview..................................................................................................................... 3 Wetland Habitat Types............................................................................................................... 3 Coastal Upland Habitat Types ................................................................................................... 4 Stream/Riparian Habitat Types.................................................................................................. 5 Issues and Risks ......................................................................................................................... 6 Cooperative Conservation.......................................................................................................... 6 III. Goal One: Conserving Habitat................................................................................................. 7 Regional Objectives ................................................................................................................... 7 Key Strategic Activities ............................................................................................................ -
Stories in Sand
Above: Cliffs along the trail east of Miners Castle Stories in Sand Sandstone cliffs-ochre, tan, and brown with layers of Moving ice ground volcanic and sedimentary rock from Twelvemile Beach are horn coral from an ancient sea, white and green-tower 50 to 200 feet above the water. previous eras into rubble and slowly enlarged river valleys polished granite and quartz rounded like eggs, and Vast, blue Lake Superior glistens against a cloud-streaked into the wide basins that would become the Great Lakes. disk-shaped fragments of the Jacobsville sandstone. sky. Deep forests of emerald, black, and gold open onto small lakes and waterfalls. The images are like a painter's The last glacier began retreating about 10,000 years ago. Colorful Cliffs The name Pictured Rocks comes from the work. A palette of nature's colors, textures, and shapes Over time its meltwater formed powerful rivers and streaks of mineral stain decorating the face of the cliffs. sets the scene at Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore. scattered rubble onto outwash plains and into crevasses. The streaks occur when groundwater oozes out of cracks. Water scooped out the basins and channels that harbor The dripping water contains iron, manganese, limonite, This place of beauty was authorized as the first national wetlands in the park today. Eventually, as the weight of copper, and other minerals that leave behind a colorful lakeshore in 1966 to preserve the shoreline, beaches, the glacier lessened, the land rose and exposed bedrock stain as the water trickles down a cliff face. cliffs, and dunes and to provide an extraordinary place to lake erosion.