DOCSLIB.ORG

The London Gazette of TUESDAY, the 2Oth of JANUARY, 1948

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The London Gazette of TUESDAY, the 2Oth of JANUARY, 1948 IRumb. 38183 535 SUPPLEMENT TO The London Gazette Of TUESDAY, the 2oth of JANUARY, 1948 Registered as a newspaper THURSDAY, 22 JANUARY, 1948 The War Office, January, 1948. OPERATIONS IN THE FAR EAST, FROM I7TH OCTOBER 1940 TO 27™ DECEMBER 1941 The following Despatch was submitted to the Commander-in-Chief, Sir Archibald Wavell, British Chiefs of Staff on 2&lh May, 1942, on the methods of operating has headquarters, by AIR CHIEF MARSHAL SIR ROBERT and especially why he found such a big expan- -BgOOKE-POPHAM, G.C.V.O., K.C.B., sion from his original staff necessary. C.M.G., D.S.O., A.F.C., Commander-in- At Delhi I stayed with the Viceroy, and estab- Chief in the Far East. lished contact with the Commander-in-Chief, I.—FORMATION OF GENERAL HEADQUARTERS, the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, and their FAR EAST. respective staffs, and with certain civil officials. 1. This despatch, covers the period from the At Rangoon I stayed with the Governor, date of my appointment as Commander-in- Sir Archibald Cochrane, and reached agree- Chief, Far East, the iyth October, 1940, to the ment over the constitutional problems raised by date on -which I handed over to Lieutenant- the appointment of a Commander-in-Chief, Far General Sir Henry Pownall, the 27th December, East. I met the General Officer Commanding, 1941. Major-General (now Lieutenant-General) Sir K. McLeod, visited various establishments, includ- My original staff consisted of seven, exclusive ing the oil refinery at Syriam, and established of my personal assistant. Of these seven, the contact with many of the civil officials. Chief .of Staff, Majpr-General Dewing, the Senior Royal Adr Force Staff Officer, Group- Instructions and General Policy. Captain Darvall, as well as any personal assis- 3. My Directive is given in Appendix A. tant, travelled out with me. On my arrival in Singapore it was agreed The Naval Liaison Officer, Captain Back, that, should I become a casualty, the Com- met me on my arrival at Singapore, and the mander-in-Chief, China Station, should take Army G.S.O.i, Colonel Fawcett, met me in Burma. my place until my successor was appointed. With reference to paragraph 2 of mj~ Before leaving England I saw the Chief of Directive, the meaning of the term " operational the Imperial General .Staff, Chief of the Air control " was explained as being higher direc- Staff and Major-General Ismay individually, tion and control as distinct from detailed opera- but did not meet the Chiefs of Staff collectively tional control. at one of their meetings. fii addition to this Directive, I had two main 2. I left London on Sunday, the 27th guides for action: first, that if was the policy October, and started 'by air from Plymouth on of 'His Majesty's Government to avoid war the 28th October. I spent two clear days in with Japan, and, secondly, that, uiitil a fleet Cairo, three in Delhi and three in Rangoon, was available; our policy 'in the Far East should arriving at Singapore on Thursday,' the 14 th be to rely primarily on .ajrjpower'in conjunction November. General Headquarters', Far East, with such naval forces "as could be made avail- started to operate on .Monday, ; the ' i8th able. The first was confirmed during 1941 in November, 1940. many telegrams, e.g., in March, " Avoidance During the journey I was able to ses the of war with Japan is basis of Far East policy working of the Headquarters of both the Army and provocation must be rigidly avoided," and Air Force in Cairo, and to consult with the. and again in September, " Our policy in the 536 SUPPLEMENT TO THE LONDON GAZETTE, 22 JANUARY, 1948 Far East is still to avoid war with Japan." The Far East is usually examined on a small- The second was. laid down by the Chiefs of scale map, so people are rather apt to get a . Staff in August, 1940. false idea of distances. From Singapore to 4. It was pointed out to me that the require- Alor Star at the North End of Malaya is a good ments of Home Defence, the Battle of the deal further than from London to Aberdeen. Atlantic, and the Middle East, must take pre- Rangoon to Singapore direct by air is about cedence over those of the Far East; at a later i,iop miles; Singapore to Hong Kong, via date Russia also took precedence, and, at one Manila, ds 2,000 miles, about the distance from time, Iraq and Iran. Realising this, it was Gibraltar to Alexandria; and from Singapore obviously our duty to be content with the essen- to Melbourne about 4,100, which is only slightly tial minimum, to consider what we could do less than the distance from London to Aden, without rather than what we would like to have, via Malta and Cairo. and to imake the fullest use of local resources. But we always regarded the strength of 336 Size of General Headquarters Staff. •aeroplanes as an irreducible minimum. {See 7. Although it was obvious that Singapore para. 79 below.} In January, 1941, we were was a key 'position, and -therefore that tbf cautioned against over-estimate of the Japanese defence of Malaya was of the greatest impor- forces. tance, it was evident that, apart from my Direc- I was also informed that the defence organi- tive, the size of -my Staff rendered it quite sation in Malaya was apparently not working impossible to exercise any form of direct opera- smoothly or efficiently, and that this would tional control, except in the widest sense. I necessitate early investigation and action. therefore decided that, although the fact of 5. To carry out the directions outlined above, my headquarters happening to be situated at it was evident that the following steps were Singapore would naturally involve my dealing necessary: — with more details in Malaya than elsewhere, •(a) To avoid any action that might be the Commands of Hong Kong, Malaya and deemed provocative by Japan, but at the Burma must be regarded as of equal status. Each General Officer Commanding would have same time to try and convince her that our 1 strength was too great to be challenged suc- to control the operations in his own area, and cessfully; the initiative of the Air Officer Commanding, (6) To strengthen our defences in the Far Far East, must not be cramped; the operational East, and especially to build up our air forces, control of my headquarters would be limited not only by obtaining new aircraft but also mainly to the movement. of reinforcements, by making all preparations to ensure mutual principally air, within my command and to the reinforcement in the Far East area; issue of directives. (c) To ensure effective co-operation in The staff of General Headquarters, Far East, Malaya, not only between the Royal Navy, was very small for the work it had to carry- the Army and the Air Force but also between out, and immediately on its formation in them and the civil services; Singapore it was found necessary to add three (d) To stiffen the Chinese so that thev duty officers of junior rank in order to ensure could contain the maximum Japanese effort keeping a twenty-four-hour watch in the office. (see paras. 70 and 71 below); and Requests for an increase in staff at General (e) To establish as close co-operation as Headquarters were made on more than one possible with the Dutch and Americans, as occasion, and finally it was agreed by the well as with Australia and New Zealand, the Chiefs of Staff, in August, 1941, that the total' main object being to ensure that, should an establishment should be raised to the; attack be made on any part of the Far East following:— area, all the nations concerned would simul- Commander-in^Ghief: i. taneously enter the war against Japan, thus Chief of Staff: i. avoiding the risk of defeat in detail, as had Staff Officer, ist Grade: Navy i; Army 2^ happened in Europe. R.A.F. 2. 6. A very brief study of the area comprised Staff Officer, 2nd Grade: Navy i; Army 3; in the Far East Command shows that the R.A.F. 3. defence of the whole area is essentially one Staff Officer, 3rd Grade: Navy i. single problem. Burma, Siain, Indo-China, Total, 15. Malaya, the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies, In addition to this, there were:— Australia and, to a lesser extent, New Zealand, Personal Assistant: i. all inter-connect and operations or preparations Cipher Officers: 2. in any one of these areas affect all the others. Signal Officer: i. In view of the above, I regarded it as one of Chief Clerk: i. my principal duties to make personal contacts in these places. During 1941 I visited Australia, Making a total in all of 20. This establish- twice, in February and October, Manila three ment was not completed by the time war broke- times and the Netherlands East Indies five out. times. I also visited Hong Kong in December, The result of the smallness of the Staff was- 1940, and April, 1941; and Burma in June and that individuals were overworked, and this, September, 1941. in conjunction with the Malayan climate, led Another point that stands out is that the to sickness. The most serious case was that, problem is (fundamentally a naval one, and of my Chief of Staff, Major-General Dewing, that, although the Army and Air Force in com- who went into (hospital on the 8th April, and1 bination may defend areas of land and repel remained there until he started for England in an enemy, his definite defeat cannot be brought May.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Australians Into Battle : the Ambush at Gema S
    CHAPTER 1 1 AUSTRALIANS INTO BATTLE : THE AMBUSH AT GEMA S ENERAL Percival had decided before the debacle at Slim River G that the most he could hope to do pending the arrival of further reinforcements at Singapore was to hold Johore. This would involve giving up three rich and well-developed areas—the State of Selangor (includin g Kuala Lumpur, capital of the Federated Malay States), the State of Negr i Sembilan, and the colony of Malacca—but he thought that Kuala Lumpu r could be held until at least the middle of January . He intended that the III Indian Corps should withdraw slowly to a line in Johore stretching from Batu Anam, north-west of Segamat, on the trunk road and railway , to Muar on the west coast, south of Malacca . It should then be respon- sible for the defence of western Johore, leaving the Australians in thei r role as defenders of eastern Johore. General Bennett, however, believing that he might soon be called upo n for assistance on the western front, had instituted on 19th December a series of reconnaissances along the line from Gemas to Muar . By 1st January a plan had formed in his mind to obtain the release of his 22nd Brigade from the Mersing-Jemaluang area and to use it to hold the enem y near Gemas while counter-attacks were made by his 27th Brigade on the Japanese flank and rear in the vicinity of Tampin, on the main road near the border of Malacca and Negri Sembilan . Although he realised tha t further coastal landings were possible, he thought of these in terms of small parties, and considered that the enemy would prefer to press forwar d as he was doing by the trunk road rather than attempt a major movement by coastal roads, despite the fact that the coastal route Malacca-Muar- Batu Pahat offered a short cut to Ayer Hitam, far to his rear .
    [Show full text]
  • Malaya Command 1939]
    7 December 2019 [MALAYA COMMAND 1939] Malaya Command The Malaya Infantry Brigade (1) Headquarters, The Malaya Infantry Brigade & Signal Section 2nd Bn. The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) 1st Bn. The Manchester Regiment (2) 2nd Bn. The Gordon Highlanders 12th Indian Infantry Brigade (3) Headquarters, 12th Indian Infantry Brigade & Signal Section 2nd Bn. The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise’s) 5th Bn. 2nd Punjab Regiment 4th Bn. 19th Hyderabad Regiment 22nd Mountain Regiment, Indian Artillery 15th Field Company, Queen Victoria’s Own Madras Sappers and Miners The Malaya Anti-Aircraft Brigade Headquarters, The Malaya Anti-Aircraft Brigade & Signal Section 1st Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Hong Kong and Singapore Royal Artillery (4) (H.Q., 6th, 9th and 10th Anti-Aircraft Batteries, H.K.S.R.A.) 2nd Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Hong Kong and Singapore Royal Artillery (5) (H.Q., 11th, 12th and 13th Anti-Aircraft Batteries, H.K.S.R.A.) 3rd Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery (6) (H.Q., 11th, 29th and 30th Anti-Aircraft Batteries, Royal Artillery) ©www.BritishMilitaryH istory.co.uk Page 1 7 December 2019 [MALAYA COMMAND 1939] Singapore Fortress Headquarters, Singapore Fortress & Signal Section The Singapore Armoured Car Company 1st (Singapore Volunteer Corps) Bn. The Straits Settlement Volunteer Force 2nd (Singapore Volunteer Corps) Bn. The Straits Settlement Volunteer Force 7th Heavy Regiment, Royal Artillery (7) (H.Q., 11th, and 31st Heavy Batteries, Royal Artillery, and 5th and 7th Heavy Batteries, H.K.S.R.A.) 9th Heavy Regiment,
    [Show full text]
  • Malaya Command (1930-42) History & Personnel
    2019 www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk Author: Robert PALMER A CONCISE HISTORY OF: MALAYA COMMAND (HISTORY & PERSONNEL) A concise history of Malaya Command between 1930 and 1942, including details of the senior officers who held appointments in the Command during this period. Copyright ©www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk (2019) [MALAYA COMMAND (1930-42) HISTORY & 7 December 2019 PERSONNEL] A Concise History of Malaya Command (1930-42) (History & Personnel) Version: 1_1 This edition dated: 7 December 2019 ISBN: Not allocated. All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means including; electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, scanning without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Author: Robert PALMER, M.A. (copyright held by author) Assisted by: Stephen HEAL Published privately by: The Author – Publishing as: www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk © www.BritishMilitaryH istory.co.uk Page 1 [MALAYA COMMAND (1930-42) HISTORY & 7 December 2019 PERSONNEL] Malaya Command Malaya is a country in south-east Asia, although it was not a homogeneous state between the two world wars. It comprised four Straits Settlements, namely: • Singapore; • Malacca; • Dinding; • Penang. These were territories of the United Kingdom, being established as such on 1 April 1867. There were also four Federated Malay States established by the British government in 1895: • Selangor; • Perak; • Negeri Sembilan; • Pahang. The U.K. government was responsible for foreign affairs and defence of these four states. There were five unfederated states, namely: • Perlis; • Kedah; • Kelantan; • Terengganu; • Jahore. These unfederated states were nominally independent but part of the British protectorate of Malaya.
    [Show full text]
  • The Companion Guide V1 D3
    Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5 The Organisation of the 1st Battalion Cambridgeshires .................................................................... 6 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 6 2. The standard infantry battalion in 1942 ............................................................................... 6 3. The Elements of the Battalion .............................................................................................. 8 4. Attached Units .................................................................................................................... 12 4.2 Royal Army Medical Corps Personnel. ....................................................................... 13 5. Brigade Structure ................................................................................................................ 13 6. Neighbouring Battalions ..................................................................................................... 13 6.1 4th and 5th Suffolks...................................................................................................... 13 6.2 5th Loyals .................................................................................................................... 14 6.3 1/5th Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment) ................. 15 6.4
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the First World War Free
    FREE A HISTORY OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR PDF B. H. Liddell-Hart | 608 pages | 17 Jul 2014 | Pan MacMillan | 9780330511704 | English | London, United Kingdom The Top 5 Causes of World War I Though outnumbered by the British defenders, the Japanese concentrated their forces and utilized combined arms skills learned in earlier campaigns to repeatedly flank and drive back the enemy. Utilizing light tanks and bicycles, the Japanese swiftly moved through the peninsula's jungles. Though reinforced, Lieutenant General Arthur Percival's command was unable to halt the Japanese and on January 31 withdrew from the peninsula to the island of Singapore. Destroying the causeway between the island and Johore, he prepared to repel the anticipated Japanese landings. Considered a bastion of British strength in the Far Eastit was anticipated that Singapore could hold or at least offer protracted resistance to A History of the First World War Japanese. To defend Singapore, Percival deployed three brigades of Major General Gordon Bennett's 8th Australian division to hold the western part of the island. Advancing to Johore, Yamashita established his headquarters at the Sultan of Johore's palace. Though a prominent target, he correctly anticipated that the British would not attack it for fear of angering the sultan. Utilizing aerial reconnaissance and intelligence gathered from agents that infiltrated the island, he began to form a clear picture of Percival's defensive positions. On February 3, Japanese artillery began hammering targets on Singapore and air attacks against the garrison intensified. British guns, including the city's heavy coastal guns, responded but in the latter case, their armor-piercing rounds proved largely ineffective.
    [Show full text]
  • Scrapbooks and Albums Finding Aid
    SCRAPBOOKS AND ALBUMS FINDING AID PPCLI Archives scrapbooks and albums in protective boxes, 2018 At the PPCLI Archives, scrapbooks and albums are located in a separate area if they are too large to be stored on regular shelving. They are considered to be parts of archival fonds or collections, which are described in the Archives’ Access To Memory database <https://archives.ppcli.com/> in terms of the person, family, or organization that created or collected them. This finding aid includes detailed descriptions of the contents of the scrapbooks and albums. The project was undertaken in the 1990s, and it continues to be under development. To locate a specific name or term in the pdf version of this finding aid, you can use the “Find On Page” feature, accessed from the “three dots” icon in the upper right hand corner of your screen. Location No. Description of item Description of contents C10-1.1 Part of PPCLI Museum photographs album 1. George R.I. collection 2-14. Armentières - 1915. 8. O.C. Snipers. Museum Photographs August 1914-March 9. Rose. 1919 / Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light 11. Papineau. Infantry 12. Lt. Tabernacle. 13. Sniping past a front line. 1914-1939 (predominant 1914-1919) 16-19. Busseboom (11/05/15) PIAS-1 20-21. Three cheer salute. 22-24. The Guard of Honour : Major M.R. Tenbroeke, M.C. Commanding. 25. Princess Patricia. 26. Farewell Parade held by H.R. H. the Colonel-in-Chief at Liphook, England. (21/02/19) 27. No. 2 Coy. Ottawa. (25/08/14) 28. Inspection by the Colonel-in-Chief / Inspection by The Duke of Connaught, the Governor General of Canada before departing to England.
    [Show full text]
  • Australians at War Film Archive Alan Loxton
    Australians at War Film Archive Alan Loxton - Transcript of interview Date of interview: 1st December 2003 http://australiansatwarfilmarchive.unsw.edu.au/archive/700 Tape 1 00:46 Thanks very much for taking part. Well I think it’s important. Yeah I’m glad you do. You’re somebody we very much want to talk to and we’re glad you made the time for us. To begin with, as I said, 01:00 we just want to get a point by point summary of your life and service career. So maybe you could tell us in no real detail, but tell us about where you grew up in your family. Yes. Well my father served in the First World War as a doctor. He came home in - towards the end of 1918. Mother was ill - he got compassionate leave to come home. And then he bought a practice, a medical practice run down in Enmore. 01:30 Edgeworth Road, Enmore which is near Newtown of course. I was born in 1920. And so, after a while I went to a little pre-school I suppose you’d call it these days, run by Kathleen Thomson. She was very good and I was very lucky. But eventually I found my way to Newington Prep School. 02:00 Newington College. And I spent oh, a good seven years there, which was useful, very useful. I was very young for that period. Too young really. And eventually found my way into the main prep school where I did reasonably well academically. 02:30 Father become dissatisfied with what was happening.
    [Show full text]
  • The London Gazette of FRIDAY, the 2Oth of FEBRUARY, 1948 Published By
    flumi), 38216 1347 THIRD SUPPLEMENT TO The London Gazette Of FRIDAY, the 2oth of FEBRUARY, 1948 published by Registered as a newspaper THURSDAY, 26 FEBRUARY, 1948 REPORT ON THE AIR OPERATIONS DURING THE CAMPAIGNS IN MALAYA AND NETHERLAND EAST INDIES FROM STH ' DECEMBER, 1941 TO I2TH .MARCH, 1942. The following report was submitted to the they were in office, but in general the survey Secretary of State for Air on July 26th, 1947, deals with the period between ist June, 1941, by Air Vice-Marshal Sir PAUL MALTBY, and the outbreak of war. It indicates the K.B.E., C.B., D.S.O., A.F.C., Assistant Air energetic measures which were taken immedi Officer Commanding Far East Command, ately beforehand to prepare the Command foi Royal ,Air Force, from January izth to war, and points a picture of the situation as it ' February loth, 1942, and Air.*0fficer Com- existed at the outbreak of hostilities. mandtng Royal Air Force in Java from The narrative contains only brief reference to February nth to March izth, 1942. developments in Hong Kong, Burcma and the Indian Ocean, operational control of which *. - . FOREWORD. passed out of the hands of the A.O.C. Far East A report on the operations in Malaya and the Command soon after the Japanese had landed ISLE.I. would be incomplete without a survey in Malaya. Their presence in the Command of the situation in the Far East before war during the pre-war penod did, however,, broke out ,there. A convenient date for begin- appreciably divert attention, and work from ning such a survey is ist June, 1941, soon after pressing matters of local application, and to the date, 24th April, 1941, on which the late this degree affected preparation for war in Air Vice-Marshal C.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Conquest of Malaya & Singapore, 1941-42
    Japanese Conquest of Malaya & Singapore, 1941-42 - By Gerald F Pillay1 Introduction Those with an historical or military bent will find this document a comprehensive reprise of the subject, perhaps even overladen with detail. Its value is that the information is not elsewhere found in one place. For the adept I have left in fascinating detail about the re-occupation of Malaya and Singapore, ie Operation Zipper and Operation Tideface, etc. The casual reader may skip much of the document, and only go by the headings. The brave will find that the following annexes provide much for additional digestion: Annex A Air Defence Deployment - 8 Dec 41 Annex B Battle Order - 8 Dec 41 Annex C Map of Japanese Invasion of Malaya 1941-42 Annex D Map of Battle of Singapore, 1942. “Malaya Command” was the term used to describe the defence sector of Malaya and Singapore under a single Commanding Officer. I keep to it for convenience. I have retained the original names of peoples, places and events for historical authenticity. This document is put together from information on the Internet. All sources are given, and are hereby acknowledged. Imperial Defence Strategy2 In the 1920s, the British Imperial geopolitical thinking evolved along the following lines. The most probable enemy in the East was Japan. The main targets to be defended were Australia, New Zealand and British Malaya. Of the last, Singapore would be the prize target. The launch base would be Japan. An air offensive was out of reach. The threat was essentially naval. And finally, distance provided insulation of about 180 days to the actual arrival of any invasion forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Malayan Campaign 1941-42 Lessons for ONE SAF
    POINTER MONOGRAPH NO. 6 Malayan Campaign 1941-42 Lessons for ONE SAF Brian P. Farrell ■ Lim Choo Hoon ■ Gurbachan Singh ■ Wong Chee Wai EDITORIAL BOARD Advisor BG Jimmy Tan Chairman COL Chan Wing Kai Members COL Tan Swee Bock COL Harris Chan COL Yong Wui Chiang LTC Irvin Lim LTC Manmohan Singh LTC Tay Chee Bin MR Wong Chee Wai MR Kuldip Singh A/P Aaron Chia MR Tem Th iam Hoe SWO Francis Ng Assistant Editor MR Sim Li Kwang Published by POINTER: Journal of the Singapore Armed Forces SAFTI MI 500 Upper Jurong Road Singapore 638364 website: www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer First published in 2008 Copyright © 2008 by the Government of the Republic of Singapore. All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Ministry of Defence. Body text set in 12.5/14.5 point Garamond Book Produced by touche design CONTENTS About the Authors iv Foreword viii Chapter 1 1 Th e British Defence of Singapore in the Second World War: Implications for the SAF Associate Professor Brian P. Farrell Chapter 2 13 Operational Art in the Malayan Campaign LTC(NS) Gurbachan Singh Chapter 3 30 Joint Operations in the Malayan Campaign Dr Lim Choo Hoon Chapter 4 45 Command & Control in the Malayan Campaign: Implications for the SAF Mr Wong Chee Wai Appendices 62 ABOUT THE AUTHORS ASSOC PROF BRIAN P. FARRELL is the Deputy Head of the Dept.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright © and Moral Rights for This Thesis Are Retained by the Author And/Or Other Copyright Owners. a Copy Can Be Downloa
    McCrum, Ronald. (2014) The role and consequences of the part played by the civilian authorities in the fall of Singapore, February 1942. PhD thesis. SOAS University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/20319/ Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. THE ROLE AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE PART PLAYED BY THE CIVILIAN AUTHORITIES IN THE FALL OF SINGAPORE, FEBRUARY 1942. Ronald McCrum Thesis submitted for the degree MPhil in History 2014 Department of History SOAS, University of London 1 CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT 3 ABBREVIATIONS 4 INTRODUCTION 6 CHAPTER ONE. BACKGROUND. 18 CHAPTER TWO. A COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION. 44 CHAPTER THREE. THE IMPRECISE BATTLE PLAN. 70 CHAPTER FOUR. CIVIL DEFENCE IN DISARRAY. 95 CHAPTER FIVE. RESPONDING TO THE CAMPAIGN. 117 CHAPTER SIX. THE CIVIL AUTHORITIES DURING THE SEIGE OF SINGAPORE. 150 CHAPTER SEVEN. THE CONSEQUENCES. 176 CHAPTER EIGHT. CONCLUSION. 192 ANNEX A. MAP OF SINGAPORE. ANNEX. B. MAP OF MALAYA.
    [Show full text]
  • EAST INDIA CLUB ROLL of HONOUR Regiments the EAST INDIA CLUB WORLD WAR ONE: 1914–1919
    THE EAST INDIA CLUB SOME ACCOUNT OF THOSE MEMBERS OF THE CLUB & STAFF WHO LOST THEIR LIVES IN WORLD WAR ONE 1914-1919 & WORLD WAR TWO 1939-1945 THE NAMES LISTED ON THE CLUB MEMORIALS IN THE HALL DEDICATION The independent ambition of both Chairman Iain Wolsey and member David Keating to research the members and staff honoured on the Club’s memorials has resulted in this book of Remembrance. Mr Keating’s immense capacity for the necessary research along with the Chairman’s endorsement and encouragement for the project was realised through the generosity of member Nicholas and Lynne Gould. The book was received in to the Club on the occasion of a commemorative service at St James’s Church, Piccadilly in September 2014 to mark the centenary of the outbreak of the First World War. Second World War members were researched and added in 2016 along with the appendices, which highlights some of the episodes and influences that involved our members in both conflicts. In October 2016, along with over 190 other organisations representing clubs, livery companies and the military, the club contributed a flagstone of our crest to the gardens of remembrance at the National Memorial Arboretum in Staffordshire. First published in 2014 by the East India Club. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing, from the East India Club.
    [Show full text]