Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49110-5 — the Making of Empire in Bronze Age Anatolia Claudia Glatz Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49110-5 — The Making of Empire in Bronze Age Anatolia Claudia Glatz Index More Information

INDEX

number in italics refers to table or ﬁgure; number in bold refers to footnote

acculturation 16, 22, 129, 261 Anti-Taurus Acemhöyük 37, 60, 62, 90, 96 highlands 182 Adad-nirari I 180, 191 mountains 61, 85, 281 agricultural estate 76, 79, 93, 98, 117, 138, Aparru, governor of Kalasma 168 184 Apology of Hattusili 65–66, 131–32 AGRIG system 84–86, 93, 95, 106, 114, Arameans See Ahlamu 116 Arawanna 168–69 Ahlamu (Arameans) 181, 192 archive ‘Ain Dara relief-orthostats 279, 286 Alalakh 214 Akpınar (Sipylos) 160, 160, 167 Amarna 35 Alacahöyük central Anatolian 36 cult centre 78, 82, 203 Dur-Katlimmu 191 destruction 266 Emar 187, 220 funerary displays 57 Hattusa 35–36, 76, 166, 216, 241, 266 gate systems 183 Hema family, Emar 187, 221 Iron Age 276 Kültepe 60 Mesopotamian cylinder seal 292 Sapinuwa 87 Middle Hittite tablets 36 Sarissa 88 pre-ﬁring potmarks 244 Tapikka 86, 132 relief 106, 108, 111, 111 Ugarit 215, 217–18, 226, 291 Alaksandu of Wilusa 40, 162 Westbau, Niş antepe 76, 159, 203–4, 209, 216, 218 Alalakh See Tell Atchana-Alalakh Zu-Ba‘la’s, Emar 187, 221, 224–26 Alasiya 40, 264, 290 Arinna Aleppo See Halab-Aleppo cult city 110–11, 113–14 Aliş ar Höyük 60, 93, 93, 106, See also Amkuwa; -Hebat 166 Ankuwa Mursili’s Prayer to 134 Altınova plain 179, 183–84, 259 sungod 110, 130 Amasya 137, 140, 145, 276 Ari-Sarruma, king of Isuwa 212 Amkuwa 93, See also Aliş ar Höyük; Ankuwa Armananis 280, 281 Amuq plain 257, 277–78 Arma-ziti, prince 197–99, 216 Amurru Arnuwanti’s stelae 281–83 polity of 191, 213, 218 Arslantepe See Melid/Malatya; Melizi/Melid Sausgamuwa of 182, 218 Arzawa 39, 40, 168, 172, 295 scribal traditions 218 Assyria tribute payment 39 Adad-nirari I 180, 191 AN.TAH.̮ ŠUM festival 109, 110, 111–12 allegiance with Mitanni 179–80 Anitta 61, 93 Ashurbanipal II 5 Anitta Text 61–62, 64–65, 67, 129 imperialist aspirations 175 Ankuwa 93, 111, 113, See also Aliş ar Höyük Middle 40, 186, 188–93, 231, 234, 281 Annals of Hattusili I 50, 64, 130 Neo- 16–17, 51, 153, 231, 298 Annals of Mursili II 39, 65, 134, 158, 168 Old 37, 61, 69, 93, 130, 177 Annals of Tudhaliya I/II 130–31 propaganda 5–6

363

364 INDEX

Assyria (cont.) definition 203 raid 181–82 Gordion 208 relief carvings 5 Hattusa 202 Samsi-Adad I 60 Kaman-Kalehöyük 94 Shalmaneser I 181–82, 190 Kayalıpınar 90 Tukulti-Ninurta I 85, 181–82, 291 Korucutepe 211 Astata, Land of 180, 186, 191, 214, 221, See also Kültepe 57 Meskene-Emar Kurucutepe 212 Azzi people 140, 150 Kuş aklı-Sarissa 89 landgrant documents 206 Babylon 10, 37, 39, 63, 178 Maş at-Tapikka 86 beak-spouted jug 108, 108, 165, 252 Niş antepe 159 beer 25, 105, 115, 250 Norş untepe 212 BĒL MADGALTI 84–86, 132, 221 Ortakaraviran Höyük 208 Beycesultan 169, 208, 256 practice of sealing with 200 Bitik 82, 106 Şarhöyük-Dorylaion 208 Bogazköy-Hattusă See also Hattus; Niş antepe Soli Höyük 211 Anitta Text 61, 64, 67 Tarsus 209 archives 35–36, 76, 166, 240, 266 Tell Fray 188 Bronze Tablet 35, 170 Burunkaya relief 170, 294 bull vessels 107 bullae 202 Çadır Höyük 93, 274–76 Büyükkale 70, 72, 74, 115, 203, 254 calendar Büyükkale-Upper City viaduct 66 Emar’s new cultic 224–25 Büyükkaya 67, 74, 104, 146, 148, 268–72, 270, reproductive 109 272, 273–75 royal travel and performance 103, 302 clay labels 218 Canaanite jar 258–59, 292 feasting 252–54 Carchemish fortification 66, 71, 74, 76, 234 archival evidence 190 hall-type house 88 Assyrian merchants 191 KI.LAM festival 114–15 campaign of Hattusili I 177 landgrant document 76–78 Emar 221–22, 225, 227, 287 Late Helladic pottery 292 excavations 35, 213, 285–86 Lower City 69, 71, 74, 203, 252 Ini-Tesub I 191, 216, 294 miniature pottery 115, 248, 252, 254 Iron Age 277, 279, 285–86 monumental gates 72, 157, 170 Kuzi-Tesub 185, 192, 279, 281, 285 monumentalisation 32, 70–76 relationship with Ugarit 213, 215, 289 pottery workshop 72, 237, 266 Sarri-Kusuh 294 pre-firing potmarks 244 scribal and sealing traditions 216, 219, relief vase 106 226 signet rings 204 Suhis-Katuwas dynasty 285 silo 99, 104, 116, 138, 268 Suppiluliuma I 39, 213, 294 southern ponds 112 tablets issued by chancellery 206, 289 spoliation 266 Taki-Sarruma 200, 217 Südburg inscription 40, 64, 73, 157, 264, 281, 294 Talmi-Tesub 216, 224, 279 temples 74, 114, 150, 203, 249, 252 treaty with Mursili II 294 Upper City 70–72, 146, 156, 239 viceroy 179–80, 186, 221, 226, 279, 294 Yazılıkaya 76, 157, 163, 168, 252 cemetery borderlands definition 33 Gordıon 208, 255 bowls with inverted rims 250–52, 256–58, 260 Osmankayası 76 Boyabat-Kovuklukaya 141, 145–46 Royal Cemetery at Ur 200 Boyalı Höyük 82 Chief of the Borderguards See BĒL MADGALTI brewery 88, 250 Cide Archaeological Project 148 Bronze Tablet 35, 96, 120, 170, 206, 294–95 clay labels 217, 222 bull vessel 107–8 colonisation, agricultural 52, 81, 92, 98, 117, 130, bulla 190 Acemhöyük 60 copper mine 141, 182, 184 Carchemish 213, 279 Çorum Province 78

INDEX 365

corvée services 81, 181, 221, 299 depicted on relief vases 79, 105–7 cult inventories 62, 113, 115 Great Festival for Telipinu 111–12 cult inventory text 115 KI.LAM 109, 112, 114–15, 286 cuneiform tablets LÚAGRIG, responsible for cult 84 Anatolian 200–5, 218 New Year 252 free-format 207, 222, 225 nuntarriyašhaš 109 Hittite at Ugarit 215 of Istar 89 hybridising 218 parties 99 issued by Carchemish chancellery 206, 216 purulli- 132 issued by Hattusa chancellery 215 royal 113 Syrian (Emar) 207 royal residance during 85 Syro-Anatolian (Syro-Hittite) 207 spring 89, 112–13, 295 Ugaritic 206, 216 texts 104, 112, 114, 247, 249–51 Cyprus 40, 254, 263–64, 290 travel 99, 109, 114 zukru- 225 Daesh See Islamic State (ISIS) Fıraktın höyük 165 Darende stele 282–83 Fıraktın relief 108, 164–66, 166, 284 Deeds of Suppiluliuma 49, 63, 131, 143 frontier governor (BĒL MADGALTI) 84–86, 132, deportation 63, 277, 290, 295, 297–98 221 Devrez river (valley) 83, 130, 134–35, 140 Devrez-Kızılırmak line 137–38, 144 GAL MEŠEDI 85, 91, 254 divine stone house of the dead’ See NA4hekur Gavur Kalesi 112, 154 monument Gordion See Yassıhöyük-Gordion Dumanlı Kale 135, 146, 149 Gözlu Kule-Tarsus 36, 209–11, 244, 245, 256–58 dunnu (lordly manors) 190, 192 Late Helladic pottery 258 Durmitta 113, 131 granary 47, 84–85 Gürün inscription 281 Ebla 177, 214, 285 Eﬂatun Pınar 112, 154 Halab-Aleppo Emar See Meskene-Emar Hittite prince 179, 213, 294 Emirgazi altars 170, 281 kingdom of Yamhad 177 Eskiyapar 78, 106, 203, 276 Mursili I 178 province 179 farmsteads 75–76, 79, 93 relationship with Carchemish 214 Fasıllar 154 relief-orthostats 279, 286 Fatmaören Höyügü˘ 81 vassal treaty 213 feasting See also festival viceregal seat 39 association with gate structures 286 Hamite relief 154, 164 Beycesultan 256 hamlet 58, 75, 79, 93, 184 commensal 19, 104, 109 Hanhana 79, 112–13, 130 communal 19, 114, 225 Hanigalbat 180–81, 190, 192 elite 19, 254 Hanyeri relief 162–64, 164 funerary 57 Hartapu 157, 170–73, 280, 294 iconography 262 Hatip relief 154, 170, 172, 294 Karahöyük 279–81 Hatti, Land of Kayalıpınar 253 border with Tarhuntassa 294 kit 253 Deeds of Suppiluliuma 63 Kuş aklı-Sarissa 88, 115, 251–53 eastern 83, 92, 132, 140 of the GAL MEŠEDI 254 gods of 225 pottery 20, 105, 247–55, 248, 255 Hittite hegemony 118 public 254 inscription of Suppiluliuma II 264 state-sponsored 19, 247 Lower Land 49, 96 tributary 114 man of the 49 festival Proclamation of Telipinu 50 AN.TAH.̮ ŠUM 109, 110, 111 Upper Land 49 autumn 113, 122, 295 Hattus See also Bogazköy-Hattusa˘ circuit 113 city of 64, 67, 70, 93 depicted on Alacahöyük relief 111 king 61, 67

366 INDEX

Hattusa See Bogazköy-Hattusa˘ human skeletal remains 62 Hattusili I 38, 79, 93, 95, 176 Iron Age pottery 276 Hattusili III Late Bronze Age-Iron Age transition 276 Adad-nirari letter 191 provincial centre 203 and Puduhepa seal 188, 222 relief vase 106 cult inventories 113 Kanes kingdom 58–62, See also Kültepe-Kanes deportations 297 Karabel relief 154, 172, 172 Kadasman-Enlil of Babylon letter 181 Karadag˘ relief 170, 173, 294 king of northern borderlands 40, 294 Karahöyük stele 279–81, 281, 280 Kurunta of Tarhuntassa 294 Karahöyük-Elbistan 106, 276, 279 landscape monuments 162–68, 284 Karahöyük-Konya 37, 60, 62 peace treaty with Ramses II 37, 40 Karkamiš See Carchemish Tiliura Decree 133, 297 ka¯rum 59, 59, 60 Tukulti-Ninurta letter 291 Kasha 112 Hayasa people 140, 150 Kaska homogeneity See also standardisation border settlements 63–64 cultural 128, 196 conﬂict 83, 129, 133, 138, 143, 152 ideologically driven 239–41 -Hittite borderlands 42, 125, 128, 132, 134, 138 measure of 235 migration 130 of north-central Anatolian pottery 115, 247, 254 people 125–29, 133–50, 270–71 striving for 22, 228–30, 232, 304 prisoners of war 142 Hulaya River Land 95, 120, 170 socio-political organisation 134 Hurri and Seri (bulls of the Stormgod) 79, 107 Tiliura Decree 133 Hüseyindede See Yörüklü-Hüseyindede Tepesi treaty with Hittite state 133, 141, 143 huwaši-sanctuary 88, 112, 253 Kassite Babylonia 16, 51, 178 hybridity Kayalıpınar bureaucratic practices 303 architectural rupture 92 cultural 34, 149, 220, 284 bull vessels 107 Hittite imperial relationships 24 bullae 90 identity 22–23 excavations 35, 91, 157 scribal traditions 218–19 feasting 253 sealing traditions 216–17, 222, 225–26 regional centre 98 Samuha cult centre 49, 66, 85, 90, 114 Illuyanka, myth of 132, 284 tablets 36 Imamkulu˙ monument 158, 162 use of architectural orthostats 285 Imikus˙ ̧ ag˘ı 183, 244, 261 KI.LAM festival 109, 112, 114–15, 286 Inand˙ ıktepe Kilise Tepe 210, 211, 259, 273, 285 agricultural estate 79, 138 Kili-Tesub See Sattiwaza of Mitanni cult equipment 107–8 Kilushepa, queen of Isuwa 212 excavations 35, 79–81, 80 Kinet Höyük 245–46, 259 Kaska conﬂict 83, 138 Kınık Höyük 98, 277 landgrant document 79 Kınık-Kastamonu 107, 137, 141, 142, 145 relief vase 105, 105–7, 111, 249–51 Kızıldag˘ relief 170, 173, 294 Ini-Tesub I of Carchemish 191, 216, 294 Kızılırmak inventory text 114, 141, 225, 290 delta 130 Ir-Tesub 280–81 river 47–48, 61, 82, 89–90, 96, 125 Islamic State (ISIS) 4–9, 8 river bend 130 Ispekçür˙ stele 282–83 river crossing 95, 138 Istar 65, 89, 110, 130 Kizzuwatna Isuwa, kingdom of 179, 183–84, 203–12 kingdom 179, 209, 257 itinerary, travel cult 99, 113, 130 Puduhepa, daughter of the Land of 166 seal house 85 Kadasman-Enlil II of Babylon 181 tax payment of copper 290 Kalasma 40, 168–69 Korucutepe 184, 210, 211–12, 244, 245, 259–60, 278 Kaman-Kalehöyük Kötükale inscription 281, 282, 282 bullae 94 Ku(wa)lanamuwa excavations 94 monuments 158–60, 162–64 grain storage facility 95, 104 seal impression 159

INDEX 367

Kültepe-Kanes 37, 54, 57–62, 59, 62, 69, 90 Suratkaya 160–62, 161, 167 Kurunta of Tarhuntassa 35, 40, 96, 120, 156, 170, Taş çı 167, 166–68 294–95 Yalburt pool complex 40, 112, 168, 169, 170, 173, Kusakļ ı Höyük (Yozgat) 36, 92 281, 286 Kuş aklı-Sarissa Yazılıkaya 76, 157, 163, 168, 252 acropolis 92, 249 Landschenkungsurkunde See landgrant document brewery 88, 250 Late Helladic pottery 86, 165, 258, 265, 273, bull vessel 107 292 cult centre 114, 203, 212 law code, Hittite 49, 54, 55, 56, 77, 116, 290 destruction 265 libation excavations 35, 80, 87–91 arm-shaped vessel 115, 252, 258, 260 feasting 88, 115, 251–53 equipment 114, 150, 259, 291 huwaši-sanctuary 88, 253 jug 108, 165 king of 85 ritual act 110, 112, 114, 286 landgrant document 89 scene 108, 108, 165, 205, 282, 284, 286 Late Bronze Age texts 36 source of 131 Late Bronze Age-Iron Age transition 268 Lidar Höyük 185, 212, 279 Late Helladic pottery 292 Lord of the Watchtowers See BĒL MADGALTI pre-firing potmarks 243, 244 Lower Land 49, 66, 96 regional centre 98 LÚAGRIG See AGRIG system relationship with Hattusa 91 Lukka Lands 40, 168, 264, 294 spring festival 89, 112 Luwian, hieroglyphic stored grain 104, 117 aedicula 161, 168, 170, 204, 215 Kuzi-Tesub of Carchemish 185, 192, 279, 281, 285 bullae 213 cylinder seals 216, 224 Labarna inscription attributing patronage 157–68 anonymous seal 79, 203 inscription, Darende stele 283 Proclamation of Telipinu 45 inscription, Ispekçür˙ stele 283, 283 seal 76 inscription, Karahöyük stele 280–81, 280 title 204 inscription, Niş antaş 157, 281 landgrant document inscription, Ortaköy-Sapinuwa 157 before and during reign of Telipinu 130 inscription, Südburg 40, 64, 73, 157, 264, 294 disuse 109 inscription, Yalburt 40, 173, 281 Hattusa 76–78 inscriptions, Carchemish 285–86 Inand˙ ıktepe 79, 106 letter writing 35 Kuş aklı-Sarissa 89 limestone figure 212 Labarna seal 76, 203 potmarks 188, 243 royal 77, 83, 206 pseudo- 208 Tarsus 209 script use in Syro-Anatolian region 277 landscape monument seals 185, 185, 204 Akpınar (Sipylos) 160, 160, 167 signet rings 207, 224 Arnuwanti’s stelae 281–83 silver bowl engraved with 142 as political technology 151–54, 172–74, 296, 303 stamp 198, 211, 216, 218, 224 Eflatun Pınar 112, 154 wooden writing boards 35 Fasıllar 154 Fıraktın 108, 164–66, 166 Maraššantiya See Kızılırmak river Gavur Kalesi 112, 154 Mari 181, 189, 214, 225 Hamite 154, 164 Masa kingdom 122, 264 Hanyeri 162–64, 164, 284 Maş at-Tapikka Hatip 154, 170, 172, 294 cult centre 114, 203 Imamkulu˙ 162–63, 163 district centre 98 Karabel 154, 172, 172 excavations 35, 86–87, 91 Ku(wa)lanamuwa 158–60, 162–64 final destruction 265 of king Hartapu 157, 170–73, 280, 294 Hittite border town 140 of king Runtiya 281 Late Bronze Age texts 35, 86–87, 116, of Kurunta of Tarhuntassa 40, 96, 156, 170, 294 142 patrons 153–58, 165 Late Bronze Age-Iron Age transition 268 Sirkeli 154, 165 Late Helladic pottery 86, 265, 274

368 INDEX

Melid/Malatya See also Melizi/Melid northern Syria and southern Levant Assyrian raid 181 262 ceramic tradition 246, 261 Noş untepe 261 excavations 183 Oymaagaç˘ Höyük 150 identiﬁcation of Melid 49 Porsuk/Zeyve Höyük 257 Mitanni’s realm of inﬂuence 179 Sarissa 249 seal and seal impressions 212 Yassıhöyük-Gordion 256 Melizi/Melid See also Melid/Malatya Yazılıkaya 252 Arnuwanti’s stelae 281–83 Mira Gate of Lions 284, 285, 286 kingdom 168, 172, 295 Iron Age kingdom 277, 279, 281–84 Kupanta-Kuruntiya, king of 161 Ir-Tesub 280 -Kuwaliya 162 king PUGNUS-mili 281, 284 Man of 161 king Runtiya 281 princes of 162 merchant Tarkasnawa, king of 172, 208 Amurru 182 Mitanni Assyrian 69, 99, 182, 191 Alalakh 214 Emar 191 Emar 190 foreign in Ugarit 215 imperial aspirations 16, 175 international class of 290 kingdom 179–80 ka¯rum settlement, Kültepe-Kanes 59, 59, 60 -style cylinder seal 185, 211, 222 Levantine 192 Suppiluliuma’s victory over 39, 186 Mesopotamian 58 Tell Bazi 188 Old Assyrian 37, 62, 130 Tell Munbaqa-Ekalte 187 Ugaritic 198, 291 Tur Abdin mountain region 192 Mersin 244, 258 Mursili I 38–39, 63, 178 Meskene-Emar Mursili II adminstrative practices 187 Arzawa 39, 172, 295 excavations 35, 186–87 bureaucratic apparatus at Hattusa 203 kingdom of Yamhad 177 Carchemish 213 Late Bronze Age textual evidence 36, 187, 190, dedication of Timmuhala to the gods 64 221–22, 224–26 Deeds of Suppiluliuma 63, 131, 143 political institutions 220–21 deportations 297 relationship with Carchemish 221, 227, 303 Kupanta-Kuruntiya of Mira 162 ritual, time, administrative practices 286, 303 plague epidemic 39 Sabi-Abyad text 192 Plague prayers 65, 141 scribal traditions (Late Bronze Age) 206, 218, seal of 215 221–24 Syrian campaign 191 Zu-Ba‘la’s archive 187, 221, 224–26 Syrian rebellion 219 mimesis treaty with Carchemish 294 analytical lense of 24 Mursili’s Prayer to Arinna 134 and rejection 227 Muwatalli II behavious as 33 appointed Hattusili III governor 85, 294 cultural 22, 226–27, 232, 261, 263, 287 Apology of Hattusili 65–66 form of 275 battle of Qadesh 37, 40 incentive for 4 cult centre Samuha 90 material 27 royal seal 204 strategic 278, 296 Sirkeli relief 164–65 miniature pottery Tarhuntassa 40, 266, 294 depicted in Anatolian ritual iconography 238 treaty with Alaksandu of Wilusa 40, 162 feasting 255 Mycenaean pottery See Late Helladic pottery Fıraktın 165 Gözlu Kule-Tarsus 258 NA4hekur monument 72, 77, 112 Hattusa 115, 248, 252, 254 NAM.RA.MEŠ (civilian captives of war) 143, 290, Kinet Höyük 259 297 Korucutepe 246, 260 Nerik See also Oymaagaç˘ Höyük Late Bronze Age north-central Anatolian 238 Apology of Hattusili 132 Mersin 259 cult centre 113, 130, 132, 138

INDEX 369

Prayer of Arnuwanda and Asmunikal 131 Porsuk/Zeyve Höyük 91–98, 208, 244, 245–46, soldiers of Arawanna 169 255–57, 276 strom-god of 113 potmark 242–46 Niqmadu vase 261 pottery workshop Niş antaş inscription 157, 281 excavated 234 Niş antepe Hattusa 270 NA4hekur monument 72 Tell Sabi Abyad 234 Westbau archive 76, 159, 203–4, 209, 216, 218 Upper City, Hattusa 72, 234, 237, 241, 266 Norş untepe 184–85, 212, 237, 246, 257–61, 278 Prayer of Arnuwanda and Asmunikal 131–32, 143, 182 Proclamation of Telipinu See Telipinu Proclamation Okçular Kale 145 Puduhepa 40, 108, 166, 188, 209, 222 Okçular ware 148–49, 148 PUGNUS-mili, king of Melid 281, 284 Old Assyrian trade network 37, 61, 69, 93, 130, 177 Pulur 140 Ortaköy-Sapinuwa Purushattum kingdom 58, 60–61 capital under Tudhaliya III 66 destruction 92 Ramses II 37, 40, 153, 291 excavations 35, 80, 87 Ras Shamra-Ugarit identification with Sapinuwa 49 Arma-ziti 197–98 Late Bronze Age texts 35 campaigns of Hattisili I 177 orthostats 157, 284 clay labels 217 seals and seal impressions 203 correspondence with Amurru 218 Oymaagaç˘ Höyük See also Nerik excavations 35 bull vessel 107 Late Bronze Age textual evidence 36, 182, 205, Early Bronze Age houses 146 215–19, 291 excavations 132, 138–40, 138–40 relationship with Carchemish 214–15 Iron Age 276 scribal traditions 215–19, 226 Late Bronze Age text 203 tribute payments 116, 219, 290, 292 pottery tradition 146, 147, 149–50, 271 Ugaritic clay tablets 206 temple destruction 266 vassal treaty 39, 120, 213, 215 Red-Lustrous Wheel-Made ware 97, 252, 254, palace 259–60, 291 Acemhöyük 60, 90 Reisefeste See Festival, travel Assyrian 6 relief vase at Middle Bronze Age trading centres 62 Aliş ar Höyük 93, 106 -based kingdom 220, 278 Bitik 82, 106 Büyükkale 70, 74, 254 distribution 107 Carchemish 285, 287 Eskiyapar 106 Ebla 214 Hüseyindede 81, 106–7 -focused political network 186, 292 Inand˙ ıktepe 79, 105–7, 105, 111, 249–51 Hattusa 112, 252 Kabaklı 106 Kültepe 59 Kaman-Kalehöyük 106 official 212, 214–15 Karahöyük-Elbistan 106, 279 provincial 77, 85, 87, 90 Maş at-Tapikka 106 Pylos 236 Mülkbükü 106 regional 91 Uruk-Warka vase 105 Samuha 90 ruination 63–64, 67, 74, 288 Sarissa 89 Runtiya, king of Melid 281 Tell Fray 188 Tell Munbaqa-Ekalte 187 Sahurunuwa, viceroy 224 Ugarit 215, 217 Salman Höyük 53, 136 Pitassa, Land of 120, 168–69 Samsun 48, 137, 140, 145, 276 Piyassili/Sarri-Kusuh, prince 180, 294 Samuha 49, 66, 85, 90, 114, See also Kayalıpınar Plague prayers of Mursili II 65, 141 sanctuary POCULUM, land of 280–81 huwaši- 253 pool, sacred rock 76, 252 Eflatun Pınar 112, 154 Sapinuwa See Ortaköy-Sapinuwa Suppitassu 112 Sargon of Akkad 15, 58, 178 Yalburt 40, 112, 168, 169, 170, 173, 281, 286 Sarissa See Kuş aklı-Sarissa

370 INDEX

Sarri-Kusuh of Carchemish 294 Sirkeli relief 154, 165 Sattiwaza of Mitanni 179–80 Siyannu kingdom 120, 197, 214, 216 Sausgamuwa of Amurru 182, 218 Sos Höyük 140 Schimmel Rhyton 108, 108, 284 spoliation of early post-imperial monuments 284–86 Schwapprandschalen See bowls with inverted rims standardisation 230–33, 235–36, 239, 263, 273, 304, scribal traditions See also homogeneity (central) Anatolian 205, 207, 215 Stellvertreter cult 114, 287 Amurru 218 subaltern 10, 22, 28, 302 Emar 221–25 Südburg inscription 40, 64, 73, 157, 281, 294 hybridising 218–19 Suppiluliuma I Syrian 206 Annals of Mursili II 39, 65, 131, 158 Syro-Hittite or Syro-Anatolian 207 bureaucratic apparatus at Hattusa 203 Ugarit 215–19, 226 Deeds of Suppiluliuma 49, 63, 131, 143 seal (impression) deportation 297 of a great/head of the charioteers 188 fortication of Hattusa 66 of Ari-Sarruma, king of Isuwa 212 Mitanni 179–80, 186 of Arma-ziti 197, 198, 216 plague epidemic 39 of Hattusili III and Puduhepa 188, 222 Sattiwaza Treaty 179–80 of Hismi-Tesub 224 seal of 86, 204 of Ini-Tesub 216 Syrian campaign 191, 213, 294 of Isputahsu, king of Kizzuwatna 209 Zida, brother of 166 of Kantuzzili (GAL MEŠEDI) 91 Suppiluliuma II of king Ammistamru II of Ugarit 217 loyalty oath 296 of king Tarkasnawa of Mira 172 Niş antaş inscription 157, 281 of Ku(wa)lanamuwa 159 Südburg inscription 64, 73, 157, 281, 294 of Kuzi-Tesub of Carchemish 185, 279 urban monuments 40, 172, 264–65 of lower ranking Hittite ofﬁcials 216 Suratkaya reliefs 160–62, 161, 167 of Ma/izitima 89 Sutu/Suteans 192 of Mursili II 215 of Muwatalli II 204 Tabal kingdom 62, 277 of Pihaziti 212 Talmi-Tesub of Carchemish 216, 224, 279 of prince Sauskakurunti 170 Tapikka See Maş at-Tapikka of Puduhepa 209 Tarhuntassa of Samsi-Adad I 60 Bronze Tablet 35, 96, 120, 170, 206, 295 of Sausgamuwa of Amurru 218 devolution of power from Hattusa to 273 of Son of Niqmadu, King of Ugarit 217 Hittite capital under Muwatalli II 40, 64, 66, 266, 294 of Suppiluliuma I 86, 204 Kurunta of 40, 96, 156, 170, 294 of Taki-Sarruma 216, 217 Südburg inscription 64, 294 of Tarkasnawa of Mira 172 Ulmi-Tesub treaty 212 of Tudhaliya I/II 90 Tarsus See Gözlu Kule-Tarsus of Tudhaliya II/III 86 Taş çı reliefs 166–68, 167 of Tudhaliya IV 204 Taurus mountains 47–48, 164, 176, 182, 209, 281 of viceroy Sahurunuwa 224 Tawananna seal, anonymous 90 of viceroys of Carchemish 216 Tawiniya 110, 113 of Yamhad 214 tax seal house 78, 84–85, 90 BĒL MADGALTI’s remit 85 seal matrice 201, 203 collection 103, 116–17, 215, 290–91, 296, 299 Seri and Hurri (bulls of the Stormgod) 79, 107 evasion 29, 116 Shalmaneser I 181–82, 190 exemption 77, 221 silo extraction 292 Çadır Höyük 94 paid in metal 290–91 Hattusa 71, 78, 99, 104, 116, 268 revenue 7, 81, 85, 101, 295 Kaman-Kalehöyük 94, 104 Telipinu Kuş aklı-Sarissa 89, 104, 117 god 103, 111–12 Norsuntepȩ 185 king 76, 130, 209 of Hittite imperial centres 101 son of Suppiluliuma I 294 Oymaagaç̆ Höyük 138 Telipinu Proclamation 37, 39, 50, 63, 84, 116 Sinop 135, 137, 140–41, 145 Tell Ahmar See Til Barsip-Tell Ahmar

INDEX 371

Tell Atchana-Alalakh 36, 54, 157, 177, 214–15, 278 Ugarit See Ras Shamra-Ugarit Tell Bazi 186–89 Ulmi-Tesub treaty 164, 212 Tell Bi’a-Tuttul 180–81, 188–89 Upper Land Tell Chuera 190, 192 capital Samuha 90 Tell Fray 187–88, 190, 222 eastern perimeter 87 Tell Munbaqa-Ekalte 180, 186–87, 222 extension of Land of Hatti 49 Tell Sabi Abyad 190, 192, 234 Hattusili (III) 86 Tell Ta’yinat 278, 285 Hittite border strategies 92, 132 Tepecik 184–85, 212, 261, 278 Hittite sovereignty 91 Testament of Hattusili I 50 landscapes 92, 140 Til Barsip-Tell Ahmar 188, 285 regional centres 138 Tiliura Decree 133, 297 seal houses and storehouses 84 Tille Höyük 185, 212 spatial re-organisation 83 trader See merchant Urhi-Tesub/Mursili III 40, 170, 294 treaty Hattusa and Amurru 218 viceregal seat Hattusili III and Ramses II 37, 40 Aleppo 39 Hittite state and Kaska 133, 141, 143 Carchemish 186, 206, 216, 221 Mursili II and Sarri-Kusuh 294 Tarhuntassa 40 Muwatalli and Alaksandu of Wilusa 40, 162 Suppiluliuma and Sattiwaza 179–80 Westbau archive, Niş antepe 76, 159, 203–4, 209, Suppiluliuma II and Alasiya 40 216, 218 Tudhaliya IV and Kurunta of Tarhuntassa 35, 96, Wilusa 40, 162, 208 170, 206, 294–95 wine 85, 115, 225, 290 Tudhaliya IV and Sausgamuwa 182 workshop Ulmi-Tesub 164, 212 centrally-controlled 291 vassal 39, 143, 204, 213, 215, 218 installations 241 Troy 40, 57, 136, 208, 262, 292 metal 271, 272, 291 Tudhaliya I/II 90, 142 monument 174 Tudhaliya II/III 86, 90 pottery 234, 237, 266, 270 Tudhaliya IV state-owned 291 Bronze Tablet 35, 96, 120, 170, 206, 294–95 cult reforms 113, 295 Yalburt pool complex 40, 112, 168, 169, 170, 173, landscape monuments 40, 96, 156, 169, 281, 294–300 281, 286 letter to Tukulti-Ninurta 181–82 Yalburt survey 169 letter to Ugarit 205 Yamhad kingdom 177–78, 214 loyalty oaths 296 Yassıhöyük 94, 96 Milawatta letter 208 Yassıhöyük-Gordion 208, 244, 245, 255–56, prayer 182 276 Sausgamuwa of Amurru 182, 218 Yazılıkaya 76, 157, 163, 168, 252 seal of 204 Yörüklü-Hüseyindede Tepesi 79, 80, 81–82, 93, stele of a warrior 156 106–7, 106–7 Yalburt pool complex 40, 168, 169, 170, 173, 281 Yazılıkaya 157, 163, 168 Zababa 110, 130 Tukulti-Ninurta I 85, 181–82, 291 Zalp(uw)a 61, 129–31 Tumana 86, 135, 168, 294 Zippalanda 111, 111, 113 Tunip 177, 213 Zu-Ba‘la, diviner of Emar 221, 224–26