Novos Enfoques No Estudo Dos Mecanismos De Ação De Metaloproteinases E Outras Proteínas Tóxicas Envolvidas No Envenenamento Ofídico E Lonômico

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Novos Enfoques No Estudo Dos Mecanismos De Ação De Metaloproteinases E Outras Proteínas Tóxicas Envolvidas No Envenenamento Ofídico E Lonômico Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Centro de Biotecnologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Novos enfoques no estudo dos mecanismos de ação de metaloproteinases e outras proteínas tóxicas envolvidas no envenenamento ofídico e lonômico Antônio Frederico Michel Pinto Porto Alegre Outubro de 2006 2 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Centro de Biotecnologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Novos enfoques no estudo dos mecanismos de ação de metaloproteinases e outras proteínas tóxicas envolvidas no envenenamento ofídico e lonômico Antônio Frederico Michel Pinto Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jorge Almeida Guimarães Co-Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jay William Fox Tese submetida ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular (PPGBCM) da UFRGS como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Doutor. Porto Alegre, Outubro de 2006 3 ANTONIO FREDERICO MICHEL PINTO NOVOS ENFOQUES NO ESTUDO DOS MECANISMOS DE AÇÃO DE METALOPROTEINASES E OUTRAS PROTEÍNAS TÓXICAS ENVOLVIDAS NO ENVENENAMENTO OFÍDICO E LONÔMICO Tese submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular (PPGBCM) da UFRGS como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Doutor. Banca Examinadora Dr. Jorge Almeida Guimarães (UFRGS) – Orientador Dr. Elói de Souza Garcia (FioCruz – RJ) Dr. Guido Lenz (UFRGS) Dr. Russolina Benedeta Zingali (UFRJ) Dr. Daniel Macedo Lorenzini (UFRGS) 4 Ao meu avô, Erni Germano Michel 5 Agradecimentos Agradeço ao meu orientador, Dr. Jorge Almeida Guimarães, pelo exemplo de cientista e pessoa, pelo apoio e ensinamentos; Ao meu co-orientador do estágio de doutorado sanduíche, Dr. Jay William Fox, por um ano de trabalho gratificante; Aos meus co-orientadores não-oficiais, Dra. Célia Carlini, Dr. Carlos Termignoni, por todos os ensinamentos de valor inestimável; Aos membros da Banca Examinadora Dra. Russolina Zingali, Dr. Elói Garcia, Dr. Guido Lenz e Dr. Daniel Lorenzini; À Renata Terra pelo amor, suporte e por estar sempre do meu lado nos momentos críticos; À minha família pelo suporte necessário na realização dos meus sonhos; Aos amigos Markus Berger, José Reck Jr., Kátia Moura da Silva, Walter Beys e Lucélia Santi pela amizade e companheirismo, Aos colegas do Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica Ana Veiga, Simone Kobe e Hugo Verli; Aos demais colegas do Laboratório de Peptídeos e Enzimas Proteolíticas e Laboratório de Proteínas Tóxicas; Aos professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular; Aos demais amigos de Centro de Biotecnologia da UFRGS; Aos secretários da pós-graduação Luciano Saucedo e Sílvia Centeno. 6 Índice Apresentação....................................................................................................................... 8 Resumo ............................................................................................................................. 10 Abstract............................................................................................................................. 12 1. Introdução ..................................................................................................................... 14 1.1. A Hemostasia......................................................................................................... 14 1.2. Toxinas de Origem Animal que afetam a Hemostasia........................................... 20 2. Capítulo I - Metaloproteinases de Venenos de Serpentes............................................. 22 2.1. Introdução .............................................................................................................. 23 2.1.1. Venenos de Serpentes e Envenenamentos ...................................................... 23 2.1.2. Metaloproteinases de Venenos de Serpentes – Estrutura e Função................ 24 2.2. Objetivos................................................................................................................ 32 2.3. Resultados.............................................................................................................. 34 2.3.1. Fatores Estruturais da interação da reprolisina atrolisina C e inibidores teciduais de metaloproteinases (TIMPs)................................................................... 35 2.3.2. Mapeamento de sítios de ligação de domínio A de fator de von Willebrand no domínio rico-em-cisteínas de metaloproteinases de venenos de serpentes .............. 45 2.3.3. Degradação de matriz extracelular por metaloproteinases de venenos de serpentes: um enfoque proteômico quantitativo ....................................................... 53 3. Capítulo II - Proteínas Tóxicas da Lagarta Lonomia obliqua....................................... 70 3.1. Introdução .............................................................................................................. 71 3.1.1. A Lagarta Lonomia obliqua............................................................................ 71 3.1.2. O Quadro Clínico do Acidente Lonômico...................................................... 73 7 3.1.3. Princípios Ativos de Lonomia obliqua ........................................................... 75 3.2. Objetivos................................................................................................................ 77 3.3. Resultados.............................................................................................................. 78 3.3.1. Proteases de secreções venenosas de Lonomia obliqua: comparação das atividades pró-coagulantes, fibrin(ogen)olíticas e amidolíticas................................ 79 3.3.2. Novas perspectivas na patogênese do envenenamento pela lagarta Lonomia obliqua baseadas na avaliação da resposta celular por análise da expressão gênica 89 4. Conclusões .................................................................................................................. 108 5. Referências Bibliográficas.......................................................................................... 112 Anexo 1 – Curriculum vitae............................................................................................ 121 8 Apresentação Esta tese de doutorado é fruto do trabalho desenvolvido ao longo de quatro anos no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular. Esta tese foi realizada sob orientação do Professor Dr. Jorge Almeida Guimarães, do Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica do Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, e co-orientação do Professor Dr. Jay William Fox, da Biomolecular Research Facility, Department of Microbiology da University of Virginia. Minha trajetória científica iniciou-se no final de 1997, quando ingressei no Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Jorge Guimarães. Trabalhei inicialmente na linha pesquisa de anti-trombóticos do carrapato Boophilus microplus, sob co-orientação do Prof. Dr. Carlos Termignoni, e iniciei a pesquisa com as proteínas tóxicas de L. obliqua em 1999, gerando meu trabalho de conclusão (2000). Durante o mestrado (2001-2002), continuei o estudo com as toxinas da taturana L. obliqua. Ao longo do doutorado (2002-2006), foram aprofundados os conhecimentos sobre os princípios ativos das secreções venenosas de L. obliqua e seus efeitos no envenenamento, além da realização de importantes projetos paralelos. Durante o estágio de Doutorado-sanduíche (2005-2006), iniciei a pesquisa na área de metaloproteinases de veneno de serpentes, sob a co-orientação do Dr. Jay Fox. Tendo em vista a abrangência dos temas abordados durante o Doutorado, esta tese está divida em dois grandes capítulos: Metaloproteinases de Venenos de Serpentes e Proteínas Tóxicas da Lagarta Lonomia obliqua. Os resultados aqui descritos são apresentados na forma de artigos já publicados ou manuscritos em fase final de 9 preparação. Por fim, são feitas considerações finais sobre as abordagens utilizadas no estudo dos mecanismos de ação de metaloproteinases e proteínas tóxicas envolvidas nos envenenamentos ofídico e lonômico. 10 Resumo Venenos e outras secreções animais vêm sendo explorados como fonte de substâncias ativas na hemostasia em mamíferos. Esses princípios ativos, com funções primárias na alimentação e defesa, afetam elementos chave de quase todas as vias fisiológicas animais, tendo um enorme potencial como base para o desenvolvimento de novas drogas. No envenenamento ofídico, hemorragias locais e sistêmicas são causadas em grande parte pela ação de metaloproteinases hemorrágicas presentes nos venenos (SVMPs). Os estudos com metaloproteinases até então descritos baseiam-se principalmente em metodologias bioquímicas clássicas. Neste trabalho, as metaloproteinases e suas interações com outras proteínas são abordadas através de técnicas de dinâmica molecular, ressonância plasmônica de superfície e proteômica quantitativa. O perfil de inibição da atividade proteolítica de SVMPs por inibidores teciduais de metaloproteinases (TIMPs) foi avaliado. Experimentos de modelagem e dinâmica molecular mostraram similaridades nas bases moleculares da interação das TIMPs tanto com SVMPs quanto com metaloproteinases endógenas (MMPs e ADAMs), seus alvos fisiológicos. O domínio rico-em-cisteínas das SVMPs da classe PIII está envolvido na interação com proteínas de matriz extracelular. Os sítios de interação do domínio rico-em-cisteínas de jararragina com fator de von Willebrand (vWF) foram identificados por ressonância plasmônica de superfície. Um modelo de interação entre os domínios das duas proteínas foi
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