cuimhneacháin dhomhnach cásca 2016 Cuimhneacháin Dhomhnach Cásca 2016 Easter Sunday Commemoration 2016 27.03.16 easter sunday commemoration 2016
I write it out in a verse — MacDonagh and MacBride And Connolly and Pearse Now and in time to be, Wherever green is worn, Are changed, changed utterly: A terrible beauty is born.
w.b. yeats, easter 1916
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Running Order
11.40 a.m. Arrival of Minister for Defence (Military Honours)
11.45 a.m. Arrival of Lord Mayor (Military Honours)
11.49 a.m. Arrival of Taoiseach (Taoiseach’s Salute)
Taoiseach’s Salute
11.52 a.m. Arrival of President
Inspection of Presidential Guard of Honour
President joins Taoiseach in front of GPO
12.00 p.m. Lowering of National Flag
Head Chaplain, Defence Forces reads Prayer of Remembrance
Children lay flowers as Piper plays lament
Military Band plays Danny Boy
Army Officer reads Proclamation
Military Band plays Mise Éire
Taoiseach invites President to lay a wreath
President lays wreath
Minute’s Silence observed for all those who died
Last Post
National Flag on top of the GPO is raised to full mast
Reveille
National Anthem with Flypast by the Air Corps
12.35 p.m. President and Taoiseach are escorted to their seats
Parade on O’Connell Street
2.00 p.m. Parade concludes / President departs
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Ord na Nimeachtaí
Arrival of Minister for Defence (Military Honours) 11.40 a.m. Teacht i Láthair an Aire Cosanta (Onóracha Míleata)
Arrival of Lord Mayor (Military Honours) 11.45 a.m. Teacht i Láthair an Ard-Mhéara (Onóracha Míleata)
Arrival of Taoiseach (Taoiseach’s Salute) 11.49 a.m. Teacht i Láthair an Taoisigh (Cúiretéis an Taoisigh)
Taoiseach’s Salute Cúirtéis an Taoisigh
Arrival of President 11.52 a.m. Teacht i Láthair an Uachtaráin
Inspection of Presidential Guard of Honour Iniúchadh ar Gharda Oinigh an Uachtaráin
President joins Taoiseach in front of GPO An tUachtarán in éineacht leis an Taoiseach os comhair Ard-Oifig an Phoist
Lowering of National Flag 12.00 p.m. Ísleofar an Bhratach Náisiúnta
Head Chaplain, Defence Forces reads Prayer of Remembrance Léifidh Ard Séiplíneach, Oglaigh na hÉireann, Paidir Chuimhneacháin
Children lay flowers as Piper plays lament Leagfaidh páistí bláthanna agus píobaire ag seinm caointe
Military Band plays Danny Boy Casfaidh an Banna Míleata Danny Boy
Army Officer reads Proclamation Léifidh Oifigeach de chuid an Arm an Forógra
Military Band plays Mise Éire Casfaidh an Banna Míleata Mise Éire
Taoiseach invites President to lay a wreath Iarrfaidh an Taoiseach ar an Uachtarán fleasc a leagan
President lays wreath Leagfaidh an tUachtarán fleasc
Minute’s Silence observed for all those who died Nóiméad Ciúnais do gach duine a fuair bás
Last Post An Ghairm Dheiridh
National Flag on top of the GPO is raised to full mast Ardófar an Bhratach Náisiúnta ar bharr Ard-Oifig an Phoist go barr crainn
Reveille Reveille
National Anthem with Flypast by the Air Corps An tAmhrán Náisiúnta agus Tareitilt ag an Aerchór
President and Taoiseach are escorted to their seats 12.35 p.m. Tabharfar tionlacan don Uachtarán agus don Taoiseach go dtí a suíocháin
Parade on O’Connell Street Paráid ar Shráid Uí Chonaill
Parade concludes / President departs 2.00 p.m. Críochnóidh an pharáid / Fágfaidh an tUachtarán
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Centenary Prayer Of Remembrance Paidir Chuimhneacháin Cothrom Céad Bliain
Father Seamus Madigan An tAthair Seamus O’ Madagáin Head Chaplain, Ard Séiplínigh, Defence Forces, Ireland. Óglaigh na hÉireann.
In ainm an Athar agus an Mhic agus In ainm an Athar agus an Mhic agus an Spioraid Naoimh. Amen. an Spioraid Naoimh. Amen.
God, Most Merciful and Kind, on this Easter A Dhia Mhór na Trócaire, an Domhnach day of new beginnings we remember the Cásca seo cuimhnímis ar fhir, ar mhná agus men, the women and the children of 1916 ar leanaí 1916 a raibh aislingí móra acu ach whose short lives and big dreams extended saol gearr agus a shliocht orainne anois. the horizons of our hopes. In your mercy the Go ndéana Dia trócaire ar a n-anamacha. faithful departed find rest. Look kindly we Guímis dóibhsean ar fad a bhásaigh le linn pray, on all who lost their lives during 1916 1916 agus le linn stair thrioblóideach an and throughout the troubled journey of our oileáin. island’s history. Solas na bhFiatheas go n-anamacha Solas na bhFiatheas go n-anamacha Ar dheis Dé go raibh a n-anam Ar dheis Dé go raibh a n-anam. Agus muid ag smaoineamh ar an am atá As we reflect on our past we thank you for all caite gabhaimid buíochas leat as muintir the courageous people of Ireland who dared cróga na hÉireann a raibh súil acu saol níos to hope and dream of a brighter tomorrow fearr a bhaint amach dár dtír agus dá cuid for our country and all of its citizens. Blessed saoránach ar fad. Is beannaithe iadsan ar are all those who sought to build a more fad a cheap sochaí níos uile-chuimsithí agus inclusive and just society, for they are truly níos córa a bhaint amach, mar is iadsan the chosen of God. tuath Dé.
Look kindly we pray, on the people Guímis ar son mhuintir na hÉireann, ó gach of Ireland, from all traditions, at home traidisiún, sa bhaile agus thar lear. and abroad. Cuidigh linn éisteacht leis na glórtha a Help us listen and respond to the voices thugann dúshlán sa bhliain 2016 agus that challenge in 2016 as we reimagine our freagairt dóibh agus muid ag athshamhlú future. Conscious of our troubled past, ‘To na todhchaí. Agus tuiscint againn ar you O God, we sing a new song;’ a song of an am trioblóideach atá caite, ‘Duitse a compassion, inclusion and engagement, a Dhia, canaimis amhrán nua’; amhrán na song of listening, social justice and respect trócaire, na huilechuimsitheachta agus na rannpháirtíochta, amhrán na tuisceana, ar mhaithe le ceart sóisialta agus meas ar
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for all, a song of unity, diversity, equality chách, amhrán an aontais, na héagsúlachta, and peace, a song of Céad Mile Fáilte and of an chomhionannais agus na síochána, care for our environment. With you O Lord, amhrán an Chéad Míle Fáilte agus cúram don we long to sing our new song in a spirit of timpeallacht. I do theannta a Dhia, canaimis true freedom. amhrán nua i spiorad na saoirse.
Loving God, You know my frail heart and my A Dhia Ghrámhar, tá eolas agat ar mo chroí frayed history and now another day begins. leochaileach agus ar an stair chráite ach Give us courage to step onto new ground, cuirtear tús le ré nua. Tabhair an misneach eyes young again with energy and dreams. dúinn seasamh ar thalamh nua, muid a bheith Help us to believe in beginnings, to listen to óg le fuinneamh agus aislingí. Cuidigh linn the voices that challenge and to sing a new misneach a bheith againn sa rud atá nua, chun song for Ireland. éisteacht leis na glórtha a thugann dúshlán agus amhrán nua a chanadh d’Éirinn. Together, on this island, we have achieved a new peace. We cherish that peace, as we In éineacht ar an oileán seo, tá síocháin de cherish all of the children of this island chineál eile bainte amach againn. Is mór equally. We pray for all those who have againn an tsíocháin sin agus is mór againn suffered in the Troubles of the past century, leanaí an oileáin seo ar fad. Guímis dóibhsean and we hope for peace and reconciliation in ar fad a d’fhulaing le linn na dTrioblóidí the century that stretches before us. le céad bliain anuas agus táimid ag dúil le síocháin agus athmhuintearas sa sa chéad Do gach duine ata ballaithe anseo ar an la atá romhainn. specialta seo agus i ngach ait in hEireann, go mbeadh sonas, slainte agus siochain againn. Do gach duine ata ballaithe anseo ar an la specialta seo agus i ngach ait in hEireann, go Moladh go deo le Dia mbeadh sonas, slainte agus siochain againn. Praise God forever! Moladh go deo le Dia The Head Chaplain now invites children from Praise God forever! each of the four provinces of Ireland to lay flowers on the historic ground as a symbol of our Tabharfaidh an tArd-Shéiplíneach cuireadh ansin unshakeable resolve to live together on this island do leanaí ó gach cúige in Éirinn bláthanna a leagan in peace and harmony. ar an talamh stairiúil seo mar shiombail ar an rún daingean maireachtáil le chéile ar an oileán faoi shíocháin agus faoi shó.
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The Parade An Pharáid
The 100th anniversary parade consists Beidh dhá ghné ar leithligh i bparáid of two distinct elements: the Defence Forces comórtha 100 bliain: Óglaigh na hÉireann – Óglaigh na hÉireann – and representatives agus ionadaithe ón nGarda Síochána, ó of An Garda Siochana, Dublin Fire Brigade, Bhriogáid Dóiteáin Bhaile Átha Cliath, ó the Irish Prison Service, Customs, Sheirbhís Príosún na hÉireann, ón tSeirbhís the National Ambulance Service, St John Náisiúnta Otharcharranna, Custaim, Ambulance Service, the Irish Red Cross, ó Otharsheirbhís Naomh Eoin, Crois the Irish Coast Guard, the Royal National Dhearg na hÉireann, ó Ghardaí Cósta na Lifeboat Institution, Civil Defence, the Irish hÉireann, ó Institiúid Náisiúnta Ríoga na United Nations Veterans Association and the mBád Tarrthála, ón gCosaint Shibhialta, ó Organisation of Ex Service Men and Women, Chumann Sheansaighdiúirí Éireannacha na who will join the parade at various stages. Náisiún Aontaithe agus ó Óglaigh Náisiúnta In total some 3,500 personnel are na hÉireann, a rachaidh isteach sa pharáid participating along with some 70 vehicles, ag céimeanna éagsúla. to showcase capability, across all the Beidh is 3,500 duine go léir participating organizations. rannpháirteach, chomh maith le 70 feithicil The parade will commence at St Stephen’s de chuid na n-eagraíochtaí go léir a bheidh Green South. A flag party will join the start ann, chun a gcumas a léiriú. of the parade from the Royal College of Tosóidh an pharáid ag Faiche Stiabhna Surgeons, a 1916 action site. The parade will Theas. Rachaidh meitheal brataí isteach ag then proceed via Cuffe Street, Kevin Street, tús na paráide ó Choláiste Ríoga na Máinleá, Patrick Street, Thomas Street, Lord Edward láithreán catha i 1916. Rachaidh an pharáid Street - pausing at Dublin Castle to meet ar aghaidh ansin trí Shráid Cuffe, Sráid the National Colours (Flag) along with 20 Chaoimhín, Sráid Phádraig, Sráid Thomáis, Garrison/action site flags - proceeding down Sráid an Tiarna Éadbhard - agus stopfaidh ar Dame Street, Westmorland Street, past the feadh píosa ag Caisleán Bhaile Átha Cliath GPO on O’Connell Street, to Parnell Square chun bualadh leis na Dathanna Náisiúnta East, North Frederick Street, Dorset Street (Bratach) chomh maith le 20 bratach Upper and finishing at the junction of Bolton Garastúin/láithreán gnímh - rachaidh síos Street/Capel Street. Sráid an Dáma, Sráid Westmoreland, thar The parade consists of eight Serials Ard-Oifig an Phoist ar Shráid Uí Chonaill go (marching elements), a massed Air Corps dtí Cearnóg Parnell Thoir, Sráid Fhreidric fleet flypast and a 21-gun salute from the 2nd Thuaidh, Sráid Dorset Uachtarach agus Artillery Regiment (from the Royal Hospital críochnóidh ag acomhal Shráid Bolton/ Kilmainham). Shráid Chéipil. Beidh an pharáid comhdhéanta de d’ocht Srathach (feadhna máirseála), tareitilt mhór ó fhlít an Aerchóir agus Cúirtéis 21-gun ón 2 Reisimint Airtléire (ó Ospidéal
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Order of Serials Ord Srathach
serial 1: a Military Band, various flags srathach 1: Banna Míleata, bratacha (including the National Colours), the Parade éagsúla (á lena n-áirítear na Dathanna Commander (GOC 2 Brigade), the Veterans Náisiúnta), Ceannasaí na Paráide (GOC 2 Organisations and five riders from the Briogáid), Cumainn na Seansaighdiúirí agus Equitation School. cúig marcach ón Scoil Eachaíochta. serial 2: comprised of troops and a srathach 2: comhdhéanta de thrúpaí agus variety of vehicles and towed equipment, feithiclí agus trealamh tarraingthe, ó Dhún from Cathal Brugha Barracks. Chathail Bhrugha. serial 3: comprised of troops and a srathach 3: comhdhéanta de thrúpaí agus variety of vehicles and towed equipment, feithiclí agus trealamh tarraingthe, ó Dhún Uí from Collin Barracks, Cork. Choileáin, Corcaigh. serial 4: comprised of troops and a srathach 4: comhdhéanta de thrúpaí agus variety of vehicles and towed equipment, feithiclí agus trealamh tarraingthe, ó Airmheán from the Defence Forces Training Centre, in Traenála Óglaigh na hÉireann, Campa an the Curragh Camp, Co Kildare. Churraigh, Cill Dara. serial 5: comprised of troops and a srathach 5: comhdhéanta de thrúpaí agus variety of vehicles and towed equipment, feithiclí agus trealamh tarraingthe, ó ghnéithe drawn from throughout the Defence Forces. éagsúla d’Óglaigh na hÉireann. Tabharfaidh This Serial will showcase the Defence Forces an srathach seo léiriú ar sheirbhís Óglaigh na overseas service through the decades and hÉireann thar lear i gcaitheamh na mblianta will feature the 3rd Infantry Battalion, who agus mar chuid de beidh an 3ú Cathlán will depart for overseas operational service Coisithe, a imeoidh ar sheirbhís oibríocht thar with UNIFIL in South Lebanon in early May lear le UNIFIL i nDeisceart na Liobáine go luath 2016. i mí Bealtaine 2016. serial 6: comprised of sailors and srathach 6: comhdhéanta de mhairnéalaigh airmen/women, from Haulbowline and agus eitleoirí, ó Inis Sionnach agus Baile Baldonnel respectively. Dhónaill, faoi seach. serial 7: comprised of personnel, srathach 7: comhdhéanta de phearsanra, vehicles and towed equipment drawn from feithiclí agus trealamh tarraingthe, ón An Garda Siochana, Dublin Fire Brigade, the nGarda Siochana, ó Bhriogáid Dóiteáin Irish Prison Service, Customs, the National Bhaile Átha Cliath, ó Sheirbhís Príosún na Ambulance Service, St John Ambulance hÉireann, Custaim, ón tSeirbhís Náisiúnta Service, the Irish Red Cross, the Irish Otharcharranna, ó Otharsheirbhís Naomh Eoin, Coast Guard, the Royal National Lifeboat Crois Dhearg na hÉireann, ó Ghardaí Cósta na Institution and Civil Defence. hÉireann, ó Institiúid Náisiúnta Ríoga na mBád Tarrthála agus ón gCosaint Shibhialta. serial 8: comprised of Defence Forces massed Bands, drawn from throughout the Srathach 8: comhdhéanta d’Ollbannaí Defence Forces. Óglaigh na hÉireann, ó ghnéithe éagsúla Óglaigh na hÉireann.
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The Executed Leaders of the 1916 Rising Na Ceannairí a Cuireadh Chun Báis tar éis Éirí Amach 1916
The Seven Signatories An Seachtar a Shínigh
éamonn ceannt éamonn ceannt Born in Galway in 1881, prior to the Rising I nGaillimh a rugadh Éamonn Ceannt in 1881. Ceannt was an employee of the Dublin Roimh an Éirí Amach bhí sé fostaithe ag Corporation. He was a co-founder of the Bardas Bhaile Átha Cliath. Bhí sé ar dhuine de Irish Volunteers, partaking in the successful bhunaitheoirí na nÓglach agus bhí sé ar dhuine Howth gun-running operation of 1914. His den dream a thug na gunnaí isteach i mBinn involvement in republican activities was Éadair in 1914. Chomh maith le bheith páirteach complemented by his interest in Irish culture, i ngníomhaíochtaí poblachtánacha bhí spéis specifically Irish language and history, aige freisin i gcultúr na hÉireann, go háirithe an although he was also an accomplished uileann Ghaeilge agus stair na hÉireann. Bhí sé ábalta piper. As the commander of the Fourth freisin ar na píopaí uilleann. Ba é an ceannfort é Battalion of Irish Volunteers during the Rising, ar Cheathrú Cathlán na nÓglach le linn an Éirí he took possession of the South Dublin Union, Amach, ghabh sé an South Dublin Union, an áit a precursor to the modern-day St. James’s bhfuil Ospidéal Naomh Séamas anois. Cuireadh Hospital. He was executed on 8 May 1916. chun báis é 8 Bealtaine 1916. thomas james clarke tomás ó cléirigh Born on the Isle of Wight in 1857, Clarke’s Ar Oileán Íocht in 1857 a rugadh Tomás Ó father was a soldier in the British army. During Cléirigh agus bhí a athair in arm Shasana. Le his time in America as a young man, he joined linn dó a bheith i Meiriceá agus é óg, chuaigh sé Clann na nGael, later enduring fifteen years isteach i gClann na nGael, agus gearradh cúig of penal servitude for his role in a bombing bliana déag de dhaorphionós air de bharr an campaign in London, 1883-1898. In 1907, bhaint a bhí aige le feachtas buamála i Londain, having returned from a second sojourn in 1883-1898. In 1907, tar éis dó filleadh go hÉirinn America, his links with Clan na nGael in tar éis an dara tréimhse i Meiriceá, bhí tábhacht America copper-fastened his importance níos mó fós lena cheangal le Clann na nGael ó to the revolutionary movement in Ireland. thaobh ghluaiseacht na poblachta sa tír seo. Bhí He held the post of Treasurer to the Irish sé ina Chisteoir ag Bráithreachas na Poblachta Republican Brotherhood, and was a member agus bhí ar an Ard Chomhairle acu ó 1915. Bhí of the Supreme Council from 1915. The first an Cléireach ar an mbuíon a thóg Ard-Oifig an signatory of the Proclamation of Independence Phoist agus ba é a ainm, an chéad ainm a bhí ar in deference to his seniority, Clarke was with Fhorógra na Saoirse in omós dá aois. Cuireadh the group that occupied the G. P. O. He was chun báis é 3 Bealtaine 1916. executed on 3 May 1916.
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james connolly séamas óconghaile Born in Edinburgh in 1868, Connolly was I nDún Éideann a rugadh Ó Conghaile in 1868 first introduced to Ireland as a member agus tháinig sé go hÉirinn ar dtús agus é in Arm of the British Army. Despite his returning Shasana. Ainneoin go ndeachaigh sé ar ais go to Scotland, the strong Irish presence in hAlbain bhí an oiread de mhuintir na hÉireann Edinburgh stimulated Connolly’s growing in Dún Éideann gur mhúscail sin an spéis a bhí Ó interest in Irish politics in the mid 1890s, Conghaile ag cur i bpolaitíocht na hÉireann i lár leading to his emigration to Dublin in na 1890idí. D’fhill sé ar Bhaile Átha Cliath in 1896 1896 where he founded the Irish Socialist agus bhunaigh Páirtí Poblachtánach Sóisialach na Republican Party. He spent much of the first hÉireann. Chaith sé an chuid ba mhó de na deich decade of the twentieth century in America. mbliana ag tús an fichiú aois i Meiriceá. Tháinig He returned to Ireland to campaign for sé ar ais go hÉirinn le hoibriú ar mhaithe le cearta workers’ rights with James Larkin. A firm na n-oibrithe in éineacht le James Larkin. Chreid believer in the perils of sectarian division, Ó Conghaile go láidir gur bhain contúirtí móra Connolly campaigned tirelessly against le seicteachas agus d’oibrigh sé go dúthrachtach religious bigotry. In 1913, Connolly was one in aghaidh fuath creidimh. In 1913 bhí Ó of the founders of the Irish Citizen Army. Conghaile ar dhuine de bhunaitheoirí An Arm During the Easter Rising he was appointed Cathartha. Le linn Éirí Amach na Cásca ceapadh Commandant-General of the Dublin mar Cheannfort Ginearálta é ar fhórsaí Bhaile forces, leading the group that occupied the Átha Cliath agus bhí sé i gceannas ar an ngrúpa General Post Office. Unable to stand during a thóg Ard Oifig an Phoist. Ní raibh sé in ann his execution due to wounds received at seasamh nuair a bhíothas á chur chun báis mar the Rising, Connolly was executed sitting gur goineadh é le linn an Éirí Amach, b’éigean down, on 12 May 1916. He was the last of the é a chaitheamh agus é ina shuí, an 12 Bealtaine leaders to be executed. 1916. Ba é an duine deireanach de na ceannairí a cuireadh chun báis. seán macdiarmada seán mac diarmada Born in 1884 in Leitrim, MacDiarmada emigrated to Glasgow in 1900, and from there I Liatroim a rugadh Seán Mac Diarmada agus to Belfast in 1902. A member of the Gaelic d’imigh sé go Glaschú in 1990 agus tháinig go League, he was acquainted with Bulmer Béal Feirste in 1902. Bhí sé i gConradh na Gaeilge Hobson. He joined the Irish Republican agus bhí aithne aige ar Bulmer Hobson. Chuaigh Brotherhood in 1906 while still in Belfast, sé isteach i mBráithreachas na Poblachta in 1906 later transferring to Dublin in 1908 where he agus é i mBéal Feirste agus d’athraigh sé go Baile assumed managerial responsibility for the Átha Cliath in 1908, áit ar ghlac sé freagracht ó I. R. B. newspaper Irish Freedom in 1910. thaobh bainistíochta ar nuachtán an IRB Irish Although MacDiarmada was afflicted with Freedom in 1910. Cé go raibh póilió ag dul do
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polio in 1912, he was appointed a member Mhac Diarmada in 1912 ceapadh é ina chomhalta of the provisional committee of the Irish ar choiste sealadach Óglaigh na hÉireann ó Volunteers from 1913, and was subsequently 1913, agus tugadh isteach é ina dhiaidh sin ar drafted onto the military committee of the I. choiste míleata an IRB é in 1915. Le linn an Éirí R. B. in 1915. During the Rising MacDiarmada Amach bhí Mac Diarmada in Ard Oifig an Phoist. served in the G. P. O. He was executed on 12 Cuireadh chun báis é 12 Bealtaine 1916. May 1916. tomás mac donnchadha thomas macdonagh Ba as Tiobraid Árann ó dhúchas é Mac A native of Tipperary, born in 1878, Donnchadha, in 1878 a rugadh é agus chaith sé MacDonagh spent the early part of his career an chéad chuid dá shaol ag múineadh scoile. as a teacher. He moved to Dublin to study, D’athraigh sé go Baile Átha Cliath le staidéar and was the first teacher on the staff at St. a dhéanamh agus ba é an chéad mhúinteoir é Enda’s, the school he helped to found with ar fhoireann Scoil Éanna, an scoil ar thug sé Patrick Pearse. MacDonagh was well versed cúnamh lena bunú in éineacht le Pádraig Mac in literature, his enthusiasm and erudition Piarais. Bhí eolas maith ag Mac Donnchadha ar earning him a position in the English an litríocht, agus bhain a chuid dúthrachta agus department at University College Dublin. His léinn áit amach dó i roinn an Bhéarla i gColáiste play When the Dawn is Come was produced at na hOllscoile i mBaile Átha Cliath. Léiríodh an the Abbey theatre. He was appointed director dráma a scríobh sé When the Dawn is Come in of training for the Irish Volunteers in 1914, Amharclann na Mainistreach. Ceapadh é ina later joining the I. R. B. MacDonagh was stiúrthóir traenála ar Óglaigh na hÉireann in appointed to the I. R. B. military committee 1914, agus chuaigh sé isteach san IRB ina dhiaidh in 1916. He was commander of the Second sin. Ceapadh Mac Donnchadha ar choiste míleata Battalion of Volunteers that occupied Jacob’s an IRB in 1916. Bhí sé ina cheannasaí ar Dhara biscuit factory and surrounding houses during Cathlán na nÓglach a thóg seilbh ar mhonarcha the Rising. He was executed on 3 May 1916. brioscaí Jacob agus na tithe thart san áit sin le linn an Éirí Amach. Cuireadh chun báis é patrick pearse 3 Bealtaine 1916. Pearse was born in Dublin in 1879, becoming interested in Irish cultural matters in his pádraig mac piarais teenage years. In 1898 Pearse became a I mBaile Átha Cliath a rugadh an Piarsach in member of the Executive Commmittee of 1879 agus thosaigh sé ag cur suime i gcúrsaí the Gaelic League. He graduated from the cultúir na hÉireann agus é ina dhéagóir. In 1898 Royal University in 1901 with a degree in rinneadh comhalta den Phiarsach ar Choiste Arts and Law. Pearse’s literary output was Feidhmiúcháin Chonradh na Gaeilge. Bhain sé constant, and he published extensively in céim amach san Ollscoil Ríoga in 1901, céim Dán
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both Irish and English, becoming the editor agus Dlí. Bhí an Piarsach ag scríobh seasta agus of An Claidheamh Soluis, the newspaper of d’fhoilsigh sé go forleathan i nGaeilge agus i the Gaelic League. He was a keen believer in mBéarla. Rinneadh eagarthóir de ar pháipéar the value of education, and established two Chonradh na Gaeilge An Claidheamh Soluis. schools, Coláiste Éanna and Coláiste Íde, Chreid sé go láidir san oideachas agus bhunaigh devoted to the education of Irish children sé dhá scoil, Coláiste Éanna agus Coláiste Íde, a through the Irish language. One of the bhí dírithe ar oideachas trí Ghaeilge do pháistí founder members of the Irish Volunteers, na hÉireann. Bhí an Piarsach ar bhunaitheoirí Pearse was in the G. P. O. during the Rising, na nÓglach, agus bhí sé in Ard–Oifig an Phoist and was Commander in Chief of the Irish le linn an Éirí Amach. Ba é Príomh-Cheannfort forces. He was executed on 3 May 1916. fhórsaí na hÉireann é. Cuireadh chun báis é 3 Bealtaine 1916. joseph mary plunkett Born 1887 in Dublin, son of a papal count, joseph mary plunkett Plunkett was initially educated in England, I mBaile Átha Cliath a rugadh Joseph Mary though he returned to Ireland and graduated Plunkett in 1887. Fuair sé a chuid oideachais from U. C. D. in 1909. After his graduation ar dtús i Sasana ach d’fhill sé ar Éirinn agus Plunkett spent two years travelling due bhain céim amach in UCD in 1909. Tar éis to ill health, returning to Dublin in 1911. dó an chéim a bhaint amach chaith sé dhá Plunkett shared MacDonagh’s enthusiasm bhliain ag taisteal mar bhí sé i ndrochshláinte for literature and was an editor of the agus tháinig ar ais go Baile Átha Cliath Irish Review. Along with MacDonagh and in 1911. Fearacht Mhac Donnchadha bhí Edward Martyn, he helped to establish an suim ag Plunkett sa litríocht agus bhí sé ina Irish national theatre. He joined the Irish eagarthóir ar an Irish Review. I gcomhar le Mac Volunteers in 1913, subsequently gaining Donnchadha agus Edward Martyn chuidigh membership of the I.R.B. in 1914. Plunkett sé le hamharclann náisiúnta na hÉireann a travelled to Germany to meet Roger Casement bhunú. Chuaigh sé isteach sna hÓglaigh in in 1915. During the planning of the Rising, 1913 agus ina dhiaidh glacadh leis isteach san Plunkett was appointed Director of Military I.R.B. Chuaigh Plunkett go dtí an Ghearmáin le Operations, with overall responsibility for casadh le Ruairí Mac Easmainn in 1915. Le linn military strategy. Plunkett was one of those don Éirí Amach a bheith á phleanáil ceapadh stationed in the G. P. O. during the Rising. He Plunkett ina Stiúrthóir ar Oibríochtaí Míleata married Grace Gifford while in Kilmainham agus freagracht fhoriomlán air as straitéis Gaol following the surrender and was mhíleata. Bhí Plunkett ar dhuine de na daoine executed on 4 May 1916. a bhí lonnaithe in Ard Oifig an Phoist le linn an Éirí Amach. Phós sé Grace Gifford agus é i bPríosún Chill Mhaighneann nuair a ghéill lucht an Éirí Amach. Cuireadh chun báis é 4 Bealtaine 1916.
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Other Executed Leaders Ceannairí eile a Cuireadh Chun Báis
roger casement ruairí mac easmainn Born in 1864 in Dublin, Casement was I mBaile Átha Cliath a rugadh Ruairí Mac knighted for his services to the British Easmainn in 1864 agus bronnadh teideal air consular service. He campaigned tirelessly de bharr a chuid seirbhísí do chonsalacht na to expose the cruelty inflicted on native Breataine. D’oibrigh sé gan staonadh chun workers in the Belgian Congo in 1904, and aird a tharraingt ar an drochíde a bhíothas a again in Brazil from 1911-1912, causing an dhéanamh ar oibrithe dúchasach i gCongó international sensation with his reportage. na Beilge in 1904 agus arís sa Bhraisíl ó Casement had become a member of the Gaelic 1911-1912 agus bhain sé siar as an bpobal League in 1904, beginning at that time to write go hidirnáisiúnta de bharr a chuid tuairiscí. nationalist articles under the pseudonym Bhí Mac Easmainn i gConradh na Gaeilge ‘Sean Bhean Bhocht’. He retired from the in 1904 agus thosaigh sé an uair sin ag British consular service in 1913, after which scríobh altanna náisiúnta faoin ainm cleite he joined the Irish Volunteers. Casement was ‘Sean Bhean Bhocht’. D’éirigh sé as seirbhís despatched to Germany on account of his consalachta na Breataine in 1913 agus chuaigh experience to raise an Irish Brigade from Irish sé ansin isteach sna hÓglaigh. Cuireadh Mac prisoners of war. He was captured in Kerry Easmainn chun na Gearmáine de bharr an in 1916 on Good Friday having returned to méid taithí a bhí aige le go gcuirfeadh sé le Ireland in a German U-Boat. Casement was chéile Cathlán Éireannach as príosúnaigh imprisoned in Pentonville Gaol in London, cogaidh. Gabhadh é i gCiarraí Aoine an where he was tried on charges of High Chéasta 1916 tar éis dó theacht i dtír in Éirinn Treason. He was hanged on 3 August 1916, de U-Bhád de chuid na Gearmáine. Cuireadh the only leader of the Rising to be executed sa phríosún é i bPentonville i Londain agus outside of Ireland. In 1965, his remains were cuireadh Ard-Tréas ina leith. Crochadh é an 3 reinterred in Glasnevin Cemetary, following a Lúnasa 1916, an t-aon cheannaire a bhain leis State funeral. an Éirí Amach a cuireadh chun báis lasmuigh d’Éirinn. In 1965, adhlacadh i nGlas Naíon é con colbert tar éis Socraid Stáit. Born in 1888, Colbert was a native of Limerick. Prior to the Easter Rising he had been an con colbert active member of the republican movement, I Luimneach a rugadh Colbert in 1888. joining both Fianna Éireann and the Irish Roimh an Éirí Amach bhí sé gníomhach Volunteers. A dedicated pioneer, Colbert was i ngluaiseacht na poblachta, bhí sé i known not to drink or smoke. As the captain bhFianna Éireann agus sna hÓglaigh. Níor of F Company of the Fourth Battalion, Colbert chaith sé agus níor ól sé. Ba é an captaen ar was in command at the Marrowbone Lane Chomhplacht F an Ceathrú Cathlán agus distillery when it was surrendered on Sunday, ba é a bhí i gceannas ag drioglann Lána 30 April 1916. His execution took place on 8 Marrowbone nuair a ghéill siad an Domhnach May 1916. 30 Aibreán 1916. Cuireadh chun báis é 8 Bealtaine 1916.
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edward daly edward daly Born in Limerick in 1891, Daly’s family had a I Luimneach in 1891 a rugadh é agus bhí baint history of republican activity; his uncle John ag a mhuintir roimhe le poblachtánachas; bhí Daly had taken part in the rebellion of 1867. a uncail John Daly páirteach in Éirí Amach Edward Daly led the First Battalion during 1867. Ba é Edward Daly a bhí i gceannas the Rising, which raided the Bridewell and an Chéad Chathláin le linn an Éirí Amach, Linenhall Barracks and seized control of the d’ionsaigh siad an Bridewell agus Beairic Four Courts. A close friend of Tom Clarke, Linenhall agus thóg sé na Ceithre Chúirt their ties were made even stronger by the ina dhiaidh sin. Bhí sé an-mhór le Tomás Ó marriage of Clarke to Daly’s sister. Daly was Cléririgh agus neartaigh an cairdeas tuilleadh executed on 4 May 1916. nuair a phós an Cléireach deirfiúr Edward Daly. Cuireadh Edward Daly chun báis seán heuston 4 Bealtaine 1916. Born in 1891, he was responsible for the organisation of Fianna Éireann in Limerick. seán heuston Along with Con Colbert, Heuston was In 1891 a rugadh é agus is air a bhí eagrú involved in the education of the schoolboys Fhianna Éireann i Luimneach. Bhí Heuston at Scoil Éanna, organising drill and musketry i dteannta Con Colbert páirteach in exercises. A section of the First Battalion oideachas na mbuachaillí i Scoil Éanna agus of the Volunteers, under the leadership of d’eagraigh siad druileáil agus cleachtadh Heuston, occupied the Mendicity Institute on le muscaedaíocht. Thóg cuid den Chéad the south bank of the Liffey, holding out there Chathlán faoi cheannas Heuston an Medicity for two days. He was executed on 8 May 1916. Institute ar an taobh ó dheas den Life agus Heuston Railway station in Dublin is named sheas siad an fód ansin go ceann dhá lá. after him. Cuireadh chun báis é an 6 Bealtaine 1916. Is ina dhiaidh atá stáisiún Heuston i mBaile Átha Cliath ainmnithe.
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thomas kent thomas kent Born in 1865, Kent was arrested at his home In 1865 a rugadh Kent. Gabhadh é ag a theach in Castlelyons, Co. Cork following a raid by ag Caisleán Ó Liatháin, Co. Chorcaí nuair a the Royal Irish Constabulary on 2 May 1916, thug an Constáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann faoin during which his brother Richard was fatally áit an 2 Bealtaine 1916. Maraíodh a dheartháir wounded. It had been his intention to travel to Richard le linn an ruathair. Bhí sé i gceist aige Dublin to participate in the Rising, but when dul go Baile Átha Cliath le páirt a ghlacadh the mobilisation order for the Irish Volunteers san Éirí Amach ach nuair a cuireadh an t-ordú was cancelled on Easter Sunday he assumed chun airm do na hÓglaigh ar ceal Domhnach that the Rising had been postponed. He was Cásca ghlac sé leis go raibh an tÉirí Amach executed at Cork Detention Barracks on 9 curtha siar. Cuireadh chun báis ag Beairic May 1916 following a court martial. In 1966 Choinneála Chorcaí 9 Bealtaine 1916 é tar éis the railway station in Cork was renamed Kent chúirt mhíleata. Athainmníodh an stáisiún Station in his honour. On 18 September 2015, iarnróid i gCorcaigh ina dhiaidh in 1966. Ar his remains were reinterred in the family 18 Meán Fomhair 2015, adhlacadh a chorp in grave in Castlelyons, Co Cork following a uaigh a chlainne i gCaisleán Uí Liatháin, Co. State funeral. Chorcaigh tar éis socraid Stáit. john macbride john macbride Born in Mayo in 1865. Although he initially I Maigh Eo a rugadh é in 1865. Ainneoin trained as a doctor, MacBride abandoned go raibh sé oilte ina dhochtúir d’éirigh sé that profession in favour of work with a as an gceird sin agus chuaigh ag obair le chemist. He travelled to America in 1896 to cógaisíocht. Thaistil sé go Meiricieá in 1896 further the aims of the I. R. B., thereafter le hobair an IRB a chur chun cinn agus ansin travelling to South Africa where he raised go dtí an Afraic Theas áit ar chuir sé le chéile the Irish Transvaal Brigade during the Briogáid Transvaal na hÉireann le linn Dara Second Boer War. MacBride married the Irish Cogadh na mBórach. Phós MacBride an nationalist Maude Gonne in 1903. He was náisiúnach Maude Gonne in 1903. Ní raibh not a member of the Irish Volunteers, but sé sna hÓglaigh ach nuair a thosaigh an upon the beginning of the Rising he offered tÉirí Amach thairg sé cúnamh do Thomás his services to Thomas MacDonagh, and was Mac Donnchadha agus bhí sé i monarcha at Jacob’s biscuit factory when that post was brioscaí Jacob nuair a géilleadh an áit sin an surrendered on Sunday, 30 April 1916. He was Domhnach 30 Aibreán 1916. Cuireadh chun executed on 5 May 1916. báis é 5 Bealtaine 1916.
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michael mallin michael mallin A silk weaver by trade, Mallin was born Fíodóir síoda a bhí i Mallin. I mBaile Átha in Dublin in 1874. Along with Countess Cliath a rugadh é in 1874. Bhí sé i dteannta an Markievicz, he commanded a small Chuntaois Markievicz i gceannas buíon beag contingent of the Irish Citizen Army, of which den Arm Cathartha a raibh sé mar Cheann he was Chief of Staff, taking possession of Foirne orthu nuair a thóg siad Faiche Stiabhna St. Stephen’s Green and the Royal College of agus Coláiste na Máinlia. Cuireadh chun báis Surgeons. He was executed on 8 May 1916. é 8 Bealtaine 1916.. michael o’hanrahan michael o’hanrahan Born in Wexford in 1877. As a young man, I Loch Garman a rugadh Michael O’Hanrahan. O’Hanrahan showed great promise as a writer, Léirigh sé bua na scríbhneoireachta agus é becoming heavily involved in the promotion óg agus d’oibrigh sé go dúthrachtach leis an of the Irish language. He founded the first nGaeilge a chur chun cinn. Ba é a bhunaigh Carlow branch of the Gaelic League, and an chéad chraobh de Chonradh na Gaeilge i published two novels, A Swordsman of the gCeatharlach agus d’fhoilsigh sé dhá úrscéal, Brigade and When the Norman Came. Like A Swordsman of the Brigade agus When many of the other executed leaders, he joined the Norman Came. Ar nós go leor eile de na the Irish Volunteers from their inception, ceannairí a cuireadh chun báis bhí sé sna and was second in command to Thomas hÓglaigh ó bunaíodh iad agus ba é an dara MacDonagh at Jacob’s biscuit factory during ceannaire é faoi Thomás Mac Donnchadha ag the Rising, although this position was largely monarcha brioscaí Jacob le linn an Éirí Amach usurped by the arrival of John MacBride. His cé gur ghlac John Mac Bride an ról sin air féin execution took place on 4 May 1916. cuid mhaith nuair a tháinig sé ann. Cuireadh chun báis é 4 Bealtaine 1916. william pearse Born in 1881 in Dublin. The younger brother liam mac piarais of Patrick, William shared his brother’s I mBaile Átha Cliath a rugadh é in 1881. passion for an independent Ireland. He Deartháir le Pádraig Mac Piarais a bhí ann, assisted Patrick in running St. Enda’s. The bhí sé níos óige ná Pádraig agus bhí an tsuim two brothers were extremely close, and fought chéanna aige i saoirse na hÉireann. Chuidigh alongside each other in the G. P. O. William sé le Pádraig le Scoil Éanna a rith. Bhí an was executed on 4 May 1916. Pearse railway bheirt deartháir an-mhór le chéile agus throid station on Westland Row in Dublin was re- siad le hais a chéile in Ard Oifig an Phoist. named in honour of the two brothers in 1966. Cuireadh Liam chun báis 4 Bealtaine 1916. Athainmníodh stáisiún iarnróid na bPiarsach i Rae an Iarthair i ndiaidh an bheirt dearthár in 1966.
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stonebreakers’ yard, kilmainham gaol / clós na mbristeoirí cloch, príosún chill mhaighneann cuimhneacháin dhomhnach cásca 2016
The National Anthem Amhrán na bhFiann
The National Anthem, called ‘The Scríobh Peadar Ó Ceithearnaigh, uncail le Soldier’s Song’, was written in 1907 by Brendan Behan, an t-amhrán náisiúnta, ar a Peadar Kearney, an uncle of Brendan Behan. dtugtar ‘Amhrán na bhFiann’, i 1907. Ba sa It was first published in the newspaper ‘Irish nuachtán, ‘Saoirse’, a chéad fhoilsíodh é i Freedom’ in 1912, but was not widely known 1912, ach ba bheag cur amach a bhí air go dtí until it was sung at the GPO during the Easter gur casadh é ag Ard-Oifig an Phoist le linn Éirí Rising of 1916. The chorus was formally Amach na Cásca 1916. Glacadh leis an gcurfá adopted as the National Anthem in 1926. mar Amhrán Náisiúnta na hÉireann i 1926.
We’ll sing a song, a soldier’s song, Seo díbh a chairde duan óglaigh, With cheering rousing chorus, Caithréimeach bríomhar ceolmhar, As round our blazing fires we throng, Ár dtinte cnámh go buacach táid, The starry heavens o’er us; ‘S an spéir go mín réaltógach Impatient for the coming fight, Is fonnmhar faobhrach sinn chun gleo And as we wait the morning’s light, ‘S go tiúnmhar glé roimh thíocht don ló Here in the silence of the night, Faoi chiúnas chaomh na hoíche ar seol: We’ll chant a soldier’s song. Seo libh canaigí Amhrán na bhFiann.
Soldiers are we Sinne Fianna Fáil whose lives are pledged to Ireland; Atá faoi gheall ag Éirinn, Some have come Buíon dár slua from a land beyond the wave. Thar toinn do ráinig chugainn. Sworn to be free, Faoi mhóid bheith saor, No more our ancient sire land Seantír ár sinsir feasta Shall shelter the despot or the slave. Ní fhágfar faoin tíorán ná faoin tráil Tonight we man the gap of danger Anocht a théim sa bhearna baoil, In Erin’s cause, come woe or weal Le gean ar Ghaeil chun báis nó saoil ‘Mid cannons’ roar and rifles peal, Le gunnascréach faoi lámhach na bpiléar We’ll chant a soldier’s song. Seo libh canaigí Amhrán na bhFiann.
In valley green, on towering crag, Cois bánta réidh, ar arda sléibhe, Our fathers fought before us, Ba bhuach ár sinsir romhainn, And conquered ‘neath the same old flag Ag lámhach go tréan faoin sárbhrat séin That’s proudly floating o’er us. Tá thuas sa ghaoth go seolta We’re children of a fighting race, Ba dhúchas riamh dár gcine cháidh That never yet has known disgrace, Gan iompáil siar ó imirt áir, And as we march, the foe to face, ‘S ag siúl mar iad i gcoinne namhad We’ll chant a soldier’s song. Seo libh, canaigí Amhrán na bhFiann.
Sons of the Gael! Men of the Pale! A bhuíon nach fann d’fhuil Ghaeil is Gall, The long watched day is breaking; Sin breacadh lae na saoirse, The serried ranks of Inisfail Ta sceimhle ‘s scanradh i gcroithe namhad, Shall set the Tyrant quaking. Roimh ranna laochra ár dtíre. Our camp fires now are burning low; Ár dtinte is tréith gan spréach anois, See in the east a silv’ry glow, Sin luisne ghlé san spéir anoir, Out yonder waits the Saxon foe, ‘S an bíobha i raon na bpiléar agaibh: So chant a soldier’s song. Seo libh, canaigí Amhrán na bhFiann.
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The Insurgent Forces Na Fórsaí Ceannairceacha
The 1916 Easter Rising was originally Beartaíodh Éirí Amach 1916 mar reibiliún planned as a country-wide rebellion. ar fud na tíre i dtosach báire. Mar gheall ar However, following the interception of the idircheapadh an SS Aud ag an gCabhlach Ríoga, SS Aud by the Royal Navy, the loss of her áfach, agus gur chaill sí mar sin a lastas arm cargo of German arms and ammunition, agus armlón ón nGearmáin, chomh maith the confusion arising from Eoin MacNeill’s leis an mearbhall mar thoradh ar fhreasordú countermanding order, the decision Eoin Mhic Néill, cinneadh roinnt daoine of some Irish Republican Brotherhood de cheannaireacht na nÓglach ar baill de elements of the Volunteer leadership and Bhráithreachas Phoblacht na hÉireann iad Commandant General James Connolly to agus cinneadh an Cheannfoirt-Ghinearáil postpone the Rising from Easter Sunday Séamas Ó Conghaile an tÉirí Amach a athrú ó and to strike on Easter Monday, the most Dhomhnach Cásca go Luan Cásca, ba i gCathair intense and important military activity took agus i gContae Bhaile Átha Cliath a tharla an place in Dublin City and County. However, ghníomhaíocht mhíleata ba dhéine agus ba significant military activity also took place in thábhachtaí. Tharla gníomhaíocht mhíleata counties Louth, Meath, Wexford and Galway. suntasach i gContaetha Lú, na Mí, Loch Garman Department of Defence records confirm agus na Gaillimhe freisin. Dearbhaíonn taifid active service in April 1916 at locations in na Roinne Cosanta go rabhthas ar fónamh in 22 counties in all four provinces of Ireland. Aibreán 1916 ag áiteanna i 22 chontae i ngach Research to date confirms that 2591 men and cúige in Éirinn. Dearbhaíonn an taighde atá women veterans of the Rising are recognised déanta go dtí seo go dtugtar aitheantas do as providing active service. These include 2591 Seansaighdiúir, idir fhir agus mhná, as members of the Irish Volunteers, Irish bheith ar fónamh . Áirítear orthu sin comhaltaí Citizen Army, Hibernian Rifles, Na Fianna d’Óglaigh na hÉireann, d’Arm Cathartha na Eireann and Cumann na mBan. hÉireann, de na Hibernian Rifles, de na Fianna The main action sites and deployments are Éireann agus de Chumann na mBan. Seo a as follows: leanas na príomhláithreáin gníomhaíochta agus imscarthaí: The Dublin Brigade Briogáid Bhaile Átha Cliath agus and Irish Citizen Army Arm Cathartha na hÉireann General and Brigade Headquarters Ceanncheathrú Ginearálta agus Briogáide General Post Office, Dublin Ard-Oifig an Phoist, Baile Átha Cliath 1 battalion 1 cathlán Commanded by Commandant Edward Daly Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Edward Daly deployed in the Brunswick Street, North a bhí imscartha ar Shráid Brunswick, Aontas Dublin Union, North King Street and other Bhaile Átha Cliath Thuaidh, Sráid an Rí Thuaidh agus urphoist eile laistigh de
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outposts with the Battalion Headquarters in Cheanncheathrú an Chathlán i gcoimpléasc the Four Courts complex. na gCeithre Chúirt.
2 battalion 2 cathlán Commanded by Commandant Thomas Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Thomáis Mhic McDonagh occupied Jacobs Biscuit factory Donnchadha, d’áitigh monarcha brioscaí at Peter Street and Bishop Street, with nearly Jacobs ar Shráid Pheadair agus Sráid an half of the Battalion deployed to the GPO. Easpaig agus imscaradh beagnach leath an chathláin chuig Ard-Oifig an Phoist. 3 battalion 3 cathlán Commanded by Commandant Eamon Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Éamon de de Valera occupied Bolands Bakery /Mill Valera, d’áitigh Bácús/Muilte Boland and deployed to interdict the railway line agus imscaradh iad chun an líne iarnróid ó Westland Row to Landsdowns Road and Rae an Iarthair go Bóthar Lansdún bridges across the Grand Canal. The agus droichid thar na Canáile Móire a Battalion Headquarters was in Great dhíchumasú. Bhí Ceanncheathrú Brunswick Street. an Chathláin ar Shráid Brunswick.
4 battalion 4 cathlán Commanded by Commandant Eamonn Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Eamonn Ceannt occupied the South Dublin Union Ceannt, d’áitigh Teach na mBocht Aontas Workhouse, Roe’s Distillery, Jameson’s Bhaile Átha Cliath Theas, Drioglann Roe, Distillery, Marrowbone Lane and Drioglann Jameson, Lána Mhuire Mhaith surrounding area. agus an ceantar máguaird.
5 battalion 5 cathlán Commanded by Commandant Thomas Ashe Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Thomáis deployed in North County Dublin and Meath Ághais, imscartha i gContae Bhaile Átha and saw action at Ashbourne. Cliath Thuaidh agus i gCo. na Mí agus gníomhach i gCill Dhéagláin. irish citizen army arm cathartha na héireann Commanded by Commandant General James Connolly, stationed at Headquarters Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt-Ghinearáil in the GPO, deployed initially on Saint Shéasmuis Uí Chonghaile, lonnaithe ag an Stephen’s Green under Commandant gCeanncheathrú ag Ard-Oifig an Phoist, Michael Mallin and later occupied the imscartha chuig Faiche Stiabhna ar dtús faoin College of Surgeons. gCeannfort Micheál Ó Mealláin agus d’áitigh Coláiste Ríoga na Máinleá in Éirinn.
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County Louth Contae Lú the dundalk battalion cathlán dhún dealgan Commanded by Commandant Donal Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Donal O’Hannigan mustered in the town and O’Hannigan, thionóil siad sa bhaile agus deployed to Lurgan Green, Castlebellinghan, imscaradh iad chuig Faiche Lurgan, Baile Slane, Ardee, Hill of Tara and Tyrellstown an Ghearlánaigh, Baile Shláine, Baile Átha House. The Battalion Adjutant made his way Fhirdhia, Teamhair agus Teach Bhaile an to the GPO. Tirialaigh. Rinne Aidiúnach an Chathláin a bhealach chuig Ard-Oifig an Phoist. County Wexford Contae Loch Garman wexford brigade, enniscorthy battalion briogáid loch garman, cathlán inis córthaidh Commanded by Commandant Peter Paul Galligan occupied and held the town of Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Peter Paul Enniscorthy, with blocking outposts and Galligan, d’áitigh agus choinnigh siad baile ambush positions on the approaches to the Inis Córthaidh, agus bhí urphoist bhlocála town. The Vice Commandant of the Brigade agus suíomhanna luíocháin acu ar na bealaí was Seamus Rafter. isteach chuig an mbaile. Séamus Rafter a bhí ina Leas-Cheannfort ar an mBriogáid. County Galway Contae na Gaillimhe galway brigade briogáid na gaillimh Commanded by Commandant Liam Mellowes mustered at the Athenry Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Liam Mel- Agricultural Station and deployed to lows, thionóil siad ag Stáisiún Talmhaíochta Oranmore, Clarenbridge and Moyode and Bhaile Átha an Rí agus imscaradh iad chuig disbanded at Lime Park. Órán Mór, Droichead an Chláirín agus Maigh Fhód. Scoir siad ag Páirc Lime.
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Casualties Daoine A Gortaíodh/Maraíodh
insurgents ceannaircigh Department of Defence records confirm 62 Dearbhaítear i dtaifid na Roinne Cosanta members of the Irish Volunteer / Citizen gur maraíodh 62 chomhalta d’Óglaigh na Army / Na Fianna Éireann as having been hÉireann/Arm Cathartha na hÉireann/na killed on active service during the Rising. Fianna Éireann agus iad ar fónamh le linn 16 leaders were later executed, making a an Éirí Amach. Cuireadh 16 cheannaire chun total of 78 dead. báis ina dhiaidh sin, rud a d’fhág gur 78 an líon a maraíodh. others The most recent research indicates that daoine eile in all 488 were killed and over 2,500 were Dá réir an taighde is déanaí, maraíodh 488 injured. Of the 488 who died, 55% were duine agus gortaíodh breis is 2,500. As an civilians, 24% were British Forces, 16% 488 a fuair bás, bhí 55% acu ina sibhialtaigh, were insurgents and 5% were policemen. 24% acu i bhForsaí na Breataine, 16% acu A number of the policemen and British ina gceannaircigh agus 5% acu ina bpóilíní. soldiers who died were Irish. Approximately B’Éireannaigh iad roinnt de na póilíní agus 40 children were killed. roinnt d’arm na breataine a maraíodh. Bhí tuairim is 40 páiste i measc dóibh glasnevin remembrance wall a fuair bás. The Remembrance Wall in Glasnevin balla cuimhneacháin Cemetery will list the names of all those who ghlas naíon died as a result of the 1916 Easter Rising. Beigh liosta ar Bhalla Cuimhneacháin The project was conceived and initiated by Ghlas Naíon d’ainmneacha gach duine a Glasnevin Trust as a means of remembering bhásaigh mar thoradh ar Éirí Amach na those men, women and children without Cásca 1916. Iontaobhas Ghlas Naíon a cheap judgement or hierarchy. agus a chuir tús leis an tionscadal chun cuimhneamh ar na fir, mná agus leanaí sin gan breithiúnas ná ordlathas.
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Role of Women in the Rising Ról Na Mban San Éirí Amach
The 1916 Rising was unique, by any Rud uathúil a bhí in Éirí Amach 1916 mar standards, by virtue of the participation of gheall go raibh mná rannpháirteach ann 100 women 100 years ago. Women served in bliain ó shin. D’fhóin mná in eagraíochtaí military organisations involved in the Rising. míleata a raibh baint acu leis an Éirí Amach. The number is now estimated at some 300 Meastar anois gur tuairim is 300 a bhí i and, as well as in Dublin, they took part at the gceist, agus go raibh siad gníomhach i action sites at Galway, Wexford and Meath. nGaillimh, Loch Garman agus i gContae na As equal members of the Irish Citizen Army, Mí, chomh maith le i mBaile Átha Cliath. Ina Cumann na mBan and women members comhaltaí comhionanna d’Arm Cathartha of the Hibernian Rifles, which included na hÉireann, ina comhaltaí de Chumann the Clann na Gael girl scouts, they also na mBan agus ina comhaltaí mná de na participated alongside the Irish Volunteers Hibernian Rifles, ar tháinig banghasóga and Na Fianna Éireann. Chlann na nGael faoina scáth freisin, bhí Some women served without being siad rannpháirteach in éineacht le hÓglaigh formal members of any organisation, in such na hÉireann agus leis na Fianna Éireann roles as despatch carriers and providers of chomh maith. first aid and as ‘basket girls’, bringing food to D’fhóin roinnt ban cé nach raibh siad the garrisons. ina gcomhaltaí d’eagraíocht ar bith, i rólan- In addition members of the Irish na mar chúiréirí agus soláthar garchabhrach Citizen Army, Countess Markievicz and agus mar ‘cailíní ciseáin’, ag tabhairt bia Dr Kathleen Lynn, participated as Officers chuig na garastúin. in City Hall and in the St. Stephen’s Green/ Chomh maith le bheith ina comhal- Royal College of Surgeons garrison. As part of taí d’Arm Cathartha na hÉireann, bhí an that garrison, Margaret Skinnider was injured Chúntaois Markievicz agus an Dr. Kathleen in active service. This unique element to the Lynn rannpháirteach mar oifigigh i Halla na Rising was little known until key collections in Cathrach agus i ngarastún Fhaiche Stiabhna/ the Military Archives were opened from 2003. Choláiste Ríoga na Máinleá. Mar chuid den gharastún sin, gortaíodh Margaret Skinnider agus í ar fónamh . Ní raibh a fhios ag mórán faoin ngné uathúil seo den Éirí Amach go dtí gur osclaíodh príomhbhailiúcháin sa Chartlann Mhíleata in 2003.
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Women who took part in the Easter Mná a bhí rannpháirteach in Éirí Amach Rising, photographed in the garden of Ely na Cásca. Tógadh an grianghraf i ngairdín O’Carroll’s house in Peter’s Place, Dublin, theach Ely O’Carroll i bPlás Pheadair, Baile during the Summer of 1916. Átha Cliath, i rith Shamhradh 1916.
Photograph courtesy of Kilmainham Gaol Grianghraf le caoinchead Mhúsaem Phríosún Museum (18PC-1B53-02). Image taken from: Chill Mhaighneann (18PC-1B53-02). Tógtha ó: No Ordinary Women by Sinead McCoole. No Ordinary Women le Sinead McCoole.
Standing (Left) / Ina Seasamh (Ar Chlé): Fourth Row / Ceathrú Líne: A Tobin, Aoife Taaffe, Marcella Cosgrave, Nora Thornton, Rose Mulally, Sheila O’Hanlon, Kathleen Murphy, Bridget Foley Maria Quigley, Margaret O’Flaherty, Josie McGowan, Eileen Cooney, Josie O’Keefe Standing (Right) / Ina Seasamh (Ar Dheis): M Kelly, Máire Nic Shiúbhlaigh, Lily O’Brennan, Third Row / Tríú Líne: Elizabeth O’Farrell, Nora O’Daly, Mary Murray M Moore, K Lane, Sarah Kealy, Gertie Colley, Mary O’Hanrahan, Arnee Wisley, Back Row / Líne Chúil: Bridget Murtagh, Cilla Quigley, Julia Grennan, M Kelly, Brigid Brady, Jeannie Shanahan, Statia Twoomey, B Walsh Kathleen Barrett, Rosie Hackett, Margaret Ryan, Brigid Davis, Chris Caffrey, Patricia Hoey Second Row / Dara Líne: Rose McNamara, Kathleen Kenny, M J Walsh, Fifth Row / Cúigiú Líne: Mrs Lawless, Jenny Milner, Eileen Walsh, Lucy Smith, Nora Foley, Pauline Morecombe, K Kennedy, May Byrne, Eileen Cooney, D Sullivan, M Elliott, Mary Sullivan, Annie Cooney Tilley Simpson, Catherine Treston Front Row / Líne Thosaigh: Madelaine ffrench-Mullen, Miss Foley, Dr Kathleen Lynn 28 easter sunday commemoration 2016
History of the Flag Stair na Brataí
The National Flag of Ireland, often Tá trí dhath ar Bhratach Náisiúnta na hÉireann, referred to as the tricolour, consists of three ar a dtugtar an bhratach trí dhath go minic colours – green, white and orange. It was – glas, bán agus oráiste. Glacadh leis an adopted as the flag of the Irish Free State in mbratach mar bhratach Shaorstát Éireann i 1922 and formally confirmed as the National 1922. Deimhníodh an bhratach go foirmiúil Flag in Article 7 of the 1937 Constitution. mar an mBratach Náisiúnta in Airteagal 7 den The Irish tricolour is intended to Bhunreacht 1937. symbolise the inclusion and hoped-for union of Tá Bratach trí dhath na hÉireann ceaptha the people of different traditions on this island, bheith ina siombail ar chuimsiú muintireacha which is now expressed in the Constitution de thraidisiúin éagsúla ar an oileán seo, agus as the entitlement of every person born in the a n-aontú a rabhthas ag súil leis, a léirítear sa island of Ireland to be part of the Irish nation Bhunreacht faoi láthair mar an teidlíocht atá (regardless of ethnic origin, religion or ag gach duine a rugadh in oiléan na hÉireann political conviction). chun bheith mar chuid de náisiún na hÉireann A green flag with harp (figure a) was (gan aird ar bhunadh eitneach, daorbhreith an older symbol used by Irish nationalists, reiligiúnach nó pholaitiúil). going back at least to the 1640s. It was also Ba shiombail ní ba shine a d’úsáid adopted by the Irish Volunteers in the 1780s náisiúnaigh Éireannacha bratach ghlas ar and especially by the United Irishmen in the a raibh cruit (fíor a), a ghabh siar go dtí na 1798 rebellion. 1640idí ar a laghad. Anuas air sin, ghlac Widespread recognition was not Óglaigh na hÉireann leis sna 1780idí, go accorded to the flag until 1848. From March háirithe na hÉireannaigh Aontaithe in éirí of that year, Irish tricolours appeared side by amach 1798. side with French ones at meetings held all over Níor tugadh aitheantas fairsing don the country to celebrate the revolution that had bhratach go dtí 1848. Ó Mhárta na bliana sin just taken place in France. On 7 March 1848, ar aghaidh, bhí bratacha trí dhath na hÉireann Thomas Francis Meagher, the Young Ireland ar crochadh taobh le bratacha na Fraince ag leader, flew a tricolour from 33 The Mall in cruinnithe a bhí ar siúl fud fad na tíre chun an Waterford, where it flew continuously for a t-éirí amach a cheiliúradh a bhí tar éis titim week until removed by the authorities. amach sa Fhrainc. An 7 Márta 1848, chuir Thomas Francis Meagher, ceannasaí Óg na hÉireann, bratach trí dhath ar foluain ó Uimhir 33, an Meal i bPort Láirge, áit a raibh sí ar foluain gan staonadh ar feadh seachtaine go dtí gur bhain na húdaráis í. In Aibreán, thug Meagher bratach trí dhath leis ó Pháras, thug sé an bhratach i láthair i gcruinniú i mBaile Átha Cliath agus mhínigh sé an tábhacht a bhain leis na dathanna: ‘Is éard atá i gceist leis an dath bán i figure a
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In April, Meagher brought a tricolour from lár na brataí ná sos cogaidh marthanach idir Paris, presented it to a Dublin meeting and an dath Oráiste agus an dath Glas agus tá outlined the significance of the colours: súil agam gur féidir le Protastúnaigh agus le ‘The white in the centre signifies a lasting Caitlicigh na hÉireann lámha a chreathadh truce between Orange and Green and I trust that faoina bun i mbráithreachas flaithiúil beneath its folds the hands of Irish Protestants agus laochúil.’ and Irish Catholics may be clasped in generous Dúirt John Mitchel, ball chomh maith and heroic brotherhood.’ d’Óg-Ghluaiseacht na hÉireann, an méid seo: John Mitchel, also a member of the Young ‘Tá súil agam go bhfeicfidh mé an bhratach Ireland Movement, said: ‘I hope to see that flag sin ar crochadh lá éigin mar ár mbratach one day waving as our national banner.’ náisiúnta.’ Although the tricolour was not forgotten Cé nach ndearnadh dearmad ar an as a symbol of hoped-for union and a banner mbratach trí dhath mar shiombail den aontas associated with the Young Irelanders and a rabhthas ag súil leis agus mar bhratach a revolution, it was little used between 1848 and bhaineann leis na hÉireannaigh Óga agus le 1916. Even up to the eve of the Rising in 1916, héirí amach, ba bheag úsáid a baineadh aisti the green flag with harp held undisputed sway. idir 1848 agus 1916. Fiú a fhad leis an oíche The Irish tricolour flag was flown over roimh an Éirí Amach i 1916, ba í an bhratach the General Post Office on Easter Monday, 1916, ghlas ar a raibh an chruit an bhratach ba mhó along with a large green flag inscribed with the a crochadh. words ‘Irish Republic’ (figure b). The Citizen Cuireadh trí dhath na hÉireann ar foluain Army Flag (figure c) flew on the Imperial ó Ard-Oifig an Phoist Luan Cásca, 1916, mar Hotel on O’Connell St. during the Rising. This aon le bratach mhór ghlas ar a raibh na focail flag shows a stylised representation of a plough ‘Poblacht na hÉireann’ (fíor b). Cuireadh with a representation of the constellation Ursa Bratach an Airm Chathartha (fíor c) ar foluain Major superimposed on it, all on a green field ar Óstán an Imperial ar Shráid Uí Chonaill i bordered by a gilt fringe. rith an Éirí Amach. Taispeántar ar an mbrat seo Associated with separatism in the past, íomhá stílithe de chéachta a raibh íomhá den flown during the Rising of 1916 and capturing réaltbhuíon Ursa Major leagtha anuas uirthi, the national imagination as the banner of the agus an dá íomhá leagtha anuas ar pháirc ghlas new revolutionary Ireland, the tricolour came to ar ghabh frainse óraithe thart uirthi. be accepted as the National Flag. Bhí baint ag an mbratach le scarúnachas san am a bhí thart, cuireadh í ar foluain i rith Éirí Amach 1916 agus léirigh sí an tsamhlaíocht náisiúnta mar bhratach Éire nua na réabhlóide, agus glacadh leis an mbratach trí dhath mar an mBratach Náisiúnta.
figure b figure c
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Documents Illustrating the Development of the State Doiciméid a léiríonn Forbairt an Stáit
The seminal event that was the An ócáid ba thábhachtaí ná gur cuireadh tús Easter Rising began with the reading of the le hÉirí Amach na Cásca nuair a léadh amach Proclamation. Landmarks that followed an Forógra. Bhí doiciméad ag gabháil le gach as the Irish State grew in freedom and cor cinniúnach a tharla ina dhiaidh sin de réir independence and Ireland began, in Robert mar a tháinig fás ar Stát na hÉireann ó thaobh Emmet’s phrase, to take her place among the na saoirse agus an neamhspleáchais, agus de nations of the earth, were also accompanied réir mar a ghlac Éire a áit, mar a dúirt Robert by documents. Such landmarks, beginning Emmet, ‘among the nations of the earth’. I with the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, include the measc na gcor cinniúnach sin, a thosaigh leis 1922 Constitution; the 1937 Constitution; the an gConradh Angla-Éireannach i 1921, bhí declaration of the Republic in 1949; Ireland’s Bunreacht 1922; Bunreacht 1937; forógra na joining the United Nations in 1955; accession Poblachta 1949; Éire ag dul isteach sna Náisiúin to what is now the European Union in 1973; Aontaithe i 1955; aontachas leis an Aontas and the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Eorpach, mar a thugtar anois air, i 1973; agus The photographs that follow show Comhaontú Aoine an Chéasta i 1998. some of the documents that accompanied Léiríonn na grianghraif thíos cuid de na these landmarks. doiciméid a théann le na coir chinniúnaigh sin.
1921 anglo irish treaty 1922 constitution cuimhneacháin dhomhnach cásca 2016
1937 constitution republic of ireland act 1948
1973 treaty of access to the eu good friday agreement 1998 100th Anniversary Commemoration Projects
easter sunday commemoration 2016
Permanent Reminders Meabhrúcháin Bhuana
The Ireland 2016 Centenary Mar chuid den Chlár Comórtha 100 Bliain Programme is a diverse range of projects and Éire 2016 tá réimse leathan tionscadal agus activities, focused on the events of 1916, and gníomhaíochtaí atá dírithe ar imeachtaí 1916 designed to commemorate appropriately, á n-eagrú, tionscadail agus gníomhaíochtaí and broaden access to information about atá leagtha amach chun Éirí Amach 1916 the 1916 Rising. It will encourage historical a chomóradh mar is cuí agus chun eolas a enquiry at local community, school and chur ar fáil faoi. Spreagfaidh sin fiosruithe academic level. The capital projects will ó thaobh na staire ag leibhéal áitiúil, pobail, form a legacy of this centenary year for scoile agus acadúil. Beidh na tionscadail future generations. chaipitil sin fágtha le hoidhreacht tar éis na bliana comórtha ag na glúnta atá le teacht. flags for schools initiative To commemorate the centenary of the 1916 an tionscnamh maidir le bratach don scoil Rising and to celebrate 100 years since the Proclamation of the Irish Republic, Óglaigh D’fhonn comóradh a dhéanamh ar na hÉireann have been delivering a National chothrom céad bliain ó tharla Éirí Amach Flag to every Primary School in the country. 1916 agus ó fógraíodh Poblacht na hÉireann, This is a key part of the Ireland 2016 tá Óglaigh na hÉireann ag tabhairt an commemorative programme and members Bhratach Náisiúnta do gach bunscoil sa tír. of Óglaigh na nÉireann, in uniform, are Is cuid bhuntábhachtach de chlár visiting schoolchildren, teachers and parents comórtha Éire 2016 an tionscnamh seo ina in over 3,200 schools across the Republic. bhfuil comhaltaí d’Óglaigh na hÉireann, Each school is being visited by a team, faoina gcuid éide, ag tabhairt cuairt ar led by an Officer or senior NCO, who will dhaltaí scoile, ar mhúinteoirí agus ar formally present the National Flag to the thuismitheoirí i líon níos mó ná 3,200 scoil School in a special ceremony. The team will ar fud na Poblacht. teach the schoolchildren about how the Tá foireann, le hOifigeach nó ONC National Flag should be cared for and the sinsearach i gceannas, ag tabhairt cuairt protocol that surrounds this vibrant symbol ar gach scoil ar a mbronntar an Bhratach of our nation. Náisiúnta go foirmeálta ag searmanas speisialta agus ag múineadh do na daltaí scoile an modh inar ceart cúram a dhéanamh den Bhratach Náisiúnta agus an prótacal a ghabhann leis an gcomhartha beo seo ar an náisiún.
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kilmainham gaol príosún chill mhaighneann The refurbishment of Kilmainham Le hathchóiriú Theach Cúirte Chill Courthouse and its adaptation for use Mhaighneann agus lena hoiriúnú le húsáid as a new Gaol Visitor Centre, including mar Ionad Cuairteoirí Príosúin nua, lena the provision of a new visitor link to n-áireofar nasc nua do chuairteoirí chuig Kilmainham Gaol Museum, will provide Músaem Phríosún Chill Mhaighneann, an enriched visitor experience and a range cuirfear eispéireas den scoth ar fáil do of modern services, together with original chuairteoirí agus raon seirbhísí artefact displays relating to the Kilmainham nua-aimseartha, chomh maith le site and its history. taispeántais de dhéantúsáin bhunaidh a bhaineann le suíomh Chill Mhaighneann richmond barracks agus a stair. This is a Dublin City Council-community partnership that will restore specific parts beairic richmond of Richmond Barracks, in particular the Is comhpháirtíocht é seo idir an pobal agus building where the 1916 leaders were Comhairle Cathrach Bhaile Átha Cliath interned and where some courts-martial a dhéanfaidh athchóiriú ar chodanna took place. Exhibition and interpretative sonracha de Bheairic Richmond, go háirithe spaces are also being created. an foirgneamh inar coinníodh ceannairí 1916 agus inar tharla roinnt cúirteanna teach an phiarsaigh airm. Tá spáis le haghaidh taispeántas agus The development of a visitor centre at Teach léirmhíniú á gcruthú freisin. an Phiarsaigh will provide an introduction to the Irish language, Gaeltacht culture and the teach an phiarsaigh Connemara landscape, focusing on Patrick Tábharfaidh forbairt atá dírithe ar bun ar Pearse and his relationship with Ros Muc. ionad cuairteoirí ag Teach an Phiarsaigh buneolas ar an nGaeilge, ar chultúr na gpo witness history Gaeltachta agus ar thírdhreach Chonamara, An Post GPO Witness History is an dírithe ar Phádraig Mac Piarsaigh agus an immersive, interactive visitor attraction gaol a bhí aige le Ros Muc. bringing history to life through technology, gpo witness history video, sound and authentic artefacts. Taispeántas tumthach, idirghníomhach é GPO Witness History de chuid An Post a mbeidh tarraingt mhór ag cuairteoirí air agus a dhéanfaidh beo arís imeachtaí a thit amach sa stair. Déanfar sin le teicneolaíocht, fís, fuaim agus fíor-dheántáin.
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Its special effects, soundscapes and heartfelt Beidh spéis ag gach aois-ghrúpa sa stories of real people in extraordinary mhaisíocht, sna fuaimphictiúir agus i scéalta circumstances will captivate all age-groups. na ndaoine a bhí i láthair agus páirteach The centrepiece is an immersive audio-visual sna himeachtaí iontacha seo. Spás clos- space that will put visitors right at the heart amhairc tumthach atá i gceist a thabharfaidh of the events during the five days in which cuairteoirí chuig croí-lár na n-imeachtaí the GPO was both the military command mar a thit siad amach sna cúig lá a raibh centre and the seat of the Provisional Ard-Oifig an Phoist ina lár-ionad míleata ag Irish Government. Rialtas Sealadach na hÉireann. the national concert hall an ceoláras náisiúnta An official opening is currently planned Tá sé beartaithe an oscailt oifigiúil a for Monday April 11, to be followed by an dhéanamh an Luan an 11 Aibreán agus opening season of events to include classical ina dhiaidh sin go mbeadh séasúr oscailte chamber music, traditional music, jazz, imeachtaí ceol aireagail, ceol traidisiúnta, contemporary music, spoken word and snagcheol, ceol nua-aimseartha, cainteanna lectures during April, May and June. agus léachtaí ar siúl le linn Aibreán, There will also be an exhibition Bealtaine agus Meitheamh. about Kevin Barry (courtesy of UCD) and Beidh taispeántas freisin ann faoi a photographic exhibition on the Treaty Kevin Barry (le caoinchead ó UCD) agus Debates that took place in the rooms in taispeántas grianghraf de na Díospóireachtaí December 1921 / January 1922. ar an gConradh a thit amach sna seomraí i mí na Nollag 1921 / Eanáir 1922. the tenement museum, dublin an músaem tionóntán No. 14 Henrietta Street is being developed as a social history museum in which visitors Tá Uimh. 14 Sráid Henrietta á fhorbairt mar can explore the contrasting experiences mhúsaem stair shóisialta ina bhféadfaidh of daily life in the house and on the street cuairteoirí an difríocht idir an gnáthshaol and in North Inner City Dublin from the sa teach agus i Lárchathair Thuaidh Bhaile mid-18th century to the tenement period. Átha Cliath a fhiosrú, ó lár an 18ú haois The museum will be housed on three floors go dtí tréimhse na dtionóntán. Beidh trí and will include a restored tenement flat urlár sa mhúsaem agus mar chuid de beidh from c. 1960-70, and a reinstated main arasán tionóntáin athchóirithe ó c.1960-70, stairs from the 1740s. Oral recordings of agus aischuirfear ann príomhstaighre ó na people who once lived in the tenements 1740idí. Beidh taifeadtaí béil ó dhaoine a and commissioned 4th level research will chónaigh sna tionóntáin tráth agus cuirfear be curated thematically and presented both taighde coimisiúnaithe 4ú leibhéal i láthair, audio-visually and through guided tours. faoi théamaí éagsúla, i bhfoirm closamhairc agus trí thurais treoraithe.
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the military archives an chartlann mhíleata The refurbishment and expansion of the Trí athchóiriú agus leathnú a dhéanamh existing building in Cathal Brugha Barracks ar an bhfoirgneamh atá ann cheana féin will provide an archival facility for important i nDún Chathail Bhrugha, cuirfear áis records including records from the Military cartlainne do thaifid thábhachtacha ar Service (1916 - 1923) Pensions Collection fáil, lena n-áirítear taifid ó Bhailiúchánna and will also incorporate a front-of-house bPinsean Seirbhíse Míleata (1916-1923) agus facility, administration accommodation and beidh áis fáilteachais, cóiríocht riaracháin a new purpose-built annex building. agus foirgneamh saintógtha nua i gceistleis freisin. moore street sráid an mhúraigh The conservation and restoration of these late 18th century houses and their adaptation D’fhonn an séadchomhartha náisiúnta a to a Commemorative Centre will safeguard chosaint déanfar na tithe seo a rinneadh the national monument, and return it to ag deireadh an 18ú céad a chaomhnú agus its 1916 condition, allowing visitors to a athchóiriú chun Ionad Cuimhneacháin a experience the building as they were when dhéanamh díobh. Réiteofar iad mar a bhí the 1916 Leaders held their last council of said i 1916 ionas go mbeidh cuairteoirí in war there. ann iad a fheiceáil mar a bhí siad nuair a reáchtáil Ceannairí 1916 an chomhairle the athenaeum, wexford deiridh cogaidh ann. The refurbishment of The Athenaeum will an athenaeum, loch garman provide a multi-purpose theatre and feature a 1916 exhibition in the building that was Le hathchóiriú Athenaeum, cruthófar the headquarters of the Irish Volunteers in amharclann ilchuspóir agus taispeántas 1916 Enniscorthy in the Easter Rising where the san fhoirgneamh a bhí mar cheanncheathrú Irish tricolour flew for five days. It was the Óglaigh na hÉireann in Inis Córthaidh san last rebel stronghold to surrender in Ireland, Éirí Amach áit a raibh bratach trí dhath na on 1st May 1916. hÉireann ar foluain ar feadh cúig lá. Ba é an daingean deireanach in Éirinn de chuid na reibiliúnach a ghéill an 1ú Bealtaine 1916.
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The commemoration will be measured Cuimhneachán stuama agus machnamhach and reflective, and will be informed by a a bheidh ann, a bheidh bunaithe ar full acknowledgement of the complexity aitheantas iomlán ar chastacht imeachtaí of historical events and their legacy, of the staire agus an tionchar a bhí acu, ar na multiple readings of history, and of the léamha éagsúla is féidir a bheith againn ar an multiple identities and traditions which stair, agus ar na céannachtaí agus traidisiúin are part of the Irish historical experience. éagsúla atá mar chuid d’eispéireas staire There must be full acknowledgement of na hÉireann. Ní mór aitheantas iomlán the multiple identities and traditions which a thabhairt do na céannachtaí agus na are part of the overall story and of the traidisiúin éagsúla atá mar chuid den different ideals and sacrifices associated scéal iomlán agus do na hidéil agus na with them. Official events must within híobairtí a bhaineann leo. Ní mór d’ócáidí reason be inclusive and non-partisan, oifigiúla a bheith uilechuimsitheach agus but the State should not be expected to neamhchlaonta, a mhéid a bheidh réasúnta, be neutral about its own existence. The ach níor cheart a bheith ag súil go mbeidh aim should be to broaden sympathies, an Stát neodrach faoina bhunú. An aidhm is without having to abandon loyalties, and in ceart a bheith ann ná chun comhthuiscint a particular recognising the value of ideals and mhéadú gan dílseacht a thréigean, agus go sacrifices, including their cost. háirithe aitheantas a thabhairt don luach a bhain le hidéil agus íobairtí, chomh maith Expert Advisory Group lena gcostas. on Commemorations Ón Sainghrúpa Comhairleach ar Chuimhneacháin
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Remembering those who died Cuimhneamh orthu siúd a bhasaigh
39 cuimhneacháin dhomhnach cásca 2016 easter sunday commemoration 2016 g p o , s h e p p a r d
o l i v e r , c ú c h u l a i n n
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Roinn an Taoisigh d e a t h Department of the Taoiseach t h e