ESTUDO DOS EFEITOS DE METALOPROTEASES/DESINTEGRINAS ISOLADAS DO VENENO DA SERPENTE Bothrops Alternatus SOBRE a ADESÃO CELULAR E EXPRESSAO GÊNICA

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ESTUDO DOS EFEITOS DE METALOPROTEASES/DESINTEGRINAS ISOLADAS DO VENENO DA SERPENTE Bothrops Alternatus SOBRE a ADESÃO CELULAR E EXPRESSAO GÊNICA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS FISIOLÓGICAS ESTUDO DOS EFEITOS DE METALOPROTEASES/DESINTEGRINAS ISOLADAS DO VENENO DA SERPENTE Bothrops alternatus SOBRE A ADESÃO CELULAR E EXPRESSAO GÊNICA MÁRCIA REGINA COMINETTI SÃO CARLOS – SP 2004 ii UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS FISIOLÓGICAS ESTUDO DOS EFEITOS DE METALOPROTEASES/DESINTEGRINAS ISOLADAS DO VENENO DA SERPENTE Bothrops alternatus SOBRE A ADESÃO CELULAR E EXPRESSAO GÊNICA Márcia Regina Cominetti Tese de doutorado apresentada ao programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas do Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de doutor em Ciências Fisiológicas. São Carlos – SP 2004 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo DePT da Biblioteca Comunitária/UFSCar Cominetti, Márcia Regina. C733ee Estudo dos efeitos de metaloproteases/desintegrinas isoladas do veneno da serpente Bothrops alternatus sobre a adesão celular e a expressão gênica / Márcia Regina Cominetti. -- São Carlos : UFSCar, 2004. 199 p. Tese (Doutorado) -- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. 1. Proteínas. 2. Células - adesão. 3. Desintegrina. 4. Integrina. I. Título. CDD: 574.19296 (20a) iii AGRADECIMENTOS A tarefa de agradecer às pessoas e instituições que auxiliaram na elaboração desta tese poderá eventualmente trazer consigo alguns esquecimentos não intencionais. Espero, contudo, não cometer tais esquecimentos e, se por ventura o fizer, desde já me desculpo e peço a compreensão daqueles que não estão citados nesta lista. Em primeiro lugar, agradeço à Dra. Heloísa S. Selistre-de-Araújo, por sua orientação e dedicação. Sua competência e seriedade científica foram fundamentais para o processo que culminou com a elaboração desta tese. Ademais, no curso do trabalho, pude cultivar, além de seus sempre pertinentes ensinamentos, também sua sincera amizade. Agradeço também ao Dr. Jay W. Fox, o qual me recebeu em seu laboratório e disponibilizou-me a estrutura necessária para que experimentos fundamentais desta tese pudessem ser realizados. À Julie Burns, sua competente secretária, agradeço pelo valioso auxílio burocrático e pessoal em todas as inúmeras vezes que necessitei durante minha estadia em Charlottesville. Agradeço ao Dr. Paul Gallagher que pacientemente me auxiliou nos experimentos de Microarrays, e ao Dr. John Shannon, que me auxiliou com os experimentos de seqüenciamento da BaG, realizados no laboratório do Dr. Fox. À Dra. Christina Barja-Fidalgo, da Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) agradeço pelo fornecimento dos anticorpos utilizados neste trabalho. iv Ao Comitê de Venenos do Instituto Butantan (São Paulo – SP), agradeço pelo fornecimento do veneno de B. alternatus, indispensável à realização deste trabalho. À Dra. Ana Maria Moura-da-Silva, também do Instituto Butantan, agradeço pelo fornecimento dos primers para β-actina. À Dra. Verônica Morandi e à Dra. Marta de Freitas, ambas da Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), agradeço pelos experimentos realizados em seus respectivos laboratórios, os quais foram fundamentais para o envio do manuscrito submetido ao JBC. Cabe aqui um agradecimento especial ao grande colega e amigo Oscar H. P. Ramos. Sempre disposto e prestativo, seu auxílio nas atividades de laboratório e sua amizade incondicional foram de grande importância para a elaboração esta tese. Agradeço também, de forma especial, aos demais amigos e colegas de laboratório, Ana Flávia Vitorino, Carmen L. Pontes, Caroline K. Moraes, Cristina H. B. Terruggi, Laura M. Pinotti, Lucas Tabajara, Mônica R. C. Iemma, Raquel A. Mesquita, Renner S. Leite, Roberto M. Verzola, Sabrina Peviani, e à nossa técnica, Irene do Carmo Guimarães. Nossa amizade esteve além das portas do laboratório; nossos famosos “happy hours” serão inesquecíveis e farão muita falta. Agradeço de forma especial à Juliana U. Ribeiro, que em muito colaborou nos experimentos com a BaG. Além de ser uma prestativa “escravinha”, está se mostrando uma competente pesquisadora e tenho orgulho de poder, de alguma forma, ter contribuído para sua iniciação na carreira científica. v À Dra. Ana Paula Ulian de Araújo, à Dra. Dulce Helena Ferreira de Souza e à Dra. Leila Beltramini, as quais participaram de minha banca de qualificação, agradeço a colaboração e as importantes sugestões apresentadas e incorporadas a este trabalho. À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP, agradeço pela concessão da bolsa de estudo e pela disponibilização dos recursos financeiros adicionais necessários para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Agradeço também às novas amizades que tive a grata oportunidade de estabelecer em São Carlos. Aos amigos William, Luci, Érika, Roberto, Mara, Sidney, Luciano e Cris, agradeço pelos momentos de descontração e pelo estímulo permanente. Agradeço às minhas sempre amigas Simone, Cíntia e Edith. Embora nossos caminhos tenham naturalmente nos separado, elas estiveram sempre presentes e dispostas a dividir momentos importantes de minha vida. Aos meus pais, Pedro e Maria Ivone, e à minha irmã Cris e meu cunhado Luciano, os quais, mesmo distantes, estiveram presentes com suas palavras de incentivo e apoio que sempre me fortaleceram. Por fim, agradeço de forma especial ao meu marido Rodrigo, por sua extrema compreensão e paciência durante todas as etapas deste trabalho. Sua seriedade e competência profissional me servem de exemplo e inspiração. Suas palavras de carinho e incentivo nos momentos em que estive longe de sua companhia foram essenciais para que etapas difíceis deste trabalho pudessem ser cumpridas. vi Aquele que duvida e não investiga torna-se não só infeliz, mas também injusto. Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). vii LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS ADAM = Uma desintegrina e metaloprotease (Proteína que apresenta domínios desintegrina e metaloprotease) BaG = Bothrops alternatus Gelatina (Metaloprotease/desintegrina purificada de B. alternatus em coluna de gelatina-Sepharose) BSA = Albumina de soro bovina CaCl2 = Cloreto de cálcio CIB = Proteína que se liga a cálcio e integrina CMFDA = 5-cloro metil fluoresceína diacetato DMEM = Meio modificado de Dulbecco ECM = Matriz extracelular EDTA = Ácido etileno diamino tetracético EGF = Fator de crescimento epidermal ERK = Quinase extracelular regulada FAK = Quinase de adesão focal FBS = Soro fetal bovino FGF = Fator de crescimento de fibroblasto GAPDH = Gliceraldeído-3-fosfato desidrogenase ICAM = Molécula de adesão intracelular ICAP = Proteína associada com a região citoplasmática de integrinas ILK = Quinase ligada a integrina JAB = Proteína ligada ao domínio de ativação Jun JNK = Quinase N-terminal Jun MadCAM = Molécula de adesão celular da mucosa MAPK = Proteína quinase ativada por mitógeno MHD = Dose hemorrágica mínima MIBDP = Proteína ligante da integrina β1 específica de músculo MTT = 3-[4,5-Dimetiltiazol-2il]-2,5-difeniltetrazoleo brometo PBS = Salina tamponada com fosfato PDGF = Fator de crescimento derivado de plaqueta PI-3K = Fosfatidilinositol 3-quinase PKC = Proteína quinase C PMSF = Fenilmetilsufonilfluoreto PVDF = Polivinilidenodifluoreto RACK = Receptor para proteína quinase C ativada RGD = Seqüência tripeptídica (Arg-Gly-Asp) SDS-PAGE = Eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida e dodecil sulfato de sódio SVMP = Metaloprotease de veneno de serpente TCA = Ácido tricloroacético TGF-β = Fator de crescimento transformante beta VCAM = Molécula de adesão celular vascular VEGF = Fator de crescimento endotelial vascular WAIT = Proteína associada com caudas citoplasmáticas de integrinas viii LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – Famílias das zinco-metaloproteases ________________________________ 6 Figura 2 – Diagrama esquemático da estrutura das classes de metaloproteases de venenos de serpente ____________________________________________________ 9 Figura 3 – Relação entre a estrutura das ADAMs e SVMPs _____________________ 15 Figura 4 – Principais eventos de sinalização celular ocorridos após a ligação das integrinas aos seus ligantes na matriz extracelular ____________________________ 44 Figura 5 – Perfil cromatográfico das amostras do veneno bruto de Bothrops alternatus eluídas da coluna de Gelatina-Sepharose ___________________________________ 62 Figura 6 – Perfil cromatográfico das amostras correspondentes à fração P2, eluídas da coluna de Gelatina-Sepharose e aplicadas à coluna DEAE-Sepharose_____________ 64 Figura 7 – Purificação da BaG ____________________________________________ 66 Figura 8 – Comparação da seqüência parcial de aminoácidos da BaG com outras metaloproteases de venenos de serpente ___________________________________ 68 Figura 9 – Inibição da agregação plaquetária induzida por ADP pela BaG-I _________ 70 Figura 10 – Inibição da adesão celular pela BaG-I_____________________________ 72 Figura 11 – Determinação do IC50 da atividade de inibição de adesão das células da linhagem K562 à fibronectina pela BaG-I ____________________________________ 74 Figura 12 – Promoção da adesão celular pela BaG-I___________________________ 75 Figura 13 – Especificidade de ligação da BaG-I_______________________________ 77 Figura 14 – Desadesão das células K562 pela BaG-I __________________________ 79 Figura 15 – Inibição da proliferação de células da linhagem K562 pela BaG-I________ 81 Figura 16 – Diferenças no perfil de expressão gênica em fibroblastos humanos semeados sobre ALT-C comparado com fibroblastos semeados sobre colágeno
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